阅读理解热点话题综合练习02-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校真题）

这是一份阅读理解热点话题综合练习02-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校真题），共18页。

In a new article published in the jurnal Space Weather, an internatinal team f space scientists with researchers frm UCLA, answers thse tw questins.
That is, humans shuld be able t safely travel t and frm Mars, prvided that the spacecraft has adequate shielding (防护) and the rund trip is shrter than apprximately fur years. And the timing f a human missin t Mars wuld indeed make a difference: The scientists determined that the best time fr a flight t leave Earth wuld be when slar activity is at its peak, because the mst dangerus and energetic particles frm distant galaxies are deflected (偏移) during slar maximum.
Imaginably, the average flight t Mars takes abut nine mnths, s it is reasnable that a human missin culd reach the planet and return t Earth in less than tw years,accrding t Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research gephysicist and c-authr f the paper.:
“This study shws that althugh space radiatin impses (追使) strict limitatins n hw heavy the spacecraft can be and the time f launch, and it presents technlgical difficulties fr human missins t Mars, such a missin is viable,” said Shprits, wh als is head f space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre fr Gesciences in Ptsdam,Germany.
1．What are the tw questins abut?
A．Getting rid f the technlgical bstacles.
B．Making astrnauts return frm Mars safely.
C．Prtecting astrnauts frm particle radiatin.
D．Launching the spacecraft t Mars in shielding.
2．Which decides the time when humans fly t Mars?
A．The distance t stars.B．The length f the rund trip.
C．The size f particles.D．The degree f slar activity.
3．What des the underlined wrd “viable” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Challenging.B．Wrkable.C．Rewarding.D．Affrdable.
4．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Tw Questins, a Help t Humans?
B．Particle Radiatin, an Obstacle t Mars?
C．Travelling t Mars, an Impssible Missin?
D．A Rund Trip t Mars, Technlgical Advance?
（2023·云南玉溪·统考一模）It’s picking seasn at Christian Nachtwey’s rganic rchard (果园) in western Germany and labrers are lading their vehicles with ripe apples. But Nachtwey’s farm is als btaining a secnd harvest: Many f the apple trees grw beneath slar panels that have been prducing electricity, while prviding the fruit belw with much-needed shade.
“The idea is simple,” said Nachtwey. “T prtect the rchard, withut reducing the available grwing surface and in particular maintaining prductin. On tp f that, there’s the slar electricity being generated n the same land.” Large-scale slar installatins n farmland are becming increasingly ppular, as farmers seek t make the mst f their land and establish a secnd surce f revenue (收益).
Getting the right mix f crp and slar is hard, because mdern fruit varieties are finely used t particular grwing cnditins. Any change can tip the balance, csting farmers revenue if their fruit is damaged, the wrng clr r nt as sweet as cnsumers like. That’s why Nachtwey is cperating with researchers t test which apple varieties thrive under the slar rfs, and which types f slar rfs are best suited fr the rchard. T cmpare the results, sme trees are cvered with a cnventinal net nrmally used t prtect sensitive crps frm hail (冰雹).
Juergen Zimmer, an expert with the agricultural services department f Rhineland-Palatinate state, said the apples grwn under the slar rfs were slightly less sweet this year than thse under the hail nets. But hardly any f the slar-shaded apples gt damaged in the intense sunlight that hit the regin n July 24 this year, while up t 18% f the uncvered fruit suffered sunburn that day, he said. “We need at least tw t three full years t recrd all the weather cnditins that might ccur, and lk at the utput and clr that the different varieties f tree prduce,” said Zimmer.
Researchers hpe the tests will shw that tree fruit crps thrive under slar panels. This culd help prevent renewable energy prductin frm cmpeting fr precius land with agriculture — a grwing cncern fr thse seeking t tackle climate change and rising fd prices.
5．What can we knw abut the idea f putting slar panels in the rchard?
A．Trees prvide slar panels with much-needed shade.
B．Farmers grw fewer trees as slar panels cver the land.
C．Slar panels significantly decrease the utput f ripe apples.
D．The mdel makes it pssible fr farmers t make extra prfits.
6．What may happen if Nachtwey desn’t get the right mix f crp and slar?
A．He may get mre revenues.B．Slar panels may nt wrk.
C．The clr f panels may change.D．Fruit may be difficult t sell.
7．What did Juergen Zimmer find in his test?
A．A net can prtect crps frm hail.
B．Slar-shaded apples have a better taste.
C．Slar rfs shade apples frm sunburn.
D．Sunburn des mre harm t apples than hail.
8．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Slar panels cmpete with agriculture fr land.
B．A farmer tries slar rfs n an apple rchard.
C．Slar panels prvide renewable energy fr agriculture.
D．Experts fight against climate change and rising fd prices.
（2023·广西南宁·统考二模）Arund the wrld, rivers seem t be either flding r shrinking (缩小). While Pakistan’s rivers have left ne-third f that cuntry flded and millins f peple withut hmes, a drught unseen fr 500 years has left Eurpe’s majr waterways almst dry. In the United States, the Kentucky River suffered deadly flding this sunmer, while the Clrad River drpped sharply, which brught abut water distributin cuts acrss several states.
There is little disagreement abut what’s ging n. Scientists have warned fr years that ur changing climate will cause the frequency f bth rainfall and drughts t increase, making the wet wetter and the dry drier, with mre extreme impacts n rivers. The questin nw may be hw t manage thse waterways affected by climate change and, specifically, what rle dams (大坝) shuld r shuld nt play in relieving the disasters we’ve been seeing lately and will see mre f.
Advcates say water strage dams will becme mre significant which can stp water during flding and allw it ut in times f drughts. Dams, they say, can help relieve climate change by prducing clean hydrpwer (水电). “Dams and hydrpwer are fundamental t climate relief and adaptatin,” says Richard Taylr, a leading hydrpwer expert.
Nt s. Peple hlding ppsite pinins claim that dams d mre harm than gd. Their arguments have lng centered n the negative impact mst dams have n bidiversity and river ecsystems, and increasing data shw that dams actually wrsen bth flds and drughts. They als pint ut studies have shwn that lakes created by dams ften prduce far mre harmful greenhuse gases than peple previusly understd.
“Dams are thught t be a climate slutin,” says Isabella Winkler, wh c-leads Internatinal Rivers, a advcacy grup. “They have been praised as a surce f green energy but they are actually nt.” Besides, scientists warn that many existing dams use perating rules based n ld climate assumptins. New dams, experts agree, must be built fr the wrst cases.
9．Why did the authr mentin sme rivers in Paragraph 1?
A．T cmpare the rivers.B．T describe the disasters.
C．T intrduce the tpic.D．T analyze sme findings.
10．What has been a lng-existing cncern t scientists?
A．Building dams destrys the ecsystem.
B．Climate change wrsens natural disasters.
C．Hydrpwer increases the impact n disasters.
D．Waterways are in terrible cnditin widely.
11．What’s Isabella Winkler’s attitude twards building dams?
A．Dubtful.B．Psitive.C．Negative.D．Objective.
12．What is the main idea f the text?
A．The distributin f water in different areas.
B．The influence f hydrpwer n the envirnment.
C．Main causes f water shrtage all arund the wrld.
D．Different views n dams’ rle in fighting climate change.
（2023·辽宁·校联考二模）Almst a decade ag, researchers at Yale University launched a glbal database called Map f Life t track bidiversity distributins acrss the planet. Nw, the team added a new feature t the database that predicts where species currently unknwn t scientists may be hiding.
In 2018,eclgist Mari Mura f the Federal University f Paraiba in Brazil teamed up with Yale eclgist Walter Jetz, wh tk the lead in the initial creatin f the Map f Life. The pair set ut t identify where 85 percent f Earth’s undiscvered species may be. Fr tw years, the team cllected infrmatin abut 32,000 vertebrate (脊椎动物)species. Data n ppulatin size, gegraphical range, histrical discvery dates and ther bilgical characteristics were used t create a cmputer mdel that estimated where undescribed species might exist tday.
The mdel fund trpical envirnments in cuntries including Brazil, Indnesia, Madagascar, and Clmbia huse the mst undiscvered species. Smaller animals have limited ranges that may be inaccessible, making their detectin mre difficult. In cntrast, larger animals that ccupy greater gegraphic ranges are mre likely t be discvered, the researchers explain.
“It is striking t see the imprtance f trpical frests as the birthplace f discveries, stressing the urgent need t prtect trpical frests and address the need f cntrlling defrestatin rate if we want a chance t truly discver ur bidiversity,” said Mura.
The map cmes at a crucial time when Earth is facing a bidiversity crisis. It was reprted that there was a 68 percent decrease in vertebrate species ppulatins between 1970 and 2006 and a 94 percent decline in aninal ppulatins in the America’s trpical subregins.” At the current pace f glbal envirnmental change, there is n dubt that many speies will g etinet befre we have ever learned abut their existence and had the chance t cnsider their fate,’ Jetz said.
13．What can be learned abut the Map f Life?
A．It nly tracks bidiversity distributins.
B．It was initially created by Mari Mura
C．It predicts where undiscvered species minht
D．It managed t lcate 85% f the undiscvered specties.
14．Which factr makes animals easier t discver?
A．lcatinB．species.C．size.D．ppulatin.
15．What des the underlined wrd “address” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Tackle.B．Ignre.C．Maintain.D．Pstpne.
16．What can we infer frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Trpical animal ppulatins have slightly declined.
B．The Map f life is significant t prtecting bidiversity.
C．Trpical frests are the birthplace f many extinct species.
D．Many species will undubtedly g extinct even if discvered.
（2023·广西南宁·统考二模）A team f researchers at Harvard University and Emry University have created a schl f rbtic fish. They can swim by recreating the cntractins(收缩)f a pumping heart. Researchers say the experiment culd advance pacemaker(心脏起搏器)technlgy and imprve the develpment f artificial hearts fr humans.
Researchers built the zebrafish-based fish using paper, gelatin(明胶), plastic fin, and tw layers f human heart muscle cells. One ran alng the rbt’s left side, while the ther alng the right. When the muscle cells n ne side cntracted, the tail mved in that directin. This allwed the fish t swim in the water. The ppsite side’s muscle cell layer similarly stretched as a result f the actin. This stretching then sent a signal t the cells, causing them t cntract, which kept the swimming mtin ging. The researchers als created an autnmus pacing nde(节点), similar t a pacemaker, which cntrls the frequency and rhythm f these cntractins.
The fish mved autnmusly fr ver 108 days, equal t 38 millin beats, the study stated. “Because heart cells cnstantly rebuild themselves, which takes abut 20 days, the fish cells rebuild themselves abut five times,” says Kit Parker, a prfessr frm Harvard University wh led the research. The fish eventually reached speeds and swimming efficiency cmparable t wild zebrafish.
“Thugh the researchers say the fish is a step frward fr heart research, it culd be years befre it leads t the creatin f an artificial heart,” says Michael Schneider, a prfessr at Imperial Cllege Lndn, wh wasn’t invlved in the study. But that desn’t dishearten Parker. “I think ther methds will be faster than us,” says Parker. “But in the lng run, creating tissue that relies n the patient’s wn cells culd ffer unexpected benefits.”
17．What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A．Why the rbtic fish was created.B．What enabled the rbtic fish t swim.
C．Wh gt invlved in the experiment.D．Hw fast the rbtic fish culd swim.
18．Which is true abut the rbtic fish accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．They were rebuilt by human dctrs.
B．They didn’t mve as Parker expected.
C．They finally swam as fast as wild zebrafish.
D．They grew int the size f wild zebrafish.
19．What des the underlined wrd “dishearten” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Discurage.B．Surprise.C．Amuse.D．Relieve.
20．What can we learn frm the text?
A．The findings may aid in heart research.
B．The first artificial hearts have been created.
C．Parker gt n supprt frm ther scientists.
D．The researchers were upset abut the findings.
（2023·广西南宁·统考二模）If yu are t watch high-quality mvies n the g, then the fllwing nes are yur ideal ptins.
The Blind Side
The mvie fllws the stry f Michael Oher, a pr kid frm a rugh neighbrhd wh succeeds academically and discvers his talents as a ftball player after being adpted by the wealthy Tuhy family. As a result f thse skills and the lve and encuragement f the Tuhys, Oher gets int cllege and eventually makes it t the Natinal Ftball League.
Cc
The stry features a 12-year-ld by named Miguel wh is crazy abut music. On the Day f the Dead, he is accidentally transprted t the Land f the Dead. There he seeks the help f his great-great-grandfather t return him t his family amng the living and t change his family’s ban n music. With themes f perseverance, teamwrk, and lve, the film inspires audiences t appreciate their family and always fllw their dreams.
Wnder
Wnder tells a stry f a by named Auggie, wh was brn with Treacher Cllins syndrme(特雷彻·柯林斯综合征); he has gne thrugh 27 surgeries since birth. After years f hme-schling, Auggie is sent t a regular schl by his Mm. He faces all types f prblems. Hwever. Auggie is a tugh-minded and intelligent persn, and with lve frm his family and friends, he finally manages t gain acceptance by mst f his schlmates and ther peple in the cmmunity.
21．Wh is talented in sprts?
A．Michael Oher.B．The Tuhys.C．Miguel.D．Auggie.
22．What d we learn abut Miguel?
A．He asks his great-grandfather fr help.B．He plans t visit the Land f the Dead.
C．He accepts his family’s ban n music.D．He is a by shwing passin fr music.
23．What d the three mvies have in cmmn?
A．They are abut three bys’ schlwrk.B．They tell inspiring stries full f lve.
C．They fcus n the life f adpted kids.D．They shw the imprtance f teamwrk.
（2023·江西南昌·统考二模）An analysis f 5.4 grammes f stnes and dust that a Japanese Hayabusa-2 spacecraft gathered frm Ryugu, an asterid (小行星) near Earth, has discvered a surprising cmpnent: a drp f water. The discvery ffers new supprt fr the thery that life n Earth may have riginated frm uter space.
Hayabusa-2 was launched in 2014 n its missin t Ryugu, and returned t Earth’s rbit tw years ag t drp ff a capsule cntaining the sample. The sample has been divided amng different scientific teams t maximize the chance f new discveries. The precius carg has already prduced several results, including rganic materials that shwed sme f the building blcks f life n Earth, amin acids, may have been frmed in space.
The lead scientist, Tmki Nakamura f Thku University and his team, which is made up f abut 150 researchers frm the US, Britain, France, Italy and China, als analyzed the sample frm Ryugu. The team’s latest discvery was a drp f water cntaining salt and rganic matter. “This drp f water has great meaning. Many researchers believe that water was brught frm uter space, but we actually discvered water in Ryugu fr the first time,” Nakamura said.
That blsters the thery that asterids such as Ryugu, r its larger parent asterid, culd have prvided water, which cntains salt and rganic matter in cllisins(碰撞) with Earth. “Such discvery may have been directly linked t the rigin f the ceans r rganic matter n Earth,” Nakamura said.
Kensei Kbayashi, a scientist wh is nt part f the research grup, applauded the discvery. “The fact that water was discvered in the sample itself is surprising, given the chances f it being destryed in uter space. It des suggest that the asterid cntained water, in the frm f fluid and nt just ice, and rganic matter may have been generated in that water,” Kbayashi said.
24．What did Nakamura’s team find lately?
A．Ryugu mves near the earth.
B．Ryugu accmmdates fluid water.
C．Organic matter exists in sample water.
D．Amin acids cme int being in space.
25．What des the underlined wrd “blsters” prbably mean?
A．Supprts.B．Dubts.C．Advances.D．Tests.
26．What is the significance f the discvery?
A．It draws attentin t amin acids.B．It prves the missin t Ryugu a success.
C．It ffers clues t rigins f life n Earth.D．It prmises a bright future fr space explratin.
27．What is Kbayashi’ s attitude tward the finding?
A．Critical.B．Skeptical.C．Objective.D．Favrable.
（2023·河北·校联考模拟预测）On January 22, a massive iceberg brke ff frm Antarctica’s (南极洲的) Brunt Ice Shelf. Scientists say the iceberg was expected t break ff and the event isn’t cnnected t climate change. But the size f the iceberg is hard t imagine. This iceberg cvers an area f abut 600 square miles. That’s abut twice the size f New Yrk City.
Antarctica is cvered with a layer f ice and snw that’s rughly 1.2 miles thick. As snwfalls, it piles up in the center f Antarctica in a huge layer f ice. Overtime, the weight f this ice and snw creates slwly mving rivers f ice called glaciers, which push ut tward the sea.
When the glaciers reach these a，they slwly push ut beynd the edge f the land, frming huge“ice shelves”. These are massive sectins f ice that spread ut ver these a, flating n the water belw. Frm time t time, the edges f the ice shelves break ff. This is a natural prcess, called “calving (冰裂作用)”. Thugh calving events area nrmal part f the ice shelf in Antarctica, ne expert describes huge calving events like this are “quite rare and exciting”.
This is the secnd time in tw years that a huge iceberg has calved frm the Brunt Ice Shelf. Thugh this calving event had nthing t d with the climate crisis, the wrld’s rising temperatures are definitely affecting Antarctica’s sea ice.
Unlike a nice shelf, sea ice isn’t attached t Antarctica’s land. It’s a layer f ice that flats n the surface f these a. The sea ice is there year-rund. It grws larger in the cld winters, and smaller as it begins t melt in the summers. It’s nw summer in Antarctica, and scientists say the sea ice is disappearing “unusually” rapidly. Last year, with temperatures warmer than nrmal, Antarctica set a recrd fr the lwest amunt f sea ice ever recrded. Scientists say Antarctica’s sea ice culd set a new recrd lw again this year.
28．What des the authr intend t tell us in paragraph 2?
A．Hw bad the temperature in Antarctic is.
B．Hw slwly-mving glaciers are frmed.
C．Why s much snw and ice are in Antarctic.
D．What causes the glaciers t mve slwly.
29．What des a specialist think f this calving event?
A．Unpredictable.B．Incredible.C．Disastrus.D．Beneficial.
30．What can we infer abut the Antarctica sea ice frm the last paragraph?
A．It is fixed n Antarctica’s land.B．N seasn can change its size.
C．Scientists wrry abut its size.D．It will return t nrmal next year.
31．What can be the best title f this text?
A．It’s Urgent t Prtect AntarcticaB．The Climate in Antarctica Is Warmer
C．Massive Iceberg Breaks Frm AntarcticaD．Antarctica’s Sea Ice Grws Larger in Summer
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究结果，该研究表明科学家们可以克服粒子辐射的威胁，帮助人类进行火星旅游。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Answering tw key questins wuld g a lng way tward vercming that: Wuld particle radiatin pse t serius a threat t human life thrughut a rund trip t the red planet? And, culd the very timing f a missin t Mars help prtect astrnauts frm the radiatin?(回答两个关键问题将大大有助于克服这一问题：粒子辐射是否会在人类往返火星的过程中对生命构成太严重的威胁？而且，火星任务的时机是否有助于保护宇航员免受辐射？)”可知，这两个问题的解决和是否能够保护宇航员免受粒子辐射相关。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“And the timing f a human missin t Mars wuld indeed make a difference: The scientists determined that the best time fr a flight t leave Earth wuld be when slar activity is at its peak, because the mst dangerus and energetic particles frm distant galaxies are deflected (偏移) during slar maximum.(而且，人类登陆火星的时间确实会产生影响：科学家们确定，离开地球的最佳时间是太阳活动最活跃的时候，因为来自遥远星系的最危险、最具能量的粒子会在太阳活动极大期发生偏转。)”可知，太阳活动的活跃程度决定了人类何时飞往火星。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一段“Imaginably, the average flight t Mars takes abut nine mnths, s it is reasnable that a human missin culd reach the planet and return t Earth in less than tw years, accrding t Yuri Shprits, a UCLA research gephysicist and c-authr f the paper.(据加州大学洛杉矶分校的地球物理学家、该论文的合著者Yuri Shprits说，可以想象，飞往火星的平均时间约为9个月，因此人类在不到两年的时间内到达火星并返回地球是合理的。)”可知，Yuri Shprits认为飞往火星并返回地球是合理的。再根据划线单词前一句“This study shws that althugh space radiatin impses(追使)strict limitatins n hw heavy the spacecraft can be and the time f launch, and it presents technlgical difficulties fr human missins t Mars,(这项研究表明，尽管空间辐射对航天器的重量和发射时间施加了严格的限制，并且给人类的火星任务带来了技术上的困难，)”中的“thugh”可知，主从句之间存在转折关系，上文说的是火星任务的困难，那么所在句指的应该是尽管困难重重，任务还是可行的。选项A“Challenging (具有挑战性的)”；选项B“Wrkable (可行的)”；选项C“Rewarding (值得的)”；选项D“Affrdable(承担的起的)”。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sending human travelers t Mars wuld require scientists and engineers t vercme a range f technlgical and safety bstacles. One f them is the enrmus risk psed by particle radiatin frm the sun, distant stars and galaxies.(将人类旅行者送往火星需要科学家和工程师克服一系列技术和安全障碍。其中之一是来自太阳、遥远恒星和星系的粒子辐射带来的巨大风险。)”可知，人类的火星之旅困难之一就是粒子辐射；而根据最后一段““This study shws that althugh space radiatin impses(追使)strict limitatins n hw heavy the spacecraft can be and the time f launch, and it presents technlgical difficulties fr human missins t Mars, such a missin is viable,” said Shprits, wh als is head f space physics and space weather at GFZ Research Centre fr Gesciences in Ptsdam, Germany.(“这项研究表明，尽管空间辐射对航天器的重量和发射时间施加了严格的限制，并且给人类的火星任务带来了技术上的困难，但这样的任务是可行的，” Shprits说，他也是德国波茨坦GFZ地球科学研究中心的空间物理和空间气象负责人。)”可知，科研人员认为这些困难是可以克服的。所以本文主要内容就是讨论粒子辐射是否会成为人类通往火星的障碍。“Particle Radiatin, an Obstacle t Mars?( 粒子辐射是通往火星的障碍?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
5．D 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位德国果农在果园里安装太阳能板，既为苹果提供了遮阴从而不被太阳晒伤，又增加了额外的收入。这一新的农业和新能源结合的实践正在兴起中，研究人员也在检测其效果。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But Nachtwey’s farm is als btaining a secnd harvest: Many f the apple trees grw beneath slar panels that have been prducing electricity, while prviding the fruit belw with much-needed shade.（但Nachtwey的农场有了第二次收获：许多苹果树在太阳能电池板下生长，太阳能电池板一直在发电，同时为下面的水果提供了急需的阴凉。）”和第二段中“Large-scale slar installatins n farmland are becming increasingly ppular, as farmers seek t make the mst f their land and establish a secnd surce f revenue (收益).（随着农民寻求最大限度地利用他们的土地并建立第二个收入来源，在农田上安装大规模太阳能装置正变得越来越受欢迎。）”可知，在果园中安装太阳能板能让农民获得额外的收入。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But hardly any f the slar-shaded apples gt damaged in the intense sunlight that hit the regin n July 24 this year, while up t 18% f the uncvered fruit suffered sunburn that day, he said.（他说，但是在今年7月24日袭击该地区的强烈阳光下，几乎没有一个遮阳苹果受损，而当天多达18%的未遮阳苹果被晒伤。）”可知，如果Nachtwey没有在果园中安装太阳能板的话，果园里的苹果很有可能会被晒伤，以至于很难售卖出去。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But hardly any f the slar-shaded apples gt damaged in the intense sunlight that hit the regin n July 24 this year, while up t 18% f the uncvered fruit suffered sunburn that day, he said.（他说，但是在今年7月24日袭击该地区的强烈阳光下，几乎没有一个遮阳苹果受损，而当天多达18%的未遮阳苹果被晒伤。）”可知，Juergen Zimmer的测试结果表明太阳能板能保护苹果不被太阳晒伤。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一位德国果农在果园里安装太阳能板，既为苹果提供了遮阴从而不被太阳晒伤，又增加了额外的收入，因此B项“一位果农在苹果园中尝试太阳能屋顶”可概括文章大意。故选B。
9．C 10．B 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。对于是否在受到气候变化严重影响的河流上建造水坝，科学家们的意见不一，支持的一方认为修建水坝可以缓解气候变化，反对的一方认为修建水坝会破坏生态系统且加剧气候变化。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Arund the wrld, rivers seem t be either flding r shrinking (缩小). While Pakistan’s rivers have left ne-third f that cuntry flded and millins f peple withut hmes, a drught unseen fr 500 years has left Eurpe’s majr waterways almst dry. In the United States, the Kentucky River suffered deadly flding this sunmer, while the Clrad River drpped sharply, which brught abut water distributin cuts acrss several states.(在世界范围内，河流要么泛滥，要么萎缩。巴基斯坦的河流使该国三分之一的土地被洪水淹没，数百万人无家可归，与此同时，一场500年未遇的干旱使欧洲的主要水道几乎干涸。在美国，肯塔基河今年夏天遭受了致命的洪水，而科罗拉多河的水位急剧下降，导致几个州的供水中断)”可知，本段提到多条河流或发洪灾或干旱，或水位急剧下降，目的是为了引出话题：为应对该问题，专家们对修建水坝持不同看法。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is little disagreement abut what’s ging n. Scientists have warned fr years that ur changing climate will cause the frequency f bth rainfall and drughts t increase, making the wet wetter and the dry drier, with mre extreme impacts n rivers.(人们对正在发生的事情几乎没有分歧。多年来，科学家们一直警告说，不断变化的气候将导致降雨和干旱的频率增加，使潮湿的地方更潮湿，干燥的地方更干燥，对河流产生更极端的影响)”可知，气候变化加剧了自然灾害，这是科学家们长期以来的担忧。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Isabella Winkler的话“They have been praised as a surce f green energy but they are actually nt.(它们被誉为绿色能源的一种来源，但实际上并非如此)”可知，Isabella Winkler认为水坝并不是解决气候问题的方法，无法带来绿色能源。因此，Isabella Winkler对建设水坝持否定态度。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前两段介绍了气候变化使洪涝和干旱灾害频发，并提出了科学家们争论的焦点：水坝的作用，第三段介绍了支持者的观点，第四、五段主要介绍了反对者的看法。由此可知，本文主要呈现的是科学家们对修建水坝是否对气候变化起作用的不同观点。故选D。
13．C 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一个名为“生命地图”的全球数据库跟踪生物多样性分布，并预测科学家目前未知的物种可能隐藏在哪里。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Nw, the team added a new feature t the database that predicts where species currently unknwn t scientists may be hiding. (现在，该团队在数据库中添加了一个新功能，可以预测科学家目前未知的物种可能隐藏在哪里。)”可知，“生命地图”可以预测未被发现的物种在哪里生存。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Smaller animals have limited ranges that may be inaccessible, making their detectin mre difficult. In cntrast, larger animals that ccupy greater gegraphic ranges are mre likely t be discvered, the researchers explain. (较小的动物的活动范围有限，可能无法被发现，这使得它们的探测更加困难。研究人员解释说，相比之下，占据更大地理范围的大型动物更有可能被发现。)”可知，动物的大小使动物更容易被发现。故选C。
15．词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“t is striking t see the imprtance f trpical frests as the birthplace f discveries, stressing the urgent need t prtect trpical frests (热带森林作为发现的发源地的重要性令人震惊，强调了保护热带森林的迫切需要)”和后半句“if we want a chance t truly discver ur bidiversity, (如果我们想有机会真正发现生物多样性，)”可知，要发现生物多样性，就需要保护热带森林并解决控制森林砍伐率的问题。所以划线词address为“处理，解决”之意。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据最后两段，尤其最后一段“The map cmes at a crucial time when Earth is facing a bidiversity crisis. (这张地图的发布正值地球面临生物多样性危机的关键时刻。)”可推断，生命地图对保护生物多样性很重要。故选B。
17．B 18．C 19．A 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈佛大学的科学家们设计了一群能自主游动的“鱼”。研究人员表示，这项实验可以推进心脏起搏器技术。
17．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段内容“Researchers built the zebrafish-based fish using paper, gelatin(明胶), plastic fin, and tw layers f human heart muscle cells. One ran alng the rbt’s left side, while the ther alng the right. …The researchers als created an autnmus pacing nde(节点), similar t a pacemaker, which cntrls the frequency and rhythm f these cntractins.( 研究人员用纸、明胶、塑料鳍和两层人类心肌细胞制作了以斑马鱼为基础的鱼。一个沿着机器人的左边跑，另一个沿着机器人的右边跑。当一侧的肌肉细胞收缩时，尾巴就向那个方向移动。这使得鱼可以在水里游泳。另一侧的肌肉细胞层也同样受到拉伸。这种拉伸会向细胞发送信号，导致它们收缩，从而保持游泳运动的进行。研究人员还创造了一个自主起搏节点，类似于起搏器，可以控制这些收缩的频率和节奏。)”可知，第二段介绍了研究人员用纸、明胶、两层心脏肌肉组织来设计了“鱼”，以及如何通过一边的收缩导致另一边的肌肉伸展让“鱼”能自由游动。故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“The fish eventually reached speeds and swimming efficiency cmparable t wild zebrafish.(这种鱼最终达到了与野生斑马鱼相当的速度和游泳效率。)”可知，这种鱼最终游的和野生斑马鱼一样快。故选C项。
19．词义猜测题。根据最后一段Michael Schneider所说的话““Thugh the researchers say the fish is a step frward fr heart research, it culd be years befre it leads t the creatin f an artificial heart,”(“尽管研究人员说，这种鱼是心脏研究的一个进步，但它可能需要几年的时间才能导致人造心脏的产生。”)”以及Parker说的话“But in the lng run, creating tissue that relies n the patient’s wn cells culd ffer unexpected benefits.(但从长远来看，依靠患者自身细胞创造组织可能会带来意想不到的好处。)”可知，Michael Schneider 所说的话并没有让Parker感到沮丧，相反，他觉得长远来看会有意想不到的好处。由此可推知，dishearten意为“使沮丧”。故选A项。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Researchers say the experiment culd advance pacemaker technlgy and imprve the develpment f artificial hearts fr humans.(研究人员表示，这项实验可以推动起搏器技术的发展，并促进人类人工心脏的发展。)”可知，这一发现可能有助于心脏研究。故选A项。
21．A 22．D 23．B
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了三部高质量的好电影。
21．细节理解题。根据第一部电影 The Blind Side的“The mvie fllws the stry f Michael Oher, a pr kid frm a rugh neighbrhd wh succeeds academically and discvers his talents as a ftball player after being adpted by the wealthy Tuhy family. 这部电影讲述了迈克尔·奥赫的故事，他是一个来自贫困社区的穷孩子，在学业上取得了成功，并在被富裕的图伊家族收养后发现了自己作为一名足球运动员的天赋。)可知，Michael Oher 是一位很有运动天赋的人。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二部电影Cc中第一句“The stry features a 12-year-ld by named Miguel wh is crazy abut music.(这个故事讲述了一个12岁的男孩米格尔，他对音乐很着迷。)”可知，Miguel酷爱音乐。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。在第一部电影中，Michael Oher 经过努力，在家人的爱与鼓励下，最终进入全美橄榄球联盟 。在第二部电影中，Miguel 因为坚持且有了家人的爱，最终实现了自己的梦想。在第三部电影中，Auggie在家人和朋友的爱与关怀下，最终获得认可。由此可知，三部电影都在讲述充满爱的励志故事。故选B项。
24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本隼鸟2号宇宙飞船从地球附近的小行星龙宫(Ryugu)收集了5.4克的石头和尘埃，对这些石头和尘埃的分析发现了一个令人惊讶的成分：一滴水。这一发现为地球上的生命可能起源于外太空的理论提供了新的支持。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This drp f water has great meaning. Many researchers believe that water was brught frm uter space, but we actually discvered water in Ryugu fr the first time,” Nakamura said.”（“这滴水意义重大。许多研究人员认为水是从外太空带来的，但实际上我们是第一次在龙宫发现水。”）可知，中村的团队最近的新发现是龙宫可以容纳液体水。故选B项。
25．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Many researchers believe that water was brught frm uter space, but we actually discvered water in Ryugu fr the first time,” Nakamura said.”（许多研究人员认为水是从外太空带来的，但实际上我们是第一次在龙宫发现水。）以及第四段中“…the thery that asterids such as Ryugu, r its larger parent asterid, culd have prvided water, which cntains salt and rganic matter in cllisins(碰撞) with Earth.”（即像龙宫这样的小行星，或它更大的母小行星，可能在与地球碰撞时提供了含有盐和有机物的水。）故可猜测，划线单词blsters为“支持，支撑”的意思，结合选项A项Supprts“支持”意思一致。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The discvery ffers new supprt fr the thery that life n Earth may have riginated frm uter space.”（这一发现为地球上的生命可能起源于外太空的理论提供了新的支持。）可知，这一发现的意义是它为地球生命的起源提供了线索。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Kensei Kbayashi, a scientist wh is nt part f the research grup, applauded the discvery.”（不是研究小组成员的科学家Kensei Kbayashi对这一发现表示赞赏。）可推知，Kbayashi对这一发现的态度是支持，赞赏的。故选D项。
28．B 29．B 30．C 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章结合最近发生的一次冰山崩塌介绍了有关南极冰川和海冰的知识。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Antarctica is cvered with a layer f ice and snw that’s rughly 1.2 miles thick. As snwfalls, it piles up in the center f Antarctica in a huge layer f ice. Overtime, the weight f this ice and snw creates slwly mving rivers f ice called glaciers, which push ut tward the sea.(南极洲覆盖着一层大约1.2英里厚的冰雪。当降雪时，它会在南极洲的中心堆积成一层巨大的冰。随着时间的推移，这些冰雪的重量形成了缓慢移动的冰河，被称为冰川，它们向大海推进)”可推知，作者打算在第二段中告诉我们缓慢移动的冰川是如何形成的。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thugh calving events area nrmal part f the ice shelf in Antarctica, ne expert describes huge calving events like this are “quite rare and exciting”.(尽管冰裂事件是南极洲冰架的正常部分，但一位专家称，像这样的大型冰裂事件“相当罕见和令人兴奋”)”可推知，一位专家认为这次冰裂事件是不可思议的。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Last year, with temperatures warmer than nrmal, Antarctica set a recrd fr the lwest amunt f sea ice ever recrded. Scientists say Antarctica’s sea ice culd set a new recrd lw again this year.(去年，由于气温高于正常水平，南极洲创下了有史以来海冰最少的记录。科学家表示，今年南极洲的海冰可能再次创下历史新低)”可推知，科学家担心海冰的量会继续减少。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“On January 22, a massive iceberg brke ff frm Antarctica’s (南极洲的) Brunt Ice Shelf.(1月22日，一座巨大的冰山从南极洲的布伦特冰架上断裂)”可知，本文主要介绍南极最近一次的巨大冰山脱落事件。由此可知，Massive Iceberg Breaks Frm Antarctica(巨大的冰山从南极洲断裂)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。