Unit 1 语法讲练-八年级上册英语教学同步精美课件+分层作业（人教版）

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?语法讲练Learning Goals （教学目标）动Lead inEnjoy a video and answer 动1. Where did the boy go on his summer vacation?2. What did he and his family do there?3. What did the girl do on her vacation?4. Where did Molly go on her summer vacation?5. What did she and her sister do there?He went to Jejudo with his family.They rode horses and walked along Jeju olle.He took taekwondo lessons.He went to Xinjiang with his sister.They rode horses there.Grammar FocusRead and translate1. 你去了什么地方去度假？_____ ______ you go on _________?2. 我去了纽约市。I _______ ____ New York City.3. 你和别的什么人一起去的吗？______ ______ go out with ________?4. 不，没有别人在这儿。每个人都在度假。 No. ____ _____ was here. ________ was on ________. 5. 你买了什么特别的东西了吗？____ you buy ________ _______?6. 是的，我为我爸爸买了些东西。Yes, I _____ _____ for my father. 7. 不，我没有买什么东西。No, I _______ _________.8. 吃的怎么样？____ ____ the food? 9. 所有的东西尝起来都很好。 __________ _______ really good. 10. 每个人都玩得很开心吗?_____ ________ have a good time?11. 是的。一切事物都很棒。Yes. __________was excellent. vacationWhere did went toDid youanyoneHave a testComplete the sentencesNo oneEveryone vacationDidanything specialbought somethingbought nothingHow wasEverything tastedDid everyoneEverythingGrammar FocusRead and find动发现一一般过去时1. 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 谓语构成(the day before) yesterday last night / week in 1990 / just now On Sunday morning two days ago系动词be的过去时. am (is) →was are →were肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语  He was at home yesterday.否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语  We weren't late yesterday. .疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语？ Were you ill yesterday? 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语 +其他？行为动词的一般过去时:肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。I went to the movie.否定句：主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其他？→I didn’t go to school.一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其他？Did you have breakfast?Yes, I do./ No, I don’t. Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？When did you visit the Great Wall?动词过去式的构成规则动词regular verbs不规则动词irregular verbs 规则动词过去式的变化有以下几种： (1) 一般情况下在动词后加-ed。 e.g. play—played visit—visited walk—walked clean—cleaned (2) 以不发音的e结尾的词，在词尾加-d。 e.g. like—liked 　dance—danced 　live—lived use—used(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，先改y为i，再加-ed。 e.g. study—studied 　carry—carried worry—worried (4) 以重读闭音节结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。 e.g. stop—stopped drop—dropped 　plan—planned温馨提示：以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：e.g. enjoy ——enjoyed play——played 　　 规则动词过去式词尾-ed的读音am, is—was are—were go—went do—didhave—had come—came take—took say—saideat—ate see—saw get—got put—putsleep—slept give—gave write—wrot read—readbuy—bought sit—sat run—ran swim —swam make—made feel—fel hear—heard grow—grew tell—told know—knew find—foundbegin—began bring —brought stand—stood spend—spentcatch—caught teach—taught动词不规则变化/red/动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were,否定就把not添。易记歌谣【语境应用】完成句子 。1) 刚才Sandy尝了尝汤。 Sandy _______ _______ _______ just now.2) 我昨晚在聚会上待到很晚。 I _______ _______ at the party last night. 3) 他们昨天下午四点到达北京的。 They _______ _______ Beijing at 4:00 yesterday afternoon.tasted the soupstayed latearrived in /got to4) Cathy在母亲节给她妈妈买了一件礼物。 Cathy _______ _______ _______ for her mother on Mother's Day.5) 今天早上我起晚了，因此什么都没有吃。 I got up late this morning, so I _______ _______.6) Bob在公共汽车上感觉很糟，因为太挤了。 Bob _______ _______ on the bus because it was too crowded.bought a giftatefelt terriblenothing1.get — 2.say — 3.have — 4.be—5.tell — 6.think —7.write — 8.drive —9.run — 10.read — I. 写出下列单词的过去式。gotsaidhadwas, weretoldthoughtwrotedroveranreadExercises巩固练习11. see— 12. stand — 13. put — 14. eat — 15. buy — 16. drink — 17. sleep — 18. come —19. play — 20. study — 21. listen — sawstoodputateboughtdranksleptcameplayedstudiedlistenedA:How your vacation, Lin?B: It pretty good.A: How the beaches?B: They great.A: How the weather?B: It hot and wet.A: How the people?B: They unfriendly.A:How the stores?B: They expensive.waswaswerewerewaswaswerewerewerewereBe— am/is(was) are(were)Be 填空II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。We ______ (live) in Japan last year.Jack________ (stop) the car last Sunday.Tom _______ (clean) his room and ________ (study) for the Chinese test last weekend.4.What ______ you ______(do) last night?5.On Sunday morning I _____ (play) tennis.livedstoppedcleanedstudieddiddoplayedIII. 句型转换。  Lucy did her homework at home. （改否定句）    2. He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱). （变一般疑问句)    3. She stayed there for a week.（画线部分提问）   Lucy didn’t do her homework at home.Did he find any meat in the fridge? How long did she stay there?  4. She went to the beach last Sunday. (变一般疑问句)5.They stayed at home on vacation.(就画线部分提问)Did she go to the beach last Sunday?Where did they stay on vacation?6. The weather was hot and humid. (变否定句)7. Nancy went to the cinema last night. (改为同义句) 8. The people in New York were friendly. (就画线部分提问)The weather wasn’t hot or humid.Nancy went to see a film last night.How were the people in New York?四、汉译英。1. 最近每个人都很忙。2.— 你假期做什么有趣的事了吗？ — 是的。 我去北京了。Everyone is very busy these days.—Did you do anything fun on your vacation?—Yes, I did. I went to Beijing.3. 你假期过得怎么样？ How was your vacation?4. 晚上没有什么事可做，只好看书。 There was nothing much to do in the evening but reading.5. 我给我父母买了一些礼物，却没给自己买。 I bought some gifts for my parents, but nothing for myself.1.It was sunny.2.I did my homework yesterday.3.She played soccer last Sunday.4.He cleaned his room last week. Did you do your homework yesterday? Did she play soccer last Sunday? Did he clean his homework last week?Was it sunny? 一、改成一般疑问句巩固练习1. It was sunny.2. I did my homework yesterday.3. He cleaned his room last week.4. They had a summer camp last weekend.5. My father went to the beach three years ago.6. Tom and Jack studied for the test three days ago. I didn’t do my homework yesterday. He didn’t clean his room last week.二、改成否定句It was not sunny. They didn’t have a summer camp last weekend. My father didn’t go to the beach three years ago. Tom and Jack didn’t study for the test three days ago.1. He ____here only a few minutes _____.仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。2. I ____ home just ____.我刚回到家。 3. I ____ ____ very early this morning.今天早晨我起床很早。4. He ____ ____ for school again today.今天他又迟到了。5. I _____ my room _____ week. 上周我打扫了我的房间。6. I ____ my homework _________ morning. 昨天早晨我做了家庭作业。三、根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。wasagocamenowgot upwas latecleanedlastdidyesterdayLast summer, I ______to the beach with my parents. My vacation _____pretty good . I ____there by bus _____my bus trip______ relaxing. The beach ______very beautiful . It _______sunny. I _________ beach volleyball and ______swimming. The people ______friendly and the food was ________. I __________my vacation very much and I _________to go there again. wentwaswentandwaswaswasweredeliciousenjoyedhopeplayedwentWrite about your vacation and give a report.Grammar FocusRead and find动发现二复合不定代词 some, any, no, every与-one,-body,-thing可以组成12个不定代词，他们分别是：someonesomebodyanyone\anybodyno one\ nobodyeveryoneeverybodysomethinganythingnothingeverything动【用法】1. 观察Let’s do something interesting.Did you buy anything special?当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放在其____ (前面/后面)。 e.g. 让我们给她不同的东西吃。Let's give her something different to eat . 我有一些重要的事情告诉你。I have something important to tell you. 巩固练习： 这本书里有什么新东西吗？ Is there _________ _____ in this book? 今天没有什么特别的事。 There’s _________ _______today. 后面anything newnothing special动2. 观察Everyone in this village is friendly.Nobody knows what the future will be like.复合不定代词作主语时，都作_____ (单数/复数)看待，其谓语动词用_____________形式。相应的人称代词和物主代词用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they。 e.g. Something ____ (is/are) wrong with my watch. 我的手表出了点毛病。 Well, everyone ______ (want) to win.是的，每个人都想赢。 单数单数第三人称iswantsEveryone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]?Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切都准备好了，是吗?动3. some-的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中；any-类的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“某事；某物；某人”；也可用于肯定句或条件从句中，表示“任何东西；任何人”。e.g. I didn’t see anything in the room. Do you know anything about English learning? If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.巩固练习：我想吃点东西。 I’d like ___________ to eat. 今天有人给我打电话吗？Did ______ call me today? somethinganyone 但是，在Would you like some tea? 这类问句中则用some, 而不用any, 这是因为问话者希望得到对方肯定的答复。复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, none, everything, everybody, everyone等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。复合不定代词的构成someone复合不定代词anyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverything指物指人Let’s do something interesting.当形容词修饰不定代词时，应放其后。 e.g. 这本书里有什么新东西吗？ Is there _________ _____ in this book? 今天没有什么特别的事。 There’s _________ _______ today.anything newnothing specialEveryone in this village is friendly.Nobody knows what the future will be like.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 e.g. Something ____ (is/are) wrong with my watch. 我的手表出了点毛病。 Well, everyone ______ (want) to win. 是的，每个人都想赢。iswants一般疑问句中，当问话人希望得到对方肯定回答时，要用some-类的复合不定代词；当问话人只是提出问题，对回答没有倾向性时，用any-类的复合不定代词。 a. Do you have something to tell me? 你有事要告诉我吧？b. Do you have anything to tell me? 有什么事要告诉我吗？a表示说话人期望有事告诉他，b无此含义。a. Did somebody phone last night? 昨晚有人来电话了吧？b. Did anybody phone last night? 昨晚有人来过电话吗？a意味着说话人期望或预料有人来过电话，b无此含义。no-类的复合不定代词表示否定的意义。e.g. We looked but saw nothing.【注意】not...anywhere= nowhere. 意为“任何地方都没有”。 如：Mom couldn’t find her ID card anywhere. =Mom could find her ID card nowhere. 妈妈到处找不到她的身份证。【口诀】 复合代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏。 如果它来当主语，谓语动词用单数。动3aFill in the blanks with the words in the box and practice the conversation. Linda: Did you do _________ fun on your vacation, Alice? Alice: Yes, I did. I went to Sanya. Linda: How did you like it? Alice: Well, it was my first time there, so _________ was really interesting.Linda: Did you go with ________?Alice: Yes, I did. I went with my sister. Linda: Did you go shopping? Alice: Of course! I bought________ for my parents, but _________ for myself. anyonesomethinganythingeverything nothing方法指导：首先，应通读对话，掌握短文大意；其次，回顾一下复合不定代词的用法。然后，仔细阅读每个句子，根据空格前后的词语进行推敲。比如，第一句话是一个一般疑问句，空格前有do一词，可知空格处应anything一词，意为“做什么事情”。其他类似。anythingeverythinganyonesomethingnothing动 自主探究1. I bought something for my parents, but nothing for myself. ___________________________________________ Why didn't you buy anything for yourself? ___________________________________________myself意为_____, yourself 意为_____,像这样表示“某人自己的词”叫_________。我给父母买了一些东西，但给自己什么也没买。你为什么不给自己买东西呢？我自己你自己反身代词反身代词有：动1) Did you buy anything for yourself? 你为你自己买什么东西了吗?（做介词宾语）2) The old man taught himself English. 那位老人自学英语。（做动词宾语）3) The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。（做同位语）4) I myself visited my aunt last weekend. 上周我自己去拜访了姑姑。(做同位语) 反身代词用法：动2. How did you like it?________________________句型：How do/did you like…?意思是“_________”，相当于What do you think of ...?，和 How doyou feel about…? 意为“某人过得……怎么样？”。如： How do you like the TV show? = ____________________ the TV show? 你觉得这个电视节目怎么样？What do you think of你觉得它怎么样？ 你觉得…怎样？anythingeveryone/anyoneEverythingnothingno one1.Where did Mark go on vacation?2.How was his vacation?3.What was the only problem?4.What did they do there?anythingeveryone/anyoneEverythingnothingno one称呼，正文结束语When you write an email:“By for now”英语口语，接近“暂时，就此”的意思，常在书信，电邮的结尾出现There are some important impressions in the message.The only problem is / was that …nothing much to do but read seem to be … Bye for now! 动3. Still no one seemed to be bored. ________________________________seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，其主要用法如下：seem+ (to be) + adj. 如：The movie ___________________. 这部电影似乎很有趣。seem to do sth. 如：The boy __________ nothing about it. 这个孩似乎对它一无所知。It seems that ... 如:It seems that Mr. Zhang is at home. 张先生好像在家。 seem like…“好像，似乎……”。 It seems like a good idea.它好像是个好主意。仍然没有人似乎看起来无聊。seems(to be) interestingseems to know 自主探究4.The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read. _________________________________________ nothing much to do意为“没什么事可做”。 a. I have_____ _____ _____ _____this afternoon. 今天下午我没什么特殊的事可做。 b. There is _____ _____ ___ ____，so I go to bed early. 没什么事可做，因此我就早早睡觉了。 拓展：nothing…but…意为“除……之外什么也没有；只有”。but后可接名词或动词原形。 a. I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。 b. I had nothing to do but watch TV.我无事可做，只有看电视。 nothing much to donothing much to do唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。 Ask your group questions about their lastvacation. Then tell the class your results.In our group, everyone ate something at a restaurant...3cIn our group, everyone ate something at a restaurant. No one read anything interesting. Li Lei visited his grandparents in the town. Liu Xue bought something interesting. Xu Li kept a diary. Now work by yourselves. Then give your own report on your group. Report1.Yesterday Mom ________ me some money to buy a dictionary.A. gives B. gave C. has given D. was giving B一般过去时2. On January 29th, 2020, Zhong Nanshan and his team _____ over four hours online _____ five patients who were seriously ill, and made a treatment plan for those patients. A. spent; checking B. spent; to check C. spend; checking D. spend; to check A3. Sally _______ where she had left the car and the police found it this morning.A. forgot B. has forgotten C. forgets D. had forgotten 4. Eric often ______ his aunt before he moved to the city.A. has visited B. visits C. visited AC1.________ hopes for a sweet home as it provides us with warmth and trust.A. None B. Everyone C. Nobody D. Somebody(2020·江苏扬州中考)2. —It’s unbelievable that 5G technology is progressing in such a rapid way!—_______ is impossible. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything(2020湖北宜昌中考)复合不定代词BC3. — Have you asked _________ about the case?— No, except Bob.A. everybody B. anybody C. nobody D. somebody 4. —Sally, I have _______ exciting to tell you. We will go back to school soon.—Great！A. anything B. something C. everything ABgo shopping  购物keep a diary  记日记in the countryside  在乡下feed hens  喂母鸡*anyone, someone, everyone, no one, anything, something, everything 及 nothing 的用法*一般过去时的用法及动词过去式的变化Ⅰ. 从方框中选择合适的词语填空，使每个句子在结构、句意和逻辑上正确。1. There is _______ in the box. It is empty (空的).2. ____________ is ready now for the party. Let's start. 3. —Is there __________ important in today's news?—No, there isn't.4. —Would you like ___________ to eat, Emily?—Yes. Two cakes, please.  nothingEverythinganythingsomethingsomeone, everyone, anyone, no one5. —Did _______ call me when I was out, Alice?—Yes. Bob called you.   6. I'm very busy. I want _________ to help me with my work.7. The game is very popular. __________ is interested in it.8. —Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday?—_______. I did it all by myself.anyone someoneEveryoneNo one动一、单项选择Class Test1. I have ____ to tell you. A. anything interesting B. something interesting C. interesting anything D. interesting something2. The light in the room still on, I think ____ is in the room. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. no one 3. The work is very easy, I can do it by ____. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself4. The TV show is very ____, and I feel ____. A. boring, bored B. boring, boring C. bored, bored D. bored, boring5. _____ is watching TV . Let’s turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. everybody二、句型转换   Lucy did her homework at home.  （改否定句）    2. He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）. （变一般疑问句)    3. She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）    4. There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)   Lucy didn’t not her homework at home.Did he find any meat in the fridge? How long does  she stayed there?  Was there any orange in the cup? Ⅱ. 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词语的正确时态填空，使短文完整、通顺。When I was young I lived in a village near the sea in Scotland (苏格兰). Life (1)_______(be) very different from now. It was the 1930s, so there was no TV, but my family had a radio, and we (2)__________(listen to) it every evening. My parents (3)__________(not have) a car, so I went to school by bicycle — 10 km every day! waslistened todidn't haveBut I (4)___________(not study) very hard, and (5)_______(leave) school when I was fourteen. There were no cinemas near our village, so every Saturday I (6)_______(meet) my friends on the beach and we (7)_______(draw) pictures or letters in the sand all day. When I was fifteen, my parents (8)_______(sell) our house and the family (9)_______(move) to England. I never went back to my village, but I can still (10)_______(hear) the sea lapping (轻拍) on the beach.didn't study leftmetdrewsoldmovedhearHomework: Compulsory homework(必做作业)1. 背诵并默写Section A Grammar Focus 中的句子。 2. 预习Section B1a-1d, 默写P4单词。Optional homework (选做作业)Write about your vacation. For example :Last summer I went to the beach . My vacation was great . I went there by bus and my bus trip was relaxing . The beach was very beautiful . It was sunny, cool and humid .the people were friendly and the food were delicious .I enjoyed my vacation very much and I hope to go there again .