2022-2023学年江苏省南京外国语学校高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省南京外国语学校高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
南外2022-2023高三上期中
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
A
Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So, let’s check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US.
Gotham Greens
Where: New York &Chicago
What: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago. Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year. But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables. It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.
Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students
Where: Baltimore, Maryland
What: The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food.
ReVision Urban Farm
Where: Boston, Massachusetts
What: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home-a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids. The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating, and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables. The organization also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.
Swale
Where: New York
What: Swale, a floating food forest located on a large boat, is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food. This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm. Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vines -each one complementing the other in a symbiotic (共生的) relationship.
1. What is special about Gotham Greens?
A. It provides job training for students. B. It uses high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food.
C. It creates a sustainable garden on a large boat. D. It offers homeless families information on healthy eating.
2. Which urban garden offers first-hand farming experience?
A. Gotham Greens. B. Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students
C. Revision Urban Farm. D. Swale.
3. What do these four urban gardens have in common?
A. They are inspirational multinational project. B. They have educational and entertaining purposes.
C. They create job opportunities for farmers. D. They are important for city dwellers.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍美国4个鼓舞人心的城市花园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Gotham Greens中的“It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.(该公司正在使用带有太阳能电池板的高科技温室，以确保种植的食物是健康和可持续的。)”可知Gotham Greens的特别之处是使用高科技温室种植健康食品，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students中的“The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs. Many of these kids don't have access to green spaces, and have never had the opportunity to grow food.( BUGS项目鼓励学生们通过课后和暑期项目亲自动手种植蔬菜。这些孩子中的许多人没有接触到绿色空间，也从来没有机会种植食物。)”可知BUGS项目能提供第一手的农耕经验，故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Urban gardens are valuable assets to communities. They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food, build community cohesion (凝聚力), make new friends, connect with the earth, and much more. So, let's check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US. (城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们提供绿色空间，种植可持续的食物，建立社区凝聚力，结交新朋友，与地球相连，等等。所以，让我们来看看我们列出的美国4个鼓舞人心的城市花园。)”可推断城市花园对城市居民很重要，所以这个4个城市花园的共同点也是对城市的居民很重要，故选D。
B
“What kind of stuff do you write?” one student asked on my first day at the University. After a decade away from the classroom, I was back to teaching.
“I write newspaper and magazine articles,” I said, “and creative non-fiction, as you’ll be doing.” It was a lie. I couldn’t remember when I’d last written a creative essay. It must have been before my distant mother fell ill, leaving me resigned to the idea that our story of family dysfunction would not end happily. It seemed that nothing I wrote could change that.
With a surplus of time and lack of inspiration, I accepted a position to teach creative non-fiction. Although I couldn’t get myself to tell my own stories, I could require that my students tell theirs. “You’re going to be keeping a journal,” I said with the kind of firm authority that didn’t work as self-talk. “And I want you to tell your stories like they matter.”
“Why do they matter?” a boy named Michael asked. Half-Chinese, half-Irish, he was outlaw handsome with a hard-set jaw and dark eyes. “I mean, who cares about our stories?”
Looking out at the students, I realized I didn’t have an answer. I stuttered, buying myself some time.
No one said a word. Either they didn’t know, or they were shy. Perhaps they were just tired from their busy lives. Many, I learned, worked full-time while in school full-time. Most, I assumed, didn’t have the faintest idea that their stories did matter.
Finally, I looked at Michael. “They matter because they do.” I said, lamely grappling for clarity. “Because it’s what you have. When you shape your experience into a story, it becomes yours and not just something that happened to you.”
Michael didn’t look convinced, but he didn’t challenge me, either.
In his first essay, Michael wrote about how he grew up on the streets of one of the worst neighbourhoods in Boston. He wrote about the night he was out with two other young men and had a pistol pointed at his face:
In that moment everything went blank. A rush of adrenaline (肾上腺素) and the feeling of numbness shot through my body as the guy cocked back the hammer. A cruiser drove by: giving us enough time to flee but a week later those guys I was with were shot. One took a bullet in the leg: the other took a bullet in the chest. Minutes after I got that news, I decided I was going to college.
He went on to write about how his high school English teacher, an elderly woman who saw his potential, helped him fill out a college application. Also with the help of other teachers, he came to this school.
I had Michael read his essay out loud. After he finished the class went so still that we could hear the sound of each other’s breath. I looked at Michael and saw a small softening in his dark eyes. When he finally sat back in his chair, it was like a coil unwinding.
After a moment, I said, “That’s why you tell your stories.”
I went home that night and picked up my journal from where it lay, dusty and untouched, by the side of my bed. I found a pen and gathered myself in a blanket. For the first time in months, I had to write.
4. Why did the author tell a lie?
A. He intended to get acquainted with students.
B. He wanted to strike students as professional.
C. He wanted to conceal the fact of being born unhappy
D. He couldn’t remember when he last wrote an essay.
5. What was Michael’s reaction to the author’s requirement?
A. Supportive B. Angry. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned.
6. What do we know from Michael’s story?
A. He used to be involved in criminal activities.
B. He didn’t receive any formal education before college.
C. He successfully applied for a college all on his own.
D. He was dissatisfied with his previous life and wanted to make a change.
7. What is the importance of telling your stories according to the author?
A. It adds color to our busy daily life.
B. It gives us inspiration for future life.
C. It provides us with an opportunity to rewrite our destiny.
D. It allows us to make meaning of what we’ve been through.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在大学工作的第一天鼓励学生去写一些创造性的故事，并因此事而明白了写作的真实意义，从而激发了自己写作的动力。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“I said with the kind of firm authority that didn’t work as self-talk.(我用那种坚定的权威说，不像是自言自语)”可知，作者撒谎是为了维护权威，给学生留下好的印象。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第八段中的“Michael didn’t look convinced, but he didn’t challenge me, either.(迈克尔看起来不相信，但他也没有挑战我)”可知，Michael既没挑战也没有接受，所以持怀疑态度。故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第十段Michael讲述的故事中的“One took a bullet in the leg: the other took a bullet in the chest. Minutes after I got that news, I decided I was going to college.(其中一人腿部中弹，另一人胸部中弹。在我得到这个消息几分钟后，我决定要上大学)”可推断，Michael对自己以前的生活不满，想要寻求改变。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“After he finished the class went so still that we could hear the sound of each other’s breath. I looked at Michael and saw a smal1 softening in his dark eyes.(他讲述完后，我们安静下来，我们能听到彼此的呼吸声。我看着迈克尔，看到他漆黑的眼睛里有一丝柔和)”对Michael讲述完后全班氛围的描述，以及后文“When he finally sat back in his chair, it was like a coil unwinding.(当他最后坐回椅子上时，就像一个线圈在松开)”Michael坐回到座位后的表现可推断，作者明白了讲故事会让自己经历过的事情变得有意义，从而在最后一段有了第一次真正想写日记的想法。故选D项。
C
Our character, basically, is a composite of our habits. “Sow a thought, reap an action; sow an action, reap a habit; sow a habit, reap a character; sow a character, reap a destiny,” the maxim goes.
Habits are powerful factors in our lives. Because they are consistent, often unconscious patterns, they constantly, daily, express our character and produce our effectiveness…or ineffectiveness.
As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, “Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.” I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know they can be broken. Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn’t a quick fix. It involves a process and a tremendous commitment.
Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo 11 were transfixed as we saw the first men walk on the moon and return to earth. Superlatives such as “fantastic” and “incredible” were inadequate to describe those eventful days. But to get there, those astronauts literally had to break out of the tremendous gravity pull of the earth. More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off, in the first few miles of travel, than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles.
Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull-more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. “Lift-off” takes a tremendous effort, but once we break out of the gravity pull, our freedom takes on a whole new dimension.
Like any natural force, the gravity pull can work with us or against us. The gravity pull of some of our habits may currently be keeping us from going where we want to go. But it is also the gravity pull that keeps our world together, that keeps the planets in their orbits and our universe in order. It is a powerful force, and if we use it effectively, we can use the gravity pull of habit to create the cohesiveness and order necessary to establish effectiveness in our lives.
8. The author disagrees with Horace Mann because the latter believes ______.
A. habits are like a cable B. habits can be leaned
C. habits learning is hard D. habits cannot be broken
9. The author compares launching spacecraft and breaking old habits mainly because ______.
A. They both involve a little willpower.
B. A lot of effort is needed during both the processes.
C. They both take a tremendous effort in the beginning
D. Once done, they’ll ensure people unlimited freedom.
10. What is the structure of the text?
A. B. C. D.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The breakoff of habits B. Powerful factors in our lives
C. The lift-off of gravity pull D. Important habits in our lives
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲人的品德基本上是由习惯组成的。习惯对我们的生活有很大的影响， 经年累月影响着我们的品德，暴露出我们的本性，左右着我们的成败，而我们也可以改变习惯。
8题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段“As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, ‘Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.’ I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. (正如伟大的教育家霍勒斯·曼曾经说过的那样，‘习惯就像一根电缆。我们每天编织一股，很快它就无法被打破。’我个人不同意他的最后一句话。)”可知，作者不同意Horace Mann的观点：习惯是无法打破的。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第四段“More energy was spent in the first few minutes of lift-off, in the first few miles of travel, than was used over the next several days to travel half a million miles.(在起飞的最初几分钟，在飞行的最初几英里，所消耗的能量比接下来几天的50万英里要多。)”以及和第五段“Habits, too, have tremendous gravity pull-more than most people realize or would admit. Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness involves more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives.‘Lift-off’ takes a tremendous effort...(习惯也具有巨大的引力，比大多数人意识到或承认的更大。打破根深蒂固的习惯性倾向，如拖延、急躁、吹毛求疵或自私，这些都违反了人类有效性的基本原则，这不仅仅是一点点意志力和我们生活中的一些小变化。“拔出”需要巨大的努力……)”可知，作者将发射太空飞船和打破旧习惯进行类比是为了说明它们在刚开始的时候都需要巨大的努力。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文分析文章结构后可知，文章第一、二段是并列关系，主要讲习惯是我们生活中的重要因素，它是我们性格的综合表现；文章第三段作者提出自己的观点：习惯是可以改变的；文章四、五、六段是并列关系，主要说明改变习惯刚开始是需要很大的努力以及我们应该平衡习惯的利与弊，从而让它更好服务我们生活。由上分析再结合选项可知，应选A项。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第三段“As Horace Mann, the great educator, once said, ‘Habits are like a cable. We weave a strand of it every day and soon it cannot be broken.’ I personally do not agree with the last part of his expression. I know they can be broken. Habits can be learned and unlearned. But I also know it isn’t a quick fix. It involves a process and a tremendous commitment.(正如伟大的教育家霍勒斯·曼曾经说过的那样，‘习惯就像一根电缆。我们每天编织一股，很快它就无法被打破。”我个人不同意他的最后一句话。我知道它们可以被打破。习惯可以学习，也可以不被学习。但我也知道这不是一个快速解决方案。这需要一个过程和巨大的承诺。)’以及联系上下文可知，本文主要讲虽然刚开始需要很大努力，但习惯是可以打破重建的。所以A项“The breakoff of habits(习惯的改变)”符合文意，是最佳标题。故选A项。
D
The power of modern electronic media-the net, mobile phones and video games to capture the attention of the human mind particularly the young mind and then distract it, has lately become a subject of concern. We are, say the worriers, losing the ability to apply ourselves properly to a single task, like reading a book in its entirety or mastering a piece of music on an instrument with the result that our thinking is becoming shallower
Nicholas Carr, the American writer, has explored this theme for his new book The Shallows, in which he argues that new media are not just changing our habits but our brain too. It turns out that the mature human brain is not an immutable seat of personality and intellect but a changeable thing, subject to “neuroplasticity” (神经可塑性). When our activities alter so does the architecture of our brain “I’m not thinking the way I used to think,” writes Carr. “I feel it most strongly when I’m reading.” Years of internet use have, he suspects, dented his ability to read deeply to absorb himself in books: “My brain wasn’t just drifting. It was hungry. It was demanding to be fed the way the net fed it.” He describes getting fidgety when faced with a long text: “When we go online, we enter an environment that promotes cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking, and superficial learning.”
Carr cites research by Gary Small, a professor of psychiatry at UCLA, who concluded that constant exposure to modern media strengthens new neural pathways while weakening older ones. Just five hours of internet use is enough to awaken previously dormant parts of the brain’s prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮层), concluded Small. For Carr, this is proof that the net can rewire the mind. He sees dangers. Deep thought, the ability to immerse oneself in an area of study, to follow a narrative, to understand an argument and develop a critique, is giving way to skimming. Young users of the Internet are good at drawing together information for a school project, for example, but that does not mean they have digested it.
12. The underlined word “dented” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. strengthened B. exhausted C. stimulated D. damaged
13. In his new book, The Shallows, Nicholas Carr believes that ______.
A. five hours of net use can rewire the mind
B. modern electronic media help focus users attention on the task
C. electronic media have affected his fulfillment of reading books
D. our brain evolves when fed with information and knowledge from the net
14. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The sharper the attention, the sharper the memory.
B. Nicholas Carr’s book on the subject is a bestseller.
C. Superficial thinking and learning are associated with the new media.
D. Years of internet use do harm to people’s management over multi-tasking.
15. What is the overall danger of the Internet that Carr pointed out in the last paragraph?
A. Young users cannot digest information from the Internet.
B. Using the Internet will cause damage to our prefrontal cortex.
C. Constant internet use will impair our intensive reading ability
D. The Internet can waste young users’ time to an alarming extent
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了现代电子媒体不仅改变了我们的习惯，也改变了我们的大脑。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“He describes getting fidgety when faced with a long text: “When we go online, we enter an environment that promotes cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking, and superficial learning.””(他描述了自己在面对长篇文章时变得焦躁不安的情况:“当我们上网时，我们进入了一个促进草草阅读、匆忙和分心思考、肤浅学习的环境。”)”可知，此处表达作者因为多年的网络使用，使他无法再沉下心来阅读长篇文章，所以是损害了他深入阅读、全身心投入书籍的能力，所以dented意思是是“损害”之意，和damaged意思相近。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Nicholas Carr, the American writer, has explored this theme for his new book The Shallows, in which he argues that new media are not just changing our habits but our brain too.(美国作家尼古拉斯·卡尔在他的新书《浅滩》中探讨了这一主题。他在书中认为，新媒体不仅改变了我们的习惯，也改变了我们的大脑)”以及“When our activities alter so does the architecture of our brain “I’m not thinking the way I used to think,” writes Carr. “I feel it most strongly when I’m reading.” Years of internet use have, he suspects, dented his ability to read deeply to absorb himself in books: “My brain wasn’t just drifting. It was hungry. It was demanding to be fed the way the net fed it.” He describes getting fidgety when faced with a long text: “When we go online, we enter an environment that promotes cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking, and superficial learning.””(“当我阅读时，这种感觉最强烈。”他怀疑，多年的网络使用削弱了他深入阅读、全身心投入书籍的能力:“我的大脑不只是飘忽不定。它饿了。它要求以网络喂养它的方式喂养它。”他描述了自己在面对长篇文章时变得焦躁不安的情况:“当我们上网时，我们进入了一个促进草草阅读、匆忙和分心思考、肤浅学习的环境。”)”可知，尼古拉斯·卡尔在他的新书《浅滩》中认为电子媒体影响了他读书的满足感。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题，根据第二段中“He describes getting fidgety when faced with a long text: “When we go online, we enter an environment that promotes cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking, and superficial learning.””(他描述了自己在面对长篇文章时变得焦躁不安的情况：“当我们上网时，我们进入了一个促进草草阅读、匆忙和分心思考、肤浅学习的环境。”)”可知，在本文中我们可以看到肤浅的思考和学习与新媒体联系在一起。故选C项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For Carr, this is proof that the net can rewire the mind. He sees dangers. Deep thought, the ability to immerse oneself in an area of study, to follow a narrative, to understand an argument and develop a critique, is giving way to skimming.(对于卡尔来说，这证明了网络可以重塑思维。他看到了危险。深入思考，让自己沉浸在一个研究领域的能力，追随一段叙述，理解一个论点并提出批评，正在让位于略读)”可知，卡尔在本段中指出的互联网的总体危险是经常上网会让我们倾向于略读一段文字，这会损害我们的精读能力。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
I have been lucky enough to be right next to dolphins playing in perfect surf, using the power of the waves to travel even faster than they normally swim. ___16___ Though I can’t swim like a dolphin, I can experience this same fun when bodysurfing.
Bodysurfing involves riding on a wave with no help from any buoyant device such as a surfboard, which makes it the “purest” form of surfing. ___17___
Nevertheless, it is more enjoyable-and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster, and so catch waves and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable unless you are bodysurfing in tropical seas. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to generate more speed along the wave. ___18___
To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. ___19___ If you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.
___20___ However, it does have its own unofficial world championship-the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic held each year at the legendary Banzai Pipeline in Hawaii. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France, in terrifying walls of water above the razor-sharp coral reef. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history has also competed.
For me no other sport is as much fun as bodysurfing. There’s a good reason why dolphins choose not to use surfboards!
A. Bodysurfing is not a professional sport.
B. These are frowned on by purists however.
C. There is no doubt they are enjoying themselves.
D. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave.
E. For quicker rides, search for peaky waves that break easily and effectively
F. By bodysurfing, you’ll come to comprehend waves on an unheard-of level.
G. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports that can be practised using nothing but the human body.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. B 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项体育运动——身体冲浪。
【16题详解】
由后文“Though I can’t swim like a dolphin, I can experience this same fun when bodysurfing.(虽然我不能像海豚一样游泳，但我可以在身体冲浪时体验同样的乐趣)”可知，作者和海豚获得了同样的乐趣。结合though推知空处内容与后文为转折关系，指出海豚游泳时非常开心。C项There is no doubt they are enjoying themselves.(毫无疑问，它们玩得很开心)符合文意，其中they和上文dolphins对应，enjoying themselves和下文fun对应。故选C项。
17题详解】
由前文“Bodysurfing involves riding on a wave with no help from any buoyant device such as a surfboard, which makes it the “purest” form of surfing.(身体冲浪是指在没有任何漂浮装置（如冲浪板）帮助的情况下，在波浪上冲浪，这是“最纯粹”的冲浪形式)”可知，作者在这里解释什么是身体冲浪，G项In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports that can be practised using nothing but the human body.(事实上，这是极少数只使用人体就可以练习的极限运动之一)符合文意，其中using nothing but the human body和上文 with no help from any buoyant device对应，本句对身体冲浪进一步解释。故选G项。
【18题详解】
由上文“Nevertheless, it is more enjoyable-and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster, and so catch waves and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable unless you are bodysurfing in tropical seas. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to generate more speed along the wave.(尽管如此，如果你使用脚蹼（大号平底橡胶鞋），它会更有趣、更安全。这是因为它们能让你游得更快，所以更容易捕捉海浪并沿着海浪冲浪。除非你在热带海域进行身体冲浪，否则潜水服也是可取的。另一个辅助工具是一个手板，一个大约有熨斗大小的迷你冲浪板，用一只手握住，以沿着海浪产生更大的速度)”可知，这里主要讲借助外物进行身体冲浪，B项These are frowned on by purists, however.(然而，这些都遭到了纯粹主义者的反对)符合文意，其中These代指上面借助外物的方法。故选B项。
【19题详解】
由后文“If you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. (如果你做得正确，你会感觉到海浪把你举起来，推动你前进)”可知，这里在讲怎样用身体冲浪，D项You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave.(你必须设法以与海浪相同的速度旅行)符合语境，且这句和后文 do it correctly对应。故选D项。
【20题详解】
由后文“However, it does have its own unofficial world championship-the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic held each year at the legendary Banzai Pipeline in Hawaii. (然而，它确实有自己的非官方世界锦标赛——每年在夏威夷传奇的Banzai Pipeline举行的Pipeline冲浪经典赛)”可知，这里讲在夏威夷举行冲浪赛，A项Bodysurfing is not a professional sport.(身体冲浪不是一项职业运动)符合语境，与后文However后的内容形成转折关系。故选A项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
I line up in front of the omelette lady at Sukhumvit Soi 38, which is sometimes called “the eating soi”. She ___21___ my shrimp and squid into a hot wok with egg and oil. The results, served up with a side of rice, are tasty and cheap.
My travels have taken me ___22___ Asia, but I have found no better place than Bangkok when it comes to street food
Each weekend, the 10,000 merchants at the Chatuchak market ___23___ everything from pants to pets, liquor to lacquer. ___24___ there’s food, and with some determination you can find Dararat “Ann” Wisaijorn’s Green Chilli Kitchen. Ann says she's famous in Bangkok. “Everybody knows” she ___25___. “High society.” I don’t doubt it. Sublime dishes like Panang Moo crispy fish and pork with lemon grass, are ___26___ by sauces that provide a little sweetness, a touch of tang (浓烈的气味) or a(n) ___27___ burn.
Near the busy Banglamphu district, I ___28___ a more modest group of carts, one of which has bugs. Piles of them, fried up and ready to go. ___29___ that is, if I am. Not all Thais are fond of six-legged snacks. Insect _____30_____ comes from the poorer north-eastern regions, where _____31_____ is the mother of culinary invention. Perhaps these big, glistening bugs are fabulous but I never _____32_____ to find out. I order locusts and silk worms instead, dipped in a vat of clear sauce and served up in a plastic bag.
The locusts are crispy, with a nutty _____33_____. Perhaps that’s the sauce, or perhaps it’s what birds have been singing about for so long. But they are tasty. The silkworms have a richer flavour, and a creamy centre. I can _____34_____ imagine the ad campaign.
Later, near Pier 13, I stand waiting for a woman to grill me some octopus on a stick. Two teenagers in school uniforms step up and order sausages. “I don’t trust sausages,” I say “But you trust that?” says one of the girls, pointing to my serving of tentacles. Good point. Just then the spice kicks in, and I wave a(n) _____35_____ goodbye. Gotta find a bottle of water.
21. A. moves B. spits C. throws D. launches
22. A. through B. throughout C. into D. to
23. A. offer B. give C. exhibit D. export
24 A. Ideally B. Fortunately C. Hopefully D. Naturally
25. A. murmurs B. suggests C. insists D. demands
26. A. assisted B. accompanied C. absorbed D. affected
27. A. pleasant B. acceptable C. complete D. painful
28. A. attend to B. look for C. break into D. come across
29. A. Afraid B. Surprised C. Ready D. Lucky
30. A. art B. cuisine C. culture D. trade
31. A. practicality B. actuality C. commonality D. adaptability
32. A. intend B. like C. aim D. promise
33. A. touch B. shape C. flavour D. smell
34. A. never B. still C. hardly D. already
35. A. forced B. hurried C. unexpected D. undecided
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者在泰国曼谷尝试各种小吃的经历。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把我要的虾和鱿鱼放进热锅里，加入鸡蛋和油。A. moves移动；B. spits吐出；C. throws扔，投；D. launches发射。根据下文“into a hot wok with egg and oil”可知是把作者点的食材扔进锅中，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我的旅行带我走遍了整个亚洲，但说到街头小吃，我发现没有哪个地方比曼谷更好。A. through穿过；B. throughout遍及；C. into进入；D. to朝，向。根据下文“but I have found no better place than Bangkok when it comes to street food”可知作者应该是走遍了整个亚洲，才能选出最好吃的街头小吃，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个周末，Chatuchak市场的一万名商人都会提供从裤子到宠物、从酒到漆器的各种商品。A. offer提供；B. give给予；C. exhibit展览；D. export出口。根据下文“everything from pants to pets, liquor to lacquer”和常识可知是商人提供商品出售，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自然，这里有食物，只要你有决心，你就能找到Dararat“Ann”Wisaijorn的绿辣椒厨房。A. Ideally理想地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Naturally自然地。根据下文“with some determination you can find Dararat “Ann” Wisaijorn’s Green Chilli Kitchen.”说明自然这里也有食物，因为你都能够找到Dararat “Ann” Wisaijorn’s Green Chilli Kitchen（应该是一家餐馆），故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“每个人都知道”她坚持道。“上流社会”。A. murmurs小声说；B. suggests建议；C. insists坚持说；D. demands要求。根据上文“Ann says she's famous in Bangkok.”可知Ann应该是再次强调一下她很出名，所以应该是坚持说，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像槟榔木脆皮鱼和柠檬草猪肉这样的令人赞叹的菜肴，配以酱汁，带着一点甜味、一丝浓烈的气味或令人愉悦的灼烧。A. assisted帮助；B. accompanied伴随，陪伴；C. absorbed吸收；D. affected影响。根据下文“by sauces that provide a little sweetness, a touch of tang (浓烈的气味) or a(n) ___7___ burn.”可知是搭配酱汁，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. pleasant令人愉悦的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. complete完整的；D.painful痛苦的。根据上文“Sublime dishes like Panang Moo crispy fish and pork with lemon grass, are ___6___ by sauces that provide a little sweetness, a touch of tang (浓烈的气味)”可知这样美味的菜肴，可知灼烧出的味道一定是令人愉快的，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在繁忙的孟加拉区附近，我偶遇一群比较简朴的手推车，其中一辆有虫子。A. attend to处理；B. look for寻找；C. break into 闯入；D. come across偶然遇到。根据下文“Piles of them, fried up and ready to go.”可知是作者偶然遇到装满虫子的手推车。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些准备好了，如果我准备好了。A. Afraid害怕的；B. Surprised惊讶的；C. Ready准备好的；D. Lucky幸运的。根据上文“Piles of them, fried up and ready to go. ”可知成堆的虫子，炸熟了就可以吃了，因此可知，已经准备就绪。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：昆虫烹饪来自贫穷的东北地区，在那里实用是烹饪发明之母。A. art艺术；B. cuisine烹饪；C. culture文化；D. trade贸易。根据上文“Not all Thais are fond of six-legged snacks.”可知因为不是所有的泰国人都喜欢六条腿的零食，所以进一步介绍昆虫烹饪是来自哪里的，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. practicality实用；B. actuality现实；C. commonality 共性；D. adaptability适应性。根据上文“Insect ____10____ comes from the poorer north-eastern regions”可知是昆虫烹饪来自贫穷的东北地区，所以对于烹饪，宗旨应该是能吃的东西，也就是实用，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许这些闪闪发光的大虫子很神奇，但我从来没打算去弄清楚。A. intend打算；B. like喜欢；C. aim旨在；D. promise答应。根据下文“I order locusts and silk worms instead, dipped in a vat of clear sauce and served up in a plastic bag.”可知作者没打算去弄清楚那些巨大的虫子，只是点了蝗虫和蚕蛹，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：蝗虫很脆，有坚果的味道。A. touch触觉；B. shape形状；C. flavour味道；D. smell气味。根据下文“But they are tasty. The silkworms have a richer flavour”可知此处说的是味道，词汇复现，故选C。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我已经能想象广告宣传了。A. never从不；B. still仍然；C. hardly几乎不；D. already已经。根据上文“Perhaps that’s the sauce, or perhaps it’s what birds have been singing about for so long. But they are tasty. The silkworms have a richer flavour, and a creamy centre.(也许那是调味汁，也许它就是鸟儿们一直为之歌唱的东西。但是它们很好吃。桑蚕的味道更浓郁，中间有奶油味。)”可知作者形容吃虫子的美味，都已经能想象出广告宣传了，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，调味剂开始起作用了，我匆匆挥了挥手说再见。A. forced被迫的；B. hurried匆忙的；C. unexpected出乎意料的；D. undecided未确定的。根据上文 “‘I don’t trust sausages,’ I say ‘But you trust that?’ says one of the girls, pointing to my serving of tentacles. Good point. Just then the spice kicks in(“我觉得香肠不可靠，”我说，“但你觉得那个可靠?其中一个女孩指着我的触手说。说得好。就在这时，调味剂开始发挥作用)”以及下文“Gotta find a bottle of water”可知作者因为调味剂的味道匆忙离开了，找到一瓶水，故选B。
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
语法填空
Emerging evidence in humans suggests a typically Western high-fat, high-sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain’s appetite control.
After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored _____36_____ (badly) on memory tests and experienced a greater desire to eat junk food, even _____37_____ they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)—a region of the brain _____38_____ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby _____39_____ (reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, _____40_____ control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on mice has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive _____41_____ junk food, but recently this_____42_____ (observe) only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of toasted sandwiches and milkshakes, researchers found _____43_____ (participate) didn’t perform well on learning and memory tests which are typically _____44_____ (depend) on the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team have found that not only do such high-fat, high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, but they appear to directly affect our ability_____45_____ (control) our appetite.
【答案】36. worse
37. when 38. that##which
39. reducing
40. the 41. to
42. has been observed
43. participants
44. dependent
45. to control
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述人们新发现的证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食会迅速削弱大脑的食欲控制。
【36题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：澳大利亚的研究人员在给志愿者提供了为期一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的油腻食物后，发现年轻健康的志愿者在记忆力测试中得分较低，而且更想吃垃圾食品，甚至当他们已经吃饱了。分析句子结构可知，根据空后的and可知，空处应该和greater并列，所以也应用比较级，副词badly的比较级是worse。故填worse。
【37题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：澳大利亚的研究人员在给志愿者提供了为期一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的油腻食物后，发现年轻健康的志愿者在记忆力测试中得分较低，而且更想吃垃圾食品，甚至当他们已经吃饱了。分析句子结构可知，空处表达的是“甚至当他们已经吃饱了时，更想吃垃圾食品”之意。可知，空处引导的是时间状语从句，用when引导。故填when。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：研究结果表明，海马体是大脑里的一个区域，里面中有一种特殊的物质支持记忆，有助于调节食欲。分析知，空处引导定语从句，a region of the brain是hippocampus的同位语，先行词是hippocampus，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们吃饱时，海马体被认为会平息我们对美味食物的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is thought，所以reduce应该用非谓语动词形式，该空是前句导致的意料之中、自然而然的结果，此处应该用现在分词做结果状语。故填reducing。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当它被中断时，这种控制可能会严重损坏。分析句子结构可知，前文已提到过appetite control，上文提到过的名词，下文再提到时，名词前应加定冠词the表特指。故填the。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马区的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但最近只在年轻和健康的人身上观察到这一点。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填to。
【42题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马区的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但最近只在年轻和健康的人身上观察到这一点。分析句子结构可知，本句是but引导的并列句，后句中缺少谓语动词，所以observe做谓语，根据时间状语recently，可知应该用现在完成时，主语this代指前文提到的“海马区的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感”这件事，为第三人称单数，且和谓语动词是被动关系，应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been observed。
43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：2017年，在吃了一周烤三明治和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现不佳，而这些测试通常依赖于海马体。分析句子结构可知，本句是省略that的宾语从句，空处在从句中做主语，应填名词，participant意为“参与者”，是可数名词，此处应填复数形式。故填participants。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。句意：2017年，在吃了一周烤三明治和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现不佳，而这些测试通常依赖于海马体。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词are，所以空处应填形容词做表语，此处考查固定搭配：be dependent on意为“依靠，依赖”。故填dependent。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎还会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。分析句子结构可知，ability to do sth,是习惯性用法，意为“做某事的能力”，control用不定式作后置定语。故填to control。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你是高三学生李华，学校环保社社长。近期，你打算在学校开展一次“减塑”(Less Plastic) 社团活动。请你给王校长写一封申请信，内容包括：1. 社团活动的时间和地点；2. 社会活动的内容。
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am Li Hua, the leader of the Environment Protection Club.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Wang,
I am Li Hua, the leader of the Environment Protection Club. In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity, so I am writing to apply for the permission for it.
As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics. The “Less Plastics” activity which is of great help will be held next Monday along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10 a.m. to 12 a.m. First, we will design some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in advance. Then, one of our club member will give a speech about how to reduce plastics next Monday.
What do you think of our activity? I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学校环保社社长李华的身份，给校长写一封信，申请在学校举办一次“减塑”的社团活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
社团：club→association
导致：lead to→contribute to
减少：reduce→cut down
提前：ahead of time→in advance
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First, we will design some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in advance. Then, one of our club member will give a speech about how to reduce plastics next Monday.
拓展句：First, we will design some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in advance, and one of our club member will give a speech about how to reduce plastics next Monday.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The “Less Plastics” activity which is of great help will be held next Monday along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10 a.m. to 12 a.m. (运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Then, one of our club member will give a speech about how to reduce plastics next Monday. (运用了疑问副词how + to do的结构作介词宾语)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“I wish my mother had a ring like those the ladies wear at the hotel,” said Hiram Green to himself one day. Hiram was the son of a fisherman, but the fisherman had died when Hiram was a little boy. Hiram’s mother took on sewing work to earn money to support herself and her son. He helped her when he could re out of school hours, and during vacation time. He had two uncles who had taught him how to catch shrimps. With the money he earned by selling them he could buy things for his own use or pleasure. He had a “bank” almost full of what he called his “shrimp money.”
The sight of the flashing diamonds on the hands of some of the summer visitors at the fishing village in which he lived had added a new article to the list of beautiful things his mother would own someday. He had heard that just one single diamond was sometimes worth five hundred dollars or more. This had discouraged him very much.
But one day, he happened to pass a shop in the neighboring town and saw a number of diamond rings displayed in the window. He stopped fascinated, and pressed his face against the glass eagerly to see if any prices were marked upon them. Imagine his surprise when he saw upon the largest one a tag marked $4.75. He looked again to see if he had made a mistake. Perhaps it was $475. But no, he knew enough about figures to see that he was right the first time.
He went home as fast as he could, and ran up into his bedroom. Then, he opened his “bank” and counted its contents. “Three dollars and twenty-two cents!” he cried. “I’ll have that ring before another week.” Hiram worked early and late for the next few days. He caught more shrimps than he had ever caught in the same length of time, and sold them readily.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At the end of the week he had the sum he desired.
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Years after, Hiram learned what he had bought was in fact only glass, and he decided to tell his mother.
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【答案】 At the end of the week he had the sum he desired. Hurrying to the shop where he had seen the ring, before going inside he gave one swift, almost frightened look into the window. Could it be gone? No, there it was flashing and shining as before. That evening, he placed it on his mother’s finger. She looked at it in surprise. “It is yours, Mother,” he cried, proudly. “I bought it with my shrimp money.” “My dear boy,” said his mother, while something as bright as the shining stone flashed in her eyes, “not one of those ladies can value their rings as I shall value mine.”
Years afterwards Hiram learned that what he had thought was a diamond was only a bit of glass. “Did you know it then, Mother?” he asked. His mother nodded. “And you never told me.” “It was brighter to me than any real diamond,” she said. “The brightness I saw flashing in it was the unselfish love of my boy.” Indeed, nothing in the world is more precious than a sincere heart.
【解析】
【导语】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了小男孩Hiram Green想要给母亲买一个钻石戒指，但是这太贵了。有一天他突然发现在一家店里的一个钻石戒指只要4.75美元。他很激动，在一周后攒够了钱，买下了戒指送给母亲。母亲很珍惜。多年以后他才知道那只是一个玻璃，但母亲说这世上没有比这更珍贵的了。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①.由第一段首句内容“到周末，他得到了他想要的那笔钱。”可知，第一段可描写Hiram Green去买下了那个戒指送给了母亲。
②.由第二段首句内容“多年以后，Hiram才知道他原来以为是钻石的东西其实只是一小块玻璃。”可知，第二段可描写Hiram询问母亲是否知道，母亲说虽然是玻璃，但这世上没有比这更珍贵的了。
2.续写线索：买戒指——送戒指——惊喜——真相——珍惜
3.词汇激活
行为类
①放置：place/put
②闪耀：flash/twinkle
③珍惜：value/cherish
情绪类
①惊喜：surprise/amazement
②真诚的：sincere/frank
【点睛】[高分句型1] Hurrying to the shop where he had seen the ring, before going inside he gave one swift, almost frightened look into the window. (运用了现在分词作状语和where引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] The brightness I saw flashing in it was the unselfish love of my boy. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句和现在分词作后置定语)