外研版（2019）高考英语一轮复习课时练习36 ：选择性必修3 Unit 6　Nature in words （含解析）

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选择性必修第三册　Unit 6　Nature in words

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

(2021·浙江宁波模拟)There are many great destinations in the UK, one of 1. ________ is the South­West of England. The most popular regions surrounding the South­West 2. ________ (be) the counties of Devon and Cornwall. They are by the coast and known for having some of 3. ________ sunniest weather in the UK.

In the heart of the South­West, Dartmoor National Park 4. ________ (vote) the UK's favourite in 2016. There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from which will lead you 5. ________(discover) Dartmoor's ancient and rugged (崎岖的) charm!

In the South­West you will find plenty of attractive and often deserted 6. ________ (beach). Some examples include Whitesand Bay in Cornwall and Woolacombe beach in Devon. If you don't mind the 7. ________ (slight) cooler temperatures than other beach destinations in Europe, you are in for a real treat!

Apart from 8. ________ (surround) by beautiful nature, the South­West is full of urban gems (精华). The city of Exeter in Devon has great centres, as well as lots of cafés 9. ________ pubs. Cornwall has its own treasures too — pretty villages and towns such as St Ives and Mousehole. They line the coastline, and make for the perfect locations to spend those 10. ________ (relax) summer afternoons!

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的旅游圣地——西南部最受欢迎的地区德文郡和康沃尔郡。

1. which　考查定语从句。此处先行词是destinations，关系词在从句中与one of 一起作主语，且位于介词of之后，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。

2. are　考查主谓一致。此处主语是“The most popular regions”，谓语动词应使用复数形式，且描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填are。

3. the　考查定冠词。形容词最高级前要加定冠词。故填the。

4. was voted　考查动词的被动语态。Dartmoor National Park与vote之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处应使用被动语态，再根据时间状语“in 2016”可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was voted。

5. to discover　考查固定用法。lead sb. to do sth.“引导某人做某事”，为固定短语。故填to discover。

6. beaches　考查名词的单复数。根据空前“plenty of”可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填beaches。

7. slightly　考查副词。此处修饰形容词cooler，应使用副词。故填slightly。

8. being surrounded　考查非谓语动词。此处与the South­West是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用被动语态，因位于介词from后，应使用动名词的被动式。故填being surrounded。

9. and　考查连词。此处的cafés和pubs是并列关系，意为“许多咖啡馆和小酒馆”。故填and。

10. relaxing　考查形容词。它们沿着海岸线排列，有着绝佳的位置，是度过那些放松的夏日午后的完美地点！故填relaxing。

B

The great outdoors：it's the place to head for when you're in need of peace and quiet, open spaces, beautiful scenery and exercise. 1. ________ a huge mountain range or a local country park, these natural areas are a perfect tonic (补药)for our stressed­out lives, and their medical effect is being used more and more 2. ________ (treat) mental health. Psychotherapy helps people who suffer from depression, 3. ________ (anxious) and stress. It's true that connecting with the natural world 4. ________(definite) lifts our spirits. Eco­therapy doesn't involve taking medicine. Instead, it just develops a person's relationship 5. ________ nature. This natural therapy can take on many forms, such as doing yoga in a forest, gardening or even 6. ________ (hug) a tree.

There are many 7. ________ (benefit) of this “green” therapy, including improving social contact, social and work skills and coping abilities. If we 8. ________ (expose) to the natural elements, then our negative feelings get almost immediately replaced with positive emotions.

Admittedly, eco­therapy won't cure everything, but it is 9. ________ option for therapists to use. And as we become 10. ________ (aware) of the causes and effects of mental health, it's better known that help might lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。身处绿色的开放空间可以帮助人们放松、减压。在与自然接触的过程中，人们发现了一种可以帮助治疗心理疾病的特殊疗法——自然生态疗法，文章主要讲述了什么是自然生态疗法及其对人的好处。

1. Whether　考查固定搭配。whether... or... 为固定用法，意为“无论是……还是……”。故填Whether。

2. to treat　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to treat。

3. anxiety　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词与depression和stress并列，都是介词from的宾语，应填anxious的名词形式。故填anxiety。

4. definitely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处是副词作状语修饰谓语动词lifts。故填definitely。

5. with　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示人与自然的关系。故填with。

6. hugging　考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处的“hugging a tree”与“doing yoga in a forest, gardening”是并列关系，都是举例的一部分。故填hugging。

7. benefits　考查名词的单复数。根据后面的“including improving social contact, social and work skills and coping abilities”可知，绿色疗法的好处有很多，应用复数形式。故填benefits。

8. are exposed　考查动词的被动语态。be exposed to... 为固定短语，意为“与……接触；暴露于……”。故填are exposed。

9. an　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处的option是可数名词，在本句中表示泛指“一种选择”，且以元音音素开头，故填an。

10. more aware　考查形容词的比较级。根据下文中的“it's better known that help might lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand”可知，此处应用比较级，表示与过去情况的对比。故填more aware。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 那个女孩倾听着，一动也不动，好像已经变成了石头似的。(as if/though引导的状语从句)

The girl listened and sat still, as if/though she had been turned into a stone．

2. 老师坚决认为我们应该通过写日记来提高我们的英语表达能力。(insist that...)

The teacher insists that we (should) keep a diary to improve our ability of expressing ourselves in English.

3. 他起得很早以便能赶上早班公交车。(so that引导目的状语从句)

He got up very early so that he could catch up with the early bus．

4. 他回到家里，又饿又累。(形容词短语作状语)

He arrived home, hungry and tired．

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

Many of us think wrongly that the moon doesn't change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away. From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”

However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analysed thousands of photographs taken by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movements on the moon.

According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin (葡萄干). Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 metres “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky crust (外壳), the moon's surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级)，” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in the US.

But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that humans shouldn't try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph. “This isn't anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It's not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us.

The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we've done some great science, but there is still a lot we don't know. The moon is shrinking — we didn't really realise that until recently. It's a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.

1. Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree with?

A. It stays the same as before.

B. It is becoming lightly smaller.

C. It is getting older and older.

D. It has passed away.

2. What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?

A. It has become 46 metres fatter due to expanding.

B. It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.

C. It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.

D. It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.

3. Who thinks that we needn't worry about the moon?

A. Zhang Ruoxu.  B. Thomas Watters.  C. Nathan Williams.  D. The journalist.

4. What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?

A. It is a dead and boring place.

B. It has lots of faults on the surface.

C. It is valuable to do more science.

D. It isn't a place where we can live.

【语篇解读】文章介绍了发表在《自然·地球科学》杂志上的一项新研究，该研究表明月球实际上正随着时间的推移而慢慢缩小。而美国国家航空航天博物馆的资深科学家却认为我们并不需要为这一发现担心。

1. B　推理判断题。根据第一段及第二段第一句“However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.”可知，我们都错误地认为月球不会发生变化。而发表在《自然·地球科学》杂志上的一项新研究表明，月球实际上正随着时间的推移而慢慢缩小。因此，作者可能会同意月球正在变得越来越小这一观点。

2. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down.”可知，月球有一个热的内核，且在膨胀的过程中释放能量。

3. B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘This isn't anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It's not going anywhere，’ Watters comforted us.”可知，托马斯·沃特斯认为我们不必为月球而担心。

4. C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘We have been to the moon and we've done some great science, but there is still a lot we don't know. The moon is shrinking — we didn't really realise that until recently. It's a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，’ NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.”可知，内森·威廉姆斯认为对月球做更多的科学研究是有价值的。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五

Life in Death Valley

Death Valley is a huge place, extending more than 225 kilometres across the southern part of California into the neighbouring state of Nevada. As beautiful as this place is, its name provides evidence of very real danger.

  1   It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3，000 metres into the sky. Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley. But, during summer months, the air temperature has been as high as 57 degrees Celsius.   2   The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.

In many areas of Death Valley, it is easy to see where the ground has been pushed up violently by movement deep in the Earth. This has created unusual and beautiful rock formations, with colours of red, brown, gray, yellow and black. In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock. The lines are evidence of the past presence of water.   3 

Much of Death Valley is flat and extremely dry. In some areas the ground is nothing but salt. However, it would be wrong to think that nothing lives in Death Valley.   4   Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain. Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley. Visitors might see the dog­like animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise.

Throughout history, Native Americans found ways to survive in Death Valley. Rock art and other remains show that humans lived in the valley as far back as 9，000 years ago. Nowadays, more than one million people visit it each year.   5   The sun slowly turns the valley a gold colour that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple colour, then black.

A. The valley is full of life.

B. The setting sun is visitors' favourite.

C. Images here seem to change each minute.

D. Death Valley is a place of strange and silent beauty.

E. Death Valley doesn't forgive those who are not careful.

F. Death Valley is a land of beautiful yet dangerous extremes.

G. The area was deep under an ocean for many thousands of years.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。死亡谷是一个巨大的地方，从加州南部延伸到邻近的内华达州，全长超过225公里。尽管这个地方很美，但它的名字却证明了它的危险性。文章主要介绍了死亡谷的情况，包括极端气候、地势等。

1. F　根据下文“It has nearly 1.4 million hectares of desert and mountains that reach more than 3，000 metres into the sky. Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can cause sudden floods on the floor of the valley.”可知，死亡谷是个危险的极端之地。故选F。

2. E　根据下文“The extreme heat of Death Valley has once killed people.”可知，进入死亡谷的人如果不小心可能就会死在那里。故选E。

3. G　根据上文“In other parts of Death Valley, there are lines in the rock. The lines are evidence of the past presence of water.”可知，这些线条表明死亡谷曾深埋海底。故选G。

4. A　根据下文“Wildflowers grow very quickly after even a small amount of rain. Several kinds of birds live in Death Valley. Visitors might see the dog­like animal called the coyote, or wild bighorn sheep, or other animals like the desert tortoise.”可知，死亡谷里也有生机。故选A。

5. C　根据下文“The sun slowly turns the valley a gold colour that deepens to a soft brown, then changes to a dark red. As night comes, the mountains turn a dark purple colour, then black.”可知，死亡谷中的景色变化多端。故选C。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

假定你是李华，作为交换生(an exchange student)正在英国Windmill College 学习。今天早晨你骑车上学时不小心刮擦到了一辆停在路边的汽车。由于急着上学，你无法在原地等候车主。请留一张便条，内容包括：

1. 表明身份；

2. 简述事情经过；

3. 道歉并表示愿意赔偿；

4. 联系方式(Tel：589­3671　Email: lihua@windmillco.org)。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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【参考范文】

Dear Sir/Madam，

I'm Li Hua, an exchange student from China studying at Windmill College. I'm truly sorry that my bike scratched your car when I was riding to school this morning. I understand it will certainly put you in a very bad mood. I sincerely apologise for what I did and promise I will cover all the relevant costs. As school will start soon, I can't wait on the scene for you. Please contact me at 589­3671 or lihua@windmillco.org. Many apologies again for all the inconvenience that I have caused.

Best regards，

Li Hua

Ⅳ. 读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Growing up, we didn't have much money. Actually, we had very little. We lived in a small house with holes in the floor. We wore old clothes and had little food. With three little mouths to feed, my daddy worked as a gatekeeper in a middle school and then farmed our own small field until dark. Daddy provided the best he could for us and mum made our clothes on her old sewing machine. We could have easily applied for welfare, but my parents wouldn't think of it. Our family was full of love and proud of hard work.

Then I was in the third grade, in Mrs Harper's class. One day, Mrs Harper brought a huge box of toys to school to give to “poor” children. Everyone was invited to bring some of his or her own toys from home to put in the box. Needless to say, I had hardly any toys of my own to offer.

My eyes got big the next day when I looked into that box. It was like a dream world to me — so many colourful toys! Clearly, Mrs Harper saw the curious look on my face, and although I never asked with a smile, she let me pick out two toys for myself from the box. I was so thankful and thought that I was the luckiest girl in the whole world!

When I got home, I couldn't wait to show mum what I brought from the school. She admired the toys and asked where I got them. I told her about the box for the poor children and that Mrs Harper had let me pick two toys from the box！Mum thought for a few seconds and said in a very sweet way, “No... no, you can't keep these two toys.”

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Mum explained to me that those toys were for “poor” children. _________

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Mrs Harper said she understood what mum meant. _____________________

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【参考范文】

Mum explained to me that those toys were for “poor” children. She took me by the hand and showed me around our house and said that we had a house to live in and that we had enough to eat. Above all, we had a family and we loved each other. We were not poor at all. But there were many children who didn't. They were the people who really needed the toys. Eventually she asked me to take the two toys back to school and put them in Mrs Harper's box.

Mrs Harper said she understood what mum meant. And after school, she took me and some of my classmates to the street to hand out those toys. When I saw the smiles on the faces of those homeless children, I began to understand what mum had told me. Mum was long gone. But her words have stayed with me all the time.