所属成套资源:2024中考英语一轮专项复习重点语法考点精讲
2024中考英语一轮专项句子类型考点精讲 练习
展开2024中考英语一轮专项句子类型考点精讲 教学重点句子的类型:陈述句陈述句 (包括肯定的或否定的) 用来叙述一项事实。陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。1 、陈述句的肯定结构(1) 主语与谓语的一致,句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。如: I was having dinner when he came in.He is now working at a bank.①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致,修饰词不影响主语的数:The quality of this kind of bike is poor.There be 结构和其他倒装句中,谓语通常放在主语的前面,这时谓语是单数还是复数,要依后面的 主语而定,如:There is no milk in the bottle.There are no students in the classroom.②“one of ……”结构作主语,谓语应该用单数。如:One of the students is absent.Making things is a good activity.What hurt her most is his words.③由 and 连接两个或两个以上的名词, 由“both …and … ”连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语动词通常 用复数形式,如:Susan and Sally like pop music.The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时,主语不受这些词或词组的影响 with … . like … as well as … together with …He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.⑤由连词“either …or … ”,“neither …nor … ”,“not only …but also … ”,also, nor, or 连接两个名词或代 词,谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.Either you or I’m wrong.注意:表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。用于数学 运算的数字作主语,谓语通常也用单数形式。如:Ten pounds is enough. Two hours is a long time.2 、陈述句的否定形式(1) 带有系动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句,只要把 not, never 加在这些动词后面,就能把肯定 句变为否定,no 通常否定名词或动名词I’m not a doctor. I haven’t got a camera.I have never met him before.(2)若谓语是行为动词,前面又没有助动词和情态动词,只要在谓语动词之前加助动词 do( does, did ) not 就行。I didn’t go to the concert yesterday.He doesn’t speak English(3) no 修饰复数名词作主语,谓语动词要用复数。如果 no 修饰单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单 数。如:No men are admitted No man is admitted.(4) 表示部分否定的词有:not all, not everything, not everybody, not everywhere, not both, not always. Not everybody enjoys fishing.Not everything goes well. 教学重点句子的类型:疑问句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,疑问句末尾用问号“? ”。疑问句一般分为:一般疑问句;特殊疑问 句;选择疑问句和反意疑问句。1 、一般疑问句( 1) 含有系动词、助动词、情态动词的陈述句改为疑问句:要把这些动词提到主语的前面,句末用问 号。Are you a policeman? Must I go now?(2) 如果谓语是行为动词,它前面又没有任何助动词、情态动词,这时就要用助动词 do ( does, did )来 构成疑问句。Does he often write to you ?Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday?2 、特殊疑问句( 1) 特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成,其中一般疑问句又采取倒装或部分倒装的形式。(2) 特殊疑问句的疑问词通常分为疑问代词和疑问副词两种。3 、选择疑问句它的结构是“一般疑问句 + or + 一般疑问句“ , 回答这类问题时要选择其中一种具体进行回答。 Is her brother a doctor or a teacher?Her brother a doctor.4 、反意疑问句反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略形式的疑问句构成, 中间用逗号隔开。通常有两种形式: 1 陈述句谓语用肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语用否定形式;He is stupid, isn’t he?2 陈述句谓语用否定形式 + 疑问句谓语用肯定形式;He doesn’t like sports, does he?(5) 如果陈述部分是主从复合句,那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主语的谓语所用形式一样。You never told us you are the headmaster, did you?注意:① used to 用在句中时,也可用usen’t 或usedn’t 来引起反意疑问句。He used to swim in winter, didn’t he? =He used to swim in winter, usen’t he?② 当陈述句中的主语为 everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one 时,疑问部分通常要用 they 来代替。Everybody admires him, don’t they?③ 如果陈述句部分已经用了表示否定意义的词,如 never, nothing, hardly,那么疑问部分应该使用肯定 形式。He never speaks loudly, does he?④ 当陈述句部分的主语为 everything, nothing, anything, something 时,疑问部分的主语要用 it. Something is wrong with the machine, isn’t it?Everything is in good order, isn’t it?⑤ 祈使句的反意疑问句部分要用 shall, will。Let’s 表示第一人称的祈使句,所以反意疑问句为“shall we?” , let me 和 let us 表示第二人称的祈使句, 反意疑问句为“will you? ”,其他行为动词引起的祈使句,反意疑问句都为“will you? ”。祈使句的反意疑 问句通常只有肯定形式。Let’s go for a walk, shall we?Let’s stop for a rest, will you?⑥ 感叹句的反意疑问句要用“be ”的现在时,对人的感叹,用“he ”“you”等,对事物的感叹,用 “it”,而且疑问部分必须用否定式。What a clever boy, isn’t he?What a wonderful lecture, isn’t it?教学重点句子的类型:祈使句 感叹句祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等,谓语动词一律用原形。句中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者 句号。1 、肯定的祈使句( 1) 句型:动词原形…… (省略主语) 。如:Look at these holes! Please keep the classroom quiet.(2) 有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加 do。 Do be quiet. Do study hard.(3) 祈使句中如果有呼语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开。放在句首或句尾。Come here, Li Ming.2 、否定的祈使句( 1) 句型:Don’g + 动词原形…… Don’t make the same mistake.Don’t look out of the windows.(2) 祈使句与陈述句的改写祈使句=You must ……Be quiet. = you must be quiet.Don’t make any noise = You mustn’t make any noise.Please + 祈使句 = Will you please ……?Please read after me = Will you please read after me?3 、祈使句 Let…句型Let 作为动词常常用于祈使句,但表达意义不相同Let 表示“建议”后面跟第一人称代词作宾语。Let’s go to school together! Let me try again.Let 表示“间接命令或愿望”,后面接第三人称代词作宾语。Let him work out the problem by himself.Let Li Ping be monitor.感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪,带有强烈的感情色彩。感叹句主要有两种: What + 名词词组;What a beautiful day it is !How + 形容词或副词 How well they have learned English!How well he swims!注意:What 修饰单数可数名词时,如果这一名词有形容词修饰,也可以用how 来引导感叹句,但是不定 冠词 a, an 要放在形容词的后面。What a beautiful park!How beautiful a park it is !