2023-2024学年北京市八一学校高一上学期期中考试英语试题含答案

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Ⅰ.听力理解（共三节，满分16分）
第一节：（共4小题；每小题1分，满分4分）
听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What are the tw speakers talking abut?
A. Taking a walk. B. Taking a bus. C. Animals in the z.
2. What relatin is the wman t Jack?
A. His rmmate. B. His mther. C. His wife.
3. Hw des the wman get alng with her wrk?
A. Badly. B. Well. C. Just s-s.
4. Where is the city bank?
A. Beside a htel. B. Behind a htel. C. Oppsite a htel.
第二节：（共6小题；每小题1分，满分6分）
听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
5. When is the cnversatin taking place?
A. After schl. B. At break time. C. Befre breakfast.
6. What is the by suppsed t d first?
A. See a dctr. B. Bring his fever dwn. C. Deal with the leg injury.
听下面一段长对话，回答小题。
7. Why des the wman call the man?
A. T ask fr directin. B. T cancel the appintment. C. T make an aplgy.
8. What time is it nw?
A. Arund 7:30. B. Arund 8:00. C. Arund 8:30.
听下面一段独白，回答小题。
9. In which seasn d hurricanes mst likely happen in the wman’s cuntry?
A. Summer. B. Autumn. C. Winter.
10. What d we knw abut the wman?
A. She had a narrw escape. B. She was struck by a tree. C. She was blwn ff by the wind.
第三节：（共4小题；每小题1.5分，满分6分）
听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第14题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段对话你将听两遍。
A Class Situatin
Ⅱ. 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A retired engineer, 76-year-ld Wilsn has been ffering free rides t cllege students fr the past eight years. Since he first started ____1____ his car t the yung peple, Wilsn has cvered an astnishing 64,000 miles, and has had cuntless pleasant and ften humrus ____2____ with the students he transprts t and frm schl. The students wh he’s ____3____ have gne n t becme physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they’ve als gt ut f their time in schl is finding a rle mdel and a friend in Wilsn. Sme students ____4____ call him “Grandpa”.
Wilsn first wrked as a driver thrugh a student-supprt prgramme f the nn-prfit rganizatin On Pint fr Cllege. Althugh the prgramme asks the members nly t drive students t and frm their classes, Wilsn ften ges ____5____ t ensure the welfare and safety f the students. If they have prblems with registratin, Wilsn is there t ____6____ them. If a student gets hungry n the lng drives t and frm schl, Wilsn never ____7____ t buy them a meal.
Fr many students, Wilsn’s help is nt nly appreciated, it’s als entirely ____8____ fr them t be able t cmplete their cllege educatin. Fr them, riding with Wilsn has ____9____ them t cmplete their educatin — but accrding t Wilsn, he benefits just as much frm the _____10_____. I just lve driving and I lve these kids, Wilsn said. “It’s such a privilege t be a part f these kids’ lives, even just fr a few hurs, getting t knw them and hearing their stries.”
1. A. dnatingB. lendingC. deliveringD. vlunteering
2. A. argumentsB. interviewsC. debatesD. cnversatins
3. A. metB. drivenC. addressedD. greeted
4. A. evenB. everC. nceD. already
5. A. farB. arundC. beyndD. frwards
6. A. assistB. watchC. pressD. warn
7. A. expectsB. tendsC. managesD. hesitates
8. A. extraB. unusualC. necessaryD. different
9. A. requiredB. allwedC. remindedD. agreed
10. A. experienceB. infrmatinC. agreementD. emplyment
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一位76岁的老人八年来一直坚持免费接送学生上下学的故事，学生们视他为楷模。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从他第一次为年轻人提供无偿服务以来，威尔逊已经行驶了惊人64,000英里，并与他接送的学生进行了无数愉快的、经常是幽默的交谈。A. dnating捐赠；B. lending借；C. delivering递送；D. vlunteering自愿做，无偿做。根据上文中的“A retired engineer, 76-year-ld Wilsn has been ffering free rides t cllege students fr the past eight years.”可知，76岁的威尔逊在过去的八年中一直给大学生提供免费的乘车服务，由此可知，此处应为“无偿做”符合语境。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从他第一次为年轻人提供志愿服务以来，威尔逊已经行驶了惊人的64,000英里，并与他接送的学生进行了无数愉快的、经常是幽默的交谈。A. arguments辩论；B. interviews采访；C. debates争论；D. cnversatins交谈。根据上文中的“A retired engineer, 76-year-ld Wilsn has been ffering free rides t cllege students fr the past eight years.”可知，76岁的威尔逊在过去的八年中一直给大学生提供免费的乘车服务，是自愿做这件事，所以此处应是与学生进行了无数愉快的、经常是幽默的“交谈”符合语境，其它与语境不符。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他驾车接送过的学生后来成为了医生、教师和工程师，但他们在学校里也得到了一个榜样和朋友威尔逊。A. met遇见；B. driven驾车送（人）；C. addressed解决；D. greeted问候。根据语境和上文中的“Since he first started ____1____ his car t the yung peple, Wilsn has cvered an astnishing 64,000 miles”可知，本文讲述的是一位七旬老人驾车接送学生的故事，威尔逊从第一次开始自愿驾车接送年轻人以来，已经行驶了惊人的64,000英里了，由此可知，此处应为“驾车送（人）” 符合语境。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一些学生甚至叫他“爷爷”。A. even甚至；B. ever在任何时候，从来；C. nce曾经；D. already已经。根据上文中的“what they’ve als gt ut f their time in schl is finding a rle mdel and a friend in Wilsn.”可知，这些被接送的学生把威尔逊看做是楷模和朋友，结合下文中的“call him “Grandpa”.”可知，此处进一步表明学生们与威尔逊的关系亲密，所以应为“甚至”叫他爷爷。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然该项目计划只要求成员接送学生上下课，但威尔逊经常超越确保学生的福利和安全。A. far在远处；B. arund在周围；C. beynd超越；D. frwards向前。根据上文中的“Althugh the prgramme asks the members nly t drive students t and frm their classes,”可知，该项目计划只需要成员接送学生上下课，根据althugh可知，此空处与上文让步关系，所以此处指的是威尔逊不只是做分内之事，而是“超出”了该项目计划的要求，g beynd意为“超出，超越”符合语境。故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们在注册方面有问题，威尔逊会帮助他们。A. assist帮助；B. watch观看；C. press按压；D. warn警告。根据语境和上文中的“If they have prblems with registratin”可知，学生在注册的时候出现问题，威尔逊会“帮助”他们解决问题，此处讲述的是威尔逊乐于助人，符合语境。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果学生在往返学校的长途开车途中饿了，威尔逊会毫不犹豫地给他们买一顿饭。A. expects期望；B. tends倾向；C. manages管理；D. hesitates犹豫。根据上文中的“If they have prblems with registratin, Wilsn is there t ____6____ them.”可知，学生注册时出现问题，威尔逊会帮助他们，结合上文中的“If a student gets hungry n the lng drives t and frm schl”可知，此处列举的是威尔逊乐于助人的其他事情，所以此处应为威尔逊在孩子们在开车途中饿了的时候，会毫不“犹豫”给孩子们买吃的。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于许多学生来说，威尔逊的帮助不仅是感激的，而且对他们完成大学教育也是完全必要的。A. extra额外的；B. unusual不同寻常的；C. necessary必要的；D. different不同的。根据语境以及下文中的“Fr them, riding with Wilsn has ____9____ them t cmplete their educatin”可知，由于威尔逊给他们提供了免费搭乘服务使他们完成了学业，结合上文中的“Wilsn’s help is nt nly appreciated”可知，威尔逊的帮助不仅仅是被感激的，而且对这些学生来说还是“必要的”符合语境。故选C项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，搭乘威尔逊的车使他们能完成了学业——但根据威尔逊的说法，他从这种经历中获益良多。A. required要求；B. allwed使可能，允许；C. reminded提醒；D. agreed同意。根据语境和上文中的“Fr many students, Wilsn’s help is nt nly appreciated, it’s als entirely ____8____ fr them t be able t cmplete their cllege educatin.”可知，威尔逊的帮助让这些学生能够完成大学教育，结合下文中的“them t cmplete their educatin”可知，此处指的是搭乘威尔逊的车“使他们能”完成学业。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，搭乘威尔逊的车让他们完成了学业——但根据威尔逊的说法，他从这种经历中获益良多。A. experience经历；B. infrmatin信息；C. agreement同意；D. emplyment就业。根据语境和下文中的“I just lve driving and I lve these kids, Wilsn said. “It’s such a privilege t be a part f these kids’ lives, even just fr a few hurs, getting t knw them and hearing their stries.””可知，威尔逊觉得能成为这些孩子生活的一部分是一种荣幸，哪怕是几个小时去了解他们，去听他们的故事，由此可知，此处应指的是威尔逊给学生提供免费乘车，与学生们在一起的这种“经历”中获益良多。故选A项。
Ⅲ. 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Paul and I were n the same basketball team. We bth lved basketball and were bth huge fans f the NBA. Paul’s idl was Tyrne Bgues, ____11____ is the same height as Paul. S Paul believed that he culd make it just as Bgues did. ____12____ ur cach was nt sure. Althugh Paul tried ut many times, he was still a replacement, ____13____ was really tugh n him.
【答案】11. wh
12. But 13. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了保罗想成为篮球明星，但教练怀疑他。他多次尝试，但最终还是替补。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：保罗的偶像是泰龙·博格斯，他和保罗一样高。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为Tyrne Bgues，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【12题详解】
考查连词。句意：但是我们的教练并不确信。根据句意可知，空格前后是转折关系，所以应用转折连词but“但是”。故填But。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：虽然保罗试了很多次，但他仍然是替补，这对他来说真的很艰难。此处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面一个句子，在从句中主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tday, there are grups f native peple arund the wrld that still live a traditinal lifestyle. Sme live in remte parts f Suth America, ___14___ way f life is in danger f disappearing. The Krub are native peple wh live in the Amazn rainfrest. They make their wn tls, grw their wn crps, and hunt and fish. Their main weapns are clubs and pisn-tipped arrws, used ___15___ bth hunting and prtecting their territry against ____16____(utsider).
【答案】14. whse
15. fr 16. utsiders
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。今天，世界各地仍有许多土著部落过着传统的生活方式。有些人生活在南美洲的偏远地区，他们的生活方式正面临消失的危险。Krub人就是其中之一。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：有些人生活在南美洲的偏远地区，他们的生活方式正面临消失的危险。分析句子结构可知，“way f life is in danger f disappearing.”是非限定性定语从句，先行词为sme，指的是“有些人”，指人，且定语从句中缺少定语，应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
【15题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们的主要武器是棍棒和毒箭，用于狩猎和保护他们的领土不受外来者入侵。be used fr ding sth“被用来做某事”。故填fr。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们的主要武器是棍棒和毒箭，用于狩猎和保护他们的领土不受外来者入侵。介词against后接名词utsider(外来者)作宾语，且此处表示不止一个入侵者，用复数utsiders。 故填utsiders。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A white telephne bth (电话亭), knwn as the Phne f the Wind, ____17____ (sit) in a garden n tp f a hill. Thugh discnnected, the phne serves a ____18____ (surprise) purpse: helping peple speak ut what they feel ____19____ (embarrass) t say in frnt f thers. Having thught abut the idea fr a lng time, Sasaki finally ____20____ (build) the bth. “My thughts can’t be relayed ver a regular phne line, s I want them t be carried n the wind. I hpe thers can als express their feelings in the same way.”
【答案】17. sits
18. surprising
19. embarrassed
20. built
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述是被称为作为“风的电话”的著名电话亭以及它的来历。
【17题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一座白色的电话亭，被称为“风的电话”，坐落在山顶的花园里。根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。主语为A white telephne bth，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填sits。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然没有连接，但电话有一个令人惊讶的用途：帮助人们说出他们在别人面前感到尴尬的话。此处指“令人惊讶的目的”，所以用surprise的-ing结尾形容词surprising，作定语修饰名词purpse。故填surprising。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然没有连接，但电话有一个令人惊讶的用途：帮助人们说出他们在别人面前感到尴尬的话。此处指“感到尴尬”，“人”作主语，所以用embarrass的-ed结尾形容词embarrassed，作表语。故填embarrassed。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：经过长时间的思考，佐佐木终于搭建了这个电话亭。根据Having thught abut the idea fr a lng time可知，句子描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时。故填built。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解（共两节，34分）
第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fd festivals arund the wrld
Stiltn Cheese Rlling
May Day is a traditinal day fr celebratins, but the 2,000 English villagers f Stiltn must be the nly peple in the wrld wh include cheese rlling in their annual plans. Teams f fur, dressed in a variety f strange and funny clthes, rll a cmplete cheese alng a 50-metre curse. On the way, they must nt kick r thrw their cheese, r g int their cmpetitrs’ lane. Cmpetitin is fierce and the chief prize is a cmplete Stiltn cheese weighing abut fur kils (disappintingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wden nes). All the cmpetitrs are served with beer r prt wine, the traditinal accmpaniment fr Stiltn cheese.
Fiery Fds Festival — The Httest Festival n Earth
Every year mre than 10,000 peple head fr the city f Albuquerque, New Mexic. They cme frm as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a cmmn addictin — fd that is nt just spicy, but ht enugh t make yur muth burn, yur head spin and yur eyes water. Their destinatin is the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival which is held ver a perid f three days every March. Yu might like t try a chclate-cvered habaner pepper — fficially the httest pepper in the wrld — r any ne f the thusands f prducts that are n shw. But ne thing’s fr sure — if yu dn’t like the feeling f a burning tngue, this festival isn’t fr yu!
La Tmatina — The Wrld’s Biggest Fd Fight
On the last Wednesday f every August, the Spanish twn f Bunl hsts La Tmatina — the wrld’s largest fd fight. A week-lng celebratin leads up t an exciting tmat battle as the highlight f the week’s events. The early mrning sees the arrival f large trucks with tmates — fficial fight-starters get things ging by casting tmates at the crwd.
The battle lasts little mre than half an hur, in which time arund 50,000 kilgrams f tmates have been thrwn at anyne r anything that mves, runs, r fights back. Then everyne heads dwn t the river t make friends again — and fr a much-needed wash!
21. In the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin, cmpetitrs n each team must ______.
A. wear varius frmal clthesB. kick r thrw their cheese
C. rll a wden cheese in their wn laneD. use a real cheese weighing abut fur kils
22. Where is the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival held?
A. In New Mexic.B. In the Caribbean.C. In Australia.D. In China.
23. The celebratin f La Tmatina lasts ______.
A. three daysB. seven days
C less than three daysD. mre than seven days
24. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin is beer r prt wine.
B. Mre than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
C. An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning f La Tmatina.
D. Thusands f spicy fds are n shw in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是世界上的几个美食节。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Stiltn Cheese Rlling部分中的“On the way, they must nt kick r thrw their cheese, r g int their cmpetitrs’ lane. Cmpetitin is fierce and the chief prize is a cmplete Stiltn cheese weighing abut fur kils (disappintingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wden nes). (在比赛途中，他们不得踢或扔奶酪，也不得进入竞争对手的跑道。比赛非常激烈，一等奖是一个重约4公斤的完整斯蒂尔顿奶酪(令人失望，但可以理解的是，比赛中使用的奶酪是木制的))”可知，在比赛途中，他们不得进入对手的跑道，比赛中使用的奶酪时木制的，由此可知，他们要在自己的跑道中滚一个木制的奶酪。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fiery Fds Festival — The Httest Festival n Earth部分中的“Every year mre than 10,000 peple head fr the city f Albuquerque, New Mexic.(每年都有超过一万人前往新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基市)”可知，在Fiery Fds Festival时，有10,000多人前往墨西哥，由此可知，该美食节在墨西哥举行。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据La Tmatina — The Wrld’s Biggest Fd Fight部分中的“A week-lng celebratin leads up t an exciting tmat battle as the highlight f the week’s events.(为期一周的庆祝活动最后是激动人心的番茄大战，这是本周活动的重头戏)”可知，为期一周的庆祝活动最后是激动人心的番茄大战，由此可知，La Tmatina的庆祝活动持续七天时间。故选B项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据Fiery Fds Festival — The Httest Festival n Earth部分中的“Their destinatin is the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival which is held ver a perid f three days every March. Yu might like t try a chclate-cvered habaner pepper — fficially the httest pepper in the wrld — r any ne f the thusands f prducts that are n shw.( 他们的目的地是每年三月举行的为期三天的the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival。你可能会想尝试一下巧克力覆盖的哈瓦那辣椒——世界上最辣的辣椒——或者展出的上千种产品中的任何一种)”可知，在the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival上，参加活动的人可能要尝试一下世界上最辣的辣椒或者正在展出的上千种辣椒品种中的任何一种，由此可推断，在the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival展出上千种辣椒。故选D项。
B
Alice Mre is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), wh in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her cmpany was wrth millins f dllars with the inventin f a super-sweet treat that culd save kids’ teeth, instead f destrying them.
It all began when Mre visited a bank with her dad. On the uting, she was ffered a candy bar. Hwever, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad fr her teeth. But Mre was sick f missing ut n candies. S she desired t get rund the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s gd fr my teeth s that my parents can’t say n t it?” With that in mind, Mre asked her dad if she culd start her wn candy cmpany. He recmmended that she d sme research and talk t dentists abut what a healthier candy wuld cntain.
With her dad’s permissin, she spent the next tw years researching nline and cnducting trials t get a recipe that was bth tasty and tth-friendly. She als apprached dentists t learn mre abut teeth cleaning. Cnsequently, she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.
Mre then used her savings t get her business ff the grund. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket wner, wh finally agreed t sell Mre’s prduct—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grws, s des Mre’s credibility as a yung entrepreneur. Mre is enthusiastic abut the candy she created, and she’s als psitive abut what the future might bring. She hpes that every kid can have a clean muth and a brad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Mre is generally able t live a nrmal teenage life. Althugh she funded her cmpany early n in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by prfit. Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles. She dnates 10% f AilicCandy’s prfits t Big Smiles. With her talent and determinatin, it appears that the sky culd be the limit fr Alice Mre.
25. Hw did Mre react t her dad’s warning?
A. She argued with him.B. She tried t find a way ut.
C. She paid n attentin.D. She chse t cnsult dentists.
26. What is special abut CanCandy?
A. It is beneficial t dental health.B. It is free f sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than ther candies.D. It is prduced t a dentists’ recipe.
27. What des Mre expect frm her business?
A. T earn mre mney.B. T help thers find smiles.
C. T make herself stand ut.D. T beat ther candy cmpanies.
28. What can we learn frm Alice Mre’s stry?
A. Fame is a great thirst f the yung.
B. A yuth is t be regarded with respect.
C. Psitive thinking and actin result in success.
D. Success means getting persnal desires satisfied
【答案】25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alice Mre，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的But Mre was sick f missing ut n candies. S she desired t get rund the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s gd fr my teeth s that my parents can’t say n t it?”及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路，解决问题。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的Cnsequently, she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles.可知，Mre想用她独特的才能帮助其他人找到自己的笑容。故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Mr的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。
C
Running n Empty
Fr almst a century, scientists have assumed, tiredness—r exhaustin—in athletes riginates(起源于) in the muscles. Precise explanatins have varied, but all have been based n the “Limitatins Thery”. In ther wrds, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run ut f fuel r xygen r they drwn in harmful by-prducts(副产品).
In the past few years, hwever, Timthy Nakes frm the University f Cape Twn, Suth Africa, has examined this standard thery. Tiredness, he argues, is caused nt by signals springing frm vertaxed muscles, but is an emtinal respnse which begins in the brain. The fundamental nature f his new thery is that the brain paces the muscles t keep them well back frm the edge f exhaustin. When the brain decides it’s time t quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness. This “Central Gvernr” thery remains cntrversial, but it des explain many puzzling aspects f athletic perfrmance.
A recent discvery that Nakes calls the “lactic acid paradx” made him start researching this area seriusly. Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain cnditins created artificially, they becme tired even thugh lactic acid levels remain lw. Nr has the xygen cntent f their bld fallen t lw fr them t keep ging. Obviusly, smething else was making them tire befre they hit either f these physilgical limits.
Nakes cnducted an experiment with seven cyclists. It has lng been knwn that during exercise, the bdy never uses 100% f the available muscle fibres(纤维). The amunt used varies, but in sme tasks such as this cycling test the bdy calls n abut 30%. His team fund that as tiredness set in, the electrical activity in cyclist’s legs declined—even when they were making a great effrt t cycle as fast as they culd.
T Nakes, this was strng evidence that the ld thery was wrng. “The cyclists may have felt cmpletely exhausted,” he says, “but their bdies actually had cnsiderable reserves that they culd theretically tap by using a greater amunt f the resting fibres.” This, he believes, is the prf that the brain is regulating the pace f the wrkut t hld the cyclists well back frm the pint f extreme tiredness.
29. Which f the fllwing is supprted by “the Limitatins Thery”?
A. Tiredness is caused by signals frm brain.
B. Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.
C. The bdy uses 100% f the muscle fibres in exercise.
D. Athletes becme tired thugh lactic acid levels remain lw.
30. Nakes has fund ut that ___________.
A. muscle fibres cntrl athletes’ mvements
B. Lactic acid levels remain high in cycling test
C. mental prcesses cntrl the symptms f tiredness
D. different exercises use different amunt f muscle fibres
31. It is likely that bth theries accept that ___________.
A lactic acid is prduced in muscles during exercise
B. the xygen cntent in bld may rise after sprts
C. tiredness is a harmful by-prduct f exercise
D. the energy in human bdies can be balanced
32. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The descriptin f a new test.
B. The explanatin f the thery.
C. The puzzling evidence f a study.
D. The whle prcess f the research.
【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于运动的极限理论。该理论认为人们之所以感到疲惫是因为肌肉达到了极限，而疲劳是由大脑控制的。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的In ther wrds, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run ut f fuel r xygen r they drwn in harmful by-prducts(副产品)可知极限理论认为人们会感到疲倦时因为到达了肌肉的极限。B. Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.（运动员感到疲惫是因为他们用完了自己的能量）符合以上说法，故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Tiredness, he argues, is caused nt by signals springing frm vertaxed muscles, but is an emtinal respnse which begins in the brain.可知Timthy Nakes认为是人的大脑控制了肌肉是否感到疲倦。C. mental prcesses cntrl the symptms f tiredness（精神过程控制疲倦的症状）符合以上说法，故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段的The fundamental nature f his new thery is that the brain paces the muscles t keep them well back frm the edge f exhaustin. When the brain decides it’s time t quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness.和第三段的Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness.可推测连个理论都认为lactic acid是运动时产生的。A. lactic acid is prduced in muscles during exercise（运动时肌肉离会产生lactic acid）符合以上推测，故选A项。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据本段的Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain cnditins created artificially, they becme tired even thugh lactic acid levels remain lw.可知lactic acid paradx理论认为人们在运动的时候lactic的升高会使人疲倦，但令人费解的是当lactic还很低的时候人们也会感到疲劳。C. The puzzling evidence f a study.（一个研究令人费解的证据）可以作为本段主旨，故选C项。
第二节 七选五（共5小题；每题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What makes a gd aplgy? What is the right way t say we're srry that desn't merely relieve ur guilt r get us ut f ht water, but best serves the persn we hurt? There is mre t saying srry than just saying "srry". ___33___They include expressing regret, explaining what went wrng, acknwledging respnsibility, ffering t repair the situatin, and requesting frgiveness.
That may seem like a lt t remember, but acknwledgement f respnsibility turned ut t be the mst imprtant piece. Of curse, nt all the ruined situatins are created equal. ___34___Here are a few key tips.
Have perfect timing. Did yu ttally ruin the situatin? A little cl-ff time culd if the ther party is angry at yur wrng ding, it may be mre effective t wait because their anger may prevent them frm being receptive t an aplgy. Waiting can help yu t. The best time t aplgize is when ne feels ready t sincerely aplgize.
___36___Experts agree that face-t-face aplgies beat phned-in, e-mailed, r handwritten nes. Facial expressins, gestures, and the tne f vice have all been shwn t be imprtant channels that cnvey sincerity. Anyne can type I feel really ashamed," but if yu say it live, it's bvius whether r nt yu mean it.
Explain; dn't excuse. Because admitting t being wrng is painful and can make peple wrried that they're a bad persn, they ften water dwn their aplgy with excuses. Examples include " I certainly aplgize if I ffended anyne" and " I'm srry, but yu started it " . That srt f aplgy has a name: a nn-aplgy. It uses the frm f an aplgy but fllws it up by shifting- respnsibility t the ffended persn, Implying he r she is t sensitive.___37___Even if yu did smething cmparably less imprtant, like being late all the time , it's always key t remember that while yu're the ne aplgizing, it's nt abut yu; it's abut the persn yu hurt and what they need nw.
A. Let yur bdy d the talking.
B. There are several types f aplgies.
C. Get ready t change yur facial expressins.
D. Smetimes an Immediate aplgy is called fr.
E. Dn't imply that the ther persn is wrng t feel upset r angry.
F. In fact, a study fund that effective aplgies have five cmpnents.
G. S yu might need t fine-tune yur aplgy depending n the circumstances.
【答案】33. F 34. G 35. D 36. A 37. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了道歉不仅仅是说“对不起”。事实上，一项研究发现，有效的道歉由五个组成部分。它们包括表达遗憾、解释错误所在、承认责任、主动修复局面以及请求原谅。
【33题详解】
空后一句说，“他们主要包含：表达歉意，解释原因，承担责任，提出修复，请求原谅”和F选项中“事实上，一个研究发现有效的道歉有五个方面”的five对应。空后出现代词“they”，前面一定有指代的内容，且为复数形式，故选F。
【34题详解】
空前一句说，“并非所有被破坏的情况都是一样的”。G选项说，“所以你可能需要根据环境来调整你的道歉”，选项中的“circumstances”对应前一句提到的“situatins”，故选G。
【35题详解】
空前句说，“一点冷静的时间可能会有帮助”；空后句说“但是如果对方对你做的错事非常生气，等待或许会使道歉更有效，因为他们的愤怒会阻止他们接受你的道歉”，出现转折连词“but”，从后往前推可知设空位置一定是与“等待”构成转折，即D选项中“有时或许需要一个及时的道歉”的“及时”，故选D。
【36题详解】
空后两句说“专家认为面对面的道歉比打电话、发邮件、写信道歉都有效”“面部表情、姿势、声调都能表达你的道歉诚意”，其中利用“面部表情、姿势、声调”道歉正好对应A选项“让你的身体发声”，故选A。
【37题详解】
整个第五段都在讲道歉中的解释并非是找借口，而空前一句说“假道歉是指把责任归咎于被冒犯的人自己太过敏感”，而这种做法作者前面也指出是错误的，与E选项中“不要暗示另一人的悲伤或生气是他自己的错”对应，故选E。
Ⅴ. 书面表达（20分）
38. 假如你是红星中学高一年级的李华，最近你们学校举办了一场长跑比赛，你的英国好友Jim对这次活动非常感兴趣，向你询问比赛情况。请你用英文给他写回信，内容包括以下方面：
1. 比赛目的和选手表现；
2. 观众反响和你的感受。
注意：1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing t tell yu abut the lng-distance race that was recently held at ur schl.
The purpse f this race was t prmte physical activity and encurage students t develp a healthy lifestyle. All the participants shwed great determinatin and perseverance, and the cmpetitin was intense.
The audience was incredibly enthusiastic and supprtive thrughut the race, cheering and clapping fr the runners. As fr me, I felt a great sense f pride and achievement, nt nly fr the participants but als fr ur schl cmmunity.
Overall, the lng-distance race was a huge success, and I believe it has inspired many students t becme mre active and healthy.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封回信，向他介绍最近你们学校举办了一场长跑比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：race →match
目的：purpse → aim
及其：incredibly →extremely
总的来说：Overall → T sum up
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The purpse f this race was t prmte physical activity and encurage students t develp a healthy lifestyle.
拓展句：The purpse f this race was t prmte physical activity and encurage students t develp a healthy lifestyle, which was very imprtant fr their grwth and future.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing t tell yu abut the lng-distance race that was recently held at ur schl.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Overall, the lng-distance race was a huge success, and I believe it has inspired many students t becme mre active and healthy.（运用了宾语从句）
Teacher
Prfessr Smith
Type
An 11 English class
Prblem
Only three students giving their pinins
Cause
◆ 12 students in a mrning class
◆ A(n) 13 difference
Advice
Share cmmunicatin 14 in class