新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第8 体裁微解议论文 (含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第8 体裁微解议论文 (含解析)，共13页。
议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅；论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。主要具有以下特点：
高考英语议论文设题广泛，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现，因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，明了作者最后得出的结论。具体答题策略如下：
(2021·天津3月·D)
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist，even if yu are a specialist.Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle，well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize，t becme experts.This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin，branch f study r research.The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less.There is a great deal f pressure t master ne’s field.Yu may pursue training，degrees，r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk.Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty.But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm.These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night，then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends，r traveled t exciting places，meeting interesting peple.Mastering ne thing t the exclusin(排除) f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists，n the ther hand，knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins.They are peple f ability，talent，and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective(视角) int specific fields f expertise(专长)．The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr，ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected.Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas.Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but，nce yu explre their depths，yu discver that they are.My editr Tni，wh is als a writer，has edited several histry bks.She has decided t study Chinese histry.Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter，she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy.“I dn’t knw where it will lead，but I’m excited I’m n this pursuit.”
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives.We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life，f urselves and the universe.Develp brad，general knwledge and experience.The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。)
51．T becme a specialist，ne may have t .
A．narrw his range f knwledge
B．avid respnsibilities at wrk
C．knw mre abut the sciety
D．braden his perspective n life
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。因此，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小一个人的知识范围。故选A。
52．The specialists mentined in paragraph 3 tend t .
A．treasure their freedm
B．travel arund the wrld
C．spend mst time wrking
D．enjy meeting funny peple
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。第三段中提到“Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night”，由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
53．Accrding t the authr，a superir dctr is ne wh .
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．shuld lve petry and philsphy
D．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。由此可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识运用到工作中。故选D。
54．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn’s success.
B．In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段前三句可知，事物之间是有联系的，你在一个领域的专长可以激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。接着下文举出Tni的例子，由此可以推断，作者想通过Tni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
55．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist r Generalist：Hard t Decide
C．Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D．Ways t Becme a Generalist
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。第一段第一句提出观点，即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；第二段第三句说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段说明当通才的优点。由此可知，作者认为应该当一个通才。故选A。
A
If having t make a chice between reading an e-bk and a printed bk，which wuld mst peple chse？Sme wuld g fr an e-bk while sme still prefer the hard-printed bk.
Undubtedly，e-bks d have benefits.Firstly，changes t an electrnic publicatin are relatively easy t make.They are quicker t btain.E-bks are mre easily updated.The printed bks n many subjects can becme utdated very quickly.Secndly，e-bks can be easily and quickly kept up t date.Yu usually get far mre than just the e-bks.Mst e-bks are sld with bnuses and related infrmatin that usually d nt cme with the purchase f a printed bk.Mrever，they take up less space.Instead f a big library，yu can fit literally thusands f bks n yur cmputer.It als makes it easier t share this infrmatin with families and friends.
Fr nearly twenty years，additinally，futurists have been predicting the develpment f printed bks.The cnventinal view has been that digital e-bks are n the verge f replacing paper bks.Hwever，this has nt been the case.A printed bk has its advantages t.Firstly，it is an bject that can be carried and used alne.It needs n electric utlet(插座)，n batteries，nthing.Secndly，e-bks will always require sme frms f supprt that the printed bk des nt need.
I believe that the nline publishing has nt taken ff because peple want real bks.What is being published nline mre and mre are pamphlets(小册子) and things that really d nt need t be in print.These are stuff that peple thrw away afterward.Mre ften，peple d nt want t read a bk n the cmputer.What culd be better than a paper bk？It lasts a lng time.These bks are designed t last a lng time withut disappearing.
T sum up，there is n denying that the printed bk is still very much preferred ver its digital cusins.Reading electrnic publicatins is just nt the same when it cmes t bks.Peple are still very interested in real bks and ntebks.
1．What can we knw abut an e-bk?
A．It will never be ut f date.
B．It always gives yu an added bnus.
C．It can deliver infrmatin quickly.
D．It has taken the place f printed bks.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“They are quicker t btain.”和第六句“Secndly，e-bks can be easily and quickly kept up t date.”及最后一句可知，电子书更新快，获取方便，易于分享。由此推知，电子书可以快速地传递信息。故选C。
2．Which statement wuld futurists prbably agree with?
A．Printed bks will disappear.
B．Printed bks can be used alne.
C．E-bks have many restrictins.
D．E-bks have n drawbacks.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，未来学家认为在以后电子书将取代印刷书籍。由此推知，未来学家可能会同意印刷书籍即将消失这个观点。故选A。
3．What is ne cause f the failed nline publishing?
A．The lw demand fr bk industry.
B．The expectatins frm peple.
C．The guidance f plicy.
D．The desire fr the printed bks.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，在线出版没有成功的原因是人们对印刷书籍的需求。故选D。
4．What des the authr think f the future f the printed bk?
A．Hpeless. B．Unpredictable.
C．Cstly. D．Prmising.
答案 D
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为印刷书籍的未来是有希望的。故选D。
B
“Mirrr，mirrr n the wall.Wh’s the prettiest f them all？” Everyne is.Including yu.N matter what TikTk’s beauty trends want yu t believe.
The ppular vide-sharing platfrm needs n intrductin.Anyne in the wrld can create anything and pst it n the widespread platfrm.But what happens when mre and mre fault-finding cntents—especially in regard t peple’s lks—are created?
“Yu’re attractive if yu have 8 t 10 teeth shwing when yu smile.”
“Apparently，this filter(滤镜) shws hw gd yur eyebrws lk.”
“Use this effect t adjust the size f yur features.”
We are brn with a tendency t fllw the crwd t gain apprval.As a result，we lk at the huge number f views n these psts and think fllwing these trends is the right thing t d.S we hurriedly dwnlad the filters r rush t the mirrr t pretend t smile bradly and curiusly cunt ur teeth.
Media has been keeping western beauty standards fr generatins and has failed t cnsider that different cultures and cuntries have their wn beauty standards.Yu might nt believe it，but I find dark circles(the prf yu wrked hard until late at night) and scars(the prf that yu’ve survived battles) beautiful.And I’m sure there are plenty f thers wh d，t.
TikTk beauty standards srt peple int grups accrding t the sizes f their nses，freheads，r lips.They judge a persn by their lks.Actually，peple are whle individuals with far mre interesting qualities than their frehead size.
It’s the way yur eyes light up when talking abut yur favrite bk r the way yu take care f yur sad friend that makes yu beautiful.As we age and grw wrinkles，it’s the things we did that we’ll be remembered fr，nt what we lked like 20 years ag.Trust me，n ne’s actually cunting and cmmitting t memry hw many teeth are in yur smile.
5．Why is the famus line frm a stry used at the beginning f the passage?
A．T remind readers f the magic mirrr.
B．T make the beginning understandable.
C．T intrduce the authr’s beauty attitude.
D．T display ppular belief twards TikTk.
答案 C
解析 写作意图题。根据第一段中“Everyne is.Including yu.N matter what TikTk’s beauty trends want yu t believe.”可知，这就是作者自己对于“谁是最美的人”的答案，是作者自己对于美的态度，不要跟风，要相信自己最美。所以说作者引用那句故事台词的目的就是引出自己对于美的看法。故选C。
6．Why d we fllw the beauty trends accrding t the passage?
A．T get acceptance.
B．T satisfy curisity.
C．T put n mre psts.
D．T create a better self.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段前两句可知，因为我们生来就有一种从众以得到他人的认可的倾向，所以才会追随审美趋势。A项与gain apprval意思一致。故选A。
7．What is beautiful accrding t the authr?
A．Scars frm a bar fighting.
B．Dark circles frm playing games.
C．Eyebrws shwn thrugh the filter.
D．A lame leg frm saving a child in a fire.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第二句以及最后一段可推知，假如你是因为从大火中救出孩子而腿瘸的人，在作者看来这就是最美的。故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title fr the passage?
A．Wrrying Future fr TikTk Fllwers
B．Unique Beauty Standards n TikTk
C．Harmful TikTk Beauty Trends
D．Dangerus TikTk Platfrm
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。第一段作者阐述了自己对美的态度；第二段作者质疑TikTk平台上很多人分享的人造美对社会导向是错误的；倒数第二段作者指出了这些网络视频中的审美是具有负面影响的，并指出了正确的审美观。综上，作者担心TikTk平台的审美趋势所带来的负面影响。故选C。
强化练(十六) 议论文
A
A simple piece f cltheslines hangs between sme envirnmentally friendly Americans and their neighbrs.On ne side stand thse wh see clthes dryers as a waste f energy and a majr plluter f the envirnment.As a result，they are turning t cltheslines as part f the “what-I-can- d envirnmentalism”．
But n the ther side are peple wh are against drying clthes utside，arguing that cltheslines are unpleasant t lk at.They have persuaded Hmewners Assciatins(HOAs) acrss the US t stp utdr cltheslines，because clthesline drying als tends t lwer hme value in the neighbrhd.This has led t a Right-t-Dry Mvement that is calling fr laws be passed t prtect the chice t use cltheslines.S far，nly three states have laws t prtect cltheslines.
Matt Reck,37，is the kind f ec-friendly persn wh feeds his trees with bathwater and reuses water drps frm his air cnditiners t water plants.His family als uses a clthesline.But several days ag，the HOA in Nrth Carlina tld him that a dissatisfied neighbr had telephned them abut his clthesline.The Recks paid n attentin t the warning and still dried their clthes n a line in the yard.“Many peple say they are envirnmentally friendly but they dn’t take matters in their wn hands，”says Reck.The lcal HOA has decided nt t take any actin，unless mre neighbrs cmplain.
Nrth Carlina lawmakers say that stpping cltheslines is nt the right thing t d.But HOAs and husing businesses believe that clthesline drying reminds peple f pr neighbrhds.They wrry that if buyers think their future neighbrs can’t even affrd dryers，husing prices will fall.
Envirnmentalists say such wrries are nt necessary，and in view f glbal warming，that idea needs t change.As they say，“The clthesline is beautiful.Hanging clthes utside shuld be encuraged.We all have t d at least smething t slw dwn the prcess f glbal warming.”
1．Supprters f clthes dryers are trying t stp clthesline drying because .
A．clthes dryers can save mney
B．clthes dryers are energy-saving
C．clthesline drying reduces hme value
D．clthesline drying is nt allwed in US
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，干衣机的支持者们正试图阻止晾衣绳，因为晾衣绳降低了房屋价值。故选C。
2．Which f the fllwing best describes Matt Reck?
A．He is a warm-hearted man.
B．He is an implite neighbr.
C．He is an inexperienced gardener.
D．He is a man f scial respnsibility.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和倒数第二句可推知，Matt Reck是一个有社会责任感的人。故选D。
3．Wh are mst likely t supprt clthesline drying?
A．Husing businesses.
B．Envirnmentalists.
C．Hmewners Assciatins.
D．Reck’s dissatisfied neighbrs.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句以及最后一段可知，环保人士最有可能支持晾衣绳。故选B。
4．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Oppsite Opinins n Clthesline Drying
B．A Way t Save Energy and Mney
C．Different Varieties f Cltheslines
D．A Lst Art t Be Discvered
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章的主要内容可知，文章讲述了一条简单的晾衣绳引起了一些环保的美国人和他们的邻居之间的争议。文章介绍了不同的人对此的看法。故选A。
B
(2022·江西赣州适应性考试)
Being perfect is smething many f us want and try t achieve.It makes us feel we’re crrect and that ur hard wrk has paid ff.Hwever，as much as perfectin and being perfect is nt all a perfect thing.
Perfectin is all abut being withut mistakes and criticism.Wanting r trying t be perfect can make it hard t admit a mistake.Nevertheless，it is imprtant t wn up t mistakes and wrk t fix them.Nt being able t take criticism and fix mistakes is arrgance，nt perfectin.
Perfectin is a duble-edged swrd.In ur lives，we want perfectin.Perfectin hlds us accuntable; it’s the mistakes and imperfectin that keeps pushing us harder and further at what we d.It’s the perfect mtivatr.But it’s als the perfect killer.Fr example，the mvie “Black Swan” shwcased hw perfectin can kill us.Wrking and training and stress hurt ur bdy，mind，and s much mre that we can’t d it any mre.
But perfectin can als have the ppsite effect.The mvie “High Strung” shwed that perfectin desn’t exist，but practicing and pushing urselves can bring us great rewards.In “Black Swan”，the main character tried t be perfect but he als cmpared himself t smene else wh he thught was better than him.This added mre pressure and self-dubt，which can cause unhealthy ways f achieving perfectin.The main character f “Black Swan” didn’t knw when t stp，whereas the main character f “High Strung” did，r at least didn’t fcus s much n the cmparisn，and instead fcused n the cmpetitin and the nes she cared abut.
Perfectin is smething we can’t live withut and can’t live with.The nly way t keep the swrd frm cutting us is if we knw when t stp.Sme days are ging t be gd days and thers will be bad.We have t take whatever day it is—perfect r imperfect—and hpe that’s enugh.
5．What des the underlined phrase “wn up t” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Make. B．Avid.
C．Crrect. D．Acknwledge.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Nt being able t take criticism and fix mistakes is arrgance，nt perfectin.”以及画线词后面“mistakes and wrk t fix them”可知，不能接受批评和纠正错误是傲慢，而不是完美，所以承认错误并努力改正是很重要的。故画线短语意思是“承认”。故选D。
6．What prevents the character in “Black Swan” frm ging further?
A．Cmparisn. B．Self-dubt.
C．Pressure. D．Cmpetitin.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In ‘Black Swan’， the main character tried t be perfect but he als cmpared himself t smene else wh he thught was better than him.This added mre pressure and self-dubt，which can cause unhealthy ways f achieving perfectin.”可知，是比较阻止了《黑天鹅》中的角色走得更远。故选A。
7．What des the authr advise us t d while trying t be perfect?
A．Try nt t make mistakes.
B．Push urselves harder.
C．Stp befre ging t far.
D．Prve ur ability t thers.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The nly way t keep the swrd frm cutting us is if we knw when t stp.”可知，作者建议我们在追求完美的同时，不要走得太远。故选C。
8．What culd be the best structure f the passage? (P＝paragraph)
答案 C
解析 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总起全文，引出关于“完美”的话题；第二段中“Perfectin is all abut being withut mistakes and criticism.”为第一个论点；第三段和第四段指出完美是一把双刃剑，为第二个论点；最后第五段对全文进行总结。由此可推知，C选项最符合文章结构。
C
It is better t keep yur muth clsed and let peple think yu are a fl than t pen it and remve all dubt.
—Mark Twain
Yu can have smething extremely smart，useful r funny t say，but if yu say it at an imprper time，yu culd make yurself lk flish.
Thrughut histry many famus，ntewrthy peple have taken Mark Twain’s wrds t heart.These wise peple knew when t talk and when t keep silent.Many leaders have t learn when t talk and when t keep silent even when it might be difficult t d s.All leaders must chse their wrds carefully，picking the right time t speak，s that their wrds can have the greatest impact.
If yu learn t develp this skill f knwing when t hld yur tngue，yu will als becme wise，even if peple think yu are nt.Sme peple，in fact，will underestimate yu because they d nt knw what yu are thinking all the time.This can give yu an advantage in many situatins.When peple underestimate yu，they d nt fcus n yu，leaving yu t make and perfrm plans withut being nticed.
If yu think befre yu speak，yu can als imprve yur listening skills，which is a very imprtant and useful skill t have.Listening is anther key trait(特征) fr a leader t have，and it is harder t achieve than many peple think.First，yu have t be quiet，and then yu have t listen attentively，with all yur attentin n what the persn is saying t be a gd listener.When yu learn t stp and think befre yu speak and when yu learn t becme a gd listener yu will be well n yur way t becming a gd leader.By being able t listen t the peple that wrk with yu and fr yu，yu will be able t make infrmed decisins.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了保持沉默的重要性。)
9．The qutatin(引言) frm Mark Twain functins as .
A．an example B．a thread
C．a cmparisn D．a mdel
答案 B
解析 写作手法题。文章开篇引用马克·吐温的话，结合正文第二段的“Thrughut histry many silent.”可推断，马克·吐温的话被用来作为线索引出文章的主题：沉默是金。故选B。
10．The authr takes the example f many famus，ntewrthy peple t express that .
A．influential peple are able t express themselves freely
B．many imprtant peple didn’t take Mark Twain’s wrds seriusly
C．leaders shuld attach great imprtance t when，hw and what t say
D．the public will nt understand them if famus，ntewrthy peple keep silent
答案 C
解析 写作意图题。根据第二段内容可推断，作者举许多名人的例子是想要说明：作为领导，更应该重视何时、何地以及以何种方式说话，这样他们的话才能产生更大的影响。故选C。
11．Accrding t the passage，what are the advantages f develping the skills f hlding yur tngue?
①Yu culd be underestimated by thers.
②Peple ften think highly f yu.
③Yu can plish up listening skills.
④Yu will imprve yur relatinship with thers.
A．①② B．①③
C．③④ D．②④
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Sme peple，in fact，will being nticed.”和第四段第一句可知，保持沉默可以让别人低估你的能力，这样你可以集中精力制定和执行你的计划，而不被人关注。其次，保持沉默还可以提高你的倾听能力。故选B。
12．Which f the fllwing is the best title?
A．He That Talks Much Errs Much
B．Facts Speak Luder than Wrds
C．Even Hmer Smetimes Nds
D．A Still Tngue Makes a Wise Head
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章论述了保持沉默的重要性。A项“言多必失”；B项“事实胜于雄辩”；C项“智者千虑，必有一失”；D项“寡言者智”。故选D。选材
主要选自一些外国期刊，如News Week，Times，Business Week，The Ecnmist；主要是中外广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题。
内容
内容包罗万象，社会生活类占据了绝大部分。作者通过摆事实、列数字等方法论证论点，目的是说服他人、宣扬观点，或者说服读者接受某种意见或采取某种行动。文章中会出现生僻词汇和长难句。
结构
大多以“总—分—总”的结构行文，即“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”。
语言
议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性。
命题
议论文难度相对比较大，命题角度呈多样化，如细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。
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