中考英语专项复习第18讲定语从句课件

这是一份中考英语专项复习第18讲定语从句课件，共24页。PPT课件主要包含了文本信息，二 实 战 演 练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.理解定语从句的定义； 2.会判断定语从句的先行词、关系词的选择和结构。
学习目标
一 定 语 从 句
定语可以有形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。 担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句，定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 定语从句在句中的作用相当形容词，又称形容词性从句。
1 定语从句的先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。2 定语从句的关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有三个作用：①. 连接作用，连接先行词与从句，从而引导从句 ； ②. 替代作用，替代先行词； ③. 担任作用，在从句中担任和充当一个句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括：that，which，wh，whm，whse, as关系副词包括：when, where, why定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+从句。
3 关系代词that，which，wh，whm，whse引导的定语从句
①wh和whm的用法二者都用于指人。wh在定语从句中作主语，宾语。whm在定语从句中作宾语，注意whm在口语和非正式语体中可用wh代替，可省略。 She is than wman wh lives next dr.(wh作主语）The man wh/whm yu met just nw is my friend. (wh/whm作宾语）
关系代词指代的时先行词，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语等。作宾语时，口语中常省略。如果关系代词作介词的宾语且介词在关系代词的前面时，关系代词不能省略。
【注意】在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后面时，只能用whm，不能用wh。Yesterday I came acrss the man abut whm yu talked last time.(放在了介词abut后面）
②whse的用法通常指人，也可指物，在从句中做定语。He has a friend whse mther is a teacher.（指人）He wears a T-shirt whse clr is white.（指物） 指物时，whse+名词，可用限定词+名词+f which 或 f which +限定词+名词 两种结构来代替
Please pass me the bk whse cver is green 请递给我那本绿皮的书Please pass me the bk the cver f which is green
③which的用法which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，做宾语时可省略。The river which runs thrugh the center f the city brings us lts f pleasure（作主语）That is the bk(which）yu are lking fr.(作宾语）My hmetwn is n lnger the place which it used t be.（作表语）
④that的用法that可指人或者指物。指人时可与wh，whm互换；指物时可与which互换。
that可在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。作宾语时，可省略。作介词的宾语时，介词不可放到that之前。若介词放到that之前，要用which或whm替代.Jack is n lnger the persn (that/wh/whm) I met five years ag.(作宾语，指人）The bk （that/which） I bught yesterday was written by Lu Xun.(作宾语，指物）He is a man (wh/that) never breaks his wrd. 他是个从不食言的人（作主语，指人）The wman with whm yu talked is my mther. (正确) The wman with wh/that yu talked is my mther. (错误) This is the bk which/that I am lking fr. (正确) This is the bk fr which I am lking. (错误)
4 关系副词when，where，why引导的定语从句
关系副词主要用when，where，why。在从句中作状语，一般不可省略。
①when的用法when表时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为表示时间的名词，如time，day，mrning，night，week，year等。有时when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句.I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.I miss the night when I first met him.She went t Japan tw years ag，since when I have’t heard frm her.关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
I still remember the day when (n which ) I first came t China. I still remember the time when (during which ) I lived in the cuntryside.【注意】若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。I’ll never frget the time that/which I spent n campus. 我决不会忘记我在校园中度过的日子.(作宾语）I’ll never frget the time that/which was spent with yu. 我永远不会忘记你在一起的时光。（作主语）
②where的用法where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为表示地点的名词，如place，street，huse，rm，city，twn，cuntry等。when引导的定语从句还可以放在frm后面.This is the muntain village where I stayed last year.Keep the bks in a place where yu can find them easily.The little by hid himself behind the dr, frm where he culd see his mum enter the rm.关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。
New Yrk is the city where (in which) I was brn. The htel where (at which) we stayed wasn’t clean.
【注意】若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。The museum that/which yu visited yesterday was built in 2009. （作宾语）
③why的用法why指原因或理由，它的先行词为表原因的名词，如excuse ; explanatin; reasnI dnt want t listen t any reasn why yu were late.We can’t accept the excuse why yu were absent.
关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“fr +which ”引导的定语从句。I knw the reasn why (=fr which) she came late.This is the explanatin why (=fr which) they put ff the meeting.
【注意】若定语从句的先行词是reasn，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。The reasn that/which she gave was nt true. （作宾语）
5 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，可将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
①限制性定语从句：与先行词间的关系非常密切，从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，若缺少从句，则句义显得不完整。同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词。如果去掉，则意思含糊不清。This is the huse which I bught last year.The teacher tld me that Peter was the nly persn that I culd depend n.
②非限制性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句。翻译时常常不译作定语，而是译成与主句并列的句子。常由wh，whm，which，whse，as，when，where等关系词引导。He lives in Shanghai，which is a tw hur drive frm here.他住在上海，从这里开车到那里要两个小时。His father, wh lves her very much, is strict with her. 他的父亲十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
6 定语从句用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all，little，few，much，smething，anything，everything，nthing，nne，sme等不定代词时；He did everything that he culd t help us.
②先行词被all，every，n，sme，any，little，much，the nly，the very，the right，the last，the same，few等修饰时：This is the very bk that I want. 这正是我想要的书。Music is the nly thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一让我感兴趣的东西。
③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the mst interesting stry that I have ever read.The first lessn that I learned will never be frgtten.
④当先行词既有人又有物时We talked abut the persns and things that we culd remember.
⑤当主句是以which或wh开头的特殊疑问句时Wh is the man that is standing there? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
7 定语从句用which不用that的情况
①关系代词前有介词时,即要用介词+whichThe huse in which I used t live has becme a she shp.
②在非限制性定语从句中，This stry, which I have read three times, is very tuching.
③先行词本身时that时，What is that which flashed in the sky just nw？刚才天空中闪过的是什么东西？
8 介词+关系代词结构
（1）定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成介词+关系代词的结构。介词+which，有时可替代when，where，why等，介词+whm/whse，在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系词可替代。
①替代whenI will never frget the days n which (when) we studied tgether
②替代whereI frgt the place in which （where）I had hidden the bx.
③ 替代whyI wuld like yu t explain the reasn fr which (why) yu were absent.
（2）名词/代词+介词+关系代词结构此类结构常见的有:sme,several,a few,a little,many,mre,mst,the largerst f+which/whm等形式；Here are questins , sme f which I thught difficult fr yu.
1．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Lei Feng is a great persn ________ sets a gd example t us.A．whB．whichC．whse2．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）He shwed me the phts ________ he tk at his graduatin ceremny.A．thatB．whC．what
3．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）— What can we d fr the left-hme children ________ need help?— We culd help them with their study nline n weekends.A．whichB．whC．whm4．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her class lively.A．whichB．whseC．wh