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北师大版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第3册UNIT9 HUMAN BIOLOGY课时学案
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这是一份北师大版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第3册UNIT9 HUMAN BIOLOGY课时学案，共17页。
1 capability n．[课本义](完成困难事情的)能力，才能[增补义](国家的)军事力量
①He's quite capable f lying t get ut f truble.
②He was fund lying in the rad，drunk and incapable(capable)．
The main purpse f freign students learning Chinese is t be capable f cmmunicating in Chinese(能够运用中文进行交流)．
◎have the capability t d sth./f ding sth.有做某事的能力
◎capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的
be capable f有能力……
◎incapable adj.没有能力(做某事)；不能自理的
have the capability f becming an excellent teacher有能力成为一名出色的教师
2 participant n．参加者，参与者
①Mre than 400 children participated in the cleanup f the park.
②A back injury prevented active participatin(participate) in any sprts fr a while.
(普通表达)We encurage students t take part in the running f the cllege.
(高级表达)We encurage students t participate in the running f the cllege.
◎participate vi.参加
participate in参加
participate in (ding)sth.with sb.
同某人一起参加(做)某事
◎participatin n．参加，参与
be an active participant成为积极的参与者
participate in the discussin actively积极参与这次讨论
3 identical adj.完全相同的，同一的
①The new bridge is almst identical t the ld ne.
②The bdies were identified as thse f tw suspected drug dealers.
③The identificatin(identify)f the crash victims was a lng and difficult task.
There n the bk's cver was a beagle which lked identical t my dg (它和我的狗看起来一模一样)．
◎be identical t和……一致
◎identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别
identify A with B 视A与B相等
be identified as被认出是……
◎identificatin n．认出；鉴定；密切关联
a rw f identical huses一排完全相同的房子
a dress almst identical t mine一条和我的几乎一模一样的连衣裙
4 lcate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
①The mment we've learned that an art exhibitin is t be held and that yu're cllecting suggestins n its lcatin (lcate)，we all came t life.
②Lcated (lcate) in the central district，the Xi'an Htel ffers the best service with the lwest price.
Xiamen University，lcated n a beautiful island(坐落在一个美丽的小岛上)，has a wnderful envirnment and charming scenery.
◎lcated adj.位于
be lcated in＝be situated in位于；坐落于
lie in位于
◎lcatin n．位置；地点
be largely lcated in the desert大部分位于沙漠中
find a cnvenient lcatin fr these bkshelves找一个合适的地方放这些书架
be beautifully situated in a quiet spt near the river坐落在河边一个环境优美、僻静的地方
5 cmparisn n．[课本义]比较[增补义]对比，相比
①Our wrk can be cmpared t a battle.
②The pet cmpared the stream t the surce f life.
③The lveliness f the scene was beynd cmpare.
①Cmpared t/with western music (与西方音乐相比)，I prefer eastern music，because it is much sfter.
②In cmparisn with ther students(和其他学生相比)，Mike is mre diligent.
◎by cmparisn 比较起来；相比之下
in cmparisn (with sb./sth.)(与……)相比较
◎cmpare v．比较；对比
(be)cmpared t/with...和……相比
把……和……比较；
把……比作……
把……和……比较
◎withut/beynd cmpare无与伦比(cmpare用作名词)
make a cmparisn with ther bks和其他书相比
cmpare sleep t death将睡眠比作死亡
6 treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式
①My mther is strngly ppsed t my father treating me t junk fd.
②I appeal t all the peple t treat(treat) the disabled with respect because all are brn equal.
③All f the patients were under treatment(treat) fr chrnic depressin.
Mary was angry at being treated like a child(被当作孩子对待)．
◎under treatment在治疗中
◎treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待
把……看作……；把……视为……
treat 用……招待/款待某人
receive treatment fr shck 接受休克治疗
treat peple with respect 对人尊敬
treat him t lunch 请他吃午饭
7 cntain vt.[课本义]包含，容纳，装盛[增补义]克制；抑制(感情等)；防止……蔓延(或恶化)
①The class experiment that day was t shw hw heating a cntainer(cntain) f water wuld bring air bubbling t the surface.
②When taking up the prize，the yung participant culdn't cntain himself(him) fr jy，grinning frm ear t ear.
Unable t cntain his anger(无法克制他的愤怒)，he turned arund and rared angrily，“Wh n earth did it？”,
◎cntain ne's anger/disappintment/curisity/feelings克制愤怒/失望/好奇/情感
cntain neself控制自己；自制
◎cntainer n．容器；集装箱；货柜
culdn't cntain neself无法克制自己
unable t cntain her anger无法克制她的愤怒
hardly cntain my curisity几乎无法克制我的好奇心
8 ppsed adj.相反的；反对，不赞成
①Hwever，many parents ppse separating (separate) students int science and art.
②Sme students are ppsed (ppse) t the decisin and think that it will limit their freedm.
With all f my friends ppsed t my plan(我所有的朋友都反对我的计划)，I culdn't resist sbbing sadly.
◎ppse vt.反对；抵制；阻挠
ppse sth./ding sth.反对(做)某事
◎be ppsed t (ding) sth.反对(做)某事
◎ppsitin n．反对；对立
remain fundamentally ppsed t the plan依然从根本上反对这项计划
strngly ppsed her ging there alne极力反对她独自去那个地方
9 bury vt.[课本义]埋葬，安葬；埋藏[增补义]使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
①The physicist was whlly buried(bury) in calculating a prblem s that he frgt his lunch.
②Burying(bury) his face in his hands，the reprter tried t cntrl his weeping.
她埋头看书，不知道外面在下雪。
①Buried in her bks，she was nt aware it was snwing utside.(过去分词短语作状语)
②Burying herself in her bks，she was nt aware it was snwing utside.(动词ing形式短语作状语),
把……埋到……；使……沉浸于……
bury neself in (ding)...埋头于/专心于……
be buried in专心于
bury ne's face in ne's hands双手掩面
bury the ld wrld and build a new ne忘却曾经，缔造未来
buried his head in his newspaper 专心致志地看他的报纸
10 get thrugh 度过；用完；完成；接通电话；获得批准；考试通过
①Hw wuld they get ver that prblem，he wndered?
②Once yu want t d smething，yu must get dwn t ding (d) it well.
A smile can help us (t) get thrugh difficult situatins (渡过难关) and find friends in a wrld f strangers.
get sth.acrss使被理解
get alng/n with进展；与……相处
get dwn t (ding) sth.开始认真做某事
get ver克服
get thrugh the winter熬过这个冬天
get thrugh t her 接通她的电话
get thrugh an entrance examinatin通过入学考试
11 result in 导致，引起
①The fire resulted in eleven peple being killed and the destructin f the factry.
②His illness mainly resulted frm eating bad fd.
③He was injured as a result f a traffic accident.
Hard wrk resulted in his success.
→His success resulted frm hard wrk.
◎result frm 意为“由于……而造成后果”，后接导致某事的原因；result in意为“引起；导致”，后接导致某事的结果。
◎as a result意为“结果，因此”，后面跟句子。
as a result f...意为“因为；由于；作为……的结果”，后面跟名词或代词。
result in excellent grades取得优异成绩
injuries resulting frm a fall因摔倒而受的伤
12 [教材原句]They can be caused by several different factrs，such as a virus being carried int an area，r changes in the way peple live...它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变……
①The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.
②And yu shuld keep it in mind that cmparing ntes with yur classmates frequently is a gd way t imprve (imprve)yur study.
Can yu tell me the way(in which/that)yu slved the prblem(你解决这个问题的方法)？,
◎way后跟定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that/which，作宾语时可以省略，如果关系词在从句中作状语则用that/in which或省略。
◎way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可以跟不定式或f ding sth.的形式。
At any time，the way in which we deal with prblems shuld nt harm the interests f thers.无论什么时候，我们用来处理问题的方法都不应该损害别人的利益。
13 [教材原句]Scientists nw estimate that up t 50% f the area's ppulatin died frm the epidemic，making it ne f the main causes f the fall f the Rman Empire.现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。
①Dan made a break fr his car nly t find(find) the driver's dr lcked.
②He drpped the glass，breaking(break)it int pieces.
I rushed t the statin in a hurry，nly t find the train had already gne(不料火车已经开走了)．
动词ing形式短语作状语表示结果，一般表示意料之中的结果。不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示事先未曾预料到的情况或结果，有时不定式前用nly，以加强“意想不到”的语气。
I explained a lt t her，nly t get the misunderstanding deeper and deeper.我向她解释了许多，结果却使误会变得越来越深。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．As a matter f fact，Beijing Opera cntains (cntain) the sul f Chinese natinal culture.
2．Animals in the z have lst the capability t catch (catch) fd fr themselves.
3．She hurried t the party，nly t find (find) that they had gne.
4．Buried(bury) in writing a science fictin，she didn't realize it began t rain utside.
5．Culture is imprtant but by cmparisn (cmpare) f military histry it's bring.
6．Many peple ppsed building (build) a new highway because f the great cst.
7．She saw n a table an album cntaining (cntain) pictures f Edward at ages.
8．Fntbnne is a liberal arts cllege，lcated(lcate)in a residential suburb f St.Luis.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．It struck me that I culd treat the girl t an absrbing drama in return fr her help.
2．I think bth sexes are equally capable f lking after children.
3．I tried t call yu last Sunday but I culdn't get thrugh anyhw.
4．My mther was buried in reading a nvel withut nticing me cme in.
5．Mst crashes result frm humans and nt mechanical faults.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．In spite f the icy cld weather，my mther is the first t get (get) up t prepare breakfast.
2．We can predict changes with a surprising degree f accuracy (accurate)．
3．Mthers are ften the nes wh prvide emtinal (emtin) supprt fr the family.
4．I knw that this draft text will need editing/t be edited (edit)．
5．The prisner has certainly justified(justify) his claims by his actins.
6．Much f the meaning must be inferred (infer) frm the cntext.
7．The plice think the videtape may hld sme vital clues (clue) t the identity f the killer.
8．She deals with all the crrespndence(crrespnd)prmptly and efficiently.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．I suspect the scalled pet f cpying thers' pems but I have n slid evidence.
2．He was arrested n charges f crruptin and abuse f pwer.
3．Yu can have the equipment n trial，and if yu dn't like it yu can give it back.
4．Maybe a lt f peple dn't knw the fact that whales are classified as mammals.
5．She was suspected f having links with a dissident grup.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Class activities will vary frm day t day，but students must be ready t cmplete shrt inclass writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin，s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class.B
A．绘画 B．抽取 C．吸引
2．(2020·天津卷)Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw？A
A．(为画像、摄影等)摆姿势 B．引起
C．提问
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The lckers are lcated in Building 1 near the Infrmatin Desk and in Building 3.B
A．找出……的准确位置 B．位于
C．创办于(某地)
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并将句子翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·全国甲卷)The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry，the mre cmfrtable yu'll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
本句使用了比较级的特殊句型，the mre...，the mre...“越……就越……”。
[尝试翻译]你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，你就越能适应它的外国文化习俗。
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Additinally，frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme，bth f which will be graded.
本句是一个主从复合句。主句部分主语是Ⅰ，谓语是will assign，宾语是grup wrk r shrt assignments，并列的动词不定式短语t be cmpleted in class和t be cmpleted at hme作后置定语，修饰grup wrk和shrt assignments。其后紧跟一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。bth f which 指代grup wrk 和shrt assignments。
[尝试翻译]此外，我还会不时地布置在课堂上完成的小组作业或在家里完成的简短作业，这些作业都会被评分。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
There are several factrs that cause an epidemic，which has a 1.lwer (lw) baseline than the flu.The first bird flu，a mdern 2.adaptatin(adapt)f the 1918 Spanish Flu，appeared in 1997，3.which has taken mre than ne hundred lives.In the 1330s，the Black Death brke ut in Asia，4.knwn(knw) as “The Black Death”，because ne visible symptm was black spts 5.n the bdy.The Spanish Flu happened in 1918.As a result f the war，mre peple were travelling and mving，which made it spread wrldwide，6.killing(kill)up t 50 millin peple.SARS began in 2002 in Guangdng Prvince and then spread t Canada，Vietnam and Singapre.Abut 8，000 peple 7.were infected(infect)．The utbreak f EVD in West Africa resulted 8.in 11，310 deaths.It was extremely 9.infectius(infect) and the survival rate was lw.
Gvernments in the wrld want thrugh and systematic medical research n epidemics.Cuntries will need t wrk tgether 10.t fight (fight) epidemics.
Step 1.要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①克隆羊多莉是第一只成功克隆的动物。
A sheep called Dlly was the first successfully clned animal.
②科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛等。
Mre than 20 mammal species have been clned by scientists，including camels，cattle and s n．
③2018年，致力于灵长类克隆的中国科学家宣布他们克隆了两只猴子。
In 2018，Chinese scientists，wh were devted t the clning f primates，annunced that they had clned tw mnkeys.
④与其他的物种相比，他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。
In cmparisn with ther species，scientists have had t wrk hard t break the technical barrier t make cntributins t medical research and human health.
⑤科学家们说这个大的突破有助于使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。
Scientists say that this majr breakthrugh culd help prduce mre accurate results and lead t mre effective treatments．
⑥尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧并担心该技术可能会被某些组织滥用。
While sme peple believe clning is crucial fr scientific advancement，thers raise ethical cncerns and wrry that the technlgy might be abused by sme rganisatins.
Step 2.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
A sheep called Dlly was the first successfully clned animal.After Dlly，mre than 20 mammal species have been clned by scientists，including camels，cattle and s n.In 2018，Chinese scientists，wh were devted t the clning f primates，annunced that they had clned tw mnkeys.In cmparisn with ther species，scientists have had t wrk hard t break the technical barrier t make cntributins t medical research and human health.But scientists say that this majr breakthrugh culd help prduce mre accurate results and lead t mre effective treatments.While sme peple believe clning is crucial fr scientific advancement，thers raise ethical cncerns and wrry that the technlgy might be abused by sme rganisatins.
Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2.尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
我原认为我父亲从来不知道如何控制自己。一天，我沿着河边回家，这和我经常走的那条路平行。我父亲对我大喊大叫。我不知道我是怎么激怒他的。我的脸埋在手里，开始哭了起来。后来，我被告知，在那之前几天有一个孩子在那条河里淹死了。我终于明白了他严厉的爱。
I thught my father never knew hw t cntain himself.One day，I went hme alng a river，which was parallel t the rad I used t walk.My father shuted at me ludly.I didn't knw hw I prvked his anger.Burying my face in my hands，I began t cry.Later，I was tld that a child gt drwned in the river several days befre that.I finally understd his tugh lve.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1.(行为描写)(2022·济宁市模拟)I strmed int my bedrm，anger munting up within me.
2.(心理描写)(2022·阜新市模拟)S many thughts were rushing thrugh my mind that I culd nt think straight.
3.(人物描写)(2022·浙大附中模拟)The little girl was maybe five r six with a pair f sparkling blue eyes.
(2022·湖北省四校联考)Hw culd I face being in that grup—the by wh barely spke English，the ne girl wh was always cvered by skirts that went dwn t her ankles，and the ther girl wh was ften wearing very strange and unusual clthes with fancy items.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护
2.innvate vi.&vt.革新，创新，改革
3.artificially adv.人为地，虚假地
4.reprductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
5.barrier n．障碍，壁垒
6.crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
7.bund adj.很有可能，肯定会
8.abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待
9.cntain vt.包含，容纳，装盛
10.variatin n．变化物，变体；差异，变动
11.phenmenn n．现象
12.estimate vt.&n.估计，估算
13.bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
14.calculate vt.计算，核算
15.differ vi.不同，不一样；有异意
16.symblically adv.象征地，象征性地
1.The bject f these experiments was t find the cnnectin，if any，between the tw phenmena(phenmenn).
2.I think yu have made an errr in calculating (calculate) the ttal.
3.It is estimated (estimate) that the meeting will last fur days.
4.She always has her head buried (bury) in a bk.
5.These manmade barriers (barrier) will ensure a very high degree f prtectin.
6.Her success had justified (justify)the faith her teachers had put in her.
7.He lked at me fr a mment，and then wrte a sentence cntaining(cntain) the best advice I've ever had.
8.Things in the wrld differ(different) frm each ther in a thusand ways.
9.Yu've dne s much wrk—yu're bund t pass (pass)the exam.
10.Failure will make yu cry，but even mre crucial(crucial)，failure is yur success mtivatin.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.cmpare vi.&vt.比较，对比→cmparisn n．比较
2.accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accuracy n．准确(性)→accurately adv.准确地；如实地
3.lcate vi.&vt.找出……的准确位置→lcated adj.位于；坐落在→lcatin n．位置；地点
4.capable adj.有能力的→capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
5.ppse vi.&vt.抵制，反对；抗争→ppsed adj.相反的；反对，不赞成→ppsitin n．抵制，反对
6.depress vt.使沮丧；使萧条→depressed adj.沮丧的，情绪低落的→depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的→depressin n．沮丧；萧条
7.classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classificatin n．归类，分类，分级
8.identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别→identificatin n．确定，发现
9.system n．系统，体系，制度→systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的
1.Cmpared with that cmputer，this ne is better.But in terms f price，there is n cmparisn．(cmpare)
2.The village is lcated n the bank f the Yellw River and its lcatin makes it very attractive.(lcate)
3.The students living far away frm the schl were strngly ppsed t the plan.Their ppsitin prevented the plan frm being carried ut.(ppse)
4.It is difficult t wrk ut the bills accurately，s there is need t check the accuracy f these figures.(accurate)
5.The cuntry needs a defence capability (capable) as insurance against the unexpected.
6.His whle experience was very depressing，which made his parents mre depressed．(depress)
7.They went abut their business in a systematic (system) way.
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1.in cmparisn with
与……相比
2.be devted t
致力于
3.get thrugh
度过，熬过(困难时期等)
4.up t
多达
5.get ver
克服；恢复；熬过
6.cme up with
找出，提出，想出
7.be bund t
一定会
8.cut dwn n
削减，减少
9.be treated as
被看作
10.be crucial fr
对……来说至关重要
11.be classified as
被归类为……
12.as ppsed t
(表示对比)而，相对于
13.in the curse f
在……过程中
14.result in
导致；引起
15.cnsist f
由……组成
16.is capable f
有……的能力
1.In cmparisn with metal，plastics have bth advantages and disadvantages.
2.I hld the firm belief that yu are bund t achieve yur dream f being admitted t a key university.
3.Besides，we made a dnatin f 120，000 yuan t yu，expecting that it can help yu get thrugh the difficulties.
4.Leg is cnsidering a brick (积木) rental plan in an attempt t cut dwn n plastic waste.
5.Yu must be able t stand fr a perid f time up t eight hurs f wrk.
6.T much anxiety can result in sleeplessness and lss f appetite.
7.At the meeting，he came up with a new suggestin t slve the prblem.
8.The end result is an increase in cst as ppsed t a reductin in cst.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1.way后面跟定语从句
They can be caused by several different factrs，such as a virus being carried int an area，r changes in the way peple live...
我认为你跟你妈妈说话的方式是不合适的。
I dn't think the way yu speak t yur mther is apprpriate.
2.动词ing形式短语作结果状语
Scientists nw estimate that up t 50% f the area's ppulatin died frm the epidemic，making it ne f the main causes f the fall f the Rman Empire.
战争中那位母亲去世了，留下了三个孤儿。
The mther died in the war，leaving three rphans.
情感描写
动作描写
环境描写
nerve n．神经；焦虑；恐惧，紧张
ppsed adj.反对
prvke vt.激起，引起
cntain v．装盛；包含，容纳；克制
bury v．安葬；埋藏
parallel adj.平行的
zne n．地区，地带
1 capability n．[课本义](完成困难事情的)能力，才能[增补义](国家的)军事力量
①He's quite capable f lying t get ut f truble.
②He was fund lying in the rad，drunk and incapable(capable)．
The main purpse f freign students learning Chinese is t be capable f cmmunicating in Chinese(能够运用中文进行交流)．
◎have the capability t d sth./f ding sth.有做某事的能力
◎capable adj.有能力的；足以胜任的
be capable f有能力……
◎incapable adj.没有能力(做某事)；不能自理的
have the capability f becming an excellent teacher有能力成为一名出色的教师
2 participant n．参加者，参与者
①Mre than 400 children participated in the cleanup f the park.
②A back injury prevented active participatin(participate) in any sprts fr a while.
(普通表达)We encurage students t take part in the running f the cllege.
(高级表达)We encurage students t participate in the running f the cllege.
◎participate vi.参加
participate in参加
participate in (ding)sth.with sb.
同某人一起参加(做)某事
◎participatin n．参加，参与
be an active participant成为积极的参与者
participate in the discussin actively积极参与这次讨论
3 identical adj.完全相同的，同一的
①The new bridge is almst identical t the ld ne.
②The bdies were identified as thse f tw suspected drug dealers.
③The identificatin(identify)f the crash victims was a lng and difficult task.
There n the bk's cver was a beagle which lked identical t my dg (它和我的狗看起来一模一样)．
◎be identical t和……一致
◎identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别
identify A with B 视A与B相等
be identified as被认出是……
◎identificatin n．认出；鉴定；密切关联
a rw f identical huses一排完全相同的房子
a dress almst identical t mine一条和我的几乎一模一样的连衣裙
4 lcate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
①The mment we've learned that an art exhibitin is t be held and that yu're cllecting suggestins n its lcatin (lcate)，we all came t life.
②Lcated (lcate) in the central district，the Xi'an Htel ffers the best service with the lwest price.
Xiamen University，lcated n a beautiful island(坐落在一个美丽的小岛上)，has a wnderful envirnment and charming scenery.
◎lcated adj.位于
be lcated in＝be situated in位于；坐落于
lie in位于
◎lcatin n．位置；地点
be largely lcated in the desert大部分位于沙漠中
find a cnvenient lcatin fr these bkshelves找一个合适的地方放这些书架
be beautifully situated in a quiet spt near the river坐落在河边一个环境优美、僻静的地方
5 cmparisn n．[课本义]比较[增补义]对比，相比
①Our wrk can be cmpared t a battle.
②The pet cmpared the stream t the surce f life.
③The lveliness f the scene was beynd cmpare.
①Cmpared t/with western music (与西方音乐相比)，I prefer eastern music，because it is much sfter.
②In cmparisn with ther students(和其他学生相比)，Mike is mre diligent.
◎by cmparisn 比较起来；相比之下
in cmparisn (with sb./sth.)(与……)相比较
◎cmpare v．比较；对比
(be)cmpared t/with...和……相比
把……和……比较；
把……比作……
把……和……比较
◎withut/beynd cmpare无与伦比(cmpare用作名词)
make a cmparisn with ther bks和其他书相比
cmpare sleep t death将睡眠比作死亡
6 treatment n．诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式
①My mther is strngly ppsed t my father treating me t junk fd.
②I appeal t all the peple t treat(treat) the disabled with respect because all are brn equal.
③All f the patients were under treatment(treat) fr chrnic depressin.
Mary was angry at being treated like a child(被当作孩子对待)．
◎under treatment在治疗中
◎treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待
把……看作……；把……视为……
treat 用……招待/款待某人
receive treatment fr shck 接受休克治疗
treat peple with respect 对人尊敬
treat him t lunch 请他吃午饭
7 cntain vt.[课本义]包含，容纳，装盛[增补义]克制；抑制(感情等)；防止……蔓延(或恶化)
①The class experiment that day was t shw hw heating a cntainer(cntain) f water wuld bring air bubbling t the surface.
②When taking up the prize，the yung participant culdn't cntain himself(him) fr jy，grinning frm ear t ear.
Unable t cntain his anger(无法克制他的愤怒)，he turned arund and rared angrily，“Wh n earth did it？”,
◎cntain ne's anger/disappintment/curisity/feelings克制愤怒/失望/好奇/情感
cntain neself控制自己；自制
◎cntainer n．容器；集装箱；货柜
culdn't cntain neself无法克制自己
unable t cntain her anger无法克制她的愤怒
hardly cntain my curisity几乎无法克制我的好奇心
8 ppsed adj.相反的；反对，不赞成
①Hwever，many parents ppse separating (separate) students int science and art.
②Sme students are ppsed (ppse) t the decisin and think that it will limit their freedm.
With all f my friends ppsed t my plan(我所有的朋友都反对我的计划)，I culdn't resist sbbing sadly.
◎ppse vt.反对；抵制；阻挠
ppse sth./ding sth.反对(做)某事
◎be ppsed t (ding) sth.反对(做)某事
◎ppsitin n．反对；对立
remain fundamentally ppsed t the plan依然从根本上反对这项计划
strngly ppsed her ging there alne极力反对她独自去那个地方
9 bury vt.[课本义]埋葬，安葬；埋藏[增补义]使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
①The physicist was whlly buried(bury) in calculating a prblem s that he frgt his lunch.
②Burying(bury) his face in his hands，the reprter tried t cntrl his weeping.
她埋头看书，不知道外面在下雪。
①Buried in her bks，she was nt aware it was snwing utside.(过去分词短语作状语)
②Burying herself in her bks，she was nt aware it was snwing utside.(动词ing形式短语作状语),
把……埋到……；使……沉浸于……
bury neself in (ding)...埋头于/专心于……
be buried in专心于
bury ne's face in ne's hands双手掩面
bury the ld wrld and build a new ne忘却曾经，缔造未来
buried his head in his newspaper 专心致志地看他的报纸
10 get thrugh 度过；用完；完成；接通电话；获得批准；考试通过
①Hw wuld they get ver that prblem，he wndered?
②Once yu want t d smething，yu must get dwn t ding (d) it well.
A smile can help us (t) get thrugh difficult situatins (渡过难关) and find friends in a wrld f strangers.
get sth.acrss使被理解
get alng/n with进展；与……相处
get dwn t (ding) sth.开始认真做某事
get ver克服
get thrugh the winter熬过这个冬天
get thrugh t her 接通她的电话
get thrugh an entrance examinatin通过入学考试
11 result in 导致，引起
①The fire resulted in eleven peple being killed and the destructin f the factry.
②His illness mainly resulted frm eating bad fd.
③He was injured as a result f a traffic accident.
Hard wrk resulted in his success.
→His success resulted frm hard wrk.
◎result frm 意为“由于……而造成后果”，后接导致某事的原因；result in意为“引起；导致”，后接导致某事的结果。
◎as a result意为“结果，因此”，后面跟句子。
as a result f...意为“因为；由于；作为……的结果”，后面跟名词或代词。
result in excellent grades取得优异成绩
injuries resulting frm a fall因摔倒而受的伤
12 [教材原句]They can be caused by several different factrs，such as a virus being carried int an area，r changes in the way peple live...它们可能由不同因素引起，例如病毒被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的改变……
①The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.
②And yu shuld keep it in mind that cmparing ntes with yur classmates frequently is a gd way t imprve (imprve)yur study.
Can yu tell me the way(in which/that)yu slved the prblem(你解决这个问题的方法)？,
◎way后跟定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that/which，作宾语时可以省略，如果关系词在从句中作状语则用that/in which或省略。
◎way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可以跟不定式或f ding sth.的形式。
At any time，the way in which we deal with prblems shuld nt harm the interests f thers.无论什么时候，我们用来处理问题的方法都不应该损害别人的利益。
13 [教材原句]Scientists nw estimate that up t 50% f the area's ppulatin died frm the epidemic，making it ne f the main causes f the fall f the Rman Empire.现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。
①Dan made a break fr his car nly t find(find) the driver's dr lcked.
②He drpped the glass，breaking(break)it int pieces.
I rushed t the statin in a hurry，nly t find the train had already gne(不料火车已经开走了)．
动词ing形式短语作状语表示结果，一般表示意料之中的结果。不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示事先未曾预料到的情况或结果，有时不定式前用nly，以加强“意想不到”的语气。
I explained a lt t her，nly t get the misunderstanding deeper and deeper.我向她解释了许多，结果却使误会变得越来越深。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．As a matter f fact，Beijing Opera cntains (cntain) the sul f Chinese natinal culture.
2．Animals in the z have lst the capability t catch (catch) fd fr themselves.
3．She hurried t the party，nly t find (find) that they had gne.
4．Buried(bury) in writing a science fictin，she didn't realize it began t rain utside.
5．Culture is imprtant but by cmparisn (cmpare) f military histry it's bring.
6．Many peple ppsed building (build) a new highway because f the great cst.
7．She saw n a table an album cntaining (cntain) pictures f Edward at ages.
8．Fntbnne is a liberal arts cllege，lcated(lcate)in a residential suburb f St.Luis.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．It struck me that I culd treat the girl t an absrbing drama in return fr her help.
2．I think bth sexes are equally capable f lking after children.
3．I tried t call yu last Sunday but I culdn't get thrugh anyhw.
4．My mther was buried in reading a nvel withut nticing me cme in.
5．Mst crashes result frm humans and nt mechanical faults.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．In spite f the icy cld weather，my mther is the first t get (get) up t prepare breakfast.
2．We can predict changes with a surprising degree f accuracy (accurate)．
3．Mthers are ften the nes wh prvide emtinal (emtin) supprt fr the family.
4．I knw that this draft text will need editing/t be edited (edit)．
5．The prisner has certainly justified(justify) his claims by his actins.
6．Much f the meaning must be inferred (infer) frm the cntext.
7．The plice think the videtape may hld sme vital clues (clue) t the identity f the killer.
8．She deals with all the crrespndence(crrespnd)prmptly and efficiently.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．I suspect the scalled pet f cpying thers' pems but I have n slid evidence.
2．He was arrested n charges f crruptin and abuse f pwer.
3．Yu can have the equipment n trial，and if yu dn't like it yu can give it back.
4．Maybe a lt f peple dn't knw the fact that whales are classified as mammals.
5．She was suspected f having links with a dissident grup.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Class activities will vary frm day t day，but students must be ready t cmplete shrt inclass writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin，s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class.B
A．绘画 B．抽取 C．吸引
2．(2020·天津卷)Hw culd I pssibly take the time t pse fr a sculpture nw？A
A．(为画像、摄影等)摆姿势 B．引起
C．提问
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The lckers are lcated in Building 1 near the Infrmatin Desk and in Building 3.B
A．找出……的准确位置 B．位于
C．创办于(某地)
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并将句子翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·全国甲卷)The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry，the mre cmfrtable yu'll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
本句使用了比较级的特殊句型，the mre...，the mre...“越……就越……”。
[尝试翻译]你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，你就越能适应它的外国文化习俗。
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Additinally，frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme，bth f which will be graded.
本句是一个主从复合句。主句部分主语是Ⅰ，谓语是will assign，宾语是grup wrk r shrt assignments，并列的动词不定式短语t be cmpleted in class和t be cmpleted at hme作后置定语，修饰grup wrk和shrt assignments。其后紧跟一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。bth f which 指代grup wrk 和shrt assignments。
[尝试翻译]此外，我还会不时地布置在课堂上完成的小组作业或在家里完成的简短作业，这些作业都会被评分。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
There are several factrs that cause an epidemic，which has a 1.lwer (lw) baseline than the flu.The first bird flu，a mdern 2.adaptatin(adapt)f the 1918 Spanish Flu，appeared in 1997，3.which has taken mre than ne hundred lives.In the 1330s，the Black Death brke ut in Asia，4.knwn(knw) as “The Black Death”，because ne visible symptm was black spts 5.n the bdy.The Spanish Flu happened in 1918.As a result f the war，mre peple were travelling and mving，which made it spread wrldwide，6.killing(kill)up t 50 millin peple.SARS began in 2002 in Guangdng Prvince and then spread t Canada，Vietnam and Singapre.Abut 8，000 peple 7.were infected(infect)．The utbreak f EVD in West Africa resulted 8.in 11，310 deaths.It was extremely 9.infectius(infect) and the survival rate was lw.
Gvernments in the wrld want thrugh and systematic medical research n epidemics.Cuntries will need t wrk tgether 10.t fight (fight) epidemics.
Step 1.要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①克隆羊多莉是第一只成功克隆的动物。
A sheep called Dlly was the first successfully clned animal.
②科学家已经克隆了20多种哺乳动物，包括骆驼、牛等。
Mre than 20 mammal species have been clned by scientists，including camels，cattle and s n．
③2018年，致力于灵长类克隆的中国科学家宣布他们克隆了两只猴子。
In 2018，Chinese scientists，wh were devted t the clning f primates，annunced that they had clned tw mnkeys.
④与其他的物种相比，他们之所以如此努力地要突破这一技术壁垒，是为医学研究和人类健康发展做贡献。
In cmparisn with ther species，scientists have had t wrk hard t break the technical barrier t make cntributins t medical research and human health.
⑤科学家们说这个大的突破有助于使实验结果更准确、治疗方法更有效。
Scientists say that this majr breakthrugh culd help prduce mre accurate results and lead t mre effective treatments．
⑥尽管有些人认为这对于科学的进步至关重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的担忧并担心该技术可能会被某些组织滥用。
While sme peple believe clning is crucial fr scientific advancement，thers raise ethical cncerns and wrry that the technlgy might be abused by sme rganisatins.
Step 2.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
A sheep called Dlly was the first successfully clned animal.After Dlly，mre than 20 mammal species have been clned by scientists，including camels，cattle and s n.In 2018，Chinese scientists，wh were devted t the clning f primates，annunced that they had clned tw mnkeys.In cmparisn with ther species，scientists have had t wrk hard t break the technical barrier t make cntributins t medical research and human health.But scientists say that this majr breakthrugh culd help prduce mre accurate results and lead t mre effective treatments.While sme peple believe clning is crucial fr scientific advancement，thers raise ethical cncerns and wrry that the technlgy might be abused by sme rganisatins.
Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2.尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
我原认为我父亲从来不知道如何控制自己。一天，我沿着河边回家，这和我经常走的那条路平行。我父亲对我大喊大叫。我不知道我是怎么激怒他的。我的脸埋在手里，开始哭了起来。后来，我被告知，在那之前几天有一个孩子在那条河里淹死了。我终于明白了他严厉的爱。
I thught my father never knew hw t cntain himself.One day，I went hme alng a river，which was parallel t the rad I used t walk.My father shuted at me ludly.I didn't knw hw I prvked his anger.Burying my face in my hands，I began t cry.Later，I was tld that a child gt drwned in the river several days befre that.I finally understd his tugh lve.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1.(行为描写)(2022·济宁市模拟)I strmed int my bedrm，anger munting up within me.
2.(心理描写)(2022·阜新市模拟)S many thughts were rushing thrugh my mind that I culd nt think straight.
3.(人物描写)(2022·浙大附中模拟)The little girl was maybe five r six with a pair f sparkling blue eyes.
(2022·湖北省四校联考)Hw culd I face being in that grup—the by wh barely spke English，the ne girl wh was always cvered by skirts that went dwn t her ankles，and the ther girl wh was ften wearing very strange and unusual clthes with fancy items.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.justify vt.证明……有道理，为……辩护
2.innvate vi.&vt.革新，创新，改革
3.artificially adv.人为地，虚假地
4.reprductive adj.繁殖的，生殖的
5.barrier n．障碍，壁垒
6.crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
7.bund adj.很有可能，肯定会
8.abuse vt.滥用，妄用；虐待 n．滥用；虐待
9.cntain vt.包含，容纳，装盛
10.variatin n．变化物，变体；差异，变动
11.phenmenn n．现象
12.estimate vt.&n.估计，估算
13.bury vt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏
14.calculate vt.计算，核算
15.differ vi.不同，不一样；有异意
16.symblically adv.象征地，象征性地
1.The bject f these experiments was t find the cnnectin，if any，between the tw phenmena(phenmenn).
2.I think yu have made an errr in calculating (calculate) the ttal.
3.It is estimated (estimate) that the meeting will last fur days.
4.She always has her head buried (bury) in a bk.
5.These manmade barriers (barrier) will ensure a very high degree f prtectin.
6.Her success had justified (justify)the faith her teachers had put in her.
7.He lked at me fr a mment，and then wrte a sentence cntaining(cntain) the best advice I've ever had.
8.Things in the wrld differ(different) frm each ther in a thusand ways.
9.Yu've dne s much wrk—yu're bund t pass (pass)the exam.
10.Failure will make yu cry，but even mre crucial(crucial)，failure is yur success mtivatin.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.cmpare vi.&vt.比较，对比→cmparisn n．比较
2.accurate adj.准确的，正确的→accuracy n．准确(性)→accurately adv.准确地；如实地
3.lcate vi.&vt.找出……的准确位置→lcated adj.位于；坐落在→lcatin n．位置；地点
4.capable adj.有能力的→capability n．(完成困难事情的)能力，才能
5.ppse vi.&vt.抵制，反对；抗争→ppsed adj.相反的；反对，不赞成→ppsitin n．抵制，反对
6.depress vt.使沮丧；使萧条→depressed adj.沮丧的，情绪低落的→depressing adj.令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的→depressin n．沮丧；萧条
7.classify vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→classificatin n．归类，分类，分级
8.identify vt.确定，发现；认出，识别→identificatin n．确定，发现
9.system n．系统，体系，制度→systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的
1.Cmpared with that cmputer，this ne is better.But in terms f price，there is n cmparisn．(cmpare)
2.The village is lcated n the bank f the Yellw River and its lcatin makes it very attractive.(lcate)
3.The students living far away frm the schl were strngly ppsed t the plan.Their ppsitin prevented the plan frm being carried ut.(ppse)
4.It is difficult t wrk ut the bills accurately，s there is need t check the accuracy f these figures.(accurate)
5.The cuntry needs a defence capability (capable) as insurance against the unexpected.
6.His whle experience was very depressing，which made his parents mre depressed．(depress)
7.They went abut their business in a systematic (system) way.
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1.in cmparisn with
与……相比
2.be devted t
致力于
3.get thrugh
度过，熬过(困难时期等)
4.up t
多达
5.get ver
克服；恢复；熬过
6.cme up with
找出，提出，想出
7.be bund t
一定会
8.cut dwn n
削减，减少
9.be treated as
被看作
10.be crucial fr
对……来说至关重要
11.be classified as
被归类为……
12.as ppsed t
(表示对比)而，相对于
13.in the curse f
在……过程中
14.result in
导致；引起
15.cnsist f
由……组成
16.is capable f
有……的能力
1.In cmparisn with metal，plastics have bth advantages and disadvantages.
2.I hld the firm belief that yu are bund t achieve yur dream f being admitted t a key university.
3.Besides，we made a dnatin f 120，000 yuan t yu，expecting that it can help yu get thrugh the difficulties.
4.Leg is cnsidering a brick (积木) rental plan in an attempt t cut dwn n plastic waste.
5.Yu must be able t stand fr a perid f time up t eight hurs f wrk.
6.T much anxiety can result in sleeplessness and lss f appetite.
7.At the meeting，he came up with a new suggestin t slve the prblem.
8.The end result is an increase in cst as ppsed t a reductin in cst.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1.way后面跟定语从句
They can be caused by several different factrs，such as a virus being carried int an area，r changes in the way peple live...
我认为你跟你妈妈说话的方式是不合适的。
I dn't think the way yu speak t yur mther is apprpriate.
2.动词ing形式短语作结果状语
Scientists nw estimate that up t 50% f the area's ppulatin died frm the epidemic，making it ne f the main causes f the fall f the Rman Empire.
战争中那位母亲去世了，留下了三个孤儿。
The mther died in the war，leaving three rphans.
情感描写
动作描写
环境描写
nerve n．神经；焦虑；恐惧，紧张
ppsed adj.反对
prvke vt.激起，引起
cntain v．装盛；包含，容纳；克制
bury v．安葬；埋藏
parallel adj.平行的
zne n．地区，地带
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