高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题四完形填空 考点二十六　说明文 Word版含解析

这是一份高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题四完形填空 考点二十六　说明文 Word版含解析，共31页。

考点二十六　说明文
　


Cloze 1
限时12分钟
New Year's Eve is a time to celebrate and enter the new year with a smile on your face． When I was a kid, the thing I enjoyed most about New Year's Eve was trying to stay awake until midnight． My parents didn't __1__ me to go to bed early, but my heavy eyelids usually __2__ me well before the new year arrived． When I woke up the next morning, my mum would ask me if I wanted to make a New Year's __3__． I had no __4__ what it was． After she __5__ it to me, I said I would try to __6__ less with my older brother． This got me a(n) __7__ and a pat on the head from my mum． __8__， the resolution lasted only until dinnertime, when my brother and I got into a(n) __9__ about who would set the __10__．
A New Year's resolution is a decision to do or not to do something in order to __11__ a personal goal or break a habit． It comes at a time when people __12__ the past year and make an effort to __13__ themselves as the new year begins．
Like many __14__， New Year's resolutions have a long and interesting __15__．
New Year's Day was first celebrated 4,000 years ago in ancient Babylon． Although the Babylonians did not have a written calendar, historians determined that they __16__ the start of the new year in late March with the arrival of the spring season．
If you would like to make a New Year's resolution this year, there are some __17__ to consider, for example, volunteer at a church or animal rescue organization．
Remember that it takes work to keep a New Year's resolution． Don't worry if you __18__ once or twice． If you are __19__ to what you want to accomplish, you'll be a __20__ person at the end of the year than at the beginning．

1．A．suggest B．force
C．demand D．forbid
答案：B　根据句意及生活常识可知，孩子平时是要按时睡觉的，但在新年尤其是新年前夕是可以熬夜的，所以父母在这一天不会强迫“我”去早些睡觉。故选B。
2．A．betrayed B．beat
C．surprised D．disappointed
答案：B　由but可知，此处与上文形成转折关系，指新年还没到来，“我”就困了。根据常识可知，我们困了会说眼皮打架了。故选B。
3．A．wish B．guess
C．resolution D．comment
答案：C　根据常识可知，新年大人们常要孩子制定新的计划，故妈妈会问“我”的新年决心；第二段首句中的“resolution”是提示。故选C。
4．A．plan B．opinion
C．thought D．idea
答案：D　“我”不知道那是什么。作为孩子自然不知道新年决心指的什么。故选D。
5．A．showed B．passed
C．left D．explained
答案：D　“我”不知道新年决心是什么，所以妈妈就向“我”解释。explain sth．to sb． “向某人解释某事”，故选D。
6．A．chat B．talk
C．fight D．share
答案：C　根据语境可知，既然是向妈妈表决心，肯定是好的行为。所以“少与哥哥打架”符合语境，故选C。
7．A．complaint B．blame
C．smile D．honor
答案：C　根据语境可知，“我”说“我”尽量少与哥哥争执，妈妈拍了“我”的头，对“我”的新年决心表示肯定，故可推测出妈妈是高兴的，C符合题意。
8．A．Luckily B．Unfortunately
C．Amazingly D．Honestly
答案：B　此处指早晨刚向妈妈表决心，可晚餐时又开始和哥哥争吵了，因此unfortunately “不幸地”符合题意，故选B。
9．A．argument B．situation
C．conversation D．agreement
答案：A　不幸地是，决心仅仅持续到晚餐的时候，“我”和哥哥又开始争论，故选A。
10．A．firework B．bed
C．table D．clock
答案：C　由语境可知，此处指晚餐时摆餐具，故选C。
11．A．accomplish B．design
C．create D．abandon
答案：A　新年决心是为了实现个人目标或改掉习惯而去做什么或不做什么，故A符合题意。
12．A．look forward to B．look back on
C．look down upon D．look out of
答案：B　分析后面的宾语是“the past year”，指过去的一年，即回顾过去的一年；对新的一年才用look forward to ．．． “期待，希望……”，故B符合题意。
13．A．improve B．enjoy
C．entertain D．relax
答案：A　分析句意可知，此处指新年伊始，努力提高自己，故选A。
14．A．habits B．places
C．countries D．traditions
答案：D　分析句意并结合选项可知，此处指新年决心像其他传统一样，故选D。
15．A．story B．meaning
C．history D．mystery
答案：C　由下一段中的第一句可知，此处指在新年来临前夕表达决心的传统有悠久的历史，故选C。
16．A．observed B．witnessed
C．fixed D．established
答案：A　本文主要讲述新年的庆祝，此处指巴比伦人在3月末，随着春季的来临庆祝新年的开始，observe “庆祝；欢度”，故选A。
17．A．requirements B．factors
C．rules D．choices
答案：D　本句中所举的例子针对新年决心提出了几个选择，故D符合题意。
18．A．slip up B．make up
C．turn up D．draw up
答案：A　要坚持新年决心是需要努力的。如果你有一两次疏忽，不要担心。slip up “疏忽”，故选A。
19．A．calm B．devoted
C．grateful D．enthusiastic
答案：B　由上文中对新年决心的解释可知，此处指倘若你专心于你想要实现的新年决心，故选B。
20．A．wealthier B．smarter
C．healthier D．better
答案：D　根据句意可知，如果你专心于你想要实现的新年决心，年底时，你会发现自己比年初更优秀。故选D。
Cloze 2
限时13分钟
Organizing a smooth journey takes a lot of planning． Just a bit of foresight will help you truly __1__ and enjoy what holidays have to offer．
Before you travel, you need to first __2__ your needs． Sit down together with the people with whom you will be traveling． What are the needs this trip __3__？ Rest, cultural discoveries, work, or sports? Then, set a(n) __4__ for yourself． Vacations that far exceed (超出) the money available will give you stress, which is __5__ to what you're looking for． __6__ think over all those important __7__ you need, and begin early the __8__ needed to obtain them before leaving． Whether it is your passport, an international driving license, traveler's checks, or train tickets, all these need time to be __9__ for．
During the journey, enjoy yourself! There are so many people who __10__ all that they've left back home． What can you do anyway, sitting on your island paradise (乐园)? You can solve problems, if any, when you __11__． Learn to awaken your __12__． Listen to new songs of birds． Touch the __13__ and warm sand． Watch a sunset splitting itself into all kinds of colors． Delight in the good __14__ of the food on your plate． __15__ every second available to you and consider yourself blessed to be there at that time．
If you were __16__ abroad, when you come back, visit your doctor without delay． Above all, don't __17__ the end of the holiday． That'll cause you to lose whatever good you got out of it． __18__ you were lucky to have had one, and continue to live a better life． __19__ is stopping you from choosing to continue life a little slower, a little __20__， and much happier!

1．A．study B．relax
C．hide D．understand
答案：B　结合下文语境可知，此处指如果你提前做好准备的话，你便会真正放松下来(relax)，好好享受假期给你带来的一切。故选B。
2．A．plan B．meet
C．list D．realize
答案：C　根据第3空所在句子及下一句可知，在旅行之前，你必须先列一个必需品清单。list your needs “列出你的需求”。故选C。
3．A．lies in B．calls for
C．results in D．waits for
答案：B　根据该空后的“Rest, cultural discoveries, work, or sports？”可知，此处意为“这次旅行需要满足什么需求？”call for意为“需要”，符合语境。lie in “在于”；result in “导致”；wait for “等候”。
4．A．budget B．order
C．date D．intention
答案：A　根据下文中的“Vacations that far exceed (超出) the money available will give you stress”可知，此处指应给自己做个预算(budget)。故选A。
5．A．sensitive B．opposite
C．similar D．obvious
答案：B　根据“give you stress”可知，这与你所想要的相反。句意：实际花费远远超过预算的假期将给你带来压力，这是与你期望的事情背道而驰的。sensitive “敏感的”；opposite “相反的”；similar “类似的”；obvious “明显的”。故只有opposite最符合语境。
6．A．Especially B．Therefore
C．Finally D．Still
答案：C　结合上下文可知，第二段介绍了三个在旅行前的注意事项，此前已经提出了两项(即列出必需品清单和做预算)，此处应是最后一项，所以选finally。
7．A．meetings B．tools
C．clothes D．documents
答案：D　根据下文中的“your passport, an international driving license, traveler's checks, or train tickets”可知，这些都是重要的证件，所以此处意为“好好考虑一下你需要哪些重要证件(documents)”，故选D。
8．A．steps B．movements
C．classes D．incidents
答案：A　根据语境可知，此处指为了得到下文所提到的重要证件所需要做的准备工作，故step “步骤”，符合语境。
9．A．paid B．applied
C．arranged D．begged
答案：C　句意：无论是你的护照、国际驾驶证、旅行支票，或者火车票，所有这些票证都需要时间来准备。arrange for意为“为……做准备”，符合语境，故选C。pay for “为……付钱；赔偿”；apply for “申请”；beg for “乞讨；乞求”，均不符合语境，可排除。
10．A．tell about B．worry about
C．talk about D．learn about
答案：B　结合本段的主题句“During the journey, enjoy yourself！”可知，此处作者是在陈述这样一个事实，即很多人虽然已经出去玩了，但却心神不安，还在为家里的一切担心(worry about)。故选B。
11．A．leave B．come
C．stay D．return
答案：D　这里表示如果有问题，你可以等到回来(return)时再解决。故选D。
12．A．emotions B．happiness
C．senses D．memory
答案：C　根据下文的“Listen”“Touch”和“Watch”可知，此处指唤醒一系列感觉(senses)，故选C。
13．A．soft B．wet
C．hot D．special
答案：A　根据常识并结合语境可知，沙子是柔软的，故选A。句意：抚摸柔软而温暖的沙子。
14．A．qualities B．tastes
C．designs D．feelings
答案：B　根据空格后的“the food on your plate”可知，此处指食物的味道(tastes)。故选B。
15．A．Make the most of B．Get prepared for
C．Be engaged in D．Get hold of
答案：A　句意：充分利用好可利用的每一秒，并为你此刻能在此地好好地享受一切而心存感激。make the most of “充分利用”；get prepared for “为……做准备”；be engaged in “从事于……”；get hold of “把握；得到”。根据句意可知，应选A。
16．A．nervous B．violent
C．ill D．sad
答案：C　根据后半句中的“visit your doctor without delay”可知，此处是指如果你在出国期间生病了(ill)。故选C。
17．A．judge B．affect
C．trust D．destroy
答案：D　句意：最重要的是，不要把假期的末尾破坏了。此处指不要因为生病而影响了旅行的心情。故选D。
18．A．Expect B．Admire
C．Admit D．Find
答案：C　根据语境可知，此处指你要承认很幸运能有这么一个假期，并继续更好地生活下去。故选C。
19．A．Everything B．Nothing
C．Anything D．Something
答案：B　根据语境可知，没有什么可以阻止你选择以一种慢节奏去继续生活。故B项符合语境。
20．A．calmer B．longer
C．harder D．wealthier
答案：A　根据空格前后的“slower”和“happier”可知，此处应填一个能体现美好的生活状态的词，calmer意为“平静的”，符合语境。故选A。
Cloze 3
限时14分钟
Communication is an important part of any relationship． Many of us are __1__ to share our experiences or emotions with our friends． But when it's our turn to lend a(n) __2__， we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to __3__ and offer advice．
That's because of what researchers call “listener burnout (精疲力竭)”． A friend might talk to us __4__， often complaining about the same __5__ problems． When we offer quick advice to __6__ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to __7__ ourselves from burnout． However, good listeners __8__ their natural tendency to solve the others' problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief．
To be a good __9__， you need to use “active listening”． It starts with the real __10__ to help others and think through their feelings． Don't __11__ things． You can start by putting your phone __12__ and sitting close to your friend． Let your facial expressions __13__ what he or she is saying． __14__ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other person's __15__ by reflecting them back：“That must be really hard for you．” Use __16__ words or even sounds such as “yes”， “right”，and “hmm” to __17__ the other person to continue．
Of course, a __18__ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical． But don't get defensive． Effective listeners don't __19__ negative criticism． Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey __20__ responding．

1．A．afraid B．hesitant
C．shy D．eager
答案：D　根据下一句中的关键信息“But ．．． bored or are short of ideas”可知，我们许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历或情感。be eager to do sth．“渴望做某事”。
2．A．shoulder B．hand
C．ear D．eye
答案：C　根据第二段中关键信息“listener burnout”可知，当我们要倾听时，会有不一样的反应。lend an ear为固定短语，意思为“倾听”，符合语境。
3．A．respond B．explain
C．argue D．quit
答案：A　根据下文的“and offer advice”可知，当我们作为倾听者时，对于如何作出反应(respond)和提供什么样的建议就没有了主意。
4．A．aimlessly B．endlessly
C．deliberately D．cautiously
答案：B　根据下文中的“often complaining”可知，朋友可能会经常无休止地对着我们抱怨老掉牙的问题。endlessly “无休止地”符合语境。
5．A．difficult B．old
C．acute D．sensitive
答案：B　由关键词often可知，应是同样的陈旧的问题。
6．A．fix B．discuss
C．create D．describe
答案：A　由上文的“offer quick advice”可知，应选fix，表示“解决”。
7．A．forgive B．protect
C．discourage D．prevent
答案：B　protect sb．/sth． from sth．表示“保护某人/某物免于某事”，符合语境。
8．A．follow B．display
C．form D．overcome
答案：D　然而，好的倾听者会克服(overcome)他们的自然倾向来迅速解决他人的问题。
9．A．reader B．partner
C．listener D．speaker
答案：C　由下文的“active listening”可知，此处指做一个好的倾听者(listener)需要积极地倾听他人诉说。
10．A．demand B．habit
C．desire D．ability
答案：C　根据上文“active listening”可知，好的倾听者开始时要有真正的要帮助别人的渴望(desire)，并认真考虑他们的感受。
11．A．skip B．rush
C．overlook D．postpone
答案：B　由前句中“think through their feelings”可知，作者建议倾听者不要断章取义，仓促做事。rush things表示“仓促做事”，符合语境。
12．A．away B．off
C．out D．up
答案：A　根据语境可知，既然要好好地倾听，那么就要把你的手机收起来(putting your phone away)，与下文“sitting close to your friend (紧挨着你朋友坐)”相呼应。
13．A．record B．restrict
C．reflect D．replace
答案：C　由第15空后的“by reflecting them back”可知，这里表示让你的面部表情表现出你是在对你朋友所说的话作出反应。
14．A．Whether B．Since
C．While D．If
答案：A　作为一个倾听者，不管(Whether)你是否能够完全理解对方，你都要对对方的感情作出回应。
15．A．suggestions B．purposes
C．responses D．feelings
答案：D　根据上文“and think through their feelings”可知，这里表示理解他人的感受(feelings)。故选D。
16．A．big B．tough
C．strong D．short
答案：D　由下文的“yes”，“right”和“hmm”可知，要用简短的(short)语言来鼓励他人继续说下去。
17．A．force B．remind
C．encourage D．convince
答案：C　这些简单的反应都是在鼓励(encourage)对方继续说下去。
18．A．conversation B．suggestion
C．problem D．lecture
答案：A　由第20空前的“what the person is trying to convey”及语境可知，这里说的是谈话(conversation)很难进行下去。
19．A．give up B．make up
C．leave out D．block out
答案：D　根据下文“Instead, they listen and understand”可推知，一个优秀的倾听者是不会规避负面评论的。block out “不去想；抹去”。
20．A．after B．before
C．while D．once
答案：B　根据语境可知，一个好的倾听者在回应之前会充分理解他人所要表达的意思，与上文“you are able to fully understand”呼应。故选B。
Cloze 4
限时13分钟
Eco­tourism involves people traveling to beautiful but environmentally sensitive places． Such trips are __1__ carried out with an experienced guide． Over recent years, this type of travel has been steadily gaining __2__ as more people search for new travel experiences．
Eco­tourism has many benefits． First, all the __3__ spent by the tourists is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit． Second, it helps __5__ to better understand the environment, thereby __6__ their knowledge of the world． Furthermore, this style of travel is also more __7__ of the local culture．
Compared to __8__ tourists, eco­tourists use energy more efficiently, save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to __9__ it． These behaviours have a __10__ and lasting effect on the local environment．
Two things are needed to make eco­tourism a(n) __11__． First, it should be done in small groups． And second, because it requires considerable effort, both eco­tourists and locals must be __12__ in their commitment to improving the environment．
Green travel provides local people with jobs in parks, __13__ and shops． One great achievement of eco­tourism has been the __14__ of illegal hunting． Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals __15__ in their natural surroundings． Green travel also __16__ local people's quality of life, especially children's．
Peru is one country using eco­tourism to promote respect for the __17__． It's now able to take better care of its rainforests because of a(n) __18__ on more sustainable (不破坏生态平衡的，可持续的) travel． __19__ this, local people's living standards have improved． Many others are now following Peru's __20__and using eco­tourism to preserve their environment for the future generations．

1．A．finally B．usually
C．suddenly D．roughly
答案：B　根据下文“Over recent years, this type of travel has been steadily gaining”可知，这样的旅行通常在有经验的导游的帮助下进行。故B项正确。
2．A．pleasure B．satisfaction
C．popularity D．freedom
答案：C　根据下文“more people search for new travel experiences”可知，更多的人寻求新的旅游体验，所以这种旅行受到大家的欢迎。故C项正确。
3．A．money B．time
C．energy D．effort
答案：A　根据下文“is used to __4__ the important environmental spots they visit”可知，游客所花的钱被用于重要的生态景点。故A项正确。
4．A．pollute B．protect
C．purchase D．explore
答案：B　根据语境并结合选项可知，既然是生态旅游，那么游客所花的钱是被用来保护生态景点。故B项正确。
5．A．scientists B．hunters
C．guides D．visitors
答案：D　根据常识可知，应该是生态旅游有助于游客更好地了解自然环境。故D项正确。
6．A．approving B．confirming
C．enriching D．supporting
答案：C　根据上文“better understand the environment, thereby”可知，生态旅游帮助游客更好地了解自然环境，因此能够丰富他们的知识。故C项正确。
7．A．respectful B．aware
C．uncertain D．independent
答案：A　根据上文可知，生态游帮助游客了解、保护自然环境，这对当地的文化是一种尊重。be respectful of sth． “尊重某物”，故A项正确。
8．A．rich B．curious
C．lazy D．normal
答案：D　根据空格前的“Compared to”及语境可知，此处指与平常的游客相比，生态旅游的游客能更有效地使用资源、节约用水等。故D项正确。
9．A．use B．recycle
C．copy D．restrict
答案：B　根据语境可知，他们想办法循环利用资源，目的是减少垃圾的产生。故B项正确。
10．A．challenging B．disappointing
C．positive D．risky
答案：C　根据上文及空格后的“lasting effect on the local environment”可知，这些行为对当地环境有积极持久的影响。故C项正确。
11．A．success B．adventure
C．tool D．symbol
答案：A　根据下文提到的两点可知，人们需要做到这两点才会让生态游成功。故A项正确。
12．A．polite B．sincere
C．doubtful D．grateful
答案：B　根据下文“their commitment to improving the environment”可知，既然是承诺改善环境，那么态度应该真诚。故B项正确。
13．A．mines B．factories
C．schools D．hotels
答案：D　根据常识并结合选项可知，生态旅游给当地人提供了在公园、宾馆和商店工作的机会。故D项正确。
14．A．ban B．result
C．decline D．appearance
答案：C　本段列举了生态旅游的好处。根据下文“Former hunters can now work as guides”可知，以前的狩猎者现在可以当导游，所以生态游的一个成就就是非法狩猎行为有所减少。故C项正确。
15．A．close B．safe
C．friendly D．active
答案：B　根据上文可知，生态游使非法狩猎行为减少了，以前的狩猎者现在当导游，这样有助于保证动物的安全。故B项正确。
16．A．influences B．examines
C．balances D．improves
答案：D　本段列举了生态旅游的好处。根据最后一段中的“local people's living standards have improved”可知，生态旅游也可以改善当地居民的生活质量。故D项正确。
17．A．environment B．law
C．economy D．hosts
答案：A　根据下文“following Peru's __20__ and using eco­tourism to preserve their environment”可知，秘鲁利用生态游来提高人们对环境的尊重意识。故A项正确。
18．A．effect B．theory
C．focus D．discussion
答案：C　根据语境可知，此处指秘鲁将重点放在可持续旅游上。A项意为“影响”；B项意为“理论”；C项意为“重点；焦点”；D项意为“讨论”。故C项正确。
19．A．But for B．According to
C．In spite of D．In addition to
答案：D　根据语境可知，此处指除了能更好地保护雨林之外，生态游还有一个优势，即提高了当地人的生活水平。A项意为“要不是”；B项意为“根据”；C项意为“尽管”；D项意为“除……之外”。故D项正确。
20．A．example B．rule
C．advice D．tradition
答案：A　根据语境可知，此处指许多国家都效仿秘鲁，利用生态游保护环境。follow one's example意为“效仿某人”，符合语境。故A项正确。

Cloze 1
限时12分钟
⊕(2019·浙江省“五校联考”第一次考试)During the early 1980s, I was a sales manager for a large training company． One of my __1__ was to train people on how to sell． I taught people that lack of time and opportunity were only excuses for not producing __2__．
My mother is a Greek immigrant with __3__ formal education． Her high point of each week was Sunday when she __4__ take an hour­long bus ride to church, where she and her friends would __5__ and exchange gossip and stories of their families．
When the committee members decided to __6__ money for a new Greek church, my mother jumped at the chance to __7__． Her plan was simple: talk to as many people as possible about buying tickets and make them feel __8__ if they didn't．
That was __9__ I came into the picture． She said I was a big shot and gave me ten booklets of ten tickets, each one worth one dollar, __10__ up to a total of $100． A week later, I showed up with the __11__ half． “I simply didn't have the time．” I __12__ to my mother．
“You either do something or you have all the __13__ why not，” my mother shot back and started to cry． I was __14__ and quickly agreed to buy the rest of my tickets myself． She stopped crying __15__ and said, “When you want something, then you do __16__ it takes to get the job done, even cry．” With a __17__ she said, “I knew that crying would work with you, and for being so sad with your excuses, here are ten more books．” As a sales manager, I paled by __18__． It __19__ that my mother sold 7,000 tickets, 200 ahead of the second．
I learned a new level of distinction between __20__ and results． Soon afterwards, I quit my job and started my own business, training people in time management．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者的母亲为了给教堂筹集资金，让作者买下100张票，但当作者以没时间交还剩下的一半票时，作者的妈妈竟然以哭作为手段让儿子答应自己的要求，并告诉作者为了目的可以“不择手段”(即让对方内疚)，这让作者深受启发，从而辞职自己开始创业。
1．A．majors B．professions
C．responsibilities D．careers
答案：C　句意：上世纪80年代初，我是一家大型培训公司的销售经理。我的责任之一是培训人们如何销售。根据语境可知，本空应该是“职责”，故选C项。
2．A．results B．changes
C．chances D．effects
答案：A　本句是“我教育人们说没有时间和机会仅仅是没有产生结果的借口”，因此本句是指不作为的结果(results)的借口，而且最后一段第一句“I learned a new level of distinction between __20__ and results．”是提示，因此选A。
3．A．much B．little
C．adequate D．improper
答案：B　由设空处下一句可知，作者的妈妈每周最大的事情就是周末去教堂跟朋友闲聊，可推断她几乎没有受过什么正规教育，故B项正确。
4．A．would B．should
C．could D．might
答案：A　would “总是”；should “理应；应该”；could “可能”；might “也许”。根据下一句“where she and her friends would __5__”可知，本小题指的是过去的习惯，“总是做某事”，故选A项。
5．A．hang up B．catch up
C．take up D．break up
答案：B　hang up “挂断电话；拖延”；catch up “朋友小聚”；take up “占据；从事”；break up “结束；使破碎”。根据语境可知，作者的母亲总是在周末坐一小时的公交车去教堂，和她的朋友聚在一起，叙旧聊天，故选B项。
6．A．donate B．save
C．earn D．raise
答案：D　donate “捐赠；捐献”； save “节约；挽救”；earn “获得；赢得”；raise “举起；抬高；筹集；抚养”。根据上下文的内容可知是“筹集资金”，raise money意为“筹集资金”，故选D项。
7．A．create B．take
C．participate D．struggle
答案：C　create “创造”；take “拿；取；耗费”；participate “参加；参与”；struggle “努力；挣扎”。本句是指“当委员会成员决定为一座新希腊教堂募捐时，我母亲欣然参与”，jump at the chance to do “(急切地)抓住机会做某事”，故选C项。
8．A．upset B．touched
C．depressed D．guilty
答案：D　upset “心烦的”；touched “受感动的”；depressed “情绪低落的；沮丧的”；guilty “内疚的；有罪的”。根据句意：她的计划很简单：说服尽可能多的人购买门票，如果他们不买的话，让他们感到内疚(guilty)。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
9．A．what B．where
C．how D．whether
答案：B　根据语境可知，母亲为教堂筹钱的计划简单，就是让尽可能多的人购票。后句句意：她说我是个大人物，给了我十本每本十张票的小册子，每一张价值一美元。可推断出，这正是“我”被牵涉进来的地方，就是让“我”买100张票。where引导名词性从句作表语，故选B项。
10．A．adding B．taking
C．looking D．living
答案：A　本句说这些票合计达100 美元。add up to ．．．为固定搭配，意为“合计达……”，故选A项。
11．A．left B．existing
C．sold D．remaining
答案：D　left “剩下的”；existing “目前的；现存的”；sold “被卖出的”；remaining “剩下的”。句意：一个星期后，我拿着剩下的一半票出现了。left与remaining都表示“剩下的”，但left表“剩下的”时，一般作后置定语，即with the half left；而remaining表“剩下的”时，一般作前置定语，即with the remaining half，故选D项。
12．A．replied B．suggested
C．explained D．applied
答案：C　句意：我向妈妈解释。explain sth．to sb．为固定搭配，意为“向某人解释某事”，因此选C项。
13．A．excuses B．reasons
C．causes D．clues
答案：A　本句句意：你要么做事，要么你有一切不做事的借口。第一段最后一句有提示，分析选项：excuse “借口”；reason “理由”；cause “起因”；clue “线索”。可知A项正确。
14．A．annoyed B．shocked
C．delighted D．relieved
答案：B　annoyed “恼怒的；气恼的”；shocked “惊愕的；受震惊的”；delighted “高兴的；欣喜的”；relieved “放心的；宽慰的”。根据语境(作者的妈妈开始哭了，作者马上答应买下剩下的票)可知妈妈的哭泣让作者感到惊愕(shocked)，故选B项。
15．A．gradually B．occasionally
C．eventually D．instantly
答案：D　gradually “渐渐地；缓慢地”；occasionally “偶尔；间或”；eventually “最终”；instantly “立即；马上”。根据句意可知，作者一答应买下剩下的一半票，妈妈立即(instantly)不哭了，故选D项。
16．A．however B．whenever
C．whatever D．whichever
答案：C　however “然而；不管怎样”； whenever “无论何时”；whatever “无论什么”；whichever “无论哪一个”。分析句子“then you do __16__ it takes to get the job done”可知，设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作takes的宾语，意为“无论什么”，故选C项。
17．A．smile B．tear
C．sob D．pain
答案：A　作者的妈妈用哭泣让作者买了另一半的票，目的达到，她是高兴的，所以会带着微笑(smile)和作者说话，故选A项。
18．A．defeat B．comparison
C．failure D．disadvantage
答案：B　本句是说，“我”作为一个销售经理，与母亲为达目的“不择手段”相比(comparison)黯然失色，故选B项。
19．A．worked up B．turned in
C．turned out D．worked out
答案：C　分析语境可知结果是(turned out)“我”妈妈卖了7,000张票，比第二名多卖了200张票，故选C项。
20．A．time B．courage
C．performance D．efforts
答案：A　文章第一段最后一句说“没有做事时不要以没有时间作借口”。当作者拿着剩下的一半票给妈妈时，他以没有时间为借口。最后一句中的“training people in time management”，综上所述，本空填time，故选A项。
Cloze 2
限时12分钟
(2019·陕西咸阳高三质检)Listening to fish is a good way to get to know them． Hundreds, if not thousands, of fish species make __1__．
Scientists launched an experiment to __2__ deep­sea fishes． They handed the devices over to fishers, who __3__ them into an underwater valley more than 600 meters deep． Twenty­four hours later, the scientists took them back to the __4__ for a listen．
Those recordings proved the deep sea is anything but __5__． The scientists reported hearing a wealth of biological sounds． Sounds of whales, as well as dolphins __6__ in the recording． In addition, the researchers heard a variety of __7__ sounds． At least some of these came from fish．
Fishers have reported hearing fish sounds __8__ the sea for hundreds of years． Listening to fish in their home habitat can provide scientists with a lot of information without __9__ the animals． Sounds can __10__ where fish are living without catching them in nets．To know where fish spawn, for example, scientists often have to catch, kill or annoy fish in their __11__． A researcher who __12__ the sound of the mating call of a certain fish, on the other hand, can know just by listening __13__ that fish reproduces．
“If you know what a fish sound is, then you have a really __14__ tool，” researcher Rountree says． “Once you know a number of __15__ sounds, you can do a census based on the sounds．”
Because so few studies have been done, in­depth studies of fish sounds __16__ the promise of many new discoveries． “__17__ makes my day，” he says． “This is a huge area we don't know anything about． It just __18__ out to me, and I've got to go and find out． Anyone who's interested can get involved __19__． You can go almost anywhere, like local ponds, lakes and rivers, and be the first person to __20__ a fish sound, and the first person to describe it．”

1．A．risks B．sounds
C．mistakes D．friends
答案：B　根据首句中的“Listening to fish is a good way”可知，很多鱼能够发出声音。
2．A．listen to B．look for
C．watch over D．get through
答案：A　结合前面的“Scientists launched an experiment to”和本段最后的“．．． for a listen”可知，科学家进行实验听鱼发出的声音。
3．A．flew B．divided
C．fixed D．dropped
答案：D　根据后面的“them into an underwater valley more than 600 meters deep”可知，这些科学家会把这些设备送到600米深的水里。drop “把某物送至某处”符合前后语境。
4．A．lab B．home
C．ship D．surface
答案：A　结合前面的“Twenty­four hours later, the scientists took them back”可知，科学家们把这些设备拿到实验室去倾听，进行研究。
5．A．dangerous B．silent
C．dark D．cold
答案：B　根据前面的“Those recordings proved the deep sea is anything but”及下文的“a wealth of biological sounds”可知，这些录制的东西证明深海一点也不安静。
6．A．gave away B．set up
C．turned up D．sent off
答案：C　结合空格前面的“Sounds of whales, as well as dolphins”和空格后面的“in the recording”可知，这些录制的材料中出现了鲸鱼和海豚的声音。
7．A．sweet B．rough
C．unknown D．sharp
答案：C　与前面的“whales”和“dolphins”对比可知，还有一些未知的声音。
8．A．of B．at
C．on D．from
答案：D　根据空格前面的“Fishers have reported hearing fish sounds”和后面的“the sea for hundreds of years”可知，几百年来，渔民们听到来自大海的鱼声。
9．A．raising B．disturbing
C．approaching D．training
答案：B　根据第10空所在句子中的“without catching them in nets”可知，这样听鱼的声音，不会干扰其他动物的生活。
10．A．expose B．follow
C．mean D．ensure
答案：A　结合后面的“where fish are living without catching them in nets”可知，这些声音能够揭示这些鱼居住在哪里，而不必用网逮住它们。
11．A．favour B．action
C．environment D．life
答案：C　根据前面的“To know where fish spawn, for example, scientists often have to catch, kill or annoy fish”可知，为了了解鱼的生产等，科学家们常常需要在它们的生存环境中逮捕、杀死或者惊扰鱼类等。
12．A．records B．identifies
C．produce D．make
答案：B　根据后面的“the sound of the mating call of a certain fish”可知，这些人们可以辨识某种鱼交配的声音。
13．A．where B．how
C．why D．when
答案：A　由上文可知，此处指科学研究人员仅仅从鱼发出的声音就可以判断鱼在哪儿生产。
14．A．expensive B．magical
C．valuable D．necessary
答案：C　根据第15空所在句子中的“you can do a census based on the sounds”可知，此处指有价值的工具。
15．A．bird B．fish
C．wave D．sailor
答案：B　上文反复地提到了fish的声音，因此这里表示听鱼的声音。
16．A．change B．destroy
C．keep D．offer
答案：D　根据前面的“Because so few studies have been done”可知，对于鱼发出声音的研究很少，因此这个深入的研究为更多新发现的诞生带来了希望。
17．A．Discovery B．Disappointment
C．Regret D．Worry
答案：A　与前面的“many new discoveries”呼应，指新发现让“我”非常快活。make sb．'s day “使某人一天非常快活”。
18．A．turns B．swims
C．cries D．sets
答案：C　It指代前面的huge area，且由后面的“I've got to go find out”可知，此处指这一领域在召唤“我”。
19．A．secretly B．actively
C．slightly D．rarely
答案：B　根据语境可知，那些对此有兴趣的人都可以积极地参与这个实验项目。
20．A．hear B．make
C．copy D．reduce
答案：A　结合后面的“a fish sound, and the first person to describe it”可知，此处指第一个听见鱼声音的人，成为第一个描绘鱼声音的人。
Cloze 3
限时12分钟
(2019·福建福州龙泰一中高三自考)In many movies and books set in the future, robots can fly spaceships, work as maids or butlers, and even act as police officers．
The 5­foot, 300­pound “K5” robots are part of a trial program to __1__ a machine's ability to perform the duties of a safety officer． The robots are __2__ with HD security cameras, sensors, alarms, etc． In addition, they have an artificial intelligence system that will __3__ a human security guard if the robots notice anything unusual．
The robots' __4__ can also analyze faces and read license plates． The robots can check whether a plate __5__ belongs to a stolen vehicle． Plus, the robots' onboard cameras are able to __6__ good quality video in low­light conditions．
The K5 is able to __7__ through its environment by using GPS as well as an internal navigation system． Each time the K5 is brought to a __8__ place, a human uses a wireless controller to __9__ the robot around the area． This helps the K5 “learn” about its __10__．
“You give it a base map and then it starts __11__ from that，” says Stacy Stephens, the co­founder of Knightscope．
Unlike humans, the K5 security guards don't need __12__—they can work almost 24 hours a day． The robots run on rechargeable batteries, and a single __13__ lasts 24 hours． If a robot notices that its battery is getting __14__， it will return to a charging port and plug itself __15__． It takes only 15－20 minutes for it to fully recharge, so the K5s are not out of __16__ for long．
The robots don't carry weapons, but it's still not a good idea to __17__ with them． An ear­piercing alarm will sound __18__ the K5 is detained for more than a few minutes．
“Because they are designed to do the kind of work a human security guard would __19__ do, the robots take away the repetitive and sometimes __20__ guard work，” Stephens explains．

1．A．improve B．change
C．influence D．test
答案：D　根据前面的“a trial program to”和后面的“a machine's ability”可知，这个项目是验证机器履行安全员职责的能力。
2．A．equipped B．furnished
C．fixed D．decorated
答案：A　结合后面的“with HD security cameras, sensors, alarms, etc”可知，这些机器人装备了高清安全摄像机、传感器、警报器等。
3．A．approach B．warn
C．represent D．defend
答案：B　结合后面的“a human security guard if the robots notice anything unusual”可知，如果有异常情况，机器人就提醒安保员。
4．A．surface B．mind
C．software D．head
答案：C　结合前面的“they have an artificial intelligence system”可知，机器人“K5”的软件可以识别面孔和汽车的牌照。
5．A．number B．size
C．shape D．weight
答案：A　结合空格前面的“The robots can check whether a plate”和后面的“belongs to a stolen vehicle”可知，机器人“K5”能够核对牌照的数字是否属于一辆被盗的车。
6．A．keep B．gather
C．watch D．record
答案：D　根据空前的“cameras”和后面的“good quality video in low­light conditions”可知，机器人“K5”可以录制高清视频。
7．A．go B．move
C．see D．look
答案：B　根据后面的“through its environment by using GPS as well as an internal navigation system”可知，机器人“K5”可以利用GPS和内部的导航系统进行活动。
8．A．distant B．busy
C．new D．clean
答案：C　结合后面的“the robot around the area”可知，把机器人“K5”带到一个新的地方。
9．A．guide B．show
C．carry D．transport
答案：A　根据空格前面的“a human uses a wireless controller”和后面的“the robot around the area”可知，人们可以使用无线遥控指导机器人。
10．A．gestures B．signals
C．behaviors D．surroundings
答案：D　与前面的“a __8__ place”呼应，指机器人“K5”可以了解自己周围的环境。
11．A．escaping B．suffering
C．building D．learning
答案：C　结合前面的“You give it a base map and then”可知，人们给机器人“K5”一个基本的地图，然后它就可以自己在这个基础上构建周围的情况。
12．A．meals B．breaks
C．rewards D．repairs
答案：B　根据后面的“they can work almost 24 hours a day”可知，它可以连续工作，所以不需要休息。
13．A．charge B．duty
C．task D．activity
答案：A　根据前面的“The robots run on rechargeable batteries”可知，充一次电可以持续工作24个小时。
14．A．old B．bad
C．low D．poor
答案：C　根据后面的“it will return to a charging port”可知，此处指如果它的电量不足。
15．A．in B．away
C．out D．off
答案：A　结合前面的“it will return to a charging port and plug itself”可知，电快要没的时候，它就自己回到充电的地方，自己充电。plug sth． in “给……接通电源”。
16．A．order B．work
C．control D．service
答案：D　根据前面的“It takes only 15－20 minutes for it to fully recharge”可知，它充电很快，因此它暂停服务的时间很短。
17．A．play B．mess
C．struggle D．deal
答案：B　结合前面的“The robots don't carry weapons, but it's still not a good idea”和后面的“with them”可知，现在让这个机器人携带武器是不合适的。mess with ．．． “卷入(有害的事)”。
18．A．though B．unless
C．as D．if
答案：D　根据后面的“the K5 is detained for more than a few minutes”可知，如果机器人“K5”被困超过几分钟的话，就会发出警报。
19．A．normally B．safely
C．fearfully D．occasionally
答案：A　根据本句中的“the repetitive and sometimes __20__ guard work”可知，一个普通的安全人员通常做的事情。
20．A．peaceful B．dangerous
C．hopeful D．energetic
答案：B　指机器人“K5”替普通保安人员做一些重复性的、危险的工作。
Cloze 4
限时10分钟
⊕(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)There is a good chance that you have played Monopoly． __1__ you have not played this board game, a quick __2__ is in order． At the start of the game all the players are __3__ some fake cash． __4__ every player gets to roll the dice to move around the board． When the dice lands on a property on the board they can __5__ it if it is not already owned． But if it is already owned by another player they have to pay rent to the __6__． The more properties you own the more rent you __7__． The aim of the game is to __8__ the entire economy． The game ends when the “monopolist (垄断者)” owns __9__ and all other players are driven into bankruptcy (破产)．
Over the years this game has come to be seen by many __10__ as a good game to “teach” children __11__ knowledge． It not only helps children understand how the world of money __12__， but also “teaches” them skills to negotiate and make tough decisions—__13__ life skills, in today's __14__ world．
What might __15__ you is that __16__ this game is called Monopoly, it was called The Landlord's Game． The game designer Elizabeth Magie had almost the __17__ vision of what the game has now come to be． She wanted to __18__ the game to teach the __19__ of the cruel capitalism (资本主义)．
Perhaps when you play this game next time, you will think __20__ before making your best friend totally bankrupt．

1．A．In case B．As if
C．If only D．Even though
答案：A　根据下文介绍大富翁游戏的步骤可推知，以防(in case)你没有玩过这个大富翁游戏，一个快捷的(游戏)说明(explanation)是适宜的。as if “似乎；好像”；if only “但愿”；even though “即使”。
2．A．response B．recovery
C．example D．explanation
答案：D　参见上题解析。response “回答”；recovery “恢复”；example “例子”。
3．A．paid B．given
C．shown D．returned
答案：B　根据大富翁游戏的规则，一开始的时候，玩游戏的人被给予(given)一些假的现金。pay “付款”；show “展示”；return “归还”。
4．A．Still B．Then
C．Finally D．Perhaps
答案：B　根据上文的“At the start of”可知，此处表示“接下来”。then “接下来；然后”，符合语境。still “仍然”；finally “最后”；perhaps “可能”，故选B项。
5．A．buy B．earn
C．pick D．borrow
答案：A　根据上文中的“some fake cash”和空后的“if it is not already owned”可推知，如果这个房产不属于其他人，你可以买(buy)下它。earn “获得”；pick “捡起”； borrow “借”。
6．A．owner B．organizer
C．starter D．designer
答案：A　根据空前的“if it is already owned by another player”可知，如果这处房产被其他人拥有，就必须给拥有这个房产的人租金。owner “所有者”，符合语境。organizer “组织者”；starter “参赛人；发令员”；designer “设计者”。
7．A．owe B．afford
C．reduce D．collect
答案：D　根据空前的“The more properties you own”可知，你拥有的房产越多，你收(collect)的租金就越多。owe “负债”；afford “提供”；reduce “减少”。
8．A．ruin B．study
C．control D．develop
答案：C　根据该句“The aim of the game is to __8__ the entire economy．”和上文讲的游戏规则可推知，游戏的目的是控制(control)整个经济。ruin “毁坏”； study “学习”；develop “发展”。
9．A．nothing B．anything
C．something D．everything
答案：D　根据空后的“and all other players are driven into bankruptcy(破产)”可知，游戏以垄断者拥有所有的财产，其他人全部破产而结束，故选D项。
10．A．adults B．children
C．merchants D．games
答案：A　根据本段内容及空后的“as a good game to ‘teach’ children”可知，成年人(adults)通过这个游戏教孩子金融方面的知识。
11．A．detailed B．advanced
C．financial D．political
答案：C　参见上题解析。detailed “细致的”；advanced “先进的”；financial “金融的”； political “政治的”。下文中的“the world of money”也是信息提示。
12．A．changes B．operates
C．begins D．ends
答案：B　根据上下文可知，大富翁游戏让孩子们知道金钱的世界是如何运作的。operate “运作”，符合语境。change “改变”；begin “开始”；end “结束”。
13．A．original B．urgent
C．necessary D．related
答案：C　根据空前的“skills to negotiate and make tough decisions”可知，这些是必要的(necessary)生活技能。original “最初的”；urgent “紧急的”；related “相关的”。
14．A．new B．digital
C．strange D．competitive
答案：D　根据上下文及常识可知，当今的世界是一个竞争的(competitive)世界。new “新的”；digital “数字的”；strange “奇怪的”。
15．A．annoy B．attract
C．satisfy D．surprise
答案：D　可能使你惊讶的是这个游戏在叫大富翁之前，被称为地主游戏。surprise “使惊奇”，符合语境。annoy “使恼怒”；attract “吸引”；satisfy “使满意”。
16．A．once B．before
C．though D．because
答案：B　参见上题解析。
17．A．double B．unique
C．opposite D．same
答案：C　根据上下文可知，游戏的设计者本来是用这个游戏让人们知道残酷的资本主义的危险，而现在却被用来教导孩子们金融知识，甚至谈判技能，故此处表示迥然不同的(opposite)构想。double “双的”；unique “独特的”；same “同样的”。
18．A．use B．win
C．host D．accept
答案：A　参见上题解析。use “用”；win “赢得”；host “主持”；accept “接受”，故选A项。
19．A．future B．dangers
C．inventions D．importance
答案：B　参见17题解析。future “将来”；danger “危险”；invention “发明”；importance “重要”，故选B项。
20．A．casually B．simply
C．carefully D．independently
答案：C　根据上文残酷的资本主义的危险可知，在让你的好朋友完全破产前要仔细思考。carefully “小心地；仔细地”，符合语境。casually “随便地”；simply “只不过；仅仅”；independently “独立地”。