新高考英语二轮复习题型专练20 说明文体类七选五(含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练20 说明文体类七选五(含解析)，共15页。
高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）20
说明文体类七选五
【命题意图】 阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》＂用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。＂的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。
从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述＂主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。＂可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。
【考试方向】
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，积章而成篇。＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
【得分要点】
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选择。
【真题再现】【2020·新高考全国卷I（山东）】
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 18
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
16.本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
17.下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
18.本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
19.本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
20.下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。
【题型演练】
1
Why do people take “selfies(自拍)”
Researchers at Syracuse University in New York tried to answer that question. 1. People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to admiring themselves too much, the Syracuse researchers said. 2. As social media can be shallow, it is a good place for people to “work towards satisfying their own overmuch pride.”
3. People who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group, the Syracuse University research found.
Other findings from the study include: There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software. 4.
The Newhouse School’s Associate Professor Makana Chock worked on the study. She said, posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years. On trips, our parents and grandparents used cameras to take photos. Before social media, people would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them. If you are a nice person, you commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked, especially children and the person showing the photos. 5.
On social media, it is a different experience. People can decide not to look at photos of their friends and family even if they click “like” or even “love” under the Facebook selfie.
A. That was the old way of “clicking” like.
B. They came up with some surprising answers.
C. Different people have different opinions about it.
D. Such people think very highly of themselves, especially how they look.
E.Both cameras and phones are useful tools to record people’s experiences.
F.There are other reasons, besides admiring themselves, why people post selfies.
G.But men desire to be seen as popular more than women when posting selfies.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. F 4. G 5. A
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了一些研究，关于人们为什么会迷恋自拍并且把它们放到社交网站上。
1. 上文“Researchers at Syracuse University in New York tried to answer that question.（纽约锡拉丘兹大学的研究人员试图回答这个问题。）”说明下文将会是研究人员的解释，下文“People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behavior connected to admiring themselves too much, the Syracuse researchers said.（锡拉丘兹大学的研究人员表示，那些上传自拍照并使用编辑软件美化自己的人，表现出的行为与过于自我欣赏有关。）”是研究人员给出的结果，B项“They came up with some surprising answers.（他们给出了一些令人吃惊的答案）”承上启下，故选B。
2. 上文说到，那些上传自拍照并使用编辑软件美化自己的人，表现出的行为与过于自我欣赏有关，D项“Such people think very highly of themselves, especially how they look.（这些人对他们自己——尤其是外表——评价很高。）”与上文意思相衔接，故选D项。
3. 下文“People who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group, the Syracuse University research found.（锡拉丘兹大学的研究发现，人们发布集体自拍表明他们需要受欢迎和属于一个群体。）”说明了人们在社交网站晒自拍的另一个原因，F项“There are other reasons, besides admiring themselves, why people post selfies.（除了自我欣赏，人们晒自拍还有其他原因。）”放在本段开头，承接下文，起到过渡作用，故选F项。
4. 上文“Other findings from the study include: There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software.（该研究的其他发现包括:男性和女性发布自拍的频率以及他们使用编辑软件的频率没有太大差别。）”说明男性和女性在对待自拍上的相同之处，G项“But men desire to be seen as popular more than women when posting selfies.（但在发布自拍时，男性希望比女性更受欢迎。）”讲了不同点，与上文相衔接，故选G项。
5. 上文“Before social media, people would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them. If you are a nice person, you commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked, especially children and the person showing the photos.（在社交媒体出现之前，人们会带回照片给朋友和家人看。你别无选择，只能看着它们。如果你是个好人，你会说照片里的每个人看起来都很好，尤其是孩子和展示照片的人。）”讲述了以前人们在他人展示照片时表达认可和夸赞的方式，A项“That was the old way of “clicking” like.（这是老式的点赞方式）”是对前文的总结，故选A项。
2
A “gap year” is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university, or before a postgraduate course. 6. That helps young people with useful learning experiences, new skills and makes them more independent. Employers and universities want to see evidence of enterprise, maturity and commitment.
Many choose to do voluntary work. This could include teaching in the mountains in Nepal, a conservation project in Madagascar. 7. The top five travel destinations were Tibet, Indonesia, Taiwan, Eastern Europe and Canada.
8. Some young people look for work if they need to earn money for accommodation and food. Popular jobs include bar work, fruit picking and being a tour guide.
Julie Taylor graduated from Hull University and now works as a manager in an international company. She says: “During my gap year, I spent four months in Kenya teaching English, art and physical education to children aged 8-18. 9. I am very happy that I didn’t head off to university straight after school because I learned a lot about myself. I worked beforehand to pay for the trip, showing I had good self-motivation and organizational skills, and I was able to get by on very little money. Employers see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m shows strength and determination. 10. ”
A. How do the students like it?
B. It is often spent in traveling or working.
C. Not everyone can put that on their resumes (简历)!
D. I am very proud that I worked and travelled a lot there.
E.Lots of gap year students just want to see more of the world.
F.Then I travelled the country and even climbed Mount Kenya.
G.Most students for a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the trip.
【答案】6. B 7. E 8. G 9. F 10. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了间隔年和学生在间隔年的活动。
6. 根据前句“A “gap year” is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university, or before a postgraduate course.(“间隔年”是指学生在上大学或研究生课程之前的一段时间。)”可知，这里介绍“间隔年”的定义和用途。所以选择项B“It is often spent in traveling or working.(通常用于旅游或工作。) ”符合上下文语境。选择项中“It”代指前句中的“gap year”。故选B。
7. 根据后句“The top five travel destinations were Tibet, Indonesia, Taiwan, Eastern Europe and Canada. (排名前五的旅游目的地分别是西藏、印度尼西亚、台湾、东欧和加拿大。)”可知，很多学生利用间隔年来旅游，多看看世界。所以选择项E“Lots of gap year students just want to see more of the world. (很多间隔年的学生只是想多看看世界。) ”符合上下文语境。故选E。
8. 根据前句“Some young people look for work if they need to earn money for accommodation and food. (一些年轻人如果需要挣钱住宿和买食物，就去找工作。)”可知，这里介绍为“间隔年”旅行需要做的准备。所以选择项G“Most students for a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the trip. (大多数学生在间隔年做兼职工作，为旅行攒钱。) ”符合上下文语境。选择项中“job”和前句中的“work”相一致。故选G。
9. 根据前句“She says: “During my gap year, I spent four months in Kenya teaching English, art and physical education to children aged 8-18. (她说：“在我的间隔年，我花了4个月在肯尼亚教8-18岁的孩子英语、艺术和体育。)”可知，这里介绍Julie Taylor在间隔年的经历。所以选择项F“Then I travelled the country and even climbed Mount Kenya. (然后我游历了这个国家，甚至还爬上了肯尼亚山。) ”符合上下文语境。选择项中“Kenya”和前句中的“Kenya”相一致。故选F。
10. 根据前文“I worked beforehand to pay for the trip, showing I had good self-motivation and organizational skills, and I was able to get by on very little money. Employers see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m shows strength and determination. (我提前工作来支付这次旅行的费用，这表明我有良好的自我激励和组织能力，而且我能够靠很少的钱生活。雇主们认为爬到4985米的高度显示了力量和决心。)”可知，这里介绍Julie Taylor在间隔年所体现的良好优点。所以选择项C“Not everyone can put that on their resumes (简历)!(不是每个人都能把这些写进简历的!)”符合上下文语境。选择项中“that”代指前句中Julie Taylor的良好优点。故选C。
3
My dad passed away yesterday and I am processing everything. It's hard to try and find positivity in my pain, but my Dad taught me so much when he was healthy, and when he wasn't, I wanted to share some of the lessons.
Be on the phone less. This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no checking my phone because it really didn't matter.11. This was a moment I needed to remember and I would have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey.
12. Sometimes we need people to lean on My mom and dad needed a lot of help. I needed a lot of help. We were surrounded by people willing to help us and instead of shutting them out like we've done in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed.
Not everyone will understand your experience.13. Just knowing people are here for us means a lot, but I also know that no one will fully understand my experience and that's okay as we are all different.
Family is not necessarily the people who brought you into this world. I am adopted and I know we chose each other.14. I also loved my father very much.
There's nothing more important than being with the ones you love. I was able to hold my Dad when he took his last breath. My mom and I made sure that my dad knew he was loved through this journey.15. Everything else is secondary.
A. All that mattered was him.
B. Love is what truly matters.
C. Surround yourself with a support system.
D. And he loved me more than anyone on this Earth.
E.It's okay not to remember the reason for everything
F.Really, we can handle more than we ever thought possible.
G.This was a long and hard journey for my mom and I and all of those who care about us.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. G 14. D 15. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了和家人在爸爸最后的时刻里一直陪伴爸爸，并用自己的亲身经历给我们分享了一些经验。
11. 根据上一句This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no checking my phone because it really didn't matter. 这条似乎很奇怪，但在他最后的时刻，我全神贯注，没有查看手机，因为这真的不重要。以及下一句This was a moment I needed to remember and I would have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey. 这是我需要记住的时刻，如果我在他的这段旅程中分心了，我会后悔的。可知，此处内容与此时重要的是作者的爸爸有关，选项A“重要的是他。”符合题意。故选A。
12. 根据下文Sometimes we need people to lean on My mom and dad needed a lot of help. I needed a lot of help. We were surrounded by people willing to help us and instead of shutting them out like we've done in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed. 有时我们需要人们让我妈妈依靠，我的爸爸需要很多帮助。我需要很多帮助。我们周围都是愿意帮助我们的人，我们没有像过去那样把他们拒之门外，而是让他们进来，这正是我们所需要的。可知，此处内容与让周围那些愿意帮忙的人帮助自己有关，选项C“给自己一个支持系统。”符合题意。故选C。
13. 根据下一句Just knowing people are here for us means a lot, but I also know that no one will fully understand my experience and that's okay as we are all different. 知道有人在身边对我们来说意义重大，但我也知道没有人会完全理解我的经历，这没关系，因为我们都是不同的。可知，此处内容与这是一个漫长且辛苦的旅程有关，选项G“对我和我的母亲以及所有关心我们的人来说，这是一个漫长而艰难的旅程。”符合题意。故选G。
14. 根据下一句I also loved my father very much. 我也非常爱我的父亲。可知，此处内容与作者的爸爸非常爱作者有关，选项D“他爱我胜过世上任何人。”符合题意。故选D。
15. 根据下一句Everything else is secondary. 其他一切都是次要的。可知，此处内容与爱才是真的重要的有关，选项B“爱才是真正重要的。”符合题意。故选B。
4
Developing Interpersonal Relationships
One of the biggest keys to happiness is having strong interpersonal relationships. I believe that relationships are key to leading a fulfilling and contented life. Like anything worth having in life, they take some work to develop and maintain.
In the spirit of clarity, it’s good idea to take a quick look at the definition of interpersonal relationships. 16. This can extend from family to friends, to work associates, to neighbors, or clubs and on and on. It can be a relationship in any context or situation.
For instance, I’ve had strong short-lived relationships with people I’ve worked with on a project as well as one for 50 years with my brother. My two best friends and I live in different cities but, we get together several times a year and have a great time. I have a mentor I worked with over a decade ago I still stay in touch with because we get along so well. 17.
We will briefly touch on developing interpersonal relationships. Best way to approach it is to be a good partner or friend as the situation desires. 18. Do your part and help others as needed. Be a contributor who is also willing to help out when needed. As a friend, you simply follow the age-old piece of advice “to have a friend, you must first be a friend”.
19. That want-to-help attitude will put you with like-minded individuals who you’ll probably hit it off with. The main thing to remember is great interpersonal relationships can get formed any lace or situation where you interact with other people. 20.
A. That’s how interpersonal relationship affects you.
B. Interpersonal relationships serve to ease people’s anxiety.
C. For instance, ensure you are a good person to work with.
D. All of these are examples of strong interpersonal relationships.
E.Put some effort into it and you’d be amazed at how that pays off
F.An interpersonal relationship is a strong association between people.
G.If you’re on a team, it should be something you’d like to help out with.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主题语境是人与社会。主题语境的内容是发展人际关系，本文主要介绍了幸福的最大关键之一是拥有强大的人际关系；人际关系是过充实、满足生活的关键。就像生活中任何值得拥有的东西一样，它们需要努力去开发和维护。
16. 过渡句。设空处前一句In the spirit of clarity, it’s good idea to take a quick look at the definition of interpersonal relationships.（本着清晰的精神，快速看一下人际关系的定义是一个好主意。）以及后一句This can extend from family to friends, to work associates, to neighbors, or clubs and on and on.（这可以从家庭延伸到朋友、同事、邻居、俱乐部等等。）可知，F项An interpersonal relationship is a strong association between people.（人际关系是人与人之间的一种强有力的联系。）设空处讲到人际关系的定义，后一句又对人际关系进行进一步的延伸。符合逻辑。故答案为F。
17. 细节句。For instance, I’ve had strong short-lived relationships with people I’ve worked with on a project as well as one for 50 years with my brother. My two best friends and I live in different cities but, we get together several times a year and have a great time. I have a mentor I worked with over a decade ago I still stay in touch with because we get along so well（例如，我和曾经一起做过一个项目的人有过短暂而牢固的关系，和我的兄弟也有过长达50年的关系。我和两个最好的朋友虽然住在不同的城市，但我们每年都要聚在一起几次，玩得很开心。我有一位十多年前共事过的导师，现在仍然保持联系，因为我们相处得很好。）本段第一句开始举例，设空处前讲到好的人际关系的例子，D项All of these are examples of strong interpersonal relationships.（所有这些都是强有力的人际关系的例子）。设空处在本段最后进行总结。故答案为D项。
18. 过渡句。设空处前一句. Best way to approach it is to be a good partner or friend as the situation desires. （解决这个问题的最好办法是根据情况的需要成为一个好伙伴或好朋友）以及后一句（尽你的本分，帮助别人。）C项For instance, ensure you are a good person to work with.（例如，确保你是一个很好的合作伙伴。）设空处承接上一句成为一个好的合作伙伴，以及后一句好的合作伙伴应该帮助别人。故答案为C项。
19. 主旨句。由设空处后一句That want-to-help attitude will put you with like-minded individuals who you’ll probably hit it off with. （这种乐于助人的态度会让你和志趣相投的人在一起，你可能会很合得来。）可知本段主要讲解的是帮助别人。G项If you’re on a team, it should be something you’d like to help out with.（如果你在一个团队里，那就应该是你愿意帮忙的事情。）符合题意。故答案为G。
20. 细节句。设空处前一句The main thing to remember is great interpersonal relationships can get formed any lace or situation where you interact with other people. （最重要的是要记住，良好的人际关系可以在你与他人互动的任何场合形成。）E项Put some effort into it and you’d be amazed at how that pays off（付出一些努力，你会惊奇地发现这是多么值得。）E项是对上文的补充说明。故答案为E项。
5
As a senior year student, you may have so many pressures coming from so many directions that you can’t figure out what to do first.
21.
When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of what’s important. One of the best ways to see the big picture – what you want out of life – is to lay out your goals.
Pressure Points and How to Deal With Them
Confused or overwhelmed -- 22. . Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher. They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries.
Being too hard on yourself – ease up, take a break and do something you enjoy. Daydream, read a book, go out with friends – anything that helps you relax.
Problems, problems, problems – recognize your limits. It’s too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once. 23.
Goal-Setting Tips
It’s important to remember that goals belong to you – not to your parents, your teachers, or your friends. After you’ve set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals. 24. , do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could help you.
25. . If your goal is something you no longer want, change it. Identify the barriers to getting your goals. Consider ways to overcome them. Don’t get depressed by a big, long-term goal – see what steps you can take to achieve it and set those steps down as short-term, “do-able” goals.
A. Too much to do
B. If you’re not sure what skills you’ll need
C. talk to someone you trust
D. Goals exist to serve you
E.Balancing goals in life
F.Choose what’s most urgent and set aside the rest until later
G.As long as you know what skill is important and what isn’t

【答案】21. E 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文给毕业班的学生提出了面对诸多的压力时应该先做什么的建议。
21. 由“When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of what’s important. One of the best ways to see the big picture – what you want out of life – is to lay out your goals.”可知，你有很多事情要做，并有很多事情需要你花时间的时候，你可能不知道什么是重要的。顾全大局的最好的办法之一是设计你的目标。所以本段主要在讲在生活中要平衡目标也就是小题1本段的小标题所要说明的内容。故E选项“在生活中要平衡目标”切题。故选E项。
22. 由“ Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher”可知，与朋友、父母或老师讨论你的忧虑。所以小题2要总说困惑时或者不知所措时应该怎么做，然后再具体分说和谁去谈论。故C选线“和你信任的人谈谈”切题。故选C项。
23. 由“it’s too stressful to try to deal with all your problems at once”可知，一次性处理所有的问题压力太大了。所以小题3要承接上句来说明既然没有能力同时处理，应该怎么做。故F选项“选择紧急的问题来处理，剩下的留到后面再处理”切题。故选F项。
24. 由“After you’ve set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals. ..., do some research”可知，当你确定了你的目标之后，确定你要达到这些目标所需的技能。做一些调查。所以小题4要说明在什么情况下需要做一些调查研究。故“如果你不确定你需要什么技能”切题。故选B项。
25. 由“If your goal is something you no longer want, change it”可知，如果你的目标不再是你想要的，改变它。所以小题5要与后句为因果关系。故D选项“目标存在的目的是为了服务于你”故选D项。
6
Therapeutic (治疗性的) writing involves participating in writing activities to deal with emotional issues. People work under the direction of a therapist (治疗学家) for most of the time. 26. In both cases, participants adopt expressive writing to put down thoughts, emotions, and other experiences.
Therapeutic writing can be useful in cases where people have difficulty communicating by other means. A client who is having trouble with a situation, for example, might write a letter to the people involved as part of therapy. 27. Besides, it works on how to approach the people in real life to settle the issue.
Exercises in therapeutic writing typically encourage people to write for a block of time, such as 15 minutes. They may be asked to write about their days or issues coming up in their lives. In guided therapy, the therapist may review the writing and discuss it with the patient. 28.
Some people keep writing regular journals to share with their therapists and others. 29. Therapists can also use electronic journals to help patients between sessions, looking at what they’re writing about and identifying specific issues to discuss in therapy.
30. People may keep personal journals or diaries intended for their private use, where they can describe events and explore emotions. Some add a self-directed group therapy aspect as well by sharing their writing with friends who can provide advice.
A. Some of us think that writing is only for writers.
B. There are informal approaches to writing as therapy.
C. Participants can benefit from therapeutic writing exercises.
D. Sometimes they can start a writing program independently.
E.Of course, patients can talk about the emotions that come up while writing.
F.This writing can help him or her express goals and a desired result clearly.
G.Others may keep an online writing journal and only allow his or her therapist to read.
【答案】26. D 27. F 28. E 29. G 30. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一种处理情绪的办法—治愈写作法。
26. 根据上文 People work under the direction of a therapist (治疗学家) for most of the time.可知，大多数情况下他们在治疗学家的指导下工作，根据逻辑推理可知，剩下的时间可能不需要指导。D. Sometimes they can start a writing program independently.有时他们可以独立开始写作，承接上文，故选D。
27. 根据上文A client who is having trouble with a situation, for example, might write a letter to the people involved as part of therapy可知，例如，一个有问题的客户，可以写一封信给当事人，作为治疗的一部分；再根据下文Besides, it works on how to approach the people in real life to settle the issue.可知，此外，它致力于如何接近现实中的人们来解决问题。由此可知，上句应该是客户写信的作用。F. This writing can help him or her express goals and a desired result clearly. 这种写作可以帮助他或她清楚地表达目标和期望的结果。承上启下，故选F。
28. 根据上文In guided therapy, the therapist may review the writing and discuss it with the patient.可知，在指导治疗中，治疗师可能会回顾文章，并与患者讨论。由此推断下文应该是治疗师和患者之间的互动。E. Of course, patients can talk about the emotions that come up while writing. 当然，病人可以谈论在写作时出现的情绪。承接上文，故选E。
29. 上文Some people keep writing regular journals to share with their therapists and others. 可知，有些人坚持定期写日志，与他们的治疗师和其他人分享。G. Others may keep an online writing journal and only allow his or her therapist to read. 还有一些人可能在网上写日记，但只允许他或她的治疗师阅读。根据这两句Some people和Others的线索，选项G引起下文，故选G。
30. 根据最后一段中People may keep personal journals or diaries intended for their private use可知，人们可能会保留个人日志或为私人使用的日记；再根据Some add a self-directed group therapy aspect as well by sharing their writing with friends who can provide advice. 有些人加入了团体治疗，并与朋友分享作品，朋友们可以提供建议。由此可知文章最后一段讲的是人们写作的方法，B. There are informal approaches to writing as therapy. 有一些非正式的写作方法可以作为治疗，总结全段，故选B。
7
Leonardo da Vinci and Nature
In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies.31. Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct.32.
Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers.33. More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.”
“Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas.34. His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.
35. His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world.
A. Leonardo was always drawing.
B. How could these be connected with art?
C. Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.
D. Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.
E.Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.
F.Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.
G.You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.
【答案】31. B 32. G 33. F 34. E 35. A
【解析】这是一篇科普说明文。通过对达芬奇与自然是如何结合起来进行艺术创作这一事件进行以下方面的说明：数学、音乐与艺术的关系，以及自然与艺术的关系。
31. 空格前面两句，由但是引导的句子提示我们，在里奥拉多时代，科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究， but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 那他们是如何紧密联系在一起的呢？这样看来B选项How could these be connected with art?那这些是如何与艺术紧密相联系的呢？这是西方作者行文的特点即渐进式重复主题，切合题意。故选B。
32. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct.从空格前面这句里面的place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting.把所画的事物在一幅画里面彼此之间的位置关系安排的妥妥的。这里读出两点信息：一是in a drawing or painting.一是place things.根据这两点信息可以推出答案里面必须要有一幅画和位置的描述。G选项刚好切合此意：You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.你会看到一个好的例子，就是有这样一幅画《最后的晚餐》里人物位置的安排。故选G。
33. 本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题，数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推出达芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。F选项与此意切合：Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.里奥拉多他自己就是一个非常优秀的音乐家，喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌。故选F。
34. 在空格前面的描述中可以得知：达芬奇在他探寻这些规则的时候，他认真仔细地观察大量的实例和细节。实践经历比起他自己的意见更重要，然后他经常通过事实得出观点。……他的目的是考量这个世界，以便于能够把它复制在自己美丽的图画和雕塑中。通过对上文的理解，达芬奇做这些的最终目的是为了画画和创作。那么答案中必定有表示目的这一选项供我们选择。或者说在描述前面这么多细节后，再接着描述他到底想要做什么。因此E选项切合题意：Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.最重要的是，里奥拉多想要理解事物是如何运作的，又为什么会这么运作。故选E。
35. 根据空格后面两句话的结构可以看出：他的小速写……，更多的认真的画画，会用一支钢笔和尺在桌子旁边完成。然后讲他的一幅小速写卖了多少钱，是当今世界上最贵的一幅画。空格在这一段的开头处，可以得出答案一定会有一个总起的作用的结论，就是要为后面所说的两件事情都与画画有关。能够充当此角色的只有A选项切合此意：Leonardo was always drawing. 里奥拉多总是画画。故选A。