资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩9页未读，
继续阅读
北京卷02-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷
展开
这是一份北京卷02-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷，文件包含北京卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷原卷版docx、北京卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷解析版docx、北京卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷答题卡docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)
I glanced t my left and right as I gt ready at the starting line. The sight f ther cmpetitrs wh had cnfident and fierce-lking faces gt me gse bumps and I was even mre ___1___ than befre.
“On yur mark, get set... G!” shuted the race fficial. I pushed myself frward with all my ___2___ and started running as thugh a pride f man-eating lins were cming after me. As I ran, I culd see the ther cmpetitrs catching up with me. All f a sudden, I fell dwn n my knees. A hundred pairs f eyes bred int me, watching me ___3___ t get up. But n matter hw hard I tried, I just culd nt d it.
“N, it cannt end like this. I have t ___4___ this race.” I thught t myself. Hwever, the pain frm my injury was s unbearable that I felt ttally ___5___. I really wanted t give up.
Out f despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.
“Thank yu...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shulder fr supprt, and I ___8___ frward. The crwd cheered at this brilliant display f ___9___. Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.
Even thugh I never gt the chance t learn her name, I will always remember her as the ne wh stepped frward t help me when I was in _____10_____.
1. A. tiredB. cnfusedC. nervusD. regretful
2. A. jyB. mightC. trubleD. shame
3. A. attemptB. hesitateC. waitD. pretend
4. A. rganizeB. evaluateC. appreciateD. cmplete
5. A. defeatedB. inspiredC. shckedD. relaxed
6. A. wavedB. extendedC. shwedD. pinted
7. A. prudlyB. cautiuslyC. awkwardlyD. gratefully
8. A. mvedB. fellC. bentD. lked
9. A. partnershipB. sprtsmanshipC. leadershipD. friendship
10. A. angerB. dubtC. needD. silence
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
1考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. cnfused困惑的；C. nervus紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight f ther cmpetitrs wh had cnfident and fierce-lking faces gt me gse bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
2考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. jy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. truble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
3考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All f a sudden, I fell dwn n my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
4考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. rganize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. cmplete完成。根据前文“N, it cannt end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
5考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shcked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Hwever, the pain frm my injury was s unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted t give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
6考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. shwed展示；D. pinted指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
7考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. prudly骄傲地；B. cautiusly谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
8考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. mved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. lked看。根据后文“Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
9考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sprtsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
10考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. dubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out f despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
（2023届北京市东城区高三一模）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On a particular sunny day, little Mykel was determined t learn t ride his bike withut the help f training wheels. When the neighbrhd kids ____11____ (spt) Mykel shakily cntrlling his bike, they raced ver ____12____ (help). Sme held the bike steady while thers ffered encuragement. Mykel was nt alne as he tried t reach his gal f learning t ride his bike! Sme things are ____13____ (easy) said than dne. Hwever, with a little help frm friends, things g better!
【答案】11. sptted 12. t help 13. easier
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。
11考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮忙。根据上文的时间状语“On a particular sunny day”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填sptted。
12考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t help。
13考查形容词比较级。句意：有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级。故填easier。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Renewable methds fr ____14____ (prduce) electricity, such as wind turbines and slar panels, can nly prvide pwer n the days ____15____ wind blws r the sun shines. Electric batteries ____16____ (use) t stre energy are expensive and can als be plluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple slutin that puts unwanted green electricity t wrk, heating 100 tns f sand t arund 500℃. The sand stays ht fr mnths; when energy ____17____ (require), air can be pumped thrugh it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies ht water t heat nearby huses.
【答案】14. prducing 15. when 16. used 17. is required
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。
14考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。空前为介词fr，故空处需要填动名词ding的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填prducing。
15考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。
16考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
17考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be dne的形式。故填is required。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The idea f writing a pem might feel frightening ____18____ (initial)—d yu need t fllw a certain structure, des it need t have a rhyme, r d yu need t have recited a dictinary t be a “prper” pet? The truth is: abslutely nt. While there are “types” f pem that ffer structure t serve ____19____ a guide, the reality is that petry desn’t have t fllw a set f rules—it’s much mre abut cnveying a feeling, and that pens up a lt f creative ____20____ (free) fr us t explre.
【答案】18. initially 19. as 20. freedm
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了写诗让人害怕的原因，并解释道，诗歌不需要遵循“死板”的规则。
18考查副词。句意：一开始写诗的想法可能会让人害怕——你是否需要遵循某种结构，它是否需要押韵，或者你是否需要背诵一本字典来成为一个“合适的”诗人？分析句子可知，空处去掉后不影响理解，故需要填副词的形式作状语。故填initially。
19考查固定短语。句意：虽然有一些“类型”的诗歌提供了结构作为指导，但现实是，诗歌并不一定要遵循一套规则。固定短语serve as表示“用作；充当；作为”，符合句意。故填as。
20考查名词。句意：它更多的是传达一种感觉，这为我们开辟了许多创作的自由，供我们探索。creative为形容词表示“创新的；创作的”，a lt f表示“很多”，故空处需要填名词。故填freedm。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三一模)
The Ecnmic and Scial Cuncil (ECOSOC) Yuth Frum is an annual initiative f the President f the Cuncil. It has develped int a key platfrm where yung peple can cntribute t plicy discussins at the United Natins (UN). This year’s Yuth Frum will take place frm 25 t 27 April, 2023.
·Objectives
The Frum aims t engage yung peple in a dialgue with Member States, plicymakers and ther actrs t vice their views and inspire actins n hw t transfrm the wrld int a better place guided by the Sustainable Develpment Gals (SDGs). Participants will als have the pprtunity t cntribute t the preparatry prcess f the SDG Summit.
The 2023 Frum will address the theme n speeding up the recvery frm the COVID-19 and the full implementatin (实施) f the 2030 Agenda fr Sustainable Develpment. It will als review prgress in the areas f affrdable and clean energy, and sustainable cities and cmmunities, ete.
· Frmat
The three-day event will feature plenary (全体出席的) sessins and reginally based discussins, with the last day designed fr the preparatin f the 2023 SDG Summit. Talented yuth speakers will deliver shrt presentatins in between sessins.
Participatin in the Frum is by invitatin nly. The yuth participants are selected by Natinal Yuth Cuncils, reginal yuth rganizatins, etc.
The event will be held in a mixed way allwing fr pprtunities fr in-persn and virtual participatin. Participants will als be able t ask questins via scial media.
· The vices frm last year’s participants
21. The ECOSOC Yuth Frum 2023 will________.
A. discuss the glbal recvery issueB. select the yuth leaders fr the UN
C. set gals fr sustainable develpmentD. gather yung peple t build a platfrm
22. Accrding t the passage, the yung participants can ________.
A. register t jin in the Frum persnallyB. give brief speeches in plenary sessins
C. take part in the event nline and fflineD. attend the SDG Summit after the Frum
23. What is the advice frm 2022 participants?
A. T be willing t cnsider varius vices.B. T make time arrangements a tp pririty.
C. T master public speaking skills in advance.D. T be efficient with the help f plicymakers.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A
【解析】本文是篇应用文。文章主要介绍了即将举办的2023年ECOSOC青年论坛的相关信息和内容。
21细节理解题。根据第三段“The 2023 Frum will address the theme n speeding up the recvery frm the COVID-19 and the full implementatin (实施) f the 2030 Agenda fr Sustainable Develpment.”（2023年论坛的主题是加快从2019冠状病毒中复苏和全面落实2030年可持续发展议程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年论坛将会讨论全球从新冠病毒中复苏的问题。故选A。
22细节理解题。根据第六段“The event will be held in a mixed way allwing fr pprtunities fr in-persn and virtual participatin. Participants will als be able t ask questins via scial media.”（该活动将以一种混合的方式举行，允许面对面和虚拟参与的机会，参与者还可以通过社交媒体提问）可知，参加者可以在线上和线下参加这次活动。故选C。
23细节理解题。根据最后一段“I als strngly advise them t be pen t hearing everyne’s different pinins frm an bjective pint f view.”（我还强烈建议他们从客观的角度听取每个人的不同意见）可知，2022年的参加者还建议该活动愿意听取各种不同的声音，考虑各方面不同的意见。故选A。
B
(2023届北京市丰台区高三一模)
This was the first cmmunicatin that had cme frm her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime.
“I think yur aunt has frgiven me at last,” her father said as he passed the letter acrss the table.
Jessie lked first at the autgraph(签名). It seemed strange t see her wn name there. There was a likeness between her aunt’s autgraph and her wn, a hint f the same decisiveness and precisin. If Jessie had been educated fifty years earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner.
“Yu’re very like her in sme ways,” her father said, as she still stared at the autgraph.
“I shuld think yu must almst have frgtten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear,” she said. “Hw many years is it since yu last saw her?”
“Mre than frty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself n being s mdern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altgether beynd me, I admit.”
“And s it seems that she wants t see me.” Jessie straightened her shulders and lifted her head. She was excited at the thught f meeting this mythical aunt whm she had s ften heard abut. Smetimes she had wndered if the persnality f this remarkable relative had nt been a figment(虚构) f her father’s imaginatin.
But this letter f hers that nw lay n the breakfast table was admirable in character. There was smething f intlerance expressed in its tne. It was just like what her father had tld her.
Mr. Deane came ut f his past memries with a sigh.
“Yes, yes; she wants t see yu, my dear,” he said. “I’ve heard she has set up a schl and helped many yungsters. I think yu had better accept this invitatin t stay with her. If she tk a fancy t yu, yu culd get a better educatin…”
He sighed again, and Jessie knew that fr the hundredth time he was regretting his wn past weakness...
25. Hw was the relatinship between Jessie’s father and her aunt?
A. It remained very clse ver the years.B. It was brken when they were yung.
C. It gt tenser due t a misunderstanding.D. It was uneasy fr their financial differences.
26. Frm the passage, we knw Jessie was .
A. eager t meet her aunt.B. cautius abut her aunt’s invitatin
C. angry with her aunt fr ignring her family.D. puzzled by her aunt’s sudden interest in her
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Jessie’s aunt prmised t ffer her better educatin.B. Jessie’s aunt’s persnality seemed t change a lt.
C. Jessie and her aunt were different in persnality.D. Jessie’s father felt srry fr what he had dne.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的姑姑与父亲因为分歧，多年未见面。父亲收到了姑姑的来信，父亲很悔恨，并打算将作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。
24推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This was the first cmmunicatin that had cme frm her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime. (这是Jessie生命中第一次与姑姑的联系。)”以及文章第六段““Mre than frty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. (父亲说道：“四十多年了。我们有分歧，我们总是有分歧”。)”可知，作者的父亲和姑姑已经四十多年没见面了，故他们的关系在年轻的时候就破裂了，故选B。
25细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“She was excited at the thught f meeting this mythical aunt whm she had s ften heard abut. (一想到能见到这个她经常听说的神奇的姑姑，她就激动不已。)”可知，Jessie很渴望见到姑姑，故选A。
26细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He sighed again, and Jessie knew that fr the hundredth time he was regretting his wn past weakness... (父亲再次叹气，d Jessie知道，父亲已经为自己过去的软弱后悔了几百次了……)”可知，作者的父亲为之前的软弱感到悔恨，因此父亲是为之前的所做的事情感动后悔，故选D。
C
(2022届北京市顺义区高三一模)
It has always been hrrible fr me t picture my life in ld age. My recent visits t the senir care center, hwever, eased sme f my fears and prvided valuable fd fr thught.
Lking fr meaningful ways t spend my weekends after my exams, I signed up t a prgram f arts and crafts fr the elderly run by my schlmates. I was infrmed that the Renci Nursing Hme, where the prgram wuld be held, hused sme f the less frtunate elderly in Singapre. Sme backgrund research gave me the impressin that many f them suffered frm physical issues and had little family supprt. As a result, I expected the atmsphere there t be discuraging. And, judging by the lack f interest in the painting activities, I truly sensed a feeling f purpselessness there. Given that we live in a sciety in which the bnds between the generatins are weakening, perhaps the disappinting atmsphere in the hme wasn’t surprising. The peple were cut ff frm the ties that make life meaningful.
Is it safe t say then that ur lives after retirement will likely feel aimless? But after I spke t a Prtuguese-Chinese man, I thught that this wasn’t necessarily s. At the age f 90, he displayed a surprisingly strng sense f cntrl ver his life. His liveliness was exceptinal amng the elderly ppulatin in the hme. He had spent his life either traveling arund the wrld as a backpacker, r wrking hard in Singapre t save up fr his trips. He had made it a rule t learn freign languages, exercise and eat healthily — smething he cntinued t d during his stay in the nursing hme.
While he spke t me abut hw his time in Lndn had shaped his view f cultural difference. I lked int his eyes. I knew that this was the kind f cntrl ver life that I wanted fr myself. I dn't want t spend half f my time wandering abut in freign cuntries like he did, but I d want t appreciate the richness that life has t ffer.
27. Why did the authr g t the Renci Nursery Hme?
A. Because it was run by his schlmates.B. Because he meant t learn arts and crafts.
C. Because he wanted a significant weekend.D. Because it hused sme less frtunate elderly.
28. Befre the authr entered the nursing hme, he thught it was_______.
A. a place filled with depressinsB. a place slving physical prblems
C. a place full f impressive activitiesD. a place cnnecting different generatins
29. What mainly helped the authr change his attitude tward ld age?
A. The hard wrk f the elderly.B. The liveliness f an ld man.
C. The view f cultural difference.D. The care f the nursing hme.
30. What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Caring fr the Elderly.B. Living by His Own Law.
C. Traveling n Our WayD. Preparing fr the Old Age.
【答案】27. C 28. A 29. B 30. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想象自己晚年的生活会是一件可怕的事，然而，在去了老年护理中心以后，缓解了恐惧并对生活充满了感激。
27细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Lking fr meaningful ways t spend my weekends after my exams, I signed up t a prgram f arts and crafts fr the elderly run by my schlmates. （考试后，为了寻找有意义的方式来度过我的周末，我报名参加了一个由我的同学为老年人开办的艺术和手工艺项目）”可知，作者去 the Renci Nursery Hme是为了寻找有意义的方式来度过周末。故选C。
28细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“As a result, I expected the atmsphere there t be discuraging. （因此，我预计那里的气氛会是令人沮丧的）”可知，作者在进入养老院之前，认为那里的气氛是令人沮丧的。故选A。
29细节理解题。根据第三段“But after I spke t a Prtuguese-Chinese man, I thught that this wasn’tt necessarily s. At the age f 90, he displayed a surprisingly strng sense f cntrl ver his life. His liveliness was exceptinal amng the elderly ppulatin in the hme. （但当我和一个葡萄牙华裔男子交谈后，我觉得情况并非如此。在90岁的时候，他表现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感。他在这个家里的老年人中特别活泼）”可知，是一个活泼的90岁老年人让作者改变了他对老年的态度。故选B。
30主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者在养老院遇到一位90高龄，但仍然充满活力的老人，结合第三段“At the age f 90, he displayed a surprisingly strng sense f cntrl ver his life.（在90岁的时候，他表现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感）”和最后一段“I knew that this was the kind f cntrl ver life that I wanted fr myself.（我知道这就是我想要的那种对生活的控制）”可知，老人对生活的控制，即“做自己人生的主人”，这种生活态度让作者推崇备至，这也是作者想表达的主题，所以B项“按自己的法则生活”是最佳标题。故选B。
D
(2023届北京市石景山区一模)
Many f us may experience dinner-table debates. One cmmn scene plays ut as fllws. Yu want t cnvince a friend r a family member f smething yu knw they may disagree, and yu share infrmatin and walk thrugh yur reasning with them. Still, they reject yur case. Hw d yu react when yur pwers f persuasin fail? Yu might dismiss the persn wh desn’t agree with yur arguments as narrw-minded, flish r therwise ut f tuch with reality. The whle experience may feel like trying t guide smene n a jurney when they refuse t fllw. Psychlgists have created a term, persuasin fatigue, t describe this frm f frustratin (懊恼).
Persuasin fatigue may make it harder t successfully keep challenging cnversatins. Past research demnstrates that feeling frustrated can make yu mre resistant t changing yur mind. It als shws that frustratin may reduce yur ability t recgnize why yur arguments dn’t succeed. Persuasin fatigue als explains why, when debates break dwn, peple tend t blame their cnversatinal ppnent. As Mark Twain nce wrte, “In all matters f pinin, ur ppnents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, peple generally reprted three times as many reasns why thers’ faults led t failed debates rather than their wn shrtcmings. It is true that thers are nt always pen t yur ideas. Ending the discussin can therefre be the right thing t d. But in an verheated debate, yur fatigue may lead yu t misinterpret the situatin and believe that yur ppnent is t stupid t see the truth. Frtunately, psychlgists suggest sme sund appraches t managing these situatins and prtecting yur relatinships.
T reach yur audience, it may be essential t express yur message in terms f their values, nt yurs. Psychlgists call this “mral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act f acknwledging values f the peple yu’re talking t — telling them yu understand where they’re cming frm, even if yu dn’t agree—may lead them t lwer their defenses and pen up a little t new arguments.
Yur fatigue may be even wrse by thinking r assuming that debate is a zer-sum struggle — that yu win if, and nly if, yur ppnent lses. But smetimes yu’re better ff seeing an argument as a cperative effrt t find the truth — less like angry neighburs fighting ver their prperty line. The neighburs map land tgether by viewing it frm multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help yu triangulate a view between yur pinin and the ther persn’s.
The tendency t blame thers fr exhausting debates has real cnsequences. In ur exhaustin, we may fail t see when ur frustratins stem frm a deep desire fr cnnectin. Recgnizing persuasin fatigue—and hw we cntribute t it—may help us pass thrugh heated debates withut leaving thse we lve behind.
31. Peple may experience persuasin fatigue when they _________.
A. try in vain t cnvince thersB. misinterpret thers’ reasning
C. adpt thers’ views unwillinglyD. try t persuade narrw-minded peple
32. Which is the pssible cnsequence f persuasin fatigue?
A. One can’t stick t his pint f view.B. One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C. One can’t get t the rt f failed debates.D. One feels incmpetent fr further arguments.
33. Why des the authr qute Mark Twain in the passage?
A. T stress the effect f changing thers’ mind.B. T cnfirm the difficulty f winning an argument.
C. T explain the reasn fr ne’s ending an argument D. T supprt the idea f ne’s tendency t blame thers.
34. Which is the recmmended slutin t managing persuasin fatigue?
A. Seeing a debate as a zer-sum game.B. Making an effrt fr cmmn grund.
C. Shifting the tpic t lwer thers’ defenses.D. Reframing pints based n ne’s wn values.
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解决的方法。
31细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Yu want t cnvince a friend r a family member f smething yu knw they may disagree, and yu share infrmatin and walk thrugh yur reasning with them. Still, they reject yur case. Hw d yu react when yur pwers f persuasin fail? Yu might dismiss the persn wh desn’t agree with yur arguments as narrw-minded, flish r therwise ut f tuch with reality. The whle experience may feel like trying t guide smene n a jurney when they refuse t fllw. Psychlgists have created a term, persuasin fatigue, t describe this frm f frustratin(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
32细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demnstrates that feeling frustrated can make yu mre resistant t changing yur mind. It als shws that frustratin may reduce yur ability t recgnize why yur arguments dn’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
33推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasin fatigue als explains why, when debates break dwn, peple tend t blame their cnversatinal ppnent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters f pinin, ur ppnents are insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
34推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But smetimes yu’re better ff seeing an argument as a cperative effrt t find the truth—less like angry neighburs fighting ver their prperty line. (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
(2023届北京市石景山区一模)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe.____35____Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence.
New research suggests yung children dn’t seek help in schl, even when they need it, fr the same reasn. Until recently, psychlgists assumed that children did nt start t care abut their reputatin and their friends’ thughts abut them until arund age nine.
But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm.____36____
T learn mre abut hw children think abut reputatin, we created simple stries and then asked children questins abut these situatins t allw kids t shwcase their thinking.
Acrss several studies, we asked 576 children, ages fur t nine, t predict the behavir f tw kids in a stry. One f the characters genuinely wanted t be smart, and the ther merely wanted t seem smart t thers. In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test.____37____The fur-year-lds were equally likely t chse either f the tw kids as the ne wh wuld seek help. But by age seven r eight, children thught that the kid wh wanted t seem smart wuld be less likely t ask fr assistance. And children’s expectatins were truly “reputatinal” in nature-they were specifically thinking abut hw the characters wuld act in frnt f thers. When assistance culd be sught privately (n a cmputer rather than in persn), children thught bth characters were equally likely t ask fr it.
____38____Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. ____39____Parents culd pint ut hw a child’s questin kicked ff a valuable cnversatin in which the entire family gt t talk and learn tgether. Adults culd praise kids fr seeking assistance. These respnses send a strng signal that ther peple value a willingness t ask fr aid and that seeking help is part f a path t success.
A. Kids culd be afraid t ask their parents fr help.
B. Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable.
C. In anther study we tld them that nly ne kid did prly.
D. Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins.
E. The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst.
F. But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G. We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help.
【答案】35. E 36. F 37. G 38. D 39. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。
35上文“Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。
36上文“But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。
37上文“In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。
38下文“Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。
39上文“They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Thrughut ur lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Sme f these experiences have made mre f an impact than thers. This can be due t different intelligences r learning styles. A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
The thery f multiple intelligences was prpsed in 1983 by Dr. Gardner in his bk Frames f Mind: The Thery f Multiple Intelligences, and it suggests that traditinal ideas abut intelligence, measured by standardized IQ tests, are very limited. Accrding t him, eight different intelligences are prpsed t describe the range f different abilities in children and adults. They are: linguistic intelligence, lgical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bdily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersnal intelligence, intrapersnal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence.
Sme schls fcus attentin n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences. Hwever, Dr. Gardner says that we shuld place equal attentin n peple wh pssess the ther intelligences: designers, athletes, musicians, salesmen, psychlgists, and bilgists.
Educatin can be much mre interesting and help mre students t learn mre effectively if teachers are encuraged t present lessns in a wide variety f ways using music, grup wrk, art activities, rle-play, multimedia, field trips, amng thers. The gd news is that hundreds f schls are currently using the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children. By ding s, students will perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds. Understanding a student’s learning style can help later in life and lead them int a mre fulfilling career directin.
The thery f multiple intelligences als gives adults a whle new way t lk at their lives, examining ptentials that they left behind in their childhd, such as a lve fr art r drama. They may nw have the pprtunity t develp these thrugh hbbies r ther prgrams f self-develpment.
40. Accrding t the passage, what is a persn’s learning style?
__________________________________________________________________________
41. What des Dr. Gardner use the eight intelligences t describe?
__________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Which intelligence d yu want t develp mst? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
41. T describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.
42. T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.
T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld use the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children.
43. I want t develp my spatial intelligence mst. Because I think a sense f space is very imprtant t a persn. In additin, I am interested in architecture and wuld like t be a building designer when I graduate frm university.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习风格的概念以及八种不同的智力和学校所采取的教育模式。
40考查细节理解。根据第一段“A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.(一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法)”可知，一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法。故答案为A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
41考查细节理解。根据第二段“Accrding t him, eight different intelligences are prpsed t describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.(他提出了八种不同的智力来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围)”可知，加德纳博士用八种智能来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围。故答案为T describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.
42考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The gd news is that hundreds f schls are currently using the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children. By ding s, students will perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds.(好消息是，目前有数百所学校正在使用多元智能理论来设计他们教育孩子的方式。通过这样做，学生们会表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要的信息)”可知，为了帮助学生表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要信息，学校应该使用多元智能理论来设计教育孩子的方式。错误部分为“schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences”。故答案为T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld use the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children.
43开放性题目。题干：你最想培养哪种智力？为什么？可回答：我最想发展我的空间智能。因为我认为空间感对一个人来说很重要。另外，我对建筑很感兴趣，大学毕业后想成为一名建筑设计师。故答案为I want t develp my spatial intelligence mst. Because I think a sense f space is very imprtant t a persn. In additin, I am interested in architecture and wuld like t be a building designer when I graduate frm university.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你正在组建与英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你校交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2. 说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习 research-based learning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw is it ging? We plan t frm a research-based learning grup. I wnder whether yu wuld like t jin us.
Our tpic is “A Study n the Differences between British English and American English”. We mainly fcus n their differences in terms f spelling, prnunciatin and vcabulary. The aim is t make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects f the differences s that we can gain a better understanding f the English language.
I knw yu are a native speaker f British English and yu lived in America fr several years, s hpefully yu can give us sme guidance during the research prcess. Please infrm me f yur decisin by this Friday.
Yur invlvement will add much jy t ur grup. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
(2)
Dear Jim,
As yu knw, we are required t d research-based learning this term. I am writing t invite yu t jin my team.
Here is the detailed infrmatin. We intend t cmpare Chinese literature and English literature in the same histrical perid, fr example, Shakespeare and Tang Xianzu f the Ming Dynasty. Since there was little chance fr pure literary exchange between natins in histry, what we are ding can help great writers frm China and Britain talk spiritually t sme extent.
I want yu in because I knw yu have a great passin fr British literature. Yur prfessinal knwledge will surely help us in efficiency and accuracy. Als, just imagine the sense f awe yu may get frm the similarities and differences we will find. If yu are interested, let me knw befre next Friday.
Lking frward t yur reply!
Yurs,
Li Hua
(3)
Dear Jim,
I’m establishing a research-based learning team n English study. I wnder if yu wuld like t be a member f it.
I plan t study hw t imprve ur English ability by watching English mvies. Ten classic English mvies like Frrest Gump will be cvered. We will analyse the authentic expressins and native prnunciatins, and discuss hw t apply them t English study. As watching English mvies ffers an easy access t English a learning, this prject will give students a clue abut enjyable and practical learning methds.
Knwing yu have cnducted relevant research, I think my prject may feed yur interest frm a different angle. Mrever, I’m sure yur participatin will increase the efficiency f cmpleting tasks. If yu’d like t cme, please let me knw befre next Friday.
I sincerely hpe that we can wrk tgether n this prject.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封电子邮件，邀请交换生Jim参加英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，并且向他介绍研究的具体内容和意义并说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
【详解】1. 词汇积累（以第一篇范文例）
打算做：plan t→intend t
专注于：fcus n→be centered n
在……方面：in terms f→in the field f
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I knw yu are a native speaker f British English and yu lived in America fr several years.
复合句：I knw yu are a native speaker f British English wh lived in America fr several years.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I wnder whether yu wuld like t jin us.（whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The aim is t make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects f the differences s that we can gain a better understanding f the English language.（不定式作表语以及s that引导的目的状语从句）
2022 Frum Participants Takeaway!
“The Yuth Frum gave me the pprtunity t discver the skills required t master public speaking. The time management is challenging but we finished all tasks even with a tight schedule.”
2022 Frum Participants’ Advice!
“Using surces the team prvides will increase the efficiency and effectiveness f cmpleting tasks. I als strngly advise them t be pen t hearing everyne’s different pinins frm an bjective pint f view.”
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)
I glanced t my left and right as I gt ready at the starting line. The sight f ther cmpetitrs wh had cnfident and fierce-lking faces gt me gse bumps and I was even mre ___1___ than befre.
“On yur mark, get set... G!” shuted the race fficial. I pushed myself frward with all my ___2___ and started running as thugh a pride f man-eating lins were cming after me. As I ran, I culd see the ther cmpetitrs catching up with me. All f a sudden, I fell dwn n my knees. A hundred pairs f eyes bred int me, watching me ___3___ t get up. But n matter hw hard I tried, I just culd nt d it.
“N, it cannt end like this. I have t ___4___ this race.” I thught t myself. Hwever, the pain frm my injury was s unbearable that I felt ttally ___5___. I really wanted t give up.
Out f despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.
“Thank yu...” I whispered ___7___ as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up.
She lent me her shulder fr supprt, and I ___8___ frward. The crwd cheered at this brilliant display f ___9___. Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.
Even thugh I never gt the chance t learn her name, I will always remember her as the ne wh stepped frward t help me when I was in _____10_____.
1. A. tiredB. cnfusedC. nervusD. regretful
2. A. jyB. mightC. trubleD. shame
3. A. attemptB. hesitateC. waitD. pretend
4. A. rganizeB. evaluateC. appreciateD. cmplete
5. A. defeatedB. inspiredC. shckedD. relaxed
6. A. wavedB. extendedC. shwedD. pinted
7. A. prudlyB. cautiuslyC. awkwardlyD. gratefully
8. A. mvedB. fellC. bentD. lked
9. A. partnershipB. sprtsmanshipC. leadershipD. friendship
10. A. angerB. dubtC. needD. silence
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一次跑步比赛中，摔倒了，膝盖的疼痛让作者无法继续前进。就在作者感到绝望时，旁边的选手停下来，搀扶着作者走向终点线。这让作者很是感动，并会永远记住这个在他需要帮助时，及时向他伸出援助之手的人。
1考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看着旁边充满自信且表情凶神恶煞的其他竞争者，我感到浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，我比之前更加紧张。A. tired疲惫的；B. cnfused困惑的；C. nervus紧张的；D. regretful后悔的。根据前文“The sight f ther cmpetitrs wh had cnfident and fierce-lking faces gt me gse bumps”可知，此处指作者看着旁边的人充满自信感到更加紧张，故选C。
2考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全身力气向前冲，尽管后面一群吃人的狮子紧跟在我后面。A. jy高兴，喜悦；B. might强大力量，威力；C. truble困难；D. shame羞愧。根据后文“and started running”可知，此处指我用尽全身强大的力量先前冲，故选B。
3考查动词词义辨析。句意：一百双眼睛盯着我看，看我努力试图爬起来。A. attempt企图，努力；B. hesitate犹豫；C. wait等待；D. pretend假装。根据前文“All f a sudden, I fell dwn n my knees.”可知，此处指我在赛跑时摔倒了，故努力试图爬起来，故填A。
4考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就这样结束了。我必须完成这次比赛”。A. rganize组织；B. evaluate评估，评价；C. appreciate欣赏，感激；D. cmplete完成。根据前文“N, it cannt end like this.”可知，此处指不能就这样结束，我必须完成这次比赛，故选D。
5考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，我膝盖上的疼痛如此无法忍受，以至于我感觉很泄气。A. defeated泄气的，受挫的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. shcked震惊的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Hwever, the pain frm my injury was s unbearable ”以及后文“I really wanted t give up.”可知，此处指我想放弃，因此我是感觉很泄气的，故选A。
6考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个善良的竞争者向我伸出了手。A. waved挥手；B. extended延伸，伸出；C. shwed展示；D. pinted指向。根据后文“as I grabbed her hand and she pulled me up”可知，此处指她向我伸出手，故选B。
7考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我抓住她的手，她把我拉起来的时候，我感激地说着“谢谢你”。A. prudly骄傲地；B. cautiusly谨慎地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. gratefully感激地。根据前文“a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.”可知，此处指我很感激那个向我伸出手的竞争者，因此是感激地说着谢谢，故选D。
8考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把肩膀借给我支撑，我向前移动。A. mved移动；B. fell摔，落；C. bent弯腰；D. lked看。根据后文“Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我支撑着她的肩膀，向终点线移动，故选A。
9考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众为这种杰出的体育精神而欢呼。A. partnership合伙，合作关系；B. sprtsmanship体育精神；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据前文“Tgether, bth f us crssed the finishing line.”可知，此处指我在比赛中摔倒了，旁边的人扶着我走向终点，这是一种体育精神，故选B。
10考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我不知道她的名字，但我将永远记得她，因为她是在我有需要时，走上前来帮助我的那个人。A. anger怒气；B. dubt疑惑；C. need需要；D. silence沉默。根据前文“Out f despair, I gazed up at the finishing line. Just then, a kind cmpetitr ___6___ her hand t me.”可知，此处指她在我需要帮助时，向我伸出了援助之手，故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
（2023届北京市东城区高三一模）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On a particular sunny day, little Mykel was determined t learn t ride his bike withut the help f training wheels. When the neighbrhd kids ____11____ (spt) Mykel shakily cntrlling his bike, they raced ver ____12____ (help). Sme held the bike steady while thers ffered encuragement. Mykel was nt alne as he tried t reach his gal f learning t ride his bike! Sme things are ____13____ (easy) said than dne. Hwever, with a little help frm friends, things g better!
【答案】11. sptted 12. t help 13. easier
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Mykel学习骑自行车时得到周围孩子的帮助的故事。
11考查一般过去时。句意：当邻居的孩子们发现Mykel摇摇晃晃地控制着他的自行车时，他们跑过去帮忙。根据上文的时间状语“On a particular sunny day”及主句中的“raced”可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填sptted。
12考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t help。
13考查形容词比较级。句意：有些事说起来容易做起来难。根据than可知此处应用形容词比较级。故填easier。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Renewable methds fr ____14____ (prduce) electricity, such as wind turbines and slar panels, can nly prvide pwer n the days ____15____ wind blws r the sun shines. Electric batteries ____16____ (use) t stre energy are expensive and can als be plluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple slutin that puts unwanted green electricity t wrk, heating 100 tns f sand t arund 500℃. The sand stays ht fr mnths; when energy ____17____ (require), air can be pumped thrugh it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies ht water t heat nearby huses.
【答案】14. prducing 15. when 16. used 17. is required
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。
14考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。空前为介词fr，故空处需要填动名词ding的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填prducing。
15考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。
16考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
17考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be dne的形式。故填is required。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The idea f writing a pem might feel frightening ____18____ (initial)—d yu need t fllw a certain structure, des it need t have a rhyme, r d yu need t have recited a dictinary t be a “prper” pet? The truth is: abslutely nt. While there are “types” f pem that ffer structure t serve ____19____ a guide, the reality is that petry desn’t have t fllw a set f rules—it’s much mre abut cnveying a feeling, and that pens up a lt f creative ____20____ (free) fr us t explre.
【答案】18. initially 19. as 20. freedm
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了写诗让人害怕的原因，并解释道，诗歌不需要遵循“死板”的规则。
18考查副词。句意：一开始写诗的想法可能会让人害怕——你是否需要遵循某种结构，它是否需要押韵，或者你是否需要背诵一本字典来成为一个“合适的”诗人？分析句子可知，空处去掉后不影响理解，故需要填副词的形式作状语。故填initially。
19考查固定短语。句意：虽然有一些“类型”的诗歌提供了结构作为指导，但现实是，诗歌并不一定要遵循一套规则。固定短语serve as表示“用作；充当；作为”，符合句意。故填as。
20考查名词。句意：它更多的是传达一种感觉，这为我们开辟了许多创作的自由，供我们探索。creative为形容词表示“创新的；创作的”，a lt f表示“很多”，故空处需要填名词。故填freedm。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三一模)
The Ecnmic and Scial Cuncil (ECOSOC) Yuth Frum is an annual initiative f the President f the Cuncil. It has develped int a key platfrm where yung peple can cntribute t plicy discussins at the United Natins (UN). This year’s Yuth Frum will take place frm 25 t 27 April, 2023.
·Objectives
The Frum aims t engage yung peple in a dialgue with Member States, plicymakers and ther actrs t vice their views and inspire actins n hw t transfrm the wrld int a better place guided by the Sustainable Develpment Gals (SDGs). Participants will als have the pprtunity t cntribute t the preparatry prcess f the SDG Summit.
The 2023 Frum will address the theme n speeding up the recvery frm the COVID-19 and the full implementatin (实施) f the 2030 Agenda fr Sustainable Develpment. It will als review prgress in the areas f affrdable and clean energy, and sustainable cities and cmmunities, ete.
· Frmat
The three-day event will feature plenary (全体出席的) sessins and reginally based discussins, with the last day designed fr the preparatin f the 2023 SDG Summit. Talented yuth speakers will deliver shrt presentatins in between sessins.
Participatin in the Frum is by invitatin nly. The yuth participants are selected by Natinal Yuth Cuncils, reginal yuth rganizatins, etc.
The event will be held in a mixed way allwing fr pprtunities fr in-persn and virtual participatin. Participants will als be able t ask questins via scial media.
· The vices frm last year’s participants
21. The ECOSOC Yuth Frum 2023 will________.
A. discuss the glbal recvery issueB. select the yuth leaders fr the UN
C. set gals fr sustainable develpmentD. gather yung peple t build a platfrm
22. Accrding t the passage, the yung participants can ________.
A. register t jin in the Frum persnallyB. give brief speeches in plenary sessins
C. take part in the event nline and fflineD. attend the SDG Summit after the Frum
23. What is the advice frm 2022 participants?
A. T be willing t cnsider varius vices.B. T make time arrangements a tp pririty.
C. T master public speaking skills in advance.D. T be efficient with the help f plicymakers.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A
【解析】本文是篇应用文。文章主要介绍了即将举办的2023年ECOSOC青年论坛的相关信息和内容。
21细节理解题。根据第三段“The 2023 Frum will address the theme n speeding up the recvery frm the COVID-19 and the full implementatin (实施) f the 2030 Agenda fr Sustainable Develpment.”（2023年论坛的主题是加快从2019冠状病毒中复苏和全面落实2030年可持续发展议程）可知，2023年ECOSOC青年论坛将会讨论全球从新冠病毒中复苏的问题。故选A。
22细节理解题。根据第六段“The event will be held in a mixed way allwing fr pprtunities fr in-persn and virtual participatin. Participants will als be able t ask questins via scial media.”（该活动将以一种混合的方式举行，允许面对面和虚拟参与的机会，参与者还可以通过社交媒体提问）可知，参加者可以在线上和线下参加这次活动。故选C。
23细节理解题。根据最后一段“I als strngly advise them t be pen t hearing everyne’s different pinins frm an bjective pint f view.”（我还强烈建议他们从客观的角度听取每个人的不同意见）可知，2022年的参加者还建议该活动愿意听取各种不同的声音，考虑各方面不同的意见。故选A。
B
(2023届北京市丰台区高三一模)
This was the first cmmunicatin that had cme frm her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime.
“I think yur aunt has frgiven me at last,” her father said as he passed the letter acrss the table.
Jessie lked first at the autgraph(签名). It seemed strange t see her wn name there. There was a likeness between her aunt’s autgraph and her wn, a hint f the same decisiveness and precisin. If Jessie had been educated fifty years earlier, she might have written her name in just that manner.
“Yu’re very like her in sme ways,” her father said, as she still stared at the autgraph.
“I shuld think yu must almst have frgtten what Aunt Jessie was like, dear,” she said. “Hw many years is it since yu last saw her?”
“Mre than frty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. Jessie always prided herself n being s mdern. She read Darwin and things like that. Altgether beynd me, I admit.”
“And s it seems that she wants t see me.” Jessie straightened her shulders and lifted her head. She was excited at the thught f meeting this mythical aunt whm she had s ften heard abut. Smetimes she had wndered if the persnality f this remarkable relative had nt been a figment(虚构) f her father’s imaginatin.
But this letter f hers that nw lay n the breakfast table was admirable in character. There was smething f intlerance expressed in its tne. It was just like what her father had tld her.
Mr. Deane came ut f his past memries with a sigh.
“Yes, yes; she wants t see yu, my dear,” he said. “I’ve heard she has set up a schl and helped many yungsters. I think yu had better accept this invitatin t stay with her. If she tk a fancy t yu, yu culd get a better educatin…”
He sighed again, and Jessie knew that fr the hundredth time he was regretting his wn past weakness...
25. Hw was the relatinship between Jessie’s father and her aunt?
A. It remained very clse ver the years.B. It was brken when they were yung.
C. It gt tenser due t a misunderstanding.D. It was uneasy fr their financial differences.
26. Frm the passage, we knw Jessie was .
A. eager t meet her aunt.B. cautius abut her aunt’s invitatin
C. angry with her aunt fr ignring her family.D. puzzled by her aunt’s sudden interest in her
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Jessie’s aunt prmised t ffer her better educatin.B. Jessie’s aunt’s persnality seemed t change a lt.
C. Jessie and her aunt were different in persnality.D. Jessie’s father felt srry fr what he had dne.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的姑姑与父亲因为分歧，多年未见面。父亲收到了姑姑的来信，父亲很悔恨，并打算将作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。
24推理判断题。根据文章第一段“This was the first cmmunicatin that had cme frm her aunt in Jessie’s lifetime. (这是Jessie生命中第一次与姑姑的联系。)”以及文章第六段““Mre than frty,” her father said. “We disagreed. We invariably disagreed. (父亲说道：“四十多年了。我们有分歧，我们总是有分歧”。)”可知，作者的父亲和姑姑已经四十多年没见面了，故他们的关系在年轻的时候就破裂了，故选B。
25细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段“She was excited at the thught f meeting this mythical aunt whm she had s ften heard abut. (一想到能见到这个她经常听说的神奇的姑姑，她就激动不已。)”可知，Jessie很渴望见到姑姑，故选A。
26细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He sighed again, and Jessie knew that fr the hundredth time he was regretting his wn past weakness... (父亲再次叹气，d Jessie知道，父亲已经为自己过去的软弱后悔了几百次了……)”可知，作者的父亲为之前的软弱感到悔恨，因此父亲是为之前的所做的事情感动后悔，故选D。
C
(2022届北京市顺义区高三一模)
It has always been hrrible fr me t picture my life in ld age. My recent visits t the senir care center, hwever, eased sme f my fears and prvided valuable fd fr thught.
Lking fr meaningful ways t spend my weekends after my exams, I signed up t a prgram f arts and crafts fr the elderly run by my schlmates. I was infrmed that the Renci Nursing Hme, where the prgram wuld be held, hused sme f the less frtunate elderly in Singapre. Sme backgrund research gave me the impressin that many f them suffered frm physical issues and had little family supprt. As a result, I expected the atmsphere there t be discuraging. And, judging by the lack f interest in the painting activities, I truly sensed a feeling f purpselessness there. Given that we live in a sciety in which the bnds between the generatins are weakening, perhaps the disappinting atmsphere in the hme wasn’t surprising. The peple were cut ff frm the ties that make life meaningful.
Is it safe t say then that ur lives after retirement will likely feel aimless? But after I spke t a Prtuguese-Chinese man, I thught that this wasn’t necessarily s. At the age f 90, he displayed a surprisingly strng sense f cntrl ver his life. His liveliness was exceptinal amng the elderly ppulatin in the hme. He had spent his life either traveling arund the wrld as a backpacker, r wrking hard in Singapre t save up fr his trips. He had made it a rule t learn freign languages, exercise and eat healthily — smething he cntinued t d during his stay in the nursing hme.
While he spke t me abut hw his time in Lndn had shaped his view f cultural difference. I lked int his eyes. I knew that this was the kind f cntrl ver life that I wanted fr myself. I dn't want t spend half f my time wandering abut in freign cuntries like he did, but I d want t appreciate the richness that life has t ffer.
27. Why did the authr g t the Renci Nursery Hme?
A. Because it was run by his schlmates.B. Because he meant t learn arts and crafts.
C. Because he wanted a significant weekend.D. Because it hused sme less frtunate elderly.
28. Befre the authr entered the nursing hme, he thught it was_______.
A. a place filled with depressinsB. a place slving physical prblems
C. a place full f impressive activitiesD. a place cnnecting different generatins
29. What mainly helped the authr change his attitude tward ld age?
A. The hard wrk f the elderly.B. The liveliness f an ld man.
C. The view f cultural difference.D. The care f the nursing hme.
30. What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Caring fr the Elderly.B. Living by His Own Law.
C. Traveling n Our WayD. Preparing fr the Old Age.
【答案】27. C 28. A 29. B 30. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想象自己晚年的生活会是一件可怕的事，然而，在去了老年护理中心以后，缓解了恐惧并对生活充满了感激。
27细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Lking fr meaningful ways t spend my weekends after my exams, I signed up t a prgram f arts and crafts fr the elderly run by my schlmates. （考试后，为了寻找有意义的方式来度过我的周末，我报名参加了一个由我的同学为老年人开办的艺术和手工艺项目）”可知，作者去 the Renci Nursery Hme是为了寻找有意义的方式来度过周末。故选C。
28细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“As a result, I expected the atmsphere there t be discuraging. （因此，我预计那里的气氛会是令人沮丧的）”可知，作者在进入养老院之前，认为那里的气氛是令人沮丧的。故选A。
29细节理解题。根据第三段“But after I spke t a Prtuguese-Chinese man, I thught that this wasn’tt necessarily s. At the age f 90, he displayed a surprisingly strng sense f cntrl ver his life. His liveliness was exceptinal amng the elderly ppulatin in the hme. （但当我和一个葡萄牙华裔男子交谈后，我觉得情况并非如此。在90岁的时候，他表现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感。他在这个家里的老年人中特别活泼）”可知，是一个活泼的90岁老年人让作者改变了他对老年的态度。故选B。
30主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者在养老院遇到一位90高龄，但仍然充满活力的老人，结合第三段“At the age f 90, he displayed a surprisingly strng sense f cntrl ver his life.（在90岁的时候，他表现出了一种令人惊讶的强烈的生活控制感）”和最后一段“I knew that this was the kind f cntrl ver life that I wanted fr myself.（我知道这就是我想要的那种对生活的控制）”可知，老人对生活的控制，即“做自己人生的主人”，这种生活态度让作者推崇备至，这也是作者想表达的主题，所以B项“按自己的法则生活”是最佳标题。故选B。
D
(2023届北京市石景山区一模)
Many f us may experience dinner-table debates. One cmmn scene plays ut as fllws. Yu want t cnvince a friend r a family member f smething yu knw they may disagree, and yu share infrmatin and walk thrugh yur reasning with them. Still, they reject yur case. Hw d yu react when yur pwers f persuasin fail? Yu might dismiss the persn wh desn’t agree with yur arguments as narrw-minded, flish r therwise ut f tuch with reality. The whle experience may feel like trying t guide smene n a jurney when they refuse t fllw. Psychlgists have created a term, persuasin fatigue, t describe this frm f frustratin (懊恼).
Persuasin fatigue may make it harder t successfully keep challenging cnversatins. Past research demnstrates that feeling frustrated can make yu mre resistant t changing yur mind. It als shws that frustratin may reduce yur ability t recgnize why yur arguments dn’t succeed. Persuasin fatigue als explains why, when debates break dwn, peple tend t blame their cnversatinal ppnent. As Mark Twain nce wrte, “In all matters f pinin, ur ppnents are insane (愚蠢的).” In past findings, peple generally reprted three times as many reasns why thers’ faults led t failed debates rather than their wn shrtcmings. It is true that thers are nt always pen t yur ideas. Ending the discussin can therefre be the right thing t d. But in an verheated debate, yur fatigue may lead yu t misinterpret the situatin and believe that yur ppnent is t stupid t see the truth. Frtunately, psychlgists suggest sme sund appraches t managing these situatins and prtecting yur relatinships.
T reach yur audience, it may be essential t express yur message in terms f their values, nt yurs. Psychlgists call this “mral reframing.” In fact, researches suggest that the simple act f acknwledging values f the peple yu’re talking t — telling them yu understand where they’re cming frm, even if yu dn’t agree—may lead them t lwer their defenses and pen up a little t new arguments.
Yur fatigue may be even wrse by thinking r assuming that debate is a zer-sum struggle — that yu win if, and nly if, yur ppnent lses. But smetimes yu’re better ff seeing an argument as a cperative effrt t find the truth — less like angry neighburs fighting ver their prperty line. The neighburs map land tgether by viewing it frm multiple angles. Similarly, debates can help yu triangulate a view between yur pinin and the ther persn’s.
The tendency t blame thers fr exhausting debates has real cnsequences. In ur exhaustin, we may fail t see when ur frustratins stem frm a deep desire fr cnnectin. Recgnizing persuasin fatigue—and hw we cntribute t it—may help us pass thrugh heated debates withut leaving thse we lve behind.
31. Peple may experience persuasin fatigue when they _________.
A. try in vain t cnvince thersB. misinterpret thers’ reasning
C. adpt thers’ views unwillinglyD. try t persuade narrw-minded peple
32. Which is the pssible cnsequence f persuasin fatigue?
A. One can’t stick t his pint f view.B. One admits his limits and weaknesses.
C. One can’t get t the rt f failed debates.D. One feels incmpetent fr further arguments.
33. Why des the authr qute Mark Twain in the passage?
A. T stress the effect f changing thers’ mind.B. T cnfirm the difficulty f winning an argument.
C. T explain the reasn fr ne’s ending an argument D. T supprt the idea f ne’s tendency t blame thers.
34. Which is the recmmended slutin t managing persuasin fatigue?
A. Seeing a debate as a zer-sum game.B. Making an effrt fr cmmn grund.
C. Shifting the tpic t lwer thers’ defenses.D. Reframing pints based n ne’s wn values.
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种现象——说服疲劳，分析了其产生的原因，并介绍了解决的方法。
31细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Yu want t cnvince a friend r a family member f smething yu knw they may disagree, and yu share infrmatin and walk thrugh yur reasning with them. Still, they reject yur case. Hw d yu react when yur pwers f persuasin fail? Yu might dismiss the persn wh desn’t agree with yur arguments as narrw-minded, flish r therwise ut f tuch with reality. The whle experience may feel like trying t guide smene n a jurney when they refuse t fllw. Psychlgists have created a term, persuasin fatigue, t describe this frm f frustratin(懊恼).(你想说服你的朋友或家人，你知道他们可能不同意，你分享信息，并与他们解释你的理由。尽管如此，他们还是拒绝了你的申请。当你的说服力失效时，你会作何反应？你可能会认为不同意你观点的人心胸狭窄、愚蠢或与现实脱节。整个经历可能就像在别人拒绝跟随的时候试图引导他们旅行。心理学家创造了一个术语，说服疲劳，来描述这种形式的懊恼。)”可知，说服疲劳指的是当你尽力说服对方，却发现一切努力都是徒劳的时候所产生的懊恼感。故选A。
32细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Past research demnstrates that feeling frustrated can make yu mre resistant t changing yur mind. It als shws that frustratin may reduce yur ability t recgnize why yur arguments dn’t succeed.(过去的研究表明，感到沮丧会让你更不愿意改变主意。它还表明，沮丧可能会降低你认识到为什么你的论点不成功的能力。)”可知，这种沮丧感会让你不愿意改变主意，也会让你无法认清自己的说服不成功的真实的原因。故选C。
33推理判断题。根据文中所引用的马克·吐温所说的话的前一句“Persuasin fatigue als explains why, when debates break dwn, peple tend t blame their cnversatinal ppnent.(说服疲劳也解释了为什么当辩论破裂时，人们倾向于指责他们的对话对手。)”以及马克·吐温所说的话“In all matters f pinin, ur ppnents are insane(愚蠢的).(在所有的观点问题上，我们的对手都是愚蠢的)”可知，作者引用马克·吐温所说的话是为了论证自己的观点，也就是当辩论不成功时，人们倾向于指责自己的谈话对方。故选D。
34推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But smetimes yu’re better ff seeing an argument as a cperative effrt t find the truth—less like angry neighburs fighting ver their prperty line. (但有时，你最好把争论看作是一种寻找真相的合作努力，而不是像愤怒的邻居为他们的财产线而争吵一样。)”可知，在处理说服疲劳时，我们可以把争论视作寻找共同点。故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
(2023届北京市石景山区一模)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe.____35____Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence.
New research suggests yung children dn’t seek help in schl, even when they need it, fr the same reasn. Until recently, psychlgists assumed that children did nt start t care abut their reputatin and their friends’ thughts abut them until arund age nine.
But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm.____36____
T learn mre abut hw children think abut reputatin, we created simple stries and then asked children questins abut these situatins t allw kids t shwcase their thinking.
Acrss several studies, we asked 576 children, ages fur t nine, t predict the behavir f tw kids in a stry. One f the characters genuinely wanted t be smart, and the ther merely wanted t seem smart t thers. In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test.____37____The fur-year-lds were equally likely t chse either f the tw kids as the ne wh wuld seek help. But by age seven r eight, children thught that the kid wh wanted t seem smart wuld be less likely t ask fr assistance. And children’s expectatins were truly “reputatinal” in nature-they were specifically thinking abut hw the characters wuld act in frnt f thers. When assistance culd be sught privately (n a cmputer rather than in persn), children thught bth characters were equally likely t ask fr it.
____38____Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. ____39____Parents culd pint ut hw a child’s questin kicked ff a valuable cnversatin in which the entire family gt t talk and learn tgether. Adults culd praise kids fr seeking assistance. These respnses send a strng signal that ther peple value a willingness t ask fr aid and that seeking help is part f a path t success.
A. Kids culd be afraid t ask their parents fr help.
B. Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable.
C. In anther study we tld them that nly ne kid did prly.
D. Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins.
E. The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst.
F. But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G. We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help.
【答案】35. E 36. F 37. G 38. D 39. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。
35上文“Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。
36上文“But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。
37上文“In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。
38下文“Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。
39上文“They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Thrughut ur lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Sme f these experiences have made mre f an impact than thers. This can be due t different intelligences r learning styles. A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
The thery f multiple intelligences was prpsed in 1983 by Dr. Gardner in his bk Frames f Mind: The Thery f Multiple Intelligences, and it suggests that traditinal ideas abut intelligence, measured by standardized IQ tests, are very limited. Accrding t him, eight different intelligences are prpsed t describe the range f different abilities in children and adults. They are: linguistic intelligence, lgical-mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bdily-kinesthetic intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersnal intelligence, intrapersnal intelligence, and naturalistic intelligence.
Sme schls fcus attentin n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences. Hwever, Dr. Gardner says that we shuld place equal attentin n peple wh pssess the ther intelligences: designers, athletes, musicians, salesmen, psychlgists, and bilgists.
Educatin can be much mre interesting and help mre students t learn mre effectively if teachers are encuraged t present lessns in a wide variety f ways using music, grup wrk, art activities, rle-play, multimedia, field trips, amng thers. The gd news is that hundreds f schls are currently using the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children. By ding s, students will perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds. Understanding a student’s learning style can help later in life and lead them int a mre fulfilling career directin.
The thery f multiple intelligences als gives adults a whle new way t lk at their lives, examining ptentials that they left behind in their childhd, such as a lve fr art r drama. They may nw have the pprtunity t develp these thrugh hbbies r ther prgrams f self-develpment.
40. Accrding t the passage, what is a persn’s learning style?
__________________________________________________________________________
41. What des Dr. Gardner use the eight intelligences t describe?
__________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.
__________________________________________________________________________
43. Which intelligence d yu want t develp mst? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
41. T describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.
42. T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.
T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld use the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children.
43. I want t develp my spatial intelligence mst. Because I think a sense f space is very imprtant t a persn. In additin, I am interested in architecture and wuld like t be a building designer when I graduate frm university.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了学习风格的概念以及八种不同的智力和学校所采取的教育模式。
40考查细节理解。根据第一段“A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.(一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法)”可知，一个人的学习风格或“智力”是他们最容易获得信息的方法。故答案为A persn’s learning style r “intelligence” is the methd thrugh which they gain infrmatin mst easily.
41考查细节理解。根据第二段“Accrding t him, eight different intelligences are prpsed t describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.(他提出了八种不同的智力来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围)”可知，加德纳博士用八种智能来描述儿童和成人不同能力的范围。故答案为T describe the range f different abilities in children and adults.
42考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The gd news is that hundreds f schls are currently using the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children. By ding s, students will perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds.(好消息是，目前有数百所学校正在使用多元智能理论来设计他们教育孩子的方式。通过这样做，学生们会表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要的信息)”可知，为了帮助学生表现得更好，并在脑海中储存更多重要信息，学校应该使用多元智能理论来设计教育孩子的方式。错误部分为“schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences”。故答案为T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld fcus n linguistic and lgical-mathematical intelligences.T help students perfrm better and stre mre imprtant infrmatin in their minds, schls shuld use the thery f multiple intelligences t design the way they educate children.
43开放性题目。题干：你最想培养哪种智力？为什么？可回答：我最想发展我的空间智能。因为我认为空间感对一个人来说很重要。另外，我对建筑很感兴趣，大学毕业后想成为一名建筑设计师。故答案为I want t develp my spatial intelligence mst. Because I think a sense f space is very imprtant t a persn. In additin, I am interested in architecture and wuld like t be a building designer when I graduate frm university.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你正在组建与英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你校交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2. 说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习 research-based learning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hw is it ging? We plan t frm a research-based learning grup. I wnder whether yu wuld like t jin us.
Our tpic is “A Study n the Differences between British English and American English”. We mainly fcus n their differences in terms f spelling, prnunciatin and vcabulary. The aim is t make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects f the differences s that we can gain a better understanding f the English language.
I knw yu are a native speaker f British English and yu lived in America fr several years, s hpefully yu can give us sme guidance during the research prcess. Please infrm me f yur decisin by this Friday.
Yur invlvement will add much jy t ur grup. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
(2)
Dear Jim,
As yu knw, we are required t d research-based learning this term. I am writing t invite yu t jin my team.
Here is the detailed infrmatin. We intend t cmpare Chinese literature and English literature in the same histrical perid, fr example, Shakespeare and Tang Xianzu f the Ming Dynasty. Since there was little chance fr pure literary exchange between natins in histry, what we are ding can help great writers frm China and Britain talk spiritually t sme extent.
I want yu in because I knw yu have a great passin fr British literature. Yur prfessinal knwledge will surely help us in efficiency and accuracy. Als, just imagine the sense f awe yu may get frm the similarities and differences we will find. If yu are interested, let me knw befre next Friday.
Lking frward t yur reply!
Yurs,
Li Hua
(3)
Dear Jim,
I’m establishing a research-based learning team n English study. I wnder if yu wuld like t be a member f it.
I plan t study hw t imprve ur English ability by watching English mvies. Ten classic English mvies like Frrest Gump will be cvered. We will analyse the authentic expressins and native prnunciatins, and discuss hw t apply them t English study. As watching English mvies ffers an easy access t English a learning, this prject will give students a clue abut enjyable and practical learning methds.
Knwing yu have cnducted relevant research, I think my prject may feed yur interest frm a different angle. Mrever, I’m sure yur participatin will increase the efficiency f cmpleting tasks. If yu’d like t cme, please let me knw befre next Friday.
I sincerely hpe that we can wrk tgether n this prject.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封电子邮件，邀请交换生Jim参加英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，并且向他介绍研究的具体内容和意义并说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
【详解】1. 词汇积累（以第一篇范文例）
打算做：plan t→intend t
专注于：fcus n→be centered n
在……方面：in terms f→in the field f
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I knw yu are a native speaker f British English and yu lived in America fr several years.
复合句：I knw yu are a native speaker f British English wh lived in America fr several years.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I wnder whether yu wuld like t jin us.（whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The aim is t make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects f the differences s that we can gain a better understanding f the English language.（不定式作表语以及s that引导的目的状语从句）
2022 Frum Participants Takeaway!
“The Yuth Frum gave me the pprtunity t discver the skills required t master public speaking. The time management is challenging but we finished all tasks even with a tight schedule.”
2022 Frum Participants’ Advice!
“Using surces the team prvides will increase the efficiency and effectiveness f cmpleting tasks. I als strngly advise them t be pen t hearing everyne’s different pinins frm an bjective pint f view.”
相关试卷
天津卷02-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷： 这是一份天津卷02-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷，文件包含天津卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷原卷版docx、天津卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷解析版docx、天津卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷答题卡docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。
北京卷05-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷： 这是一份北京卷05-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷，文件包含北京卷05-高考英语一轮复习测试卷原卷版docx、北京卷05-高考英语一轮复习测试卷解析版docx、北京卷05-高考英语一轮复习测试卷答题卡docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
天津卷02-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷： 这是一份天津卷02-备战2024年新高考英语一轮复习测试卷，文件包含天津卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷原卷版docx、天津卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷解析版docx、天津卷02-高考英语一轮复习测试卷答题卡docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。
