2024中考英语一轮专项复习代词数词考点精讲

这是一份2024中考英语一轮专项复习代词数词考点精讲，共5页。试卷主要包含了代词概述，人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 2024中考英语一轮专项复习代词数词考点精讲 一、代词概述代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词。代词的分类：人称代词：表示“我”、“我们”、“你”“你们”、“他、她、它”、“他们”的词叫人称代词； 物主代词：表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；反身代词：表示动作反射到执行者本身或用来加强语气的代词；指示代词：表示能替代名词或替代形容词的词；不定代词：表示不指明替代任何特定名词的代词。疑问代词：表示替代人或物且含有疑问语气的代词。二、人称代词人     格称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyouhe, she, itthey宾格meusyouyouhim, her,itthem人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。1 、主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作宾语。She gave these books to you and me;You must look after them;2 、 当并列代词作主语时，I  放在最后。顺序为你，他，我You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.三、物主代词物主代词包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种，有人称和数不清变化形式。 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性myouryouryourhis, her, itstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshis, hers,itstheirs形容词性物主代词只能作定语修饰名词，如：my watch;    your books ;    their names;名词性物主代词在句中可单独作用，可作主语、宾语和表语，后面不跟名词，英语中说：“我的一位 朋友”，要用“a friend of mine”。有些结构中常用the  替代物主代词He had a cold in the head.  (the 意思是 his )My mother took me by the arm.    (the 意思是 her)四、反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimself; herself; itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词在句中可以加强语气，用作宾语和同位语。He himself has finished it .  (作同位语)He has taught himself Russian for 5 years .  (作宾语)I did it myself.    (加强语气)某些固定结构：by oneself;    for oneself;    among themselvesThey made the machine all by themselves.He cooked a meal for himself.五、指示代词指示代词有：this; that; these; thosethis, these  表示“这”、“这些”，是“近指”。that, those 表示“那”、“那些”，是“远指”。注意：在电话用语里面，用 this 代替自己，that 代替对方。如：who’s that?         This is Tom speaking六、不定代词英语中有以下不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many, much, other, another, some, any, no 还有由 some, any , no every 构成的代词。1) both, allboth  是指“两者都”，而 all 则是指“三者或三者以上都”，如：Both of us are right.All of you are good at playing basketball.但 all  还可以组成固定短语 all day,    all this,    all the time 等2) either, neithereither  是指“两者之中任何一个 … …“属于部分否定，而 neither 则是“两者之中一个也不 … …“属 全部否定Either of the books will do.Neither of the answers is right.而 either 还可出现在否定句子里，可与 neither 进行句型转换。如：Tom hasn’t been to America, Jim hasn’t, either= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.而 neither (nor)  也可用于表示“也不……”，构成“neither (nor) +助动词+主语”的句式。 Kate isn’t a worker, neither is Meimei.3) little, a little, few, a fewlittle, a little 修饰不可数名词；  few , a few 修饰可数名词；little, few 表示否定，“几乎没有”a little, a few 表示肯定，相当于 some, any.There is a little milk in the glass.There are few students in the classroom, they’re in the reading-room.4) every, eachevery, each 都是强调每一个，every  作定语修饰名词。如：The bus comes every five minutes.Each of them may come at a different time.5) some , any6)  由 some, any, no, every 组成的不定代词something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothing, none, nobody, nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.七、疑问代词疑问代词用来构成疑问句，一共有五个：who, whom, whose, what, which.数词一、基数词基数词表示数量 onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetytwenty-onethirty-eightfifty-threea hundreda thousanda milliona billion注意：表示具体数目的hundred, thousand, million 等均不用复数，百位数和十位数之间通常加连词 and； 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符。二、序数词firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenthtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethhundredthtwenty-firstninety-ninea hundred and fifty-third序数词的缩写形式： 由阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。first--- 1st              second --- 2nd        tenth --- 10th三、时间和年月日表示法1 、时间均用基数词表示：1) 顺读法，先说“点钟”，再说“分钟”，如： 2:15  two fifteen            6:20  six twenty2) 逆读法30 分钟以内：“分钟数+ past +钟点数”，如：3:20 --- twenty past three          2:10 --- ten past two半小时用 half，15 分钟用 a quarter :2:15 --- a quarter past two        3:30 --- half past three30 分钟以外要用：“分钟数+to +  下一个钟点”，如： 4:35 --- twenty-five to five        2:55 --- five to three2) 年月日表示法年份读法；月 日读法；年月日一起读法。四、分数的表示法当分数中表示分子的数只含个位数时一般采用“分子 (用基数词) +分母 (用序数词)”表示。(分子 大于 1 时，分母序数词用复数) 如：one-third;    two-thirds;    three twenty-seconds五、数词与名词的搭配1) 数词与名词连用时，它们的次序是“名词+基数词”     Lesson 15;      Room 1506  或者用“the +  序数词 +  名词” The Fifteenth Lesson     the third floor2) 数词与小时的搭配two hours and a half     three hours    half an hour