江苏省盐城中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期初英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江苏省盐城中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期初英语试卷(含答案)，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文填空，书面表达，完成句子，选词填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
There are many scientific breakthrughs made by wmen in the Antarctic. Here are fur landmarks in Antarctica and they’re named fr the female pineers.
Jnes Terrace(梯田)
The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victria Land bears Jnes name. In 1969, gechemist Lis M. Jnes led the first all-female research team frm the US t wrk in Antarctica. Jnes and her team studied chemical weathering(风化作用)in the McMurd Dry Valleys, an ice-free area f Antarctica. Thrugh chemical analyses f rcks they had cllected,Jnes and her team discvered many gechemical characteristics f the valley’s ice-cvered lakes.
Munt Fineness
8,202-ft-high Munt Fineness,lcated n Antarctica’s largest island—Alexander Island-is named fr Ginny Fineness. She established and maintained 80-ft-tall radi twers in the Antarctic. In 1985, Fineness became the first female invited t jin the Antarctic Club, a British supper club pen t individuals wh have spent extended time in the Antarctic regin. Francis Peak
Francis Peak
The 3,727-ft-tall peak n Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis,wh is the first female directr f the British Antarctic Survey, the natinal plar research institute f the UK. Her cllectin f fssils n Seymur Island helped cnclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fssils indicate the cntinent nce had a much warmer climate than it currently des.
Peden Cliffs
Peden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are prf f the labr f Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist t bth live and wrk in the Antarctic,where she used radi waves t study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined hw very lw frequency radi waves spread ver lng plar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They als used varying radi wave frequencies t measure the thickness f Antarctica’s ice sheets.
1、Which f the fllwing is named after a builder f radi twers in the Antarctic?
A. Peden Cliffs.B. Francis Peak.
C. Munt Fineness.D. Jnes Terrace.
2、Wh helped prve the previus higher temperatures f the Antarctica?
A. Irene Peden.B. Dame Jane Francis.
C. Ginny Fineness.D. Lis M.Jnes.
3、What was special abut Irene Peden accrding t the text?
A. She culd judge the thickness f Antarctica’s ice sheets.
B. She discvered a lt f ice-cvered lakes in the Antarctic.
C. She was the first female American t explre the Antarctic.
D. She crrectly measured the spreading speed f radi waves.
Seytn Thmas is a cllege student with a heart f giving. She has experienced challenges in her life that sculpted her drive t light a spark in yung children frm all backgrunds t develp leadership, perseverance, cmpassin and self-lve. She says, “Service is what saved me, and I hpe that this is a message that I can spread t the yuth acrss the wrld.”
During the pandemic, Seytn Thmas rganized a diverse grup f yung peple t help a lcal crisis center. The Cmmunity Crisis Center in Miami, Oklahma, is a hme that gives shelter and ther services t wmen and children wh are suffering frm dmestic abuse. The crisis center depends n vlunteers t help the wmen and children receive encuragement and a break frm stress, but the pandemic made vlunteer interactin difficult.
Seytn gt the idea frm the crisis center directr f painting encuraging messages n stnes and hiding them in the lawn f the crisis center fr the children t find. Seytn pulled tgether ther students frm the Phi Theta Kappa Hnr Sciety and her cllege sccer team. Tgether the yung peple cllected stnes, painted kind messages and filled tw bxes full f fun and clrful stnes. Then they gave them t the crisis center t hide. The children at the crisis center were delighted t find and read these messages. They thught highly f the experience as well as the wrds cming frm cmmunity members wh tk time t make them realize they were valued.
Seytn reflects with the grup f vlunteers that the prject is a great way t bring peple tgether psitively in the cmmunity t d smething fr the gd f thers. They talk abut hw serving thers can make a difference t smene’s life. It seems that the deed is as small as a stne, but the impact can be as large as a muntain.
4、Whm des the Cmmunity Crisis Center mainly help?
A. Pr families.B. Hmeless rphans.
C. Victims f family vilence.D. Pandemic disease sufferers.
5、Hw did Seytn Thmas help the crisis center?
A. By raising a fund fr all kids in the center.
B. By spreading useful news abut the pandemic.
C. By encuraging her sccer team members t dnate.
D. By presenting inspiring messages t children in the center.
6、What kind f persn is Seytn Thmas?
A. Curius and ptimistic.B. Kind-hearted and caring.
C. Serius and mdest.D. Creative and educated.
7、Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Small stnes make a big difference
B. Vlunteer wrk has great benefits
C. Find hpe during difficult times
D. Giving is better than receiving
It is reprted that the sense f smell plays a dminant rle in the scial interactins f all land animals except humans. Then the questin arises: Is this because humans dn’t use their nses in scial settings the way all ther land animals d? Or is this behavir cvert (隐蔽的), rather than vert, in humans?
In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prf. Nam Sbel’s labratry in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried t answer. And as several lines f evidence suggest that humans are cnstantly, althugh mstly subcnsciusly, sniffing themselves and thers, Ravreby suppsed that the latter is the case.
T test her hypthesis, Ravreby cnducted the study with pairs f click friends: same-sex nnrmantic friends whse friendships had riginally frmed very rapidly. Because such friendships emerge prir t an in-depth acquaintance, they may be particularly influenced by physilgical characteristics such as bdy smell. She then cllected bdy smell samples frm these click friends and cnducted tw sets f experiments t cmpare the samples with thse cllected frm randm pairs f individuals. In ne set f experiments, she perfrmed the cmparisn with a device knwn as an electrnic nse, r eNse, which assessed the chemical signatures f the smells. In the ther, she asked vlunteers t smell the tw grups f bdy smell samples in rder t assess similarities measured by human perceptin. In bth types f experiments, click friends were fund t smell significantly mre like each ther than the individuals in the randm pairs.
Next, t rule ut the pssibility that bdy smell similarity was a cnsequence f click friendships, rather than a cntributing cause, Ravreby perfrmed an additinal set f experiments, in which she used the eNse t “smell” a number f vlunteers wh were cmplete strangers t ne anther, and then asked them t engage in nnverbal (非言语的) scial interactins in pairs. After each such structured interactin, the participants rated the ther individual in terms f hw much they liked that persn. Subsequent analysis revealed that the individuals wh had mre psitive interactins indeed smelled mre like each ther, as determined by the eNse.
“These results imply that, as the saying ges, there is chemistry in scial chemistry,” Ravreby cncludes. Hwever, Sbel ffers wrds f cautin, “This is nt t say that we act like dgs r gats — humans likely rely n ther, far mre dminant signals in their scial decisin-making. Nevertheless, ur study’s results d suggest that ur nse plays a bigger rle than previusly thught in ur chice f friends.”
8、What did Inbal Ravreby want t figure ut?
A. Whether humans have a sharp sense f smell.
B. Whether humans’ nses can detect all types f smells.
C. Whether it is necessary fr humans t sniff ther peple.
D. Whether the sense f smell plays a rle in humans’ interactin.
9、What makes the first tw sets f experiments different frm each ther?
A. The way t make cmparisns.
B. The participatin f randm pairs.
C. The way vlunteers used the eNse.
D. The number f pairs f click friends.
10、Why did Ravreby invlve cmplete strangers in the fllwing experiments?
A. T determine the reliability f the finding.
B. T avid interactins between click friends.
C. T make the experiments much mre interesting.
D. T test the accuracy f the eNse in smell analysis.
11、What is Sbel’s attitude twards the research finding?
A. Disapprving.B. Dubtful.C. Psitive.D. Indifferent.
Unless yu’re blind r knw smene wh is, yu might nt knw that blind peple use the same smartphnes as sighted peple. In fact, many blind peple use tuch-screen smartphnes every day. The secret is that smartphnes have a screen reader, a tl that allws blind peple t use a mix f gestures and taps, alng with vibratins (震动) r audi feedback, t use their apps.
Screen readers wrk n desktp cmputers as well as mbile devices. A well-designed website r app user interface (用户界面) makes the infrmatin n the website r app accessible t the screen reader, which makes it accessible t blind users. Hwever, a badly designed website r applicatin will turn ut t be invisible t a screen reader.
Many designers find a gd way t make technlgy available t all, which can be explained thrugh an example — the whle tuch screen. It was reprted that blind users fund lcating small icns and specific numbers n the n-screen keypad(键盘) difficult. At present, the prevailing slutin t this prblem is t use the whle tuch screen as an input cntrl. Instead f having t tuch a particular part f the screen, users can tap anywhere in respnse t audi instructins. These insights wuld have been impssible withut invlving peple with different disabilities in the evaluatin and design f tuch screens.
Yet many technlgies are still nt accessible t users with disabilities. One way t make apps and websites mre accessible is t have peple with disabilities designing the technlgies. But the design prcess itself is nt very accessible t thse very peple, because very few tls in user interface designers’ tlbx are accessible. It’s a catch-22.
Our recent research evaluated the existing prttyping sftware, a tl allwing user interface designers t create temprary mdels t shw clients r t test amng users. We fund that mst ppular prttyping sftware fails t wrk tgether with screen readers. Therefre, blind designers cannt use the prttyping sftware t create mdels f their wn. This is where the prblem is in the prcess f creating accessible technlgy.
Accessibility is an issue that tuches everyne. Prviding access t technlgy is legally required in mst cases. While it is useful fr designers t be aware f hw users with disabilities interact with technlgies, the mst pwerful insights may cme frm thse with disabilities themselves.
12、What’s the majr difference between a well-designed app and a badly designed ne?
A. The frmer functins well with a screen reader.
B. The frmer is applicable t mst mbile devices.
C. The latter fails t interact with desktp cmputers.
D. The latter’s cmplex mix f infrmatin distracts users.
13、What d many designers think is a gd way t make technlgy friendly t all?
A. Evaluating users’ respnse t n-screen keypads.
B. Making input and utput cntrls easy t perate.
C. Creating special icns and numbers fr blind peple.
D. Including disabled peple in the develpment prcess.
14、What des the underlined wrd “catch-22” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Pririty.B. Prejudice.C. Dilemma.D. Puzzle.
15、What’s the authr’s purpse in writing this text?
A. T shw disabled peple’s difficulty in using digital devices.
B. T urge peple t be cncerned abut the situatin f the disabled.
C. T infrm us f the specific needs f the disabled in the digital era.
D. T stress the imprtance f engaging the disabled in technlgy develpment.
二、七选五
16、The typical cellphne user tuches his r her phne 2,617 times every day. Mst peple spend 3 hurs n their phnes each day. The effects f this usage are shcking: reducing the quality f cnversatins and negatively affecting shrt-term memry and prblem slving. ①_______. Hw can yu cut dwn n yur usage f cellphnes? The fllwing are sme methds suggested by experts.
Keep t yur schedule.
Yu culd set alarms specifying hw ften yu can check yur phne. ②_______. When yur alarm sunds, read and handle ntificatins (通知) and then put dwn the phne. T reduce respnse anxiety, tell yur friends r family that yu may nt respnd t their messages as quickly as yu used t.
Create n-phne time znes.
During wrking hurs, if yu’re cnstantly upset by yur phne ging ff, yu wn’t remain fcused n the wrk. Therefre, yu culd create a n-phne time zne. ③_______. S yu can cncentrate n the wrk in frnt f yu.
④_______.
One idea is t replace sme smartphne functins with real bjects. Fr example, purchase a radi alarm clck instead f depending n yur phne t wake yu up, and start yur new year by buying a new ntebk, s yu can write yur appintment and t-d list there instead f in yur phne.
Put a hairband (发带) arund yur phne.
When placed in the middle f the phne, the hairband allws users t answer phne calls easily, but makes ther uses f the phne mre difficult. Every time yu want t use yur phne, this brings abut a mindfulness exercise and makes yu ask yurself what yur intentin is. If yu really want t use the phne, set yur intentin fr why and remve the hairband. ⑤_______. Chse the methds mst suitable fr yur situatin and make effrts t avid t much use f cellphnes.
A. Reduce yur reliance
B. Learn t live a life withut phnes
C. Peple get addicted t smartphnes fr different reasns
D. Fr example, every half-hur, every 45 minutes r every hur
E. And the relatin between phne addictin and mental illness is alarming
F. The practice helps avid mindlessly unlcking yur phne every 3 minutes
G. Shut yur phne fr at least 2 hurs f yur day, when yu’re mst prductive
三、完形填空（15空）
Only a year apart in age, DeAnna Ellenberger Pursai and her sister, Angel, called themselves twins. But there’s ne big 1 between them.
As Angel was brn with Dwn syndrme (唐氏综合征), sme strangers 2 placing her in an institutin. Her mm 3 and said she was ging t take Angel hme.
Being able t sing and dance as they pleased, Pursai and Angel shared a(n) 4 childhd. Then Pursai went ff t Purdue University.
At age 22, Angel had t 5 schl. Angel was t incapable t find a sense f 6 in day prgrams in her rural cmmunity, and there were n ther lcal clleges fr adults like Angel. It was when Pursai saw her sister lie n the cuch all the time that she 7 hw different Angel’s life had been frm hers.
8 , in 2008, Pursai met Dr. Pam Lindsay, wh has a daughter with autism (自闭症). They talked abut the 9 f educatin ptins fr adults with intellectual disabilities. And in 2009, they 10 the Cllege f Adaptive Arts in San Jse, Califrnia, fr this grup with 11 needs but n access t higher educatin.
T date, they’ve had nearly 350 students enrlled (招募). Many parents have expressed 12 that their child fund a safe space t learn, grw and develp friendships.
“There are adults wh are 13 because they can hardly find a traditinal cllege that 14 their needs,” Pursai said. “But when yu give them a safe space, it’s an unbelievable 15 .”
17、A. secretB. appintmentC. differenceD. cnflict
18、A. recmmendedB. triedC. avidedD. admitted
19、A. arrivedB. declinedC. apprvedD. fllwed
20、A. tughB. awkwardC. stressfulD. amazing
21、A. get ffB. get rid fC. get ut fD. get ver
22、A. securityB. accmplishmentC. cnfidenceD. cmmunity
23、A. agreedB. prvedC. recalledD. realized
24、A. DisappintedlyB. Gratefully
C. FrtunatelyD. Regretfully
25、A. lackB. varietyC. balanceD. freedm
26、A. visitedB. cntactedC. attendedD. funded
27、A. financialB. medicalC. specialD. emtinal
28、A. cncernB. determinatinC. dubtD. relief
29、A. strugglingB. cmpetingC. flatingD. emerging
30、A. submits tB. caters tC. sticks tD. refers t
31、A. invitatinB. challengeC. changeD. adventure
四、语法填空
32、The prfessr will give a lecture _______ (cncern) pllutin and the rainfrest.(所给词的适当形式填空)
33、________ (expse) t sunlight fr t much time will d harm t ne’s skin.
34、I am beginning t feel embarrassed by my cmplete _______ (ignre) f wrld histry. （用单词的适当形式填空）
35、A diet _______ (lack) nutrients will nt keep a persn healthy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36、The universities have expanded, thus _______ (allw) many mre peple the chance f higher educatin. （所给词的正确形式填空）
37、Acts f _______ (generus) can change lives r just give yu that warm feeling full f lve. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38、He felt it wuld be _______ his dignity t cmment. (用适当的词填空)
39、The Students’ Unin is like a huge stage, _______ everyne spares n effrt t achieve their dreams. (用适当的词填空)
40、The chairman thught _______ necessary t invite Prfessr Smith t speak at the meeting.
41、Much t the cuple’s cmfrt, their incme is nw duble _______ it was five years ag. (用适当的词填空)
五、短文填空
42、 RE, a biking lifestyle cmpany in Beijing, runs just ne f the city clubs that have started t gather cl bikers tgether. The cmpany,s shps nt nly prvide bicycle gear (装备)and ①______(prduct) , but als have cafes and flwer and clthing sectins as it aims ②______ (prmte) bike culture as a lifestyle chice and als expand the scale (范围)and tgetherness f the biking cmmunity in the city.
Lu Yuan, CEO f RE, tld the Glbal Times that the cycling culture has lng existed in China and nw a scene ③______ was nce cmmnplace during the 1980s, lts f peple ④______ (ride) bikes, has returned.
“The psitive idea f sprts can meet tday’s urban (城市的) riders’ lnging fr ⑤______ mdern, ec-friendly lifestyle. Riding a bike ⑥______ (be) becming a frm f spiritual healing fr mre and mre peple,” Lu nted.
Biking circles are nt just cnnected thrugh shps but als nline cmmunities. Taking the RE’s nline platfrm ⑦______ example, it has mre than 20,000 ⑧______ (register) nline members and ver 20 sub-cmmunities, in which bikers jin in ⑨______ (create) events such as designing their wn riding clthes frm recycled materials.
Such trends can als be seen n scial media platfrms such as media review site Duban and lifestyle platfrm Little Red Bk, n which experienced riders share ⑩______ (they) designed rutes and experiences.
六、书面表达
43、假定你是李华，想邀请你校交换生Allen一同参观正在市艺术中心举办的以My Peple, My Cuntry为主题的书法绘画展(calligraphy and painting exhibitin)。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 参观目的；
2. 参观内容；
3. 约定时间。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、完成句子
44、As each New Year’s Day cmes near, peple ften _______(反省) their gains and lsses in the year.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
45、The cmpany prmises that the new prduct is envirnmentally friendly because it can _______ (分解) naturally withut prducing anything harmful. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
46、The rganizatin hpes that the new manager will _______ (注入活力) the whle team whse spirit has been brken by the cmpetitr. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
47、The Amazn River, frm which the rainfrest gets its name, is clse t 6,400 kilmetres _______ (长度). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
48、There will be a big surprise _______ (等待着某人)her when she gets hme tnight! (根据汉语提示完成句子)
49、Tday, I’ll give yu a shrt intrductin t sme aspects f film-making yu might nt _______ (熟悉). (根据汉语提示完成句子)
50、Chinese businessmen _______ (对……挑剔) the details, especially in the aspect f quality. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
51、Making exercise a daily rutine will, _______ (相应地，转而), imprve yur immune system. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
52、When fear takes cntrl f ur mind, mst f us will be _______ (茫然) and dn’t knw what t d. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
53、It is _______ (典型) her t frget all the imprtant things. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
八、选词填空
54、选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子。有两个单词为多余词。
①He had always _______ n his children that if they wrked hard they wuld succeed in life.
②The dctr tld the patient’s family that he had a 75% chance f _______.
③When smene cks a meal fr us that we dn’t like, the _______ f us will tell a white lie and say the fd is delicius.
④The gvernment has _______ a cmmittee t rebuild the histric building in the twn.
⑤_______ t his wrk, he has n time t accmpany his children.
参考答案
1、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Munt Fineness部分的介绍中“She established and maintained 80-ft-tall radi twers in the Antarctic.(她在南极建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电塔)”可知，Ginny Fineness 在南极建造并维护了无线电发射塔，Munt Fineness正是以她的名字命名的。故选C项。
2、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Francis Peak部分的介绍中“Her cllectin f fssils n Seymur Island helped cnclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fssils indicate the cntinent nce had a much warmer climate than it currently des.(她在西摩岛收集的化石有助于在2021的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经的气候比现在温暖得多)”可知，Dame Jane Francis搜集的植物化石帮助证实了南极洲地区以前的气候比现在的温暖得多。故选B项。
3、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Peden Cliffs部分的介绍中“They als used varying radi wave frequencies t measure the thickness f Antarctica’s ice sheets.(他们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度)”可知，Irene Peden能够测量出南极洲冰原的厚度。故选A项。
4、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Cmmunity Crisis Center in Miami, Oklahma, is a hme that gives shelter and ther services t wmen and children wh are suffering frm dmestic abuse.(俄克拉何马州迈阿密的社区危机处理中心为遭受家庭虐待的妇女和儿童提供住所和其他服务)”可知，社区危机处理中心主要帮助家庭暴力的受害者。故选C项。
5、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Seytn gt the idea frm the crisis center directr f painting encuraging messages n stnes and hiding them in the lawn f the crisis center fr the children t find.(Seytn从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一个主意，就是在石头上画上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到)”可知，Seytn是通过向危机处理中心的孩子们展示石头上的鼓励性的信息来提供帮助的。故选D项。
6、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Seytn Thmas is a cllege student with a heart f giving.(Seytn Thmas是一个有奉献之心的大学生)”以及第二段“During the pandemic, Seytn Thmas rganized a diverse grup f yung peple t help a lcal crisis center.(在大流行病期间，Seytn Thmas组织了一个多元化的年轻人团体，来帮助当地的一个危机处理中心)”可知，Seytn Thmas有奉献之心，并为当地的危机处理中心提供帮助，所以Seytn Thmas是心地善良且乐于助人的。故选B项。
7、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段“Seytn gt the idea frm the crisis center directr f painting encuraging messages n stnes and hiding them in the lawn f the crisis center fr the children t find.(Seytn从危机处理中心主任那里得到了一个主意，就是在石头上画上鼓励性的信息，然后把它们藏在危机处理中心的草坪上，让孩子们找到)”以及最后一段“It seems that the deed is as small as a stne, but the impact can be as large as a muntain.(这件事情看起来像石头一样小，但影响却可能像大山一样大)”可知，本文主要讲述了Seytn Thmas使用石头为危机处理中心的孩子们提供鼓励性的信息，产生了有益的影响，所以“小石子有大影响”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。
8、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“It is reprted that the sense f smell plays a dminant rle in the scial interactins f all land animals except humans. Then the questin arises: Is this because humans dn’t use their nses in scial settings the way all ther land animals d? Or is this behavir cvert, rather than vert, in humans?(据报道，嗅觉在除人类之外的所有陆地动物的社会互动中起着主导作用。那么问题来了：这是因为人类不像其他陆地动物那样在社交环境中使用鼻子吗？或者人类的这种行为是隐蔽的，而不是公开的？)”以及第二段“In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prf. Nam Sbel’s labratry in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried t answer.(事实上，这正是魏兹曼脑科学系诺姆·索贝尔教授实验室的研究生Inbal Ravreby试图回答的问题)”可推知，Inbal Ravreby想弄清楚的是嗅觉是否在人类的互动中起作用。故选D项。
9、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“In ne set f experiments, she perfrmed the cmparisn with a device knwn as an electrnic nse, r eNse, which assessed the chemical signatures f the smells. In the ther, she asked vlunteers t smell the tw grups f bdy smell samples in rder t assess similarities measured by human perceptin. In bth types f experiments, click friends were fund t smell significantly mre like each ther than the individuals in the randm pairs.(在一组实验中，她与一种叫做电子鼻或者eNse的电子设备进行了比较，该设备评估了气味的化学特征。另一组实验中，她让志愿者闻两组体味样本，以评估人类感知的相似性。在这两种类型的实验中，点击好友的气味明显比随机配对的人更相似)”可知，两组实验中，进行比较时，所使用的方式不同。故选A项。
10、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Next, t rule ut the pssibility that bdy smell similarity was a cnsequence f click friendships, rather than a cntributing cause, Ravreby perfrmed an additinal set f experiments, in which she used the eNse t “smell” a number f vlunteers wh were cmplete strangers t ne anther, and then asked them t engage in nnverbal scial interactins in pairs.(接下来，为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果，而不是促成原因的可能性，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，在实验中，她使用eNse来“闻”一些彼此完全陌生的志愿者，然后让他们两人进行非言语社交互动)”可知，Ravreby进行了一组额外的实验，让完全陌生的志愿者参与实验，是为了排除身体气味相似性是点击友谊的结果这一可能性，确定发现的可靠性。故选A项。
11、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, ur study’s results d suggest that ur nse plays a bigger rle than previusly thught in ur chice f friends.(不过，我们的研究结果确实表明，我们的鼻子在我们选择朋友时所起的作用比以前想象的更大)”可推知，索贝尔肯定了研究的结果，对于研究结果的态度是赞同的。故选C项。
12、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“A well-designed website r app user interface (用户界面) makes the infrmatin n the website r app accessible t the screen reader, which makes it accessible t blind users. Hwever, a badly designed website r applicatin will turn ut t be invisible t a screen reader. (一个设计良好的网站或应用程序用户界面可以让屏幕阅读器访问网站或应用程序上的信息，这使得盲人用户也可以访问。然而，一个设计糟糕的网站或应用程序对屏幕阅读器来说是不可见的。)”可知，设计良好的应用程序和设计糟糕的应用程序相比较，前者与屏幕阅读器配合使用效果很好。故选A项。
13、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many designers find a gd way t make technlgy available t all, which can be explained thrugh an example — the whle tuch screen. (许多设计师找到了一种让所有人都能使用技术的好方法，这可以通过一个例子来解释——整个触摸屏。)”以及“At present, the prevailing slutin t this prblem is t use the whle tuch screen as an input cntrl. Instead f having t tuch a particular part f the screen, users can tap anywhere in respnse t audi instructins. (许多设计师找到了一种让所有人都能使用技术的好方法，这可以通过一个例子来解释——整个触摸屏。目前流行的解决这个问题的方法是使用整个触摸屏作为输入控件。用户无需触摸屏幕的某个特定部分，而是可以根据音频指令点击任何地方。)”可知，许多设计师认为使技术对所有人友好的好方法是使输入和输出控制易于操作。故选B项。
14、答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Yet many technlgies are still nt accessible t users with disabilities. One way t make apps and websites mre accessible is t have peple with disabilities designing the technlgies. But the design prcess itself is nt very accessible t thse very peple, because very few tls in user interface designers’ tlbx are accessible. (然而，残疾用户仍然无法使用许多技术。让应用程序和网站更容易访问的一种方法是让残疾人设计技术。但设计过程本身对这些人来说并不是很容易理解，因为用户界面设计师的工具箱中只有很少的工具是可访问的。)”说明要满足残疾人要求有难度，解决方法是让残疾人来设计技术，这也是相当困难的，从而推知划线词句“It’s a catch-22. (这是一个catch-22。)”其中划线短语应为“两难”的意思。故选C项。
15、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“While it is useful fr designers t be aware f hw users with disabilities interact with technlgies, the mst pwerful insights may cme frm thse with disabilities themselves. (虽然对设计师来说，了解残疾用户如何与技术互动是有用的，但最有力的见解可能来自残疾人士自己。)”可知，文章的目的是强调让残疾人士参与技术开发的重要性。故选D项。
16、答案：①-⑤EDGAF
解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些减少手机使用的方法。
①上文“The typical cellphne user tuches his r her phne 2,617 times every day. Mst peple spend 3 hurs n their phnes each day. The effects f this usage are shcking: reducing the quality f cnversatins and negatively affecting shrt-term memry and prblem slving.(典型的手机用户每天触摸手机2617次。大多数人每天花3小时在手机上。这种用法的效果令人震惊：降低了对话的质量，对短期记忆和解决问题产生了负面影响)”说明手机用户花费大量时间在手机上，手机上瘾对人产生了负面影响，E项中phne addictin是关键词，E项“手机成瘾与精神疾病之间的关系令人担忧”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
②上文“Yu culd set alarms specifying hw ften yu can check yur phne.(你可以设置闹钟，指定查看手机的频率)”说明可以采用设置闹钟的方法来指定查看手机的频率，D项“例如，每半小时、每45分钟或每小时”举例说明设置闹钟、指定查看手机频率的方法，承接上文，符合题意。故选D。
③上文“Therefre, yu culd create a n-phne time zne.(因此，你可以创建一个无手机时区)”以及下文“S yu can cncentrate n the wrk in frnt f yu.(这样你就可以专注于眼前的工作)”说明可以关闭手机，创建无手机时区，以专注于工作，G项中Shut yur phne是关键词，G项“当你工作效率最高时，每天至少要关机2小时”承上启下，符合题意。故选G。
④下文“One idea is t replace sme smartphne functins with real bjects.(一个想法是用实物代替一些智能手机功能)”说明可以使用其他物品代替手机的一些功能，即减少对手机的依赖性，A项“减少你的依赖”可以作为本段小标题。故选A。
⑤上文“Every time yu want t use yur phne, this brings abut a mindfulness exercise and makes yu ask yurself what yur intentin is. If yu really want t use the phne, set yur intentin fr why and remve the hairband.(每次你想使用手机时，这都会带来一个正念练习，让你问自己你的意图是什么。如果你真的想使用手机，设定你的意图，说明原因并摘掉发带)”说明发带的具体用法，F项“这种做法有助于避免每3分钟无意识地解锁手机”承接上文，说明使用发带的好处，符合题意。故选F。
17、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它们之间有一个很大的区别。A. secret秘密；B. appintment约会 ；C. difference不同；D. cnflict冲突。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie n the cuch all the time that she 7 hw different Angel’s life had been frm hers.”可知，这对双胞胎不同。故选C。
18、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于安吉尔天生患有唐氏综合征，一些陌生人建议把她送进福利院。A. recmmended推荐；B. tried尝试；C. avided避免；D. admitted承认。根据“As Angel was brn with Dwn syndrme (唐氏综合征)”可知，陌生人建议把患有唐氏综合征的安吉尔送进福利院。故选A。
19、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的妈妈拒绝了，说她要带安吉尔回家。A. arrived到达；B. declined拒绝；C. apprved同意；D. fllwed跟着。根据“said she was ging t take Angel hme.”可知，妈妈拒绝了陌生人的建议。故选B。
20、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：珀赛和安吉尔可以随心所欲地唱歌跳舞，他们共同度过了一段美妙的童年。A. tugh困难的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. stressful压力大的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“Being able t sing and dance as they pleased,”可知，这对双胞胎童年都很棒。故选D。
21、答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：22岁时，安吉尔不得不辍学。A. get ff下车；B. get rid f摆脱；C. get ut f出去；D. get ver克服。根据“and there were n ther lcal clleges fr adults like Angel.”可知，没有适合像安吉尔这样的成年人大学，她不得不离开学校。故选C。
22、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：安吉尔没有能力在她所在的农村社区的日间课程中找到成就感，而且当地也没有其他适合像安吉尔这样的成年人的大学。A. security安全；B. accmplishment成就；C. cnfidence信心；D. cmmunity社区。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie n the cuch all the time ”可知，安吉尔找不到成就感。故选B。
23、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当珀赛看到妹妹一直躺在沙发上时，她才意识到安吉尔的生活与她的生活是多么不同。A.agreed同意；B. prved证明 ；C. recalled回忆；D. realized意识到。根据“It was when Pursai saw her sister lie n the cuch all the time that ”可知，直到那时珀博意识到妹妹和她生活不一样。故选D。
24、答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在2008年，Pursai遇到了Pam Lindsay医生，她有一个患有自闭症的女儿。A. Disappintedly失望地；B. Gratefully感激地；C. Frtunately幸运地；D. Regretfully后悔。根据“And in 2009, they 10 he Cllege f Adaptive Arts in San Jse, Califrnia, fr this grup with 11 needs but n access t higher educatin.”可知，幸运地是，珀赛遇到Pam医生，他们专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体成立了适应艺术学院。故选C。
25、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们谈到智障成年人缺乏教育选择。A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样性；C. balance平衡；D. freedm自由。根据“there were n ther lcal clleges fr adults like Angel.”可知，智障成年人缺乏教育的选择。故选A。
26、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，他们在加州圣何塞市成立了适应艺术学院，专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体服务。A. visited参观；B. cntacted 联系；C. attended出席；D. funded成立。根据“fr this grup with 11 needs but n access t higher educatin.”可知，他们为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体成立了适应艺术学院。故选D。
27、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2009年，他们在加州圣何塞市成立了适应艺术学院，专门为有特殊需求但无法接受高等教育的群体服务。A. financial金融的；B. medical医疗的；C. special特殊的；D. emtinal情感的。根据“adults with intellectual disabilities.”可知，这类人群有特殊需求。故选C。
28、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多家长都表示欣慰，他们的孩子找到了一个安全的空间来学习、成长和发展友谊。A. cncern担心；B. determinatin决心；C. dubt怀疑；D. relief宽慰。根据“their child fund a safe space t learn, grw and develp friendships.”可知，家长们对自己有特殊需求的孩子找到安全空间而感到欣慰。故选D。
29、答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：普尔赛说:“有些成年人在苦苦挣扎，因为他们很难找到一所满足他们需求的传统大学。”A. struggling挣扎；B. cmpeting竞争；C. flating漂浮；D. emerging出现。根据“they can hardly find a traditinal cllege”可知，很难找到传统大学的残疾成年人过得很挣扎。故选A。
30、答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：普尔赛说:“有些成年人在苦苦挣扎，因为他们很难找到一所满足他们需求的传统大学。”A. submits t提交；B. caters t迎合，满足；C. sticks t坚持；D. refers t提及。根据“and there were n ther lcal clleges fr adults like Angel. ”可知，没有能满足他们需求的传统大学。故选B。
31、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但当你给他们一个安全的空间时，这是一个令人难以置信的变化。”A. invitatin邀请；B. challenge挑战；C. change改变；D. adventure冒险。根据“they can hardly find a traditinal cllege.”并结合常识可知，有特殊需求的人们可以上学，学习艺术等，这对他们来说是一个改变。故选C。
32、答案：cncerning
解析：考查介词。句意：教授将做一场关于污染和雨林的讲座。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词cncerning，意为“关于”。故填cncerning。
33、答案：Being expsed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：长时间暴露在阳光下对皮肤是有害的。根据句子结构可知，设空处缺少主语。be expsed t表示意为“暴露，接触”，此处在句中作主语，故用动名词作主语。同时该空位于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Being expsed。
34、答案：ignrance
解析：考查名词。句意：我开始为自己对世界历史一无所知而感到尴尬了。根据空格前by my cmplete可知，此处应该填名词，作介词宾语。ignre“忽视”为动词，其名词形式为ignrance，不可数名词，故填ignrance。
35、答案：lacking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：缺乏营养的饮食将不会使人保持健康。谓语动词是 will nt keep，空格处作后置定语， A diet和lack之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填lacking。
36、答案：allwing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：大学扩大了，从而使更多的人有机会接受高等教育。此处allw应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填allwing。
37、答案：genersity
解析：考查名词。句意：慷慨的行为可以改变生活，或者只是给你充满爱的温暖的感觉。根据空格前的介词f可知，此处应填名词作介词的宾语，形容词generus的名词形式为genersity，genersity是不可数名词。故填genersity。
38、答案：beneath
解析：考查介词。句意：他觉得发表评论会有失尊严。根据句意可知，此处表示“发表评论有失尊严”，空处应用介词beneath，构成短语beneath ne’s dignity，表示“有失身份，有失尊严”，符合题意。故填beneath。
39、答案：where/n which
解析：考查定语从句。句意：学生会就像一个大平台，在这个平台上每个人都不遗余力实现他们的梦想。分析句子结构，本句为复合句，从句是一个非限制性定语从句。因先行词stage 在定语从句中做地点状语，使用关系副词或者介词+which引导定语从句，故填where/n which。
40、答案：it
解析：考查代词。句意：主席认为有必要邀请史密斯教授在会上发言。此处考查句型think it ... t d sth，其中it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语。故填it。
41、答案：what
解析：考查倍数表达的固定句型。句意：令这对夫妇感到欣慰的是，他们现在的收入是五年前的两倍。“A+谓语+倍数+what从句”是倍数表达法之一，句中duble为形容词，相当于twice as much as...。故填what。
42、答案：①prducts②t prmte③that/which④riding⑤a⑥is⑦fr⑧registered⑨creative⑩their
解析：①考查名词。句意:该公司的商店不仅提供自行车装备和产品，还设有咖啡馆、花卉和服装区，旨在推广自行车文化作为一种生活方式的选择,并扩大城市自行车社区的规模和凝聚力。根据下文的cafes和sectins可知，此处使用可数名词prduct的复数形式来作prvide的宾语。故填prducts。
②考查固定搭配。句意见上一题。固定搭配aim t d译为“旨在”，t是不定式符号,接动词原形prmte。故填t prmte。
③考查定语从句。句意: RE的首席执行官罗源在接受《环球时报》采访时表示，骑行文化在中国已经存在很长时间了，而在20世纪80年代曾经司空见惯的景象一很多人骑自行车，现在这种情景又回来了。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句。先行词scene是物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或者which引导限制性定语从句。故填that/which。
④考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。此处"lts f peple (ride) bikes"为独立主格结构，ride用非谓语动词形式，非谓语动词ride和其逻辑主语peple之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填riding。
⑤考查冠词。句意:运动的积极理念可以满足当今城市骑手对现代、环保生活方式的渴望根据句意可知，此处泛指“一种现代的、环保的生活方式”，所以需要用不定冠词。mdern又是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句意:骆指出，对越来越多的人来说，骑自行车正成为一种精神治疗的方式。根据句意以及空格后的现在分词becming可知，此处为现在进行时。主语为动名词riding a bike,所以谓语动词也用单数。故填is。
⑦考查介词。句意:以RE的在线平台为例，它拥有超过2万名注册在线会员和20多个子社区，在这些社区中,骑自行车的人参与创建活动，比如用回收材料设计自己的骑行服。固定搭配take sth. fr example(以为例)。故填fr。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。句子中谓语为has,所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词register和其逻辑主语members之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填registered。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意见第七题。介词in后需要用动名词作宾语。故填creating。
⑩考查代词。句意:这种趋势也可以在社交媒体平台上看到，如媒体评论网站豆瓣和生活方式平台小红书，有经验的骑手在上面分享他们设计的路线和体验。根据空格后的名词rutes和experiences可知，此处用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
43、答案：Dear Allen,
Hearing that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I'm writing t invite yu t attend the calligraphy and painting exhibitin being held in the Arts Centre f ur city.
The shw, whse theme is "My Peple, My Cuntry", displays a variety f classic paintings abut the diligent Chinese peple and their happy life, frm which yu can als learn abut the big change and the rapid develpment f the cuntry in recent years. Besides, sme great calligraphy wrks frm sme well-knwn artists are included. I'm sure yu will be very interested in them.
Will yu be available n Saturday mrning? I wuld like t pick yu up at 8:30 a.m. at the schl gate. Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你校交换生Allen写一封电子邮件，邀请他与你一同参观正在市艺术中心举办的以 My Peple, My Cuntry 为主题的书法绘画展。
1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in
各种各样的：a variety f→all kinds f
此外：besides→what's mre
想要干某事：wuld like t d sth.→feel like ding sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, sme great calligraphy wrks frm sme well-knwn artists are included.
拓展句：Besides, sme great calligraphy wrks that cme frm sme well-knwn artists are included.
【高分句型1】Hearing that yu are interested in Chinese culture, I'm writing t invite yu t attend the calligraphy and painting exhibitin being held in the Arts Centre f ur city. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】The shw, whse theme is "My Peple, My Cuntry", displays a variety f classic paintings abut the diligent Chinese peple and their happy life, frm which yu can als learn abut the big change and the rapid develpment f the cuntry in recent years. (运用了whse和"介词+关系代词(frm which)"引导的非限制性定语从句)
44、答案：reflect n/reflect upn
解析：考查动词短语。句意：随着每年元旦临近，人们经常会反省自己一年中的得失。根据汉语提示，空处应用短语reflect n/upn sth.，表示“反省某事”，根据句中cmes以及空前ften可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语是peple，谓语动词应用原形形式。故填reflect n/upn。
45、答案：break dwn
解析：考查动词短语。句意：该公司承诺这种新产品是环保的，因为它可以自然分解而不产生任何有害物质。分析句子，该空需要动词原形和情态动词can作谓语，根据汉语提示“分解”，某种物质的自然分解，动词短语break dwn符合题意。故填break dwn。
46、答案：bring life t
解析：考查动词短语。句意：该组织希望这位新经理能给整个团队带来活力，因为竞争对手破坏了团队的精神。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示“注入活力”对应的动词短语bring life t，前面有情态动词will，后面动词用原形。故填bring life t。
47、答案：in length
解析：考查介词短语。句意：亚马孙河，雨林由此得名，长度接近6400千米。根据汉语提示，空处应用介词短语in length，表示“长度”，作状语，符合题意。故填in length。
48、答案：waiting fr/in stre fr
解析：考查固定短语。句意：当她今晚回家时，有一个大大的惊喜在等着她。分析题干可知，主句已有谓语动词“will be”，故空处不会出现谓语动词，wait fr sb表示“等待某人”，“surprise”和wait之间是主动关系，故用waiting fr。介词短语in stre fr sb也可以表示“（某事）等待着某人”。故填waiting fr或in stre fr。
49、答案：be familiar with
解析：考查固定短语。句意：今天，我将向你简要介绍电影制作上一些你可能不熟悉的方面。根据汉语提示，空处应用be familiar with，为固定短语，其中介词不可省略，情态动词might后接动词原形形式。故填be familiar with。
50、答案：are particular abut
解析：考查动词短语。句意：中国商人对细节很挑剔，尤其是质量方面。根据汉语提示及所给句子可知，空处应用动词短语be particular abut，句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语Chinese businessmen是复数，be动词应用are。故填are particular abut。
51、答案：in turn
解析：考查介词短语。句意：每天锻炼身体，相应地，会提高你的免疫系统。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语in turn，作状语。故填in turn。
52、答案：at a lss
解析：考查介词短语。句意：当恐惧控制大脑的时候，我们大多数人会感到茫然不知所措。根据汉语提示“茫然”及“will be”可知，此处可以用介词短语at a lss作表语，表示“茫然，困惑”。故填at a lss。
53、答案：typical f
解析：考查固定短语。句意：忘记所有重要的事情是她典型的做法。根据汉语提示及所给句子可知，空处应用固定短语be typical f，表示“……是典型的”，其中形容词typical作句子表语。故填typical f。
54、答案：①impressed②survival③majrity④established⑤Devted
解析：①考查动词。句意：他总是给孩子们留下这样的印象：如果他们努力工作，他们就会在生活中取得成功。根据句意可知，此处表示“给……留下深刻印象”，应用名词impressin“印象”对应的动词impress，使用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的had构成过去完成时，符合题意。故填impressed。
②考查名词。句意：医生告诉病人家属，他有75%的生存机会。分析句子可知，空处应用名词形式作介词f的宾语，根据句意可知，此处表示“存活”，动词survive对应的名词形式survival，表示“生存，存活”，符合句意。故填survival。
③考查名词。句意：当有人给我们做了一顿我们不喜欢的饭时，我们大多数人都会撒一个善意的谎言，说这食物很好吃。空处用于定冠词the之后，应用名词形式，根据句意可知，此处表示“大多数”，应用形容词majr对应的名词形式majrity，the majrity f表示“大多数”，符合句意。故填majrity。
④考查动词。句意：政府创立了一个委员会来重建该镇的历史建筑。根据句意可知，此处表示“创立”，应用动词establish，使用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的has构成现在完成时，符合题意。故填established。
⑤考查动词。句意：投身于工作，他没有时间陪伴孩子们。分析句子可知，空处作非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表示“投身于”，应用动词devte，be devted t为固定短语，表示“投身于”，作状语时去掉be动词，过去分词形式devted置于句首，首字母大写。故填Devted。
establish specific weave devte majr survive impressin