人教版英语---中考一轮复习语法必考点精讲精练---数词(含习题、答案)
展开中考一轮复习语法考点---数词
精讲
一.基数词与序数词的构成
1.基数词
0~12形各异,
13~19个位加上teen,注意 thirteen,fifteen 还有 eighteen
整十加上ty,但要警惕twenty、thirty、forty、fifty 和eighty
表示几十几,十位后面添个位
百为 hundred,千为thousand,百万为million,十亿则为billion
表示几百几十几,百位数+hundred+and+十位数-个位数
- 序数词
基变序,1, 2, 3特殊记,8去t,9减e,ve要用f替,再把th添上去
ty整十,先把y变成ie,然后加上th
若是遇到非整数,前用基数后用序
拓展:
1)常考的基数词转化成副词的形式:
one→once一次; two→twice两次;两倍
如:Please think twice before you hand in your paper. 交卷前请三思。
2)序数词的缩写形式:阿拉伯数字+最后两个字母,
如:first→1st
二.基数词与序数词的用法
1.表示时刻
1)几点整:小时+(o'clock)
2)差几分到几点:分钟数>30时,用“60-分钟”+to+“小时+1”
3)几点过几分:分钟数≤30时,用“分钟+past+小时”
4)半小时:half
5)一刻钟(15分钟):quarter
拓展:
1)o'clock、a.m. 和p.m. 都可用来表示整点的时刻,
o'clock前用数字和单词均可,不可用于表示“时:分”;
a.m.和p.m.前是整点数字时,一般不加“:00”,也不与morming 和 aftemoon 等连用
2)时间的读法常常按照基数词的顺序分别读出时与分,
如:6:15读作 six fifteen 6:05读作 six o five
2. 表示计量
1)长、宽、高、面积:
基数词+单位词+形容词(long/wide/high等)
基数词+单位词+in+名词(length/width/height/weight等)
2)温度:
非零下温度:基数词+degree(s)(+单位词)
零下温度:
①基数词+degree(s)+below zero(+单位词);
②minus +基数词+degree(s)(+单位词)
拓展:
用来表示事物数量的词称为单位词,常用的有metre(米)、foot(英尺)、inch(英寸)、centigrade(摄氏)、Fahrenheit(华氏)等。
3. 表示分数,百分数、小数、倍数
1)分数:
分子用基数词,分母用序数词;
分子>1,分母变复数形式;
分子与分母间常加连字符,但也可不加
带分数用“整数+and+分数”表示
2)百分数:基数词+percent(%)
3)小数:基数词+point(.)+基数词
4)倍数:
倍数为1,用once;
倍数为2,用twice/double;
倍数≥3,用基数词+times
拓展:
分数的表达:
分子基数词,分母序数词;
分子大于1,分母加s;
带分数莫着急,前加整数and连;
分母若是2和4,half、quarter 可代替
4.表示年龄
1)表示“具体年龄”:
基数词(+year<s>+old)
at the age of+基数词
基数词-year-old+可数名词单数
2)表示“大概年龄”:
in+one's+整十基数词的复数形式
3)表示“第几岁生日”:
the/物主代词+序数词+birthday
拓展:“基数词+year<s>+old”、“基数词-year-old”与“基数词-year-olds”的辨析:
1)“基数词+year<s> +old”做表语
如:Lydia is 14 years old.莉迪亚14岁了。
2)“基数词-year-old”为复合形容词,只能做前置定语,修饰名词。
如:The winner of the singing competition was a 19-year-old girl called Zhang Mei from China.歌唱比赛的冠军是来自中国的19岁女孩张梅。
3)“基数词-year-olds”为复合名词。
如:seven-to-nine-year-olds7到9岁的孩子
5.表示年月日、世纪、年代
1)年月日:
“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词
(美:月/日/年; 英:日/月/年)
2)世纪:
the+序数词+century
3)年代:
the+整十年份+s/'s
6.表示编号
1)可数名词单数(首字母大写)+基数词(若为英语单词,首字母须大写):
如:第80页:Page Eighty 308号房间:Room 308
2)No. +基数词:
如: 20路公交车:Bus No.20
3)基数词:
生活服务常用电话号码:
110匪警台;114查号台;119火警台;120医疗急救台;122道路事故报警电话
4)基数词+专有名词:
如:中山路105号:105 Zhongshan Road
5)the+序数词+可数名词单数/专有名词:
第一课:the first lesson
第二次世界大战:the Second World War
三.数目的表达方式
1.表示确切的数:
基数词+(hundred/thousand/. . . )+可数名词
2.表示概数:
hundreds/thousands/. . . +of+可数名词复数
拓展:
当有具体的数字出现时,即表示确切的数时,hundred、thousand等数词不加s,且不与of连用;
当没有具体的数字时,即表示概数时,hundred、thousand等数词须加s,且要与of连用
精练
一.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. He lives on the_______(八)floor,two floors above me.
2. Yang Jiang published a book of her three-member-family's life We Three in her_______ (ninety) .
3. Children usually attend a primary school at the age of_______(six) in China.
4. During the_________(twenty) century, English became a world language.
5. The young couple like kids very much and plan to have a _______(two) baby.
二.单项选择
1. -Would you like another cup of coffee, Linda?
--Thank you anyway. I've already had one cup,and I'm drinking_______cup.
- one B.the first C.the second D.the third
- He has failed_______times, but he won't give up a_______chance.
A.third;four B.three;fourth C.third;fourth
3. I live in Room 403, Sam lives in the room right above mine,on the_______floor.
A.third B.three C.fifth D.five
4. There are_______ students in my art club, twenty-two girls and eighteen boys.
A.fourteen B.fortieth C.forty
5. There are_______days in March and the_____day is Women's Day.
A.thirty-one;eighth B.thirty-first;eighth C.thirty-one;eight
6. -Who won the first prize of the _______World Table Tennis Championship?
-You mean the match held in______? Ma Long did.
- fifty-four, German B.fifty-fourth; Germany
C.fifty-fourth; German D.fifty-four, Germany
7. -How often do you exercise?
-______a week.
- Two B. Twice C. Second
8. --Let's go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning.
-It's too late. Let's make it_______.
A.a quarter to nine B.twenty to ten C.a quarter to ten
9. --How long is the bridge?
--It’s_______.
- 300-metre-long B. 300-metres long C. 300 metres long D. 300 metre long
10. If a=3 and b=4,what's the answer to the problem:a+b+1=? The answer is______.
A.twelve B.nine C.eight D.seven
11. Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the _______English Training.
A.two-month B.two-months C. two months D.two month
12. About_______of the land______covered with trees and grass.
A. three fifths;is B.three fifths;are C.three fifth;are
13. -Jack, _____of the oranges ________gone bad.
-We'd better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
- one fifth;have B.one fifth;has C.one fifths;have D.first five;has
- It's never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his_______.
A. the fiftieth B.fiftieth C.fifty D.fifties
15. Xi Jinping,our______president, paid a visit to Harbin. How encouraging!
A. 63 years old B. 63 years'old C. 63-year-old
16. No way! I don't think_____should be allowed to drive. I am worried about your safety.
A.fifteen years old B.fifteen-year-olds C.fifteen-years-old
17. They are the students of _______.
A.grade 7 B. Grade 7 C. 7th grade D. Grade 7th
18. -Jack,I want to go to ______to see a dentist. Could you tell me the address?
-No problem.
A. Room 606 B. No. 2 Hospital C. Fifth Avenue
19. About______ of the workers in the factory were born in the_____.
A.two-thirds; 1970 B.two-thirds; 1970s
C.two-third; 1970 D.two-third; 1970s
20. Unluckily ________people were killed in the earthquake.
A. two thousands B.thousand of C.two thousands of D.thousands of
参考答案:
一.1.eighth 2.nineties 3.six 4.twentieth 5.second
二.1-5CBCCA 6-10BBACC 11-15AAADC 16-20BBBBD
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