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2023-2024学年江苏省南京外国语学校高三上学期期初考试英语试题含答案
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第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
A
The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that cmbines the best f Sydney’s harbr, city, bay and beach highlights.
A SydneyPass gives yu unlimited and flexible travel n the Explrer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explrer shws yu arund ur exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bndi Explrer visits Sydney Harbur bays and famus beaches. Take t the water n ne f three magnificent daily harbr cruises (游船). Yu can als travel free n regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries r CityRail services (limited area), s yu can g t every crner f this beautiful city.
Imagine brwsing at Darling Harbur, tasting the famus seafd at Watsns Bay r enjying the city lights n an evening ferry cruise. The pssibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever yu decide t g, remember that bkings are nt required n any f ur services s tickets are treated n a first in, first seated basis.
SydneyPasses are available fr 3, 5 r 7 days fr use ver a 7-calendar-day perid. With a 3 r 5-day pass yu chse n which days ut f the 7 yu want t use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airprt Express inward trip befre starting yur 3, 5 r 7 days, and the return trip is valid fr 2 mnths frm the first day yur ticket was used.
SydneyPass Fares
*A child is defined as anyne frm the ages f 4 years t under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.
**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number f children frm 4 t under 16 years f age frm the same family.
1. A SydneyPass desn’t ffer unlimited rides n ________.
A. the Explrer BusesB. the harbr cruises
C. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services
2. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can ________.
A. save fares frm and t the airprt
B. take the Sydney Explrer t beaches
C. enjy the famus seafd fr free
D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant
3. If 5-day tickets were t be recmmended t a mther wh travelled with her clleague and her children aged 3, 6 and 10, what wuld the lwest cst be?
A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.
B
Mime (哑剧) pens up a new wrld t the behlder, but it des s insidiusly (隐匿地), nt by purpsely injecting pints f interest in the manner f a tur guide. Audiences are nt unlike visitrs t a freign land wh discver that the mdes, manners, and thughts f its inhabitants are nt meaningless ddities, but are sensible in cntext.
I remember nce when an audience seemed puzzled at what I was ding. At first, I tried t gain a mre immediate respnse by using slight exaggeratins. I sn realized that these actins had nthing t d with the audience’s understanding f the character. What I had believed t be a failure f the audience t respnd in the manner I expected was, in fact, nly their cncentratin n what I was ding; they were enjying a gradual awakening — a slw transitin f their understanding frm their wn time and place t ne that appeared s unexpectedly befre their eyes. This was evidenced by their grwing respnse t succeeding numbers.
Mime is an elusive art, as its expressin is entirely dependent n the ability f the perfrmer t imagine a character and t re-create that character fr each perfrmance. As a mime, I am a physical medium, the instrument upn which the figures f my imaginatin play their dance f life. The individuals in my audience als have respnsibilities—they must be alert cllabratrs. They cannt sit back, mindlessly self-cntent, and wait t have their emtins arused by fantastic musical sunds r visual rhythms r acrbatic feats, r by wrds that tell them what t think. Mime is an art that, paradxically, appeals bth t thse wh respnd instinctively t entertainment and t thse whse appreciatin is mre analytical and cmplex.
Between these extremes lie thse audiences cnditined t resist any cllabratin with what is played befre them, and these the mime must charm despite themselves. There is nly ne way t attack thse reluctant minds—take them unaware! They will be delighted at an unexpected pleasure.
4. The authr cmpares mime artist with tur guide because bth ________.
A. bring thers t strange placesB. explre new means f self-expressin
C. emply artistic methds t cmmunicateD. shape the way thers perceive a new situatin
5. The authr mst likely includes the incident described in paragraph 2 in rder t ________.
A. shw hw challenging the career f a mime can be
B. eliminate sme miscnceptins abut what a mime is like
C. prtray the intensity required t see the audience’s pint f view
D. indicate the adjustments an audience must make in watching mime
6. The underlined wrd “elusive” in paragraph 3 mst prbably means ________.
A easy t summarizeB. difficult t define
C. hard t cmmentD. natural t imitate
7. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is imprtant t the artistic success f mime?
A. Effective cmbinatin f varius dramatic elements.B. Incrpratin f realistic details.
C. Audience invlvement.D. Large audiences.
C
Is it true that ur brain alne is respnsible fr human cgnitin (认知)? What abut ur bdy? Is it pssible fr thught and behaviur t riginate frm smewhere ther than ur brain? Psychlgists wh study Embdied Cgnitin (EC) ask similar questins. The EC thery suggests ur bdy is als respnsible fr thinking r prblem-slving. Mre precisely, the mind shapes the bdy and the bdy shapes the mind in equal measure.
If yu think abut it fr a mment, it makes ttal sense. When yu smell smething gd r hear amusing sunds, certain emtins are awakened. Think abut hw newbrns use their senses t understand the wrld arund them. They dn’t have emtins s much as needs — they dn’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need fd. Even unbrn babies can feel their mthers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real wrld, they cry when they’re cld and then get hugged. That way, they start t assciate being warm with being lved.
Understandably, therists have been arguing fr years and still disagree n whether the brain is the nerve centre that perates the rest f the bdy. Older Western philsphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC therises that the brain and bdy are wrking tgether as an rganic supercmputer, prcessing everything and frming yur reactins.
Further studies have backed up the mind-bdy interactin. In ne experiment, test subjects were asked t judge peple after being handed a ht r a cld drink. They all made warm evaluatins when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than clness. And it wrks the ther way t. In anther study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in r “rejected” frm a grup task. Thse wh were included felt physically warmer.
Fr further prf, we can lk at the metaphrs (比喻) that we use withut even thinking. A kind and sympathetic persn is frequently referred t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck. And this kind f metaphrical use is cmmn acrss languages.
Nw that yu have the knwledge f mind-bdy interactin, why nt use it? If yu’re having a bad day, a warm cup f tea will give yu a flash f pleasure. If yu knw yu’re physically cld, warm up befre making any interpersnal decisins.
8. Accrding t the authr, what is the significance f EC?
A. It brings us clser t the truth in human cgnitin.
B. It ffers a clearer picture f the shape f human brain.
C. It reveals the majr rle f the mind in human cgnitin.
D. It facilitates ur understanding f the rigin f psychlgy.
9. Where des the newbrns’ understanding f their surrundings start frm?
A. Their persnal lks.B. Their mental needs.
C. Their inner emtins.D. Their physical feelings.
10. What des the authr intend t prve by citing the metaphrs in Paragraph 5?
A. Human speech is alive with metaphrs.
B. Human senses have effects n thinking.
C. Human language is shaped by visual images.
D. Human emtins are ften cmpared t natural materials.
11. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the last paragraph?
A. T deepen the readers’ understanding f EC.
B. T encurage the reader t put EC int practice.
C. T guide the reader nt the path t career success.
D. T share with the reader ways t release their emtins.
D
Financial regulatins in Britain have impsed a rather unusual rule n the bsses f big banks. Starting next year any guaranteed bnus f tp executives culd be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigatin fr wrngding. The main purpse f this “clawback” rule is t hld bankers respnsible fr harmful risk-taking and t restre public trust in financial institutin. Yet fficials als hpe fr a much larger benefit: mre lng-term decisin-making nt nly by banks but als by all crpratins, t build a strnger ecnmy fr future generatins.
“Shrt-termism” r the desire fr quick prfits, has wrsened in publicly traded cmpanies, says the Bank f England’s tp ecnmist, Andrew Haldane. He qutes a giant f classical ecnmies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children wh pick the strawberries ut f their pudding t eat them at nce” rather than putting them aside t be eaten last.
The average time fr hlding a stck in bth the United States and Britain, he ntes, has drpped frm seven years t seven mnths in recent decades. Transient(短期的)investrs, wh demand high quarterly prfits frm cmpanies, can hld back a firm’s effrts t invest in lng-term research r t build up custmer lyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”.
In additin, new digital technlgies have allwed mre rapid trading f equities(股票), quicker use f infrmatin, and thus shrtens attentin spans in financial markets. “There seems t be an advantage f shrt-term thinking at the expense f lng-term investing,” said Cmmissiner Daniel Gallagher f the US Securities and Exchange Cmmissin in speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act f 2002 has pushed mst public cmpanies t delay perfrmance bnuses fr senir executives by abut a year, slightly helping reduce “shrt-termism.” In its latest survey f CEO pay, The Wall Street Jurnal finds that “a substantial part” f executive pay is nw tied t perfrmance.
Much mre culd be dne t encurage “lng-termism,” such as changes in the tax cde and quicker disclsure(披露)f stck acquisitins. In France, sharehlders wh hld nt a cmpany investment fr at least tw years can smetimes earn mre vting rights in a cmpany.
Within cmpanies, the right cmpensatin design can prvide mtivatin fr executives t think beynd their wn time at the cmpany and n behalf f all sharehlders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder t bankers that sciety has an interest in their perfrmance, nt just fr the shrt term but fr the lng term.
12. One reasn fr impsing the new rule is the regulatins _________.
A. enhance banker’s sense f respnsibility
B. help crpratins achieve larger prfits
C. build a new system f financial regulatin
D. guarantee the bnuses f tp executives
13. What can be learned abut “Shrt-termism” frm the passage?
A. Children always pursue shrt-term prfits by eating strawberries first.
B. The influence f it n the cmpanies can be negative in the lng run.
C. It will bring high prfits fr the cmpany, thus keeping its custmers.
D. Digital technlgy acts as a dminant cntributr t its wrsening.
14. The US and France examples in paragraph 5 and 6 are used t illustrate ________.
A. the bstacles t preventing “shrt-termism”
B. the significance f lng-term thinking
C. the appraches t prmting “lng-termism”
D. the ppularity f shrt-term thinking
15. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Failure f Quarterly Capitalism
B. Patience as a Crprate Virtue
C. Decisiveness Required f Tp Executives
D. Frustratin f Risk-taking Bankers
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
In sme ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed dwn thrugh the generatins reliably enugh fr parents and children t cmmunicate with each ther. ____16____ Fr example, while Japanese has changed relatively little ver a thusand years, English evlved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s furteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impssible t read.
Languages change fr a variety f reasns. Large-scale shifts ften ccur in respnse t scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures, as there are many examples f language change fueled by invasins, clnizatin, and migratin. _____17_____ Frequently, the needs f speakers drive language change. New technlgies industries, prducts and experiences simply require new wrds. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak als fuels language change because n tw individuals use a language in exactly the same way. ____18____ Thrugh ur day-t-day interactins, we pick up wrds and savings frm ther peple and integrate them int ur speech. Teens and yung adults, fr example, ften use different wrds and phrases frm their parents. Sme f them spread thrugh the ppulatin and slwly change the language.
____19____ Vcabulary can change quickly as new wrds are brrwed frm ther languages, r as wrds get cined, cmbined, r shrtened. Sme wrds are even created thrugh misinterpretatin f frm. As nted in the Linguistic Sciety f America’s publicatin Is English Changing?, the wrd pea is ne such example. Up until abut fur hundred years ag, pease culd refer t either a single pea r many peas. At sme pint, peple assumed that pease was the plural frm f a new wrd, pea, based n the way pease sunded. While vcabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the rder f wrds in a sentence changes mre slwly. ____20____ Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the prnunciatin f Middle English and Mdern English.
A. Changes in sund are smewhat harder t dcument but just as interesting.
B. Yet linguists find that all living languages change ver time — at different rates thugh.
C. As lng as peple are using a language, that language will underg sme change.
D. All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas f language use.
E. The three main areas f language that change ver time are vcabulary, sentence structure, and prnunciatin.
F. Even withut these kinds f influences, a language can change dramatically if enugh users adpt a new way f speaking.
G. The vcabulary and phrases peple use depend n where they live, their age, educatin level, scial status and ther factrs.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
The teenage years f an individual is marked by evaluating ne's values,experiencing a shift in utlks,and a tendency t act rebellius. It can als be a time when smene becmes extremely___21___ t negative influences,and is drawn twards dangerus situatins. On the ther hand,fr parents, the perid f their children's adlescence means regularly wrrying abut their safety and frmatin as a citizen. Thus, a methd f ___22___teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are ften seen as such a measure，since they have prved their ___23___the same time, certain peculiarities exist abut establishing curfews fr children.
The issue f teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this methd is still rather ___24___, and in Eurpean demcracies, where this measure is yet nt s widely used .The first and fremst reasn fr establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years t stay ut f streets starting frm midnight. This is believed t prtect them frm crimes cmmitted after nightfall,as well as frm breaking the law, and there exists serius evidence ___26___this belief. Fr example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates f juvenile crime were reprted t fall mre than 20 percent.Even mre impressive ___27___were recrded in Dallas, which reprted a 30-percent decrease in vilent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the verall rates f crimes cmmitted by yung peple (The New Yrk Times).
On the ther hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rb yung peple f their rights,___28___ their freedm. This pinin is ___29___ supprted by the fact that curfew vilatins(违规) and the respective charges are amng the mst ften cmmitted juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there were reprts claiming that plice arrested mre nn-white teenagers fr curfew vilatins.All this can cause a teenager t believe they have crssed a psychlgical line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start t see themselves as utlaws, which can ___31___ cmmitting mre serius crimes than a curfew ffense.
What is imprtant fr a parent t remember when establishing a curfew fr their children is that a teenager's misjudged view f certain___32___may cause them t misbehave in sme ther way; this is prved by research cnducted by the University f Minnesta, accrding t which teens tend t prtest against what they see as ___33___. Cnsidering this,parents shuld ___34___the authritarian style f establishing curfews; instead, they shuld have a cnversatin with their teenager that wuld be aimed at finding ideal cnditins fr a curfew that wuld ___35___bth sides.
21. A. ppsedB. subjectedC. relatedD. restricted
22. A. imprvingB. restringC. ensuringD. expanding
23. A. principleB. referenceC. apprachD. efficiency
24. A. ppularB. absentC. practicalD. accessible
25. A. TypicalB. EvidentC. CriticalD. Specific
26. A. in place fB. in hnr fC. in case fD. in favr f
27. A. resultsB. eventsC. patternsD. links
28. A. prtectingB. acknwledgingC. limitingD. liberating
29. A. fficiallyB. lgicallyC. particularlyD. physically
30. A. By cntrastB. In additinC. In cnclusinD. In general
31. A. take charge fB. cntribute tC. result frmD. deal with
32. A. rulesB. chargesC. crimesD. relatins
33. A. impliteB. unrealisticC. inadequateD. unfair
34. A. adptB. allwC. avidD. address
35. A. satisfyB. spareC. surrundD. settle
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Abut 800 meters abve sea level and next t the picturesque Taiping Lake, Hukeng village in Huangshan, a regin in the suth f Anhui prvince, seems ____36____(bless) by nature and is hme t the handmade tea variety.
Taiping Kwkui. Every spring ____37____ fggy days misten the emerald hillsides, villagers knw their harvest will cme. “____38____ any f three key factrs—prper lcatin, plant variety, r prcessing technique—the perfect Kwkui will nt be brn,” Fang Jifan, the fifth-generatin tea farmer says. “It’s ____39____ signature f ur hme.”
Kwkui’s exceptinally large leaves ften lead t its ____40____(mistake) fr “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but this “king” f green tea in Fang’s eyes beats ther ____41____(variety) at mre than just size. “Its ____42____(fragrant) and flavr als stand ut, thanks t the time- cnsuming wrk t prcess them.” Fang says.
Last Nvember, traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China ____43____(add) t the UNESCO Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity. “The tea culture nt nly reflects a refined taste in life, it als shws the beauty f craftsmanship ____44____ peple’s creativity,” says Zheng Yi, deputy head f Anhui Tea Culture Research Sciety. “Fr centuries, the scent f tea leaves _____45_____(ffer) nutritin t this land. This intangible cultural heritage f tea prcessing techniques is deeply rted in peple’s everyday life.”
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，某国际学校学生会主席。你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”(The Spirit f Chinese Scientists)为主题短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，
内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间
Cntributins Wanted
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
第二节读后续写(满分25分)
47. Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Hallween is a family traditin. We visit a lcal farm every Octber. In the pumpkin field, I cmpete with my three brthers and sister t seek ut the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have t carry ur pumpkins back hme, and as the eldest child I have an advantage — I carried an 85-punder (85磅重的南瓜) back last year.
This year, it was hard t tell whether my prize r the ne chsen by my 14-year-ld brther, Jasn, was the winner. Unfrtunately we frgt t weigh them befre taking ut their insides, but I was determined t prve my pint. All f us were hard at wrk at the kitchen table, with my mm filming the annual event. I’m unsure nw why I thught frcing my head inside the pumpkin wuld settle the matter, but it seemed t make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting n the table, hle uppermst (向上), I bent ver and pressed my head against the pening. At first I gt jammed (塞住) just abve my eyes and then, as I went n with my task, unwilling t quit, my nse briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed t put my whle head int it, like a crk (软木塞) frced int a bttle. I was able t straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting n my shulders.
My excitement was shrt-lived. The pumpkin was heavy. “I’m ging t set it dwn, nw,” I said, and with Jasn helping t supprt its weight, I bent back ver the table t give it smewhere t rest. It was nly when I tried t remve my head that I realized getting ut was ging t be less straightfrward than getting in. When I pulled hard, my nse gt in the way. I gt int a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and mved my head arund trying t find the right angle, but it was n use. “I can’t get it ut!” I shuted, my vice sunding unnaturally lud in the enclsed (封闭的) space.
注意：
1.续写词数应150左右；
2.请如下格式在相应位置作答。
It was five r six minutes thugh it felt much lnger.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The vide was psted nline the Mnday befre Hallween.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adult
Child*
Family**
3-day ticket
$90
$45
$225
5-day ticket
$120
$60
$300
7-day ticket
$140
$70
$350
第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
A
The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that cmbines the best f Sydney’s harbr, city, bay and beach highlights.
A SydneyPass gives yu unlimited and flexible travel n the Explrer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explrer shws yu arund ur exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bndi Explrer visits Sydney Harbur bays and famus beaches. Take t the water n ne f three magnificent daily harbr cruises (游船). Yu can als travel free n regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries r CityRail services (limited area), s yu can g t every crner f this beautiful city.
Imagine brwsing at Darling Harbur, tasting the famus seafd at Watsns Bay r enjying the city lights n an evening ferry cruise. The pssibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever yu decide t g, remember that bkings are nt required n any f ur services s tickets are treated n a first in, first seated basis.
SydneyPasses are available fr 3, 5 r 7 days fr use ver a 7-calendar-day perid. With a 3 r 5-day pass yu chse n which days ut f the 7 yu want t use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airprt Express inward trip befre starting yur 3, 5 r 7 days, and the return trip is valid fr 2 mnths frm the first day yur ticket was used.
SydneyPass Fares
*A child is defined as anyne frm the ages f 4 years t under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.
**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number f children frm 4 t under 16 years f age frm the same family.
1. A SydneyPass desn’t ffer unlimited rides n ________.
A. the Explrer BusesB. the harbr cruises
C. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services
2. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can ________.
A. save fares frm and t the airprt
B. take the Sydney Explrer t beaches
C. enjy the famus seafd fr free
D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant
3. If 5-day tickets were t be recmmended t a mther wh travelled with her clleague and her children aged 3, 6 and 10, what wuld the lwest cst be?
A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.
B
Mime (哑剧) pens up a new wrld t the behlder, but it des s insidiusly (隐匿地), nt by purpsely injecting pints f interest in the manner f a tur guide. Audiences are nt unlike visitrs t a freign land wh discver that the mdes, manners, and thughts f its inhabitants are nt meaningless ddities, but are sensible in cntext.
I remember nce when an audience seemed puzzled at what I was ding. At first, I tried t gain a mre immediate respnse by using slight exaggeratins. I sn realized that these actins had nthing t d with the audience’s understanding f the character. What I had believed t be a failure f the audience t respnd in the manner I expected was, in fact, nly their cncentratin n what I was ding; they were enjying a gradual awakening — a slw transitin f their understanding frm their wn time and place t ne that appeared s unexpectedly befre their eyes. This was evidenced by their grwing respnse t succeeding numbers.
Mime is an elusive art, as its expressin is entirely dependent n the ability f the perfrmer t imagine a character and t re-create that character fr each perfrmance. As a mime, I am a physical medium, the instrument upn which the figures f my imaginatin play their dance f life. The individuals in my audience als have respnsibilities—they must be alert cllabratrs. They cannt sit back, mindlessly self-cntent, and wait t have their emtins arused by fantastic musical sunds r visual rhythms r acrbatic feats, r by wrds that tell them what t think. Mime is an art that, paradxically, appeals bth t thse wh respnd instinctively t entertainment and t thse whse appreciatin is mre analytical and cmplex.
Between these extremes lie thse audiences cnditined t resist any cllabratin with what is played befre them, and these the mime must charm despite themselves. There is nly ne way t attack thse reluctant minds—take them unaware! They will be delighted at an unexpected pleasure.
4. The authr cmpares mime artist with tur guide because bth ________.
A. bring thers t strange placesB. explre new means f self-expressin
C. emply artistic methds t cmmunicateD. shape the way thers perceive a new situatin
5. The authr mst likely includes the incident described in paragraph 2 in rder t ________.
A. shw hw challenging the career f a mime can be
B. eliminate sme miscnceptins abut what a mime is like
C. prtray the intensity required t see the audience’s pint f view
D. indicate the adjustments an audience must make in watching mime
6. The underlined wrd “elusive” in paragraph 3 mst prbably means ________.
A easy t summarizeB. difficult t define
C. hard t cmmentD. natural t imitate
7. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is imprtant t the artistic success f mime?
A. Effective cmbinatin f varius dramatic elements.B. Incrpratin f realistic details.
C. Audience invlvement.D. Large audiences.
C
Is it true that ur brain alne is respnsible fr human cgnitin (认知)? What abut ur bdy? Is it pssible fr thught and behaviur t riginate frm smewhere ther than ur brain? Psychlgists wh study Embdied Cgnitin (EC) ask similar questins. The EC thery suggests ur bdy is als respnsible fr thinking r prblem-slving. Mre precisely, the mind shapes the bdy and the bdy shapes the mind in equal measure.
If yu think abut it fr a mment, it makes ttal sense. When yu smell smething gd r hear amusing sunds, certain emtins are awakened. Think abut hw newbrns use their senses t understand the wrld arund them. They dn’t have emtins s much as needs — they dn’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need fd. Even unbrn babies can feel their mthers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real wrld, they cry when they’re cld and then get hugged. That way, they start t assciate being warm with being lved.
Understandably, therists have been arguing fr years and still disagree n whether the brain is the nerve centre that perates the rest f the bdy. Older Western philsphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC therises that the brain and bdy are wrking tgether as an rganic supercmputer, prcessing everything and frming yur reactins.
Further studies have backed up the mind-bdy interactin. In ne experiment, test subjects were asked t judge peple after being handed a ht r a cld drink. They all made warm evaluatins when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than clness. And it wrks the ther way t. In anther study, subjects’ fingertip temperatures were measured after being “included” in r “rejected” frm a grup task. Thse wh were included felt physically warmer.
Fr further prf, we can lk at the metaphrs (比喻) that we use withut even thinking. A kind and sympathetic persn is frequently referred t as ne with a sft heart and smene wh is very strng and calm in difficult situatins is ften described as slid as a rck. And this kind f metaphrical use is cmmn acrss languages.
Nw that yu have the knwledge f mind-bdy interactin, why nt use it? If yu’re having a bad day, a warm cup f tea will give yu a flash f pleasure. If yu knw yu’re physically cld, warm up befre making any interpersnal decisins.
8. Accrding t the authr, what is the significance f EC?
A. It brings us clser t the truth in human cgnitin.
B. It ffers a clearer picture f the shape f human brain.
C. It reveals the majr rle f the mind in human cgnitin.
D. It facilitates ur understanding f the rigin f psychlgy.
9. Where des the newbrns’ understanding f their surrundings start frm?
A. Their persnal lks.B. Their mental needs.
C. Their inner emtins.D. Their physical feelings.
10. What des the authr intend t prve by citing the metaphrs in Paragraph 5?
A. Human speech is alive with metaphrs.
B. Human senses have effects n thinking.
C. Human language is shaped by visual images.
D. Human emtins are ften cmpared t natural materials.
11. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the last paragraph?
A. T deepen the readers’ understanding f EC.
B. T encurage the reader t put EC int practice.
C. T guide the reader nt the path t career success.
D. T share with the reader ways t release their emtins.
D
Financial regulatins in Britain have impsed a rather unusual rule n the bsses f big banks. Starting next year any guaranteed bnus f tp executives culd be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigatin fr wrngding. The main purpse f this “clawback” rule is t hld bankers respnsible fr harmful risk-taking and t restre public trust in financial institutin. Yet fficials als hpe fr a much larger benefit: mre lng-term decisin-making nt nly by banks but als by all crpratins, t build a strnger ecnmy fr future generatins.
“Shrt-termism” r the desire fr quick prfits, has wrsened in publicly traded cmpanies, says the Bank f England’s tp ecnmist, Andrew Haldane. He qutes a giant f classical ecnmies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children wh pick the strawberries ut f their pudding t eat them at nce” rather than putting them aside t be eaten last.
The average time fr hlding a stck in bth the United States and Britain, he ntes, has drpped frm seven years t seven mnths in recent decades. Transient(短期的)investrs, wh demand high quarterly prfits frm cmpanies, can hld back a firm’s effrts t invest in lng-term research r t build up custmer lyalty. This has been called “quarterly capitalism”.
In additin, new digital technlgies have allwed mre rapid trading f equities(股票), quicker use f infrmatin, and thus shrtens attentin spans in financial markets. “There seems t be an advantage f shrt-term thinking at the expense f lng-term investing,” said Cmmissiner Daniel Gallagher f the US Securities and Exchange Cmmissin in speech this week.
In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act f 2002 has pushed mst public cmpanies t delay perfrmance bnuses fr senir executives by abut a year, slightly helping reduce “shrt-termism.” In its latest survey f CEO pay, The Wall Street Jurnal finds that “a substantial part” f executive pay is nw tied t perfrmance.
Much mre culd be dne t encurage “lng-termism,” such as changes in the tax cde and quicker disclsure(披露)f stck acquisitins. In France, sharehlders wh hld nt a cmpany investment fr at least tw years can smetimes earn mre vting rights in a cmpany.
Within cmpanies, the right cmpensatin design can prvide mtivatin fr executives t think beynd their wn time at the cmpany and n behalf f all sharehlders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder t bankers that sciety has an interest in their perfrmance, nt just fr the shrt term but fr the lng term.
12. One reasn fr impsing the new rule is the regulatins _________.
A. enhance banker’s sense f respnsibility
B. help crpratins achieve larger prfits
C. build a new system f financial regulatin
D. guarantee the bnuses f tp executives
13. What can be learned abut “Shrt-termism” frm the passage?
A. Children always pursue shrt-term prfits by eating strawberries first.
B. The influence f it n the cmpanies can be negative in the lng run.
C. It will bring high prfits fr the cmpany, thus keeping its custmers.
D. Digital technlgy acts as a dminant cntributr t its wrsening.
14. The US and France examples in paragraph 5 and 6 are used t illustrate ________.
A. the bstacles t preventing “shrt-termism”
B. the significance f lng-term thinking
C. the appraches t prmting “lng-termism”
D. the ppularity f shrt-term thinking
15. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Failure f Quarterly Capitalism
B. Patience as a Crprate Virtue
C. Decisiveness Required f Tp Executives
D. Frustratin f Risk-taking Bankers
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
In sme ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed dwn thrugh the generatins reliably enugh fr parents and children t cmmunicate with each ther. ____16____ Fr example, while Japanese has changed relatively little ver a thusand years, English evlved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s furteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impssible t read.
Languages change fr a variety f reasns. Large-scale shifts ften ccur in respnse t scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures, as there are many examples f language change fueled by invasins, clnizatin, and migratin. _____17_____ Frequently, the needs f speakers drive language change. New technlgies industries, prducts and experiences simply require new wrds. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak als fuels language change because n tw individuals use a language in exactly the same way. ____18____ Thrugh ur day-t-day interactins, we pick up wrds and savings frm ther peple and integrate them int ur speech. Teens and yung adults, fr example, ften use different wrds and phrases frm their parents. Sme f them spread thrugh the ppulatin and slwly change the language.
____19____ Vcabulary can change quickly as new wrds are brrwed frm ther languages, r as wrds get cined, cmbined, r shrtened. Sme wrds are even created thrugh misinterpretatin f frm. As nted in the Linguistic Sciety f America’s publicatin Is English Changing?, the wrd pea is ne such example. Up until abut fur hundred years ag, pease culd refer t either a single pea r many peas. At sme pint, peple assumed that pease was the plural frm f a new wrd, pea, based n the way pease sunded. While vcabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the rder f wrds in a sentence changes mre slwly. ____20____ Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the prnunciatin f Middle English and Mdern English.
A. Changes in sund are smewhat harder t dcument but just as interesting.
B. Yet linguists find that all living languages change ver time — at different rates thugh.
C. As lng as peple are using a language, that language will underg sme change.
D. All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas f language use.
E. The three main areas f language that change ver time are vcabulary, sentence structure, and prnunciatin.
F. Even withut these kinds f influences, a language can change dramatically if enugh users adpt a new way f speaking.
G. The vcabulary and phrases peple use depend n where they live, their age, educatin level, scial status and ther factrs.
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
The teenage years f an individual is marked by evaluating ne's values,experiencing a shift in utlks,and a tendency t act rebellius. It can als be a time when smene becmes extremely___21___ t negative influences,and is drawn twards dangerus situatins. On the ther hand,fr parents, the perid f their children's adlescence means regularly wrrying abut their safety and frmatin as a citizen. Thus, a methd f ___22___teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are ften seen as such a measure，since they have prved their ___23___the same time, certain peculiarities exist abut establishing curfews fr children.
The issue f teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this methd is still rather ___24___, and in Eurpean demcracies, where this measure is yet nt s widely used .The first and fremst reasn fr establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years t stay ut f streets starting frm midnight. This is believed t prtect them frm crimes cmmitted after nightfall,as well as frm breaking the law, and there exists serius evidence ___26___this belief. Fr example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates f juvenile crime were reprted t fall mre than 20 percent.Even mre impressive ___27___were recrded in Dallas, which reprted a 30-percent decrease in vilent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the verall rates f crimes cmmitted by yung peple (The New Yrk Times).
On the ther hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rb yung peple f their rights,___28___ their freedm. This pinin is ___29___ supprted by the fact that curfew vilatins(违规) and the respective charges are amng the mst ften cmmitted juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there were reprts claiming that plice arrested mre nn-white teenagers fr curfew vilatins.All this can cause a teenager t believe they have crssed a psychlgical line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start t see themselves as utlaws, which can ___31___ cmmitting mre serius crimes than a curfew ffense.
What is imprtant fr a parent t remember when establishing a curfew fr their children is that a teenager's misjudged view f certain___32___may cause them t misbehave in sme ther way; this is prved by research cnducted by the University f Minnesta, accrding t which teens tend t prtest against what they see as ___33___. Cnsidering this,parents shuld ___34___the authritarian style f establishing curfews; instead, they shuld have a cnversatin with their teenager that wuld be aimed at finding ideal cnditins fr a curfew that wuld ___35___bth sides.
21. A. ppsedB. subjectedC. relatedD. restricted
22. A. imprvingB. restringC. ensuringD. expanding
23. A. principleB. referenceC. apprachD. efficiency
24. A. ppularB. absentC. practicalD. accessible
25. A. TypicalB. EvidentC. CriticalD. Specific
26. A. in place fB. in hnr fC. in case fD. in favr f
27. A. resultsB. eventsC. patternsD. links
28. A. prtectingB. acknwledgingC. limitingD. liberating
29. A. fficiallyB. lgicallyC. particularlyD. physically
30. A. By cntrastB. In additinC. In cnclusinD. In general
31. A. take charge fB. cntribute tC. result frmD. deal with
32. A. rulesB. chargesC. crimesD. relatins
33. A. impliteB. unrealisticC. inadequateD. unfair
34. A. adptB. allwC. avidD. address
35. A. satisfyB. spareC. surrundD. settle
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Abut 800 meters abve sea level and next t the picturesque Taiping Lake, Hukeng village in Huangshan, a regin in the suth f Anhui prvince, seems ____36____(bless) by nature and is hme t the handmade tea variety.
Taiping Kwkui. Every spring ____37____ fggy days misten the emerald hillsides, villagers knw their harvest will cme. “____38____ any f three key factrs—prper lcatin, plant variety, r prcessing technique—the perfect Kwkui will nt be brn,” Fang Jifan, the fifth-generatin tea farmer says. “It’s ____39____ signature f ur hme.”
Kwkui’s exceptinally large leaves ften lead t its ____40____(mistake) fr “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but this “king” f green tea in Fang’s eyes beats ther ____41____(variety) at mre than just size. “Its ____42____(fragrant) and flavr als stand ut, thanks t the time- cnsuming wrk t prcess them.” Fang says.
Last Nvember, traditinal tea prcessing techniques and assciated scial practices in China ____43____(add) t the UNESCO Representative List f the Intangible Cultural Heritage f Humanity. “The tea culture nt nly reflects a refined taste in life, it als shws the beauty f craftsmanship ____44____ peple’s creativity,” says Zheng Yi, deputy head f Anhui Tea Culture Research Sciety. “Fr centuries, the scent f tea leaves _____45_____(ffer) nutritin t this land. This intangible cultural heritage f tea prcessing techniques is deeply rted in peple’s everyday life.”
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，某国际学校学生会主席。你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”(The Spirit f Chinese Scientists)为主题短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，
内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间
Cntributins Wanted
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Unin
第二节读后续写(满分25分)
47. Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Hallween is a family traditin. We visit a lcal farm every Octber. In the pumpkin field, I cmpete with my three brthers and sister t seek ut the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have t carry ur pumpkins back hme, and as the eldest child I have an advantage — I carried an 85-punder (85磅重的南瓜) back last year.
This year, it was hard t tell whether my prize r the ne chsen by my 14-year-ld brther, Jasn, was the winner. Unfrtunately we frgt t weigh them befre taking ut their insides, but I was determined t prve my pint. All f us were hard at wrk at the kitchen table, with my mm filming the annual event. I’m unsure nw why I thught frcing my head inside the pumpkin wuld settle the matter, but it seemed t make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting n the table, hle uppermst (向上), I bent ver and pressed my head against the pening. At first I gt jammed (塞住) just abve my eyes and then, as I went n with my task, unwilling t quit, my nse briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed t put my whle head int it, like a crk (软木塞) frced int a bttle. I was able t straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting n my shulders.
My excitement was shrt-lived. The pumpkin was heavy. “I’m ging t set it dwn, nw,” I said, and with Jasn helping t supprt its weight, I bent back ver the table t give it smewhere t rest. It was nly when I tried t remve my head that I realized getting ut was ging t be less straightfrward than getting in. When I pulled hard, my nse gt in the way. I gt int a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and mved my head arund trying t find the right angle, but it was n use. “I can’t get it ut!” I shuted, my vice sunding unnaturally lud in the enclsed (封闭的) space.
注意：
1.续写词数应150左右；
2.请如下格式在相应位置作答。
It was five r six minutes thugh it felt much lnger.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The vide was psted nline the Mnday befre Hallween.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adult
Child*
Family**
3-day ticket
$90
$45
$225
5-day ticket
$120
$60
$300
7-day ticket
$140
$70
$350
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