高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题二语法运用 考点十四　短文改错 Word版含解析

这是一份高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题二语法运用 考点十四　短文改错 Word版含解析，共68页。试卷主要包含了r→and　考查连词，删除nt　考查连词，life→lives　考查名词，us→them　考查代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点十四　短文改错


　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　


Passage 1
限时7分钟
Do you believe love is the most important? In the early twenty century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in that they received little love． At one time, Dr Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage or had a young girl look them each day． He also studied another twelve children who are left in the orphanage all day long． He followed these children not until they grew up, and the results were shocked． The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses． However, the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and independently． The only difference between the life of these children—the love, made a great difference to us．
答案：
Do you believe love is the most important? In the early century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in they received little love． At one time, Dr Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage had a young girl look them each day． He also studied another twelve children who left in the orphanage all day long． He followed these children until they grew up, and the results were ． The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses． However, the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and ． The only difference between the of these children—the love, made a great difference to ．
1．twenty→twentieth　考查数词。表示二十世纪，不用基数词要用序数词，故将twenty改为twentieth。
2．that→which　考查定语从句。句中包含定语从句，修饰先行词orphanages，关系词在定语从句中作状语，表地点，故定语从句用“介词＋which”引导，相当于where，故将that改为which。
3．or→and　考查连词。此处指Dr Skeels从孤儿院领出了12个孩子，并且让一个年轻女孩照顾他们。前后句是并列关系，不是转折，故将or改为and。
4．look后加after　考查动词短语。此处表示照顾，是look after，故look后加after。
5．are→were　考查动词的时态。此处指被留在孤儿院的另外12个孩子，故事发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故将are改为were。
6．删除not　考查连词。until “直到……时”，not until “直到……才”，此处指他密切关注这些孩子直到他们长大，根据句意删除not。
7．shocked→shocking　考查形容词。此处表示结果是令人震惊的，用shocking。
8．independently→independent　考查形容词。此处作系动词were的表语，和and前的形容词healthy并列，也用形容词，故将independently改为independent。
9．life→lives　考查名词。此处指这些被调查的孩子的生活，用复数形式。故将life改为lives。
10．us→them　考查代词。此处指代these children，用they的宾格，故将us改为them。
Passage 2
限时7分钟
Dear Tom，
We're so glad you're coming to join us on Saturday． Here is what you can find us． We'll have our picnic in the People's Park． You know where it is, isn't you? After you entered the park by the main gate, walk straightly on till you come to a stream． Cross the stream and turning right． After walking for a while and you'll come to a hill． Walk around to other side of the hill． There you'll see a lake． We'll have our picnic here in the small wood by the lake． I'm sure that you'll have no trouble finding us． Looking forward to you arrival．
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Tom，
We're so glad you're coming to join us on Saturday． Here is you can find us． We'll have our picnic in the People's Park． You know where it is, you? After you the park by the main gate, walk on till you come to a stream． Cross the stream and right． After walking for a while you'll come to a hill． Walk around to other side of the hill． There you'll see a lake． We'll have our picnic in the small by the lake． I'm sure that you'll have no trouble finding us． Looking forward to arrival．
Yours，
Li Hua
1．what→how　考查表语从句的连接词。表语从句中缺少状语，并且表方式，故把what变成how，意为“如何”。
2．isn't→don't　考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的附加部分应与前面的陈述的主句保持一致，此处应借用助动词do来构成反意疑问句的附加部分。
3．entered→enter　考查动词的时态。本文通篇用一般现在时，故应保持时态一致。
4．straightly→straight　考查副词。straight形容词和副词同形，故副词形式为straight。
5．turning→turn　考查祈使句。与前面的cross并列，故应用动词原形。
6．去掉and　考查句式结构。本句是一个简单句，介词after引导时间状语，无须再加连词。
7．other前加the　考查冠词。the other side of the hill “山的另一边”。
8．here→there　考查here/there的区别。与前一句中的“there”呼应，且此处表远指，应用there。
9．wood→woods　考查名词。指“树林”时，应用名词wood的复数形式woods。
10．you→your　考查代词。修饰限定arrival，应用形容词性物主代词your。
Passage 3
限时6分钟
Dear Ginni，
How are you getting on these days?
I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots (结) for me． I make them myself with red silk thread, cloth and some other materials． They look real beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long or 4 inches wide． In China, this knots stand for friendship, love and good lucky． People can either give them as gifts for friends or hang them in their houses． They are only 12．99 dollars every．
If anyone wants to know more about knots, let them write to me． Also, do let me know if you are need further information．
Thank you!
Zhang Lin
答案：
Dear Ginni，
How are you getting on these days?
I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots (结) for me． I them myself with red silk ， cloth and some other materials． They look beautiful in the shape of a diamond, about 5 inches long 4 inches wide． In China, knots stand for friendship, love and good ． People can either give them as gifts friends or hang them in their houses． They are only 12．99 dollars ．
If anyone wants to know more about knots, let them write to me． Also, do let me know if you need further information．
Thank you!
Zhang Lin
1．make→made　考查动词的时态。句意：我想知道你是否能为我卖一些中国结。我用红丝线、布和一些其他材料制作了一些中国结。制作中国结是过去的行为，故该句要用一般过去时。故将make改为made。
2．thread→threads　考查名词。thread意为“线”，是可数名词，该处应用名词的复数形式。
3．real→really　考查副词。修饰形容词beautiful用副词。
4．or→and　考查连词。这些中国结大约长5英寸，宽4英寸。长和宽是并列关系，不是选择关系，故应将or改为and。
5．this→these　考查指示代词。this指“这个”；these指“这些”。该处指上文提到的这些中国结，故将this改为these。
6．lucky→luck　考查名词。作介词for的宾语应用名词。故将形容词lucky改为luck。
7．for→to　考查介词。give sth． to sb． 意为“给某人某物”，是固定短语。故改为to。
8．every→each　考查不定代词。句意：它们每个售价只有12．99美元。当人或物作为个体看待时，应用each，且在本句中意为“每个，各”，故将every改为each。
9．knots前加the　考查冠词。该处特指上文提到的中国结。故要在knots前加the。
10．去掉are　考查动词的语态。句意：如果你需要进一步的信息，一定让我知道。主语you和need之间是主动关系，故应将are去掉。
Passage 4
限时8分钟
Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream． Some mentioned the inspired Chinese Dream that was put forward by President Xi． And others talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream． We are all believe that this dream will come true in the future． I also talked about my own dream． I had always wanted to be a doctor． Not only can doctors save people's life but they also are doing a respectably job． Doctors can also help people to live a better life without their professional knowledge． To realize my dream, I should try to work hardly from now on． I must learn as much as I can get into a good medical college, which I can prepare myself fully for the job of a doctor．
答案：
Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream． Some mentioned the Chinese Dream that was put forward by President Xi． And others talked enthusiastically about understanding of the Chinese Dream． We all believe that this dream will come true in the future． I also talked about my own dream． I always wanted to be a doctor． Not only can doctors save people's but they also are doing a job． Doctors can also help people to live a better life their professional knowledge． To realize my dream, I should try to work from now on． I must learn as much as I can get into a good medical college, I can prepare myself fully for the job of a doctor．
1．inspired→inspiring　考查形容词。inspired为由过去分词转化来的形容词，inspiring为由现在分词转化来的形容词，本句中，inspire和Chinese Dream之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词转化来的形容词作定语，故把inspired改为inspiring。
2．his→their　考查代词。分析句子可知，是其他人热情地谈论了他们(their)对中国梦的理解，而不是他的(his)。故把his改为their。
3．去掉are　考查动词。本句中的主语是we，谓语动词是believe，所以are是多余的。而且从语法的角度来说，are后不能直接跟动词原形。故去掉are。
4．had→have　考查动词的时态。本句意是说“我一直想成为一名医生”，应该用现在完成时，而不是过去完成时，故把had改为have。
5．life→lives　考查名词。分析句子可知，本句说作为医生是能挽救许多人的性命。表示“生命” life为可数名词。故把life改为lives。
6．respectably→respectable　考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处需要修饰名词，所以不能用副词，而要用形容词，意为“令人尊敬的”，故把respectably改为respectable。
7．without→with　考查介词。根据句意可知，本句指的是医生也可以用专业知识帮助人们过上更好的生活。而without意为“没有，无”，因此改为with。
8．hardly→hard　考查副词。work hard意为“努力工作”，其中hard意为“努力地”。而hardly意为“几乎不，简直不”。故把hardly改为hard。
9．can后加to　考查动词不定式作目的状语。分析句子可知，“我”必须尽“我”所能，以便上一所好的医学院。因此can后缺少动词不定式符号to。故在can后加to。
10．which→where　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，本句中“a good medical college”为先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语，且表示地点。故把which改为where。
Passage 5
限时7分钟
The environment pollution is more and more seriously today． We have no clean water to drink it because of water pollution． And when trees cut down, some animals disappear． There was more and more dirty smoke in the air． People's health has been greatly affecting by air, noise and water pollution． Many people have died of disease caused by pollution． In order to live the better life, it's time for us to protect our world．
Firstly, we shouldn't throw away rubbish everywhere． And we should recycle, reduce and reuse things, what saves money and reduces pollution． Use things so long as possible． Don't use plastic bags． Besides, we must plant more trees and stop people cut them down． We hope our world will be more and more beautiful．
答案：
The environment pollution is more and more today． We have no clean water to drink because of water pollution． And when trees cut down, some animals disappear． There more and more dirty smoke in the air． People's health has been greatly by air, noise and water pollution． Many people have died of caused by pollution． In order to live better life, it's time for us to protect our world．
Firstly, we shouldn't throw away rubbish everywhere． And we should recycle, reduce and reuse things, saves money and reduces pollution． Use things long as possible． Don't use plastic bags． Besides, we must plant more trees and stop people them down． We hope our world will be more and more beautiful．
1．seriously→serious　考查形容词。作表语应用形容词。
2．去掉it　考查动词不定式作后置定语。“have no clean water to drink”中drink的宾语是“no clean water”，故it多余，需删除。
3．trees后加are　考查动词的语态。因两句话中出现了连词when，故前后两句话必须有主语和谓语动词，故用are cut down作谓语，表被动。
4．was→is　考查动词的时态。上下文时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时。
5．affecting→affected　考查动词的语态。此处指人类健康受到影响，故应用被动语态。
6．disease→diseases　考查名词。diseases指“多种疾病”。
7．the→a　考查冠词。这里表示泛指，意为“过更好的生活”，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，故将the改为a。
8．what→which　考查定语从句的引导词。what不能用来引导定语从句，只能用来引导名词性从句，在定语从句中，指代前面的内容，表示“这一点，这件事”，并且是非限制性定语从句，应用which来引导。
9．so→as　考查固定结构。as＋形容词/副词原级＋as，在否定句中可把第一个as换成so，但是其他情况下不能把as换成so。
10．cut→cutting　考查非谓语动词。stop sb． (from) doing sth． “阻止某人做某事”。
Passage 6
限时7分钟
Daniel was born with a brain disorder． Because of it, he was differently from other children． As a boy, he likes to play alone and acted strangely． To many of his classmate, Daniel seemed unusual and we laughed at him． This hurt Daniel deeply, but he became very shy． As a teenager, things were changed． Daniel found he could solve difficult maths problems almost instantly． He also discovered other talent: he could learn to speak a language very quickly． Today, he is fluent in twelfth languages． As adult, Daniel has overcome his shyness． He has written two books and now he travels constantly to talk to people with his life．
答案：
Daniel was born with a brain disorder． Because of it, he was from other children． As a boy, he to play alone and acted strangely． To many of his ， Daniel seemed unusual and laughed at him． This hurt Daniel deeply, he became very shy． As a teenager, things changed． Daniel found he could solve difficult maths problems almost instantly． He also discovered talent: he could learn to speak a language very quickly． Today, he is fluent in languages． As adult, Daniel has overcome his shyness． He has written two books and now he travels constantly to talk to people his life．
1．differently→different　考查形容词。 结合前面的系动词was可知，此处是be different from “与……不同”，故改为形容词different作表语。
2．likes→liked　考查动词的时态。综合全文，讲述过去的事情即介绍Daniel还是小男孩时的情况，因此此处应该为一般过去时，故将likes改为liked。
3．classmate→classmates　考查名词。结合前面的many可知，后面的名词应该是复数形式，故将classmate改为classmates。
4．we→they　考查代词。结合语境，此处表示他的很多同学嘲笑他，因此此处属于人称指代错误，故将we改为they。
5．but→so/and　考查连词。根据语境，此处表示由于这深深伤害了他，因此他变得很害羞，同学们嘲笑Daniel让Daniel很受伤和Daniel变得很害羞这两件事并不是转折关系，而是因果或并列关系，因此把but改成so/and。
6．删除were　考查动词的语态。根据语境，此处表示事情发生了变化，是一种主动的行为，故将were删除。
7．other→another　考查限定词。other后加可数名词复数形式，而且talent后有一个冒号，在解释说明talent的内容，他能够很快地学会一门新语言。这是一种技能，是除了“他能很快解决数学难题”外的“另一”技能，故把other改成another。
8．twelfth→twelve　考查数词。结合语境，此处表示他已经能够很流利地说12种语言了，此处表示数量，而不是第十二种语言，因此将twelfth改为twelve。
9．adult前加an　考查冠词。结合语境，adult是可数名词，而且根据前文“as a boy”， “as a teenager”可知，这里是as an adult。此处表示作为一个成年人，他克服了他的害羞，因此在adult前加an。
10．with→about　考查介词。此处是talk to sb． about sth． “和某人谈论某事”，因此将with改为about。
Passage 7
限时7分钟
Dear Steven，
I'm so glad to hearing from you． You gave me a great time on the Great Wall that day, so I want to say thank you． I returned to my school while I got back from Beijing． My school life is busy but interested． I've joined the English club and took part in many English activities after class, so my English has improved a lot of． The proverb you mentioned come from a poem by Mao Zedong, first Chairman of China． It's meaning is “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man．” The Great Wall stands by difficulties a hero wants to overcome． You are a true men now, aha!
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Steven，
I'm so glad to from you． You gave me a great time on the Great Wall that day, so I want to say thank you． I returned to my school I got back from Beijing． My school life is busy but ． I've joined the English club and part in many English activities after class, so my English has improved a lot ． The proverb you mentioned from a poem by Mao Zedong, first Chairman of China． meaning is “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man．” The Great Wall stands difficulties a hero wants to overcome． You are a true now, aha!
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
1．hearing→hear　考查非谓语动词。be glad to do sth． “因为做了某事感到高兴”。
2．while→when　考查连词。while引导的从句中需用延续性动词，when引导的从句中动词可以是延续性，也可以是非延续性。这里got back是非延续性动词短语，故用when。
3．interested→interesting　考查形容词。描述事物的特征，意为“有趣的”，应用interesting。
4．took→taken　考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列成分，前面时态为现在完成时，后面也应用现在完成时。
5．去掉of　考查副词短语。a lot可充当副词短语来修饰动词。
6．come→comes　考查主谓一致。单数名词作主语时，在一般现在时中，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
7．first前加the　考查序数词的用法。表顺序时，序数词前需加the。
8．It's→Its　考查代词。修饰名词需用形容词性物主代词。
9．by→for　考查固定短语。stand for意为“代表，象征”。
10．men→man　考查名词。由a true可知，名词应用单数形式，故用man。
Passage 8
限时6分钟
The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the Renmin Road, where was specially built for people to relax ourselves． The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on both side． We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many of people were playing happily． But something unpleasant catch our attention． There was rubbish here or there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles floated on the surface of the lake． Such beautiful place was so serious polluted． What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish after we left．
答案：
The other day, some of my classmates and I took a bicycle trip along the Renmin Road, was specially built for people to relax ． The scenery along the road was fascinating, with trees, flowers, hills and lakes on ． We stopped by a lake for a rest, where a good many people were playing happily． But something unpleasant our attention． There was rubbish here there, and there were many plastic bags and bottles on the surface of the lake． Such beautiful place was so polluted． What a shame! In the end, we couldn't help collecting the rubbish we left．
1．where→which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处the Renmin Road作先行词，指物，引导词在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故把where改为which。
2．ourselves→themselves　考查代词。建这条路的目的是让人们放松他们自己。relax oneself “放松自己”，根据句意可知，把ourselves改为themselves。
3．side→sides或both→either　考查名词或限定词。both sides和either side都表示“路的两边”，故本题有两种改法，把side改为sides或把both改为either。
4．去掉of　考查固定短语。a good many＋名词复数形式，意思是“许多”，故去掉many后的of。
5．catch→caught　考查动词时态。根据文章开头“The other day”可知，此处用一般过去时，故把catch改为caught。
6．or→and　考查固定短语。固定搭配：here and there “到处”，故把or改为and。
7．floated→floating　考查非谓语动词。在湖面上漂浮着很多塑料袋和瓶子。此处是现在分词作后置定语，故把floated改为floating。
8．Such后加a　考查冠词。一个如此美丽的地方受到如此严重的污染。place是单数，故在Such后加a。
9．serious→seriously　考查副词。副词修饰动词，故把serious改为seriously。
10．after→before/when　考查状语从句的连接词。最后，我们离开之前/离开的时候，我们情不自禁地捡垃圾。根据句意可知，把after改为before/when。
Passage 9
限时7分钟
When it came to city and country life, I think they all have their own advantages and disadvantages． For city life, you know, the traffic is too convenient that you can arrange your life flexible and easily． At same time, there are many great opportunity for you when looking for jobs． Also, there is no doubt that the quality of life is fantastic． Unfortunately, lived in cities, you will suffer much stress and heavy air pollution．
For country life, as we all know it, the life is peaceful and the environment is beautiful, which is both good for your health． Therefore, it is inconvenient for people to go out． Besides, the communication isn't easy．
答案：
When it to city and country life, I think they have their own advantages and disadvantages． For city life, you know, the traffic is convenient that you can arrange your life and easily． At same time, there are many great for you when looking for jobs． Also, there is no doubt that the quality of life is fantastic． Unfortunately, in cities, you will suffer much stress and heavy air pollution．
For country life, as we all know ， the life is peaceful and the environment is beautiful, which both good for your health． , it is inconvenient for people to go out． Besides, the communication isn't easy．
1．came→comes　考查动词的时态。全文用一般现在时，描述作者的观点，故此处也应用一般现在时。
2．all→both　考查代词。they指代的是上文city and country life两种情况，应用both。
3．too→so　考查固定句型。so ．．． that ．．． “如此……以至于……”。
4．flexible→flexibly　考查副词。修饰动词arrange应用副词。
5．At后加the　考查固定搭配。at the same time “与此同时”。
6．opportunity→opportunities　考查名词。前有many修饰，故用复数形式opportunities。
7．lived→living　考查非谓语动词。在句中作状语，主语you与live之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。
8．去掉it　考查as引导的定语从句。因as作关系代词，在句中作know的宾语，故去掉it。
9．is→are　考查主谓一致。which指代上文两种情况，故谓语动词用复数形式。
10．Therefore→However　考查副词。表转折关系，且在本句中作副词，应用however, 意为“然而”。
Passage 10
限时7分钟
Mao Zhaomu drop out of high school several years ago． Now the self­taught English learner has been admitted to one of China's top foreign language university, Sichuan International Studies University, that he used to deliver food to students． Mao once worked a delivery man for a restaurant． And he chatted happy with English learners online in her spare time． There were much grammatical mistakes, but that didn't prevent him from chatting． To seize every chance to study English, he would memorize words while wait for customers． Mao said that how he hoped very much to become an interpreter． Whoever have a dream and dares to seek it is a loveliest person．
答案：
Mao Zhaomu out of high school several years ago． Now the self­taught English learner has been admitted to one of China's top foreign language ， Sichuan International Studies University, he used to deliver food to students． Mao once worked a delivery man for a restaurant． And he chatted with English learners online in spare time． There were grammatical mistakes, but that didn't prevent him from chatting． To seize every chance to study English, he would memorize words while for customers． Mao said that he hoped very much to become an interpreter． Whoever a dream and dares to seek it is a loveliest person．
1．drop→dropped　考查动词的时态。几年前，毛朝牧从高中辍学。根据时间状语“several years ago”可知，用一般过去时。故将drop改为dropped。
2．university→universities　考查名词。句意：现在，这位自学英语的人已经被中国一流的外国语学院录取。因为one of后用名词复数形式。故将university改为universities。
3．that→where　考查定语从句的引导词。句中先行词为Sichuan International Studies University，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故将that改为where。
4．worked后加as　考查介词。短语work as意为“任……职，当……”。故在worked后加as。
5．happy→happily　考查副词。在他空余时间，他愉快地与英语学习者在线交谈。动词chatted后用副词修饰。故将happy改为happily。
6．her→his　考查人称代词。根据主语he可知，这里用his。故将her改为his。
7．much→many　考查形容词。虽然有很多语法错误，但那并不阻止他交谈。因为grammatical mistakes为可数名词复数形式，故前用many修饰。故将much改为many。
8．wait→waiting　考查非谓语动词。当等顾客的时候，他会记单词。逻辑主语he与wait之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词。故将wait改为waiting。
9．去掉how　考查宾语从句。毛说，他希望成为一名口译员。根据句意可知，这里不需要how。故将how去掉。
10．have→has　考查主谓一致。任何有梦想并敢于追求梦想的人都是最可爱的人。句中主语为Whoever，故谓语用单数。故将have改为has。
Passage 11
限时8分钟
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with．
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own． Apart from the convenient public transportation, our private car will make your visits difficult． Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities, I'm sure you will have no trouble to communicating with them． Above all, they hosted the American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience． In addition, the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food．
Hope you enjoy your stay here．
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with．
in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house big enough to enable you to have a room of your own． Apart from the convenient public transportation, private car will make your visits ． Because all the family members can speak English and have outgoing personalities, I'm sure you will have no trouble communicating with them． Above all, they hosted American student last year, through they gained lots of experience． In addition, the cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food．
Hope you enjoy your stay here．
Yours，
Li Hua
1．arranged后加for　考查固定搭配。arrange for sb． to do sth． “安排某人做某事”。
2．Locating→Located　考查非谓语动词。be located in “位于”，此处是用过去分词作状语。
3．was→is　考查动词的时态。根据全文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。
4．our→their　考查代词。指代前文的host family，故用their。
5．difficult→easy　考查形容词。由上文“Apart from the convenient ．．．”可知此处进一步描述交通的便捷，故改为easy。
6．fluently→fluent　考查形容词。修饰English应用形容词fluent，意为“流利的英语”。
7．去掉to或to→in　考查固定用法。have trouble (in) doing sth． “做某事很困难”。
8．the→an　考查冠词。表泛指且第一次出现，应用不定冠词，且American的发音以元音音素开头，故将the改为an。
9．that→which　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，直接用于介词之后，关系代词需用which而不是that。
10．hostess→hostess's　考查名词的所有格。以s结尾的名词可以直接加's，变成所有格形式。
Passage 12
限时8分钟
Recently when Li Hua was taking off a bus on his way home, he offered his seat to a woman carried a baby． However, she didn't receive even a reply like “Thanks”， what made him a little bit annoyed．
Volunteered to help people in trouble is a traditionally virtue in China． Everyone has a responsibility to help others． Therefore, do not always expect those you helped to reward your kindness． As far as the person who accept help is concerned, it would be polite to express his or her gratitude． Two powerful word like “Thank you” are easy to say and mean a lot．
As long as everyone was ready to help others, the world will become beautiful place．
答案：
Recently when Li Hua was taking a bus on his way home, he offered his seat to a woman a baby． However, didn't receive even a reply like “Thanks”， made him a little bit annoyed．
to help people in trouble is a virtue in China． Everyone has a responsibility to help others． Therefore, do not always expect those you helped to reward your kindness． As far as the person who help is concerned, it would be polite to express his or her gratitude． Two powerful like “Thank you” are easy to say and mean a lot．
As long as everyone ready to help others, the world will become beautiful place．
1．去掉off　考查动词短语。take a bus “乘公共汽车”。
2．carried→carrying　考查非谓语动词。a woman与carry之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式carrying作后置定语。
3．she→he　考查代词。前文中出现his，故应保持人称一致。
4．what→which　考查定语从句的引导词。引导非限制性定语从句，应用which, what不引导定语从句。
5．Volunteered→Volunteering　考查非谓语动词。此处动名词短语在句中作主语。
6．traditionally→traditional　考查形容词。修饰名词virtue应用形容词。
7．accept→accepted　考查动词的时态。对于接受了别人帮助的人来说，表达谢意是礼貌的。
8．word→words　考查名词。指两个单词，故用words。
9．was→is　考查动词的时态。as long as引导的条件状语从句应该用一般现在时表将来，故将was改为is。
10．become后加a　考查冠词。a beautiful place “一个美丽的地方”。
Passage 13
限时8分钟
One month before, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous and in low spirit because of my poor performance． When I was at the loss and on the point of giving up, my head teacher comforted me and discuss with me the reasons for my failure in the exam． More unforgettable, he managed to help me with my study and inspired us． Determined to live up the expectations of my teachers and my parents, I devoted myself to solve all the problems in my study and then made progress． I'm more than grateful for that he has done for me． I've got to know it is never too much late to get back when there is still hope．
答案：
One month ， with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous and in low because of my poor performance． When I was at loss and on the point of giving up, my head teacher comforted me and with me the reasons for my failure in the exam． More ， he managed to help me with my study and inspired ． Determined to live up the expectations of my teachers and my parents, I devoted myself to all the problems in my study and then made progress． I'm more than grateful for he has done for me． I've got to know it is never too late to get back when there is still hope．
1．before→ago　考查副词。根据语境可知，在考试前的一个月，由于高考临近，作者紧张、焦虑。表示从事情发生到现在时间过去了一个月，应用ago，而不能用before。
2．spirit→spirits　考查名词。in low spirits “情绪低落”，为固定短语。
3．the→a　考查固定搭配。at a loss “不知所措”，不用the。
4．discuss→discussed　考查动词的时态。此句中and连接两个并列谓语，即comforted和discussed，所以discuss用过去式。
5．unforgettable→unforgettably　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子，而unforgettable “令人难忘的”是形容词，所以要改为副词unforgettably。
6．us→me　考查代词。由上下文语境知此处要表达他帮助“我”，鼓励“我”，而不是“我们”，故将us改为me。
7．up后加to　考查固定短语。根据语境可知，是为了不辜负老师们的期望，live up to the expectations of sb．为固定短语，意为“不辜负某人的期望”。
8．solve→solving　考查非谓语动词。devote ．．． to “致力于，专心于”，to为介词，后面要接动名词或名词。
9．that→what或that前加all　考查宾语从句。根据语境可知，“我”感激他为“我”做的一切。for为介词，后为宾语从句，从句缺宾语，所以用what或that前加all。
10．删除much　考查副词。never too late to get back意为“(只要有希望，)再晚回头也不晚”。故删除much。
Passage 14
限时6分钟
I still remember my middle school life in Changchun． I was then in school for student from Wenchuan． As we were all left home of an early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life． We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us． However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly． We enjoyed our happy life． At weekends, we will play basketball on the playground, swimming in the pool or go out for a picnic in the park． We were living in a big family． We treat each other as brothers and sisters． It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before．
答案：
I still remember my middle school life in Changchun． I was then in school for from Wenchuan． As we all left home an early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life． We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by ． However, we seldom felt lonely or ． We enjoyed our happy life． At weekends, we play basketball on the playground, in the pool or go out for a picnic in the park． We were living in a big family． We each other as brothers and sisters． It has been five years we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before．
1．in后加a　考查冠词。in a school “在一所学校”。
2．student→students　考查名词。指多个学生，故用students。
3．去掉we后的were　考查动词的语态。we与left之间是主动关系，故去掉were。
4．of→at　考查介词。at an early age “在很小的时候”。
5．us→ourselves　考查代词。by oneself “独自地”。
6．helplessly→helpless　考查形容词。“feel＋adj．”构成系表结构。
7．will→would/could　考查动词的时态和情态动词的用法。would表示“过去常常”，could “过去能够”；本文基本时态为一般过去时，故将will改为would/could。
8．swimming→swim　考查动词用法。play, swim, go是并列的动词。
9．treat→treated　考查动词的时态。描述过去的情况应用一般过去时。
10．when→since　考查连词。It has been＋时间段＋since ．．． “自从……已经……”。
Passage 15
限时7分钟
On Sunday, Miss Green told Lisa, Jack and Lily a story about a girl names Cathy, who is just 12 years old． One day, when she was at the home, her mother careless cut her own finger, which immediately started bleeding． As a little girl, Cathy didn't get a panic． Instead, she calmly cleaned her mother wound and then stopped it from bleed． She did that so she had just learned how to give first aid． Then Miss Green encouraged both of them to learn more about first aid． “It's really important because it can not only helps deal with injuries but also save life，” she said． After hearing it, they decide to learn first aid skills．
答案：
On Sunday, Miss Green told Lisa, Jack and Lily a story about a girl Cathy, who is just 12 years old． One day, when she was at home, her mother cut her own finger, which immediately started bleeding． As a little girl, Cathy didn't get a panic． Instead, she calmly cleaned her wound and then stopped it from ． She did that she had just learned how to give first aid． Then Miss Green encouraged of them to learn more about first aid． “It's really important because it can not only deal with injuries but also save life，” she said． After hearing it, they to learn first aid skills．
1．names→named　考查非谓语动词。a girl与name之间存在被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，所以names 改为named。
2．去掉the　考查冠词。at home “在家”，是固定短语，所以去掉the。
3．careless→carelessly　考查副词。修饰动词cut，用副词，所以careless改为carelessly。
4．get后加into　考查固定短语。句意：Cathy没有陷入恐慌。get into “陷入”，是固定短语，所以get后加into。
5．mother→mother's　考查名词。句意：相反，她冷静地清洗了她母亲的伤口。表示“母亲的”，应用名词的所有格来表示，故将mother 改为mother's。
6．bleed→bleeding　考查固定句型。stop sb．/sth． from doing sth． “阻止某人/某物做某事”，是固定句型，所以bleed 改为bleeding。
7．so→because　考查连词。句意：她那样做是因为她刚刚学过如何进行急救。表示“因为”，所以so改为because。
8．both→all　考查不定代词。both表示两者，all表示三者或三者以上；Lisa, Jack和Lily是三个人，所以both 改为all。
9．helps→help　考查情态动词。情态动词can之后，用动词原形，所以helps改为help。
10．decide→decided　考查动词的时态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以decide改为decided。
Passage 16
限时8分钟
Dear Jin Jing，
Your problem is common one among middle school students． Maybe the following advices can help you． First in all, believe in yourself． Your greatest problem is that you lack self­confidence． The first thing you must do it is to smile at your classmates． One smile speaks loud about your wish to make friends than any word． Your smile will show that you are friendly to him． Next, trying talking with a student who is as shy as you or who share the same interest as you． You can discuss your studies with a classmate and you can also talk about your hobbies． Unless someone is in trouble, you should be ready to help him or her． Once you have confidence, you can make as many friends as possibly．
Yours， Lily
答案：
Dear Jin Jing，
Your problem is common one among middle school students． Maybe the following can help you． First all, believe in yourself． Your greatest problem is that you lack self­confidence． The first thing you must do is to smile at your classmates． One smile speaks about your wish to make friends than any word． Your smile will show that you are friendly to ． Next, talking with a student who is as shy as you or who the same interest as you． You can discuss your studies with a classmate and you can also talk about your hobbies． someone is in trouble, you should be ready to help him or her． Once you have confidence, you can make as many friends as ．
Yours， Lily
1．is后加a　考查冠词。a common one “一个常见的(问题)”。
2．advices→advice　考查名词。advice “建议”，是不可数名词。
3．in→of　考查固定短语。first of all “首先；最重要的是”。
4．去掉it　考查定语从句。The first thing (that) you must do中，关系代词that作do的宾语，可省略，故it是多余的。
5．loud→louder　考查副词的比较级。由后面的than可知，应用比较级形式。
6．him→them　考查代词。指代前文中的名词classmates，故用代词them。
7．trying→try　考查祈使句。在祈使句中需用动词原形。
8．share→shares　考查主谓一致。先行词是a student，故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
9．Unless→If　考查连词。根据句意可知，应是表肯定的假设，表示“如果”。
10．possibly→possible　考查固定短语。as ．．． as possible “尽可能……”。

短文改错策略探究(一)
短文改错旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力，其覆盖面广，难度较大。主要从词法错误、句法错误和语篇(行文逻辑)错误三个角度来考查。其错误通常以多一词、缺一词、词汇错用三种形式来设置。
一、冠词的考查
冠词的使用是学生很容易出错的地方，多冠词主要是在本应使用零冠词的情况中使用了不定冠词或定冠词。缺冠词的考查主要围绕在不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法及固定搭配中。不定冠词与定冠词的错用往往发生在考生分辨不清泛指与特指的时候，另外也要注意不定冠词a与an的正确使用。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents．
________________________________________________________________________
答案：countryside前加the　考查冠词。countryside意为“农村；乡下”，与the连用，在文中表特指。
二、名词的考查
在短文改错中常发生名词错用情况，主要考查可数名词的数、可数名词和不可数名词的混用，以及抽象名词具体化等。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken．
________________________________________________________________________
答案：chicken→chickens　考查名词。dozens of表示“大量的，许多的”，后面跟可数名词的复数形式；chicken意为“小鸡”，为可数名词。
三、代词的考查
　　短文改错中对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、关系代词等方面。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain．
________________________________________________________________________
答案：us→me　考查代词。根据后面的“help my brain”可知，玩扑克牌游戏有助于我的大脑，因此这里的意思是“告诉我”，故将us改为me。
四、连词的考查
考生在做短文改错题时，应特别注意明确句意及分句与分句之间或主从句之间的关系，从而及时发现多一连词、少一连词或连词错用的情况并改正。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud．
________________________________________________________________________
答案：and→or　考查连词。此处表示“他的或者她的”文章，因此属于一种选择关系，而不是并列关系。
五、介词的考查
短文改错题中对介词的考查主要集中在介词的固定用法及习惯搭配。考生应该掌握介词的基本含义和用法，更重要的是要注意其固定搭配的使用。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed．
________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉for　考查介词。根据句意，此处表示“每两年”来这里一次，every two years是一个表示频率的时间状语，不表示一段时间，故去掉for。

Passage 1
限时8分钟
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents． I find a change there． The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals． Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken． They also had a small pond which they raised fish． My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish． I felt happily that their life had improved． At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed．
答案：
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents． I a change there． The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals． Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of ． They also had a small pond they raised fish． My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish． I felt that their life had improved． At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, he agreed．
1．countryside前加the　考查冠词。去年寒假，“我”和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。
2．find→found　考查动词的时态。根据第一句中的“During my last winter holiday”可知，事件发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故将find改成found。
3．another→other　考查限定词。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
4．here→there　考查副词。去年冬天，“我”又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。
5．chicken→chickens　考查名词的复数。根据前文的“dozens of”可知，其后用名词复数形式。
6．which前加in或which→where　考查定语从句的引导词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，且关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
7．sell→selling　考查非谓语动词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
8．happily→happy　考查形容词。他们的生活有了很大提高，“我”感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
9．删除for　考查介词的用法。时间名词有every, each, last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
10．but→and　考查连词。“我”计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。
Passage 2
限时7分钟
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night． After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room． As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me． They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain． Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes． I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school． The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life．
答案：
When I was little, night was our family game night． After supper, we would play card games of all in the sitting room． As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not to let me． They would say to that playing card games would help my brain． Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes． I didn't realize how right my parents until I entered high school． The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life．
1．Friday's→Friday　考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的、用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所属关系或表示逻辑上的主谓关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故把Friday's改为Friday。
2．sort→sorts　考查名词的复数。此处all修饰三者或三者以上的人或物，后用名词复数形式。故把sort改为sorts。
3．the→a　考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”表泛指，应用“a(n)＋可数名词单数形式”，kid的发音是以辅音音素开头的，应用a，故把the改为a。
4．watching→watch　考查固定搭配。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看(卡通片)。ask to do sth． 意为“请求做某事”。故把watching改为watch。
5．删掉to　考查情态动词。would作为情态动词，后跟动词原形，故把to删除。
6．us→me　考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑开发。此处表述是对“我”说，前面提到的是I，而不是we。故把us改为me。
7．unwilling前加was　考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth．意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。主语为I，所以在unwilling前加was。
8．for→with　考查介词。play games with sb．表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。
9．are→were　考查动词的时态。文章叙述的是作者小时候的事情，应用一般过去时。故把are改为were。
10．where→when　考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候，我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故把where改为when。
Passage 3
限时7分钟
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin． Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud． Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious． I had done myself homework but I was shy． I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people． At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well．” Immediate, I raised my hand．
答案：
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just ． Everyone was silent, to see who would be called upon to read his her paragraph aloud． Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious． I had done homework but I was shy． I was afraid that to speak in front of a group of people． At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that learning from textbooks, and as well．” ， I raised my hand．
1．begin→begun　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是“had＋动词的过去分词”，所以begin要改为begun。
2．wait→waiting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，本句有谓语动词was，没有连词，且句子的逻辑主语与wait是主动关系，所以wait 要用其现在分词形式waiting，表伴随。
3．and→or　考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故把and改为or。
4．eager后加to　考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth． “渴望做某事”，故eager后加to。
5．myself→my或the　考查限定词。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。由句子的主语“I”可知，此处表示“我的”作业，应用my而不用myself；此处也可特指老师布置的作业，故改为定冠词the也可以。
6．去掉that　考查固定结构。be afraid to do sth． “害怕做某事”，所以that多余，删掉。
7．larger→large　考查形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。此处没有比较的意境，故把larger改为large。
8．include→includes　考查主谓一致。that指代learning，作第二个分句的主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
9．mistake→mistakes　考查名词的复数。此处应用可数名词的复数形式，泛指所有错误。
10．Immediate→Immediately　考查副词。此处要用副词在句中作状语修饰整个句子，故把Immediate改为Immediately。
Passage 4
限时8分钟
(2019·山东省枣庄八中月考)I have never been to a cooking school． I learned cooking from my mother because she was really interesting in teaching me how to cook． The main reason for this was because my mother didn't know how to cook something when she got married．
My grandmother never allowed her stay in the kitchen． At the age of 25, my mother started cooking, it was very hard for her． However, she had to take a few cooking class to prepare our meals． After having that experience, she decided to teach me how to cook．
I remember I always helped out my mother when I was with her in the kitchen enjoy cooking． Nowadays, I am thankful to that experience．
答案：
I have never been to a cooking school． I learned cooking from my mother because she was really in teaching me how to cook． The main reason for this was my mother didn't know how to cook when she got married．
My grandmother never allowed her stay in the kitchen． At the age of 25, my mother started cooking, was very hard for her． ， she had to take a few cooking to prepare our meals． After having that experience, she decided to teach me how to cook．
I remember I always helped out my mother when I was with her in the kitchen cooking． Nowadays, I am thankful t that experience．
1．interesting→interested　考查固定搭配。句意：我从未上过烹饪学校。我从妈妈那里学到了烹饪，因为她对教我做饭很感兴趣。be interested in ．．． 为固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”，所以把interesting改为interested。
2．because→that　考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导一个表语从句，陈述一个事实，而非原因，故把because改为that。
3．something→anything　考查不定代词。根据上下文的内容可知，是说“我”妈妈在结婚时什么饭菜也不会做，在否定句中，应用anything。
4．stay前加to　考查固定搭配。allow sb． to do sth．为固定搭配，“允许某人做某事”。因此要在stay前加to。
5．it前加and或it→which　考查连词或定语从句的引导词。句意：在25岁的时候，妈妈开始做饭，这对她来说很难。分析句子“At the age of 25, my mother started cooking, it was very hard for her．”可知，这是两个句子，两个句子必须有一个连接词。根据句意可知，要么用并列连词and把两个句子连接起来，要么用关系词引导定语从句。改成定语从句“At the age of 25, my mother started cooking, which was very hard for her．”。其中用which指代前面的整个主句。所以也可把it改为which。
6．However→Therefore　考查副词。根据上下文可知，这里表示结果，不是转折。
7．class→classes　考查名词。class “课程”被a few(一些)修饰，应用名词的复数形式，class在本句中是可数名词，因此class要用复数形式，故把class改为classes。
8．删去out　考查动词搭配。help out意为“帮助解难题，帮助摆脱困境”；help sb．意为“帮助某人”。此处语境并无前者的深刻含义，故删去out。
9．enjoy→enjoying　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句是“sb． be doing sth． with sb． in ．．．”的句型结构，故把enjoy改为enjoying。
10．to→for　考查介词。“对某物表示感谢”要用be thankful for，故把to改为for。
Passage 5
限时7分钟
调题库[17]
(2019·云南省玉溪一中高三第二次调研考试)Is it necessary to practice handwriting? Some students consider handwriting least important than before． They preferred the keyboard to the pen now, for the former is fast, convenient and clear． They think it is waste of time practicing handwriting． However, others think Chinese handwriting is an important part of our traditional culture．
Though computers are very convenient, but handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world． Beside, beautiful handwriting leaves a good impression in others． It shows your attitude to do things． Chinese character are very beautiful and rich in culture． As for me, when reading a neat written article, you will feel pleased and relaxed．
答案：
Is it necessary to practice handwriting? Some students consider handwriting important than before． They the keyboard to the pen now, for the former is fast, convenient and clear． They think it is waste of time practicing handwriting． However, others think Chinese handwriting is an important part of our traditional culture． Though computers are very convenient, but handwriting still plays an important role in the modern world． ， beautiful handwriting leaves a good impression others． It shows your attitude to
do things． Chinese are very beautiful and rich in culture． As for me, when reading a nea written article, will feel pleased and relaxed．
1．least→less　考查副词的比较级。根据句中的“than before”可知含有比较的意思，形容词用比较级，不用最高级。且根据语境可知，这里指不那么重要，故应用less important。
2．preferred→prefer　考查动词的时态。此处描述当前的普遍现象和客观事实，与全文时态一致，故用一般现在时。
3．waste前加a　考查固定用法。表示“时间的浪费”是a waste of time，属于固定用法。
4．删除but　考查连词。在主从复合句中，从属连词though不能和并列连词but连用，故删除but。
5．Beside→Besides　考查副词。句意：虽然电脑很方便，但书写在现代世界中仍然扮演着重要的角色。此外，漂亮的书法给别人留下了很好的印象。beside “在……旁边”，表示“此外”是besides。
6．in→on　考查介词。“给某人留下好印象”是leave a good impression on sb．，介词用on。
7．do→doing 或删除do　考查介词。attitude to sth．或attitude to doing sth．其中to是介词，后用动词­ing形式或直接跟名词。
8．character→characters　考查名词。此处指汉字是非常美丽的且富含文化，泛指“汉字”且与谓语are要保持主谓一致，主语要用复数。
9．neat→neatly　考查副词。此处修饰动词written，应用副词，指书写整洁的文章。
10．you→I　考查代词。由句中的“As for me”可知，此处指对“我”来说，当阅读一篇书写整洁的文章时，就会感到高兴和放松，故把you改为I。
Passage 6
限时8分钟
调题库[18](2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)When I was young, I was terribly poor in the Chinese． Be afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school． Once I failed in a mid­term exam． When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I listened to the teacher much more attentive． So I turned to my teacher for helps and he told me, “Where there is a will, there is a way． If you are devoted to learn Chinese, you'll make it．” I couldn't agree much． From then on, I began to work harder． Out of my expect, I made great progress soon． Today, Chinese is which my strength lies． And I'm grateful for my Chinese teacher．
答案：
When I was young, I was terribly poor in the Chinese． afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school． Once I failed in a mid­term exam． When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I listened to the teacher much more ． So I turned to my teacher for and he told me, “Where there is a will, there is a way． If you are devoted to Chinese, you'll make it．” I couldn't agree ． From then on, I began to work harder． Out of my ， I made great progress soon． Today, Chinese is my strength lies． And I'm grateful my Chinese teacher．
1．去掉the　考查冠词。此处Chinese指“汉语”，表示学科的词前通常不加定冠词，故把前面的the去掉。
2．Be→Being　考查非谓语动词。“Be afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school．”句中没有主语，动词原形be不能作主语，应该用动名词短语作主语，故把Be改成Being。
3．listened前加had　考查虚拟语气。句意：我意识到如果我以前更认真地听老师讲课的话，情况会变得更好。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，故在listened前加had。
4．attentive→attentively　考查副词。副词修饰动词，故把attentive改成attentively。
5．helps→help　考查固定搭配。turn to sb． for help “向某人求助”，故把helps改成help。
6．learn→learning　考查固定搭配。be devoted to＝devote oneself to “致力于，专心于……”，此处to是介词，后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故把learn改成learning。
7．much→more　考查比较级。这里表示“我完全同意”。否定词和比较级连用表示最高级的意思，故把much改成more。
8．expect→expectation　考查名词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故把expect改成expectation，意为“出乎我预期的是”。
9．which→where　考查表语从句的连接词。句意：中文是我的优势所在。which(哪一个)，表示一种选择，作主语或宾语；where(在哪里)，作地点状语，故把which改成where。
10．for→to　考查固定短语。be grateful to sb． “对某人心存感激”，故把for改成to。
Passage 7
限时8分钟
调题库[30]
(2019·山东师范大学附中高三第二次模拟考试)I'm glad to learn that you want to hire a few part­time reporter． I'm quite interesting in the position, so I want to apply it to improve my English．
I am the senior two student from Xinhua Middle School． I think I'm fit for the job． As a student, I've read a lot of and have much knowledge in many fields． I'm fond of English and did well in speaking and writing． I have won several prizes in all kinds of English contests inside and outside school． Beside, I enjoy working with others and it's easy for you to get along well with people．
Above all, I once work as a reporter for my school newspaper． Therefore, I'm sure I can do the job well unless I get the position．
Looking forward to your reply as soon as possible．
答案：
I'm glad to learn that you want to hire a few part­time ． I'm quite in the position, so I want to apply it to improve my English．
I am senior two student from Xinhua Middle School． I think I'm fit for the job． As a student, I've read a lot and have much knowledge in many fields． I'm fond of English and well in speaking and writing． I have won several prizes in all kinds of English contests inside and outside school． ， I enjoy working with others and it's easy for to get along well with people．
Above all, I once as a reporter for my school newspaper． Therefore, I'm sure I can do the job well I get the position．
Looking forward to your reply as soon as possible．
1．reporter→reporters　考查名词。由a few修饰可知，应用复数形式，故将reporter改为reporters。
2．interesting→interested　考查形容词。人作主语表示“对……感兴趣”，用interested。be interested in为固定短语，故将interesting改为interested。
3．apply后加for　考查介词。表示申请是apply for sth．，故apply后加for。
4．the→a　考查冠词。表示“一名高二学生”，是泛指，需用不定冠词，故将the改为a。
5．删除of　考查介词。读了很多，用read a lot, a lot修饰动词，故删除of。
6．did→do　考查动词的时态。and连接并列成分，前后时态应统一，这里介绍自己现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故将did改为do。
7．Beside→Besides　考查副词。表示“另外”用besides，而beside表示“在……旁边”，故将Beside改为Besides。
8．you→me　考查代词。此处表示对于“我”来说，与人相处很容易，故将you改为me。
9．work→worked　考查动词的时态。once表示“曾经做过”，用一般过去时，故将work改为worked。
10．unless→if　考查连词。此处表述“如果我得到这份工作”，应用if，而unless表示“除非，如果不”，故将unless改为if。
Passage 8
限时7分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons． I still remember how hard first day was． Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank． I forgot what he had said to me altogether． The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left． A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car． It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road．
答案：
In the summer holiday following my birthday, I took driving lessons． I still remember how hard first day was． Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, once I started the car, my mind blank． I forgot what he had said to me altogether． The instructor kept repeating the ， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “ left！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left． A few minutes ， the instructor asked me to stop the car． It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road．
1．eighteen→eighteenth　考查数词。此处意为“在我十八岁生日后的那个暑假”，eighteen “十八”表示数量，故应用eighteenth “第十八个”。
2．first前加the/my　考查冠词或代词。特指“学驾驶的第一天”，序数词first前加the；也可以加my, my first day表示“我(学驾驶)的第一天”。
3．so→but/yet　考查连词。此处意为“我以为我已经掌握了教练的指示，但是一发动车，脑中一片空白”，前后句为转折关系，故用but/yet连接。
4．goes→went　考查动词的时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故用went。
5．word→words　考查名词的复数。word作“说的话，话语，言语”讲时是可数名词，此处表示“教练一直重复那几句话”，故用words。
6．Turning→Turn　考查祈使句。由祈使句“Speed up！” “Slow down！”可知，此处应用动词原形Turn。
7．去掉much　考查固定句型。此处是so ．．． that ．．． “如此……以至于……”句型，much多余，故去掉。
8．late→later　考查副词。表示“……之后”，应用副词later。late作副词时意为“晚，迟”。
9．suddenly→sudden　考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰名词stop，表示“突然停车”，应将suddenly改为sudden。
10．on→of　考查介词。此处表示“在路中间突然停车”， in the middle of the road表示“在路的中央”，故用介词of。on the road表示“在路上”。
Passage 9
限时6分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school． They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day． In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house． They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together． They have also bought for some gardening tools． Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet． When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
答案：
Mr and Mrs Zhang / work in our school． They live far from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day． In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house． They often get up and water the vegetables together． They have also bought some gardening tools． ， they often get some useful from the Internet． When summer ， they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
1．all→both或将all去掉　考查代词。因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示“两者都”，而all则表示“三者或三者以上的全部”。此处将all去掉也可以。
2．a→an/one　考查冠词。因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。
3．interesting→interested　考查形容词。因为是描述主语they的心理状态，所以使用interested “对……感兴趣的”。
4．that→which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代主句中的garden，所以用which来引导该定语从句。
5．earlier→early　考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，所以用early的原级。
6．去掉for　考查介词。buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而buy sth．for sb．意为“为某人买某物”。
7．Beside→Besides　考查副词。beside为介词，意为“在……旁边”，而besides为副词，意为“此外”。根据上下文可知，此处列举的是张先生和张太太每天做的事情，故用Besides。
8．informations→information　考查名词。information为不可数名词，无复数形式。
9．came→comes　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据主句中的“they will”可知，此处应遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句使用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；从句的主语“summer”表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10．students后加to　考查非谓语动词。短语invite sb．to do sth．意为“邀请某人做某事”。
Passage 10
限时8分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies． I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years． About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club． Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments． I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums． This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days．
答案：
When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies． I grown not only physically, also mentally in the past few years． About one month after this photo was ， I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club． Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments． I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the music albums． This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days．
1．删除of　考查动词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语从句时不用加介词。
2．had→have　考查动词的时态。由时间状语“in the past few years”可知，此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响，故应用现在完成时。
3．and→but　考查连词。not only ．．． but also ．．． 是固定搭配。
4．took→taken　考查动词的语态。photo与take之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。take的过去分词是taken。
5．become→became　考查动词的时态。“我”进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员这一系列动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词应用became。
6．picture前加this/the　考查限定词/冠词。picture作“照片”之意讲时是可数名词，因为上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用定冠词the表特指，或者用this。
7．they→that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。things是个名词，后面接了一个定语从句，修饰先行词things，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词that或which。
8．difference→different　考查形容词。名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词difference改为形容词different。
9．late→latest　考查形近词辨析。结合句意，这里表示收集“最新的”音乐专辑，故将late改为latest。
10．your→my　考查代词。全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。
Passage 11
限时8分钟
调题库[25]
(2019·湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高三第一次大联考)Last Sunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park． We wanted to breathe the fresh air and having fun there． However when going out, we find it was cloudy and smoggy． Only a few people were walking quick on the streets wearing their masks． I was wondering why was the matter when my little brother began to cough loudly． Suddenly I realized that it was air pollution． So we had to go to home that day． Smoke from cars, buses, and factories make the air dirty，that is harmful to our health． I think they all should do some thing to keep the air clean．
答案：
Last Sunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park． We wanted to breathe the fresh air and fun there． However when going out, we it was cloudy and smoggy． Only a few people were walking on the streets wearing their masks． I was wondering was the matter when my little brother began to cough loudly． Suddenly I realized that it was air pollution． So we had to go home that day． Smoke from cars, buses, and factories the air dirty, is harmful to our health． I think all should do some to keep the air clean．
1．walk前加a　考查固定短语。句意：上周日，我们一家去附近的公园散步。go for a walk “出去散步”，所以walk前加a。
2．having→have　考查连词用法。句意：我们想要呼吸新鲜空气，并且玩得开心。want to do是固定短语，所以将having改为have。此处连词and连接两个并列的动词。
3．find→found　考查动词的时态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以find改为found。
4．quick→quickly　考查副词。修饰动词walking，应用副词，所以将quick改为quickly。
5．why→what　考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道发生了什么事情。这里含有一个宾语从句，引导词作主语，所以why改为what。
6．去掉to　考查固定用法。句意：所以，那天我们不得不回家。go home “回家”，是固定用法，所以去掉to。
7．make→makes　考查主谓一致。表示一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；smoke作“烟雾”讲时，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数，故将make改为makes。
8．that→which　考查非限制性定语从句。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代主句整句的内容，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以that改为which。
9．they→we　考查代词。句意：我认为我们应该做一些事情来保持空气的干净。此处表示“我们”，所以they改为we。
10．thing→things　考查名词。some修饰可数名词的复数，所以thing改成things。
Passage 12
限时8分钟
调题库[27]
(2019·山东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)Rain is of greatly importance to us． Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die, such would plants and animals． Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harms to us． It floods fields, towns and cities, cause great losses for us． So far, man's control over rain had never stopped． If we can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from the nature． Luckily, we humans have taken steps, such as planting more trees or using weather forecasts, to help avoiding flood damage and protect our water supply．
答案：
Rain is of importance to us． Without rain, our water supply would cut off and we would die, would plants and animals． ， too much rain does a lot of to us． It floods fields, towns and cities, great losses for us． So far, man's control over rain never stopped． If we can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more freedom from nature． Luckily, we humans have taken steps, such as planting more trees using weather forecasts, to help flood damage and protect our water supply．
1．greatly→great　考查形容词。此处importance “重要性”是名词，用形容词来修饰，故把greatly改成great。
2．would后加be　考查被动语态。句意：没有雨水，我们的水供应将被切断。此处为含蓄条件句，would后应接动词原形；同时主语water supply和cut off之间为被动关系，因而应用被动语态，故在would后加be。
3．such→so　考查so的用法。此处表示我们就会死去，植物和动物也会死去。“so＋连系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语”结构表示前句所述的肯定情况也适用于另外一个人或物，其中so作“也这样，也如此”解，故把such改成so。
4．Therefore→However　考查副词。句意：然而，太多的雨水也会对我们造成很大的伤害。前后文表示一种转折关系，故把Therefore改成However。
5．harms→harm　考查名词。do harm to sb． “对某人造成伤害”，harm为不可数名词，故把harms改成harm。
6．cause→causing　考查非谓语动词。句意：它淹没了田野、城镇和城市，结果给我们带来了巨大的损失。此处是现在分词作结果状语，故把cause改成causing。
7．had→has　考查动词的时态。根据so far可知，句子用现在完成时，句子主语是control，是第三人称单数，故把had改成has。
8．去掉the　考查冠词。nature作“大自然”讲时，前面不用冠词，故把the去掉。
9．or→and　考查连词。句意：幸运的是，我们人类已经采取了一些措施，比如种植更多的树木和使用天气预报，以帮助避免洪水破坏和保护我们的供水。此处是并列关系，故把or改成and。
10．avoiding→avoid　考查固定搭配。help (to) do sth． “帮助做某事”，故把avoiding改成avoid。
Passage 13
限时7分钟
调题库[28]
(2019·河北省邢台市高三第一次月考)My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital． She serve dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital． One day, she asked me to help her of volunteering． At first, I didn't want to, and in the end I gave in to her． Certain, I went there unwillingly． The much food we gave, the more people would come． Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was amazed! That made me to feel glad for being there． I realized that happy is not only about receiving, but giving as well． Since then, I had kept volunteering every week．
答案：
My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital． She dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital． One day, she asked me to help her volunteering． At first, I didn't want to, in the end I gave in to her． ， I went there unwillingly． The food we gave, the more people would come． Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was ！ That made me feel glad for being there． I realized that is not only about receiving, but giving as well． Since then, I kept volunteering every week．
1．serve→serves　考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：母亲每天在医院外为等待亲人的人们提供晚餐。根据时间状语“every day”及主语“She”可知，应该使用动词第三人称单数，故将serve改为serves。
2．hospital前加the　考查冠词。此处是特指第一句提到的那家医院，故在hospital前加the。
3．of→with　考查介词。句意：一天，母亲要求我帮她做志愿者工作。help sb． with sth．“帮助某人做某事”，介词后为动名词volunteering，故将of改为with。
4．and→but　考查连词。此处前后句之间为转折关系，故将and改为but。
5．Certain→Certainly　考查副词。此处为副词修饰整个句子，certainly意为“毫无疑问”，故将Certain改为Certainly。
6．much→more　考查固定句式。the＋比较级，the＋比较级意为“越……，就越……”，故将much改为more。
7．amazed→amazing　考查形容词。句意：看着人们的微笑，尤其是孩子们的微笑，令人惊叹。amazing “令人震惊的”；amazed “感到震惊的”，故将amazed改为amazing。
8．删除to　考查不定式to的省略。固定结构make sb． do sth． “让某人做某事”，故删除to。
9．happy→happiness　考查名词。句意：我意识到快乐不仅仅在于获取，还在于给予。这里应用名词作主语，而形容词不可作主语，故将happy改为happiness。
10．had→have　考查动词的时态。根据本句的时间状语“since then”可知，应该用现在完成时，故将had改为have。
Passage 14
限时9分钟
调题库[24]
(2019·广东省肇庆市高中毕业班第一次检测)
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to this year English speech competition． As an annual activity, it is popular with students, the purpose of the English speech competition is to help us improve our ability of communicating in English． In addition, it can also help to develop the good habit of reading． I'm surely we can make progresses in our listening, speaking, reading and writing through the competition．
A topic of the speech of this year is The English Novel I Like Best． Anyone who will take part in the competition can chose any novel you consider it the best． Then you can introduce it to the others． In the speech you should also explain the reason why you like the novel best in fluent English within five minutes． Remembering that correct pronunciation required in the competition too．
We sincerely hope the competition will be a success．
Thank you！
答案：
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to this English speech competition． As an annual activity, i is popular with students, the purpose of the English speech competition is to help us improve our ability of communicating in English． In addition, it can also help to develop the good habit of reading． I'm we can make in our listening, speaking, reading and writing through the competition．
topic of the speech o this year is The English Novel I Like Best． Anyone who will take part in the competition can chos any novel you consider it the best． Then you can introduce it to the others． In the speech you should also explain the reason why you like the novel best in fluent English within five minutes． that correct pronunciation required in the competition too．
We sincerely hope the competition will be a success．
Thank you！
1．year→ year's　考查名词。此处表示“今年的英语演讲比赛”，“今年的”用名词所有格，故将year改为 year's。
2．it→which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“annual activity”，指物，在定语从句中作主语且引导非限制性定语从句用which，故将it改为which。
3．surely→sure　考查形容词。表示“我确信”，系动词am后用形容词作表语，故将surely改为sure。
4．progresses→progress　考查名词。progress表示“进步”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
5．A→The　考查冠词。此处特指这次演讲比赛的标题，用定冠词表特指，故将A改为the。
6．第二个of→for　考查介词。此处表示“对于，关于”用介词for，故将第二个of改为for。
7．chose→choose　考查动词形式。情态动词can后用动词原形，故将chose改为choose。
8．去掉it　考查定语从句。句中“any novel”是先行词，“you consider the best”是省略了引导词that的定语从句，引导词在定语从句中作consider的宾语，it是多余的，故去掉it。
9．Remembering→Remember　考查祈使句。此处是祈使句，动词用原形，故将Remembering改为Remember。
10．required前加is　考查动词的语态。此处指正确的发音是被需要的，“correct pronunciation”和动词“require”是被动关系，用被动语态，故在required前加is。
Passage 15
限时8分钟
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live． Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area． It is always crowded with customers at meal times． Some people even had to wait outside． My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest． Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking． My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time． Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady．
答案：
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live． Though not very big, the restaurant is popular in our area． It is always crowded with customers at meal times． Some people even to wait outside． My uncle tells me that the key to his success is ． Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables high quality oil are for cooking． My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in short period of time． Instead, he hopes that business will grow ．
1．that→where　考查宾语从句。where引导宾语从句且在从句中作状语。
2．去掉but　考查连词。though和but不能在同一个句子中连用。though引导让步状语从句。
3．had→have　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。文章通篇叙述的是客观事实，采用的是一般现在时，且句子的主语some people为复数，故需将had改为have。
4．honest→honesty　考查名词作表语。宾语从句中的主语为名词短语the key to his success，故从逻辑上看应该用名词作表语，来解释名词短语的含义，即“什么是什么”结构。
5．or→and　考查并列连词。此处表示并列关系，故用并列连词and。
6．using→used　考查动词的被动语态。主语fresh vegetables and high quality oil和use之间为被动关系，故需用被动语态。
7．becoming前加of　考查介词。从dreams后的动名词becoming可知此处应加一个介词of。dream of “梦想”。
8．the→a　考查冠词。in a short period of time“在短时间内”。
9．our→his　考查形容词性物主代词。由句子的主语he和后面的名词business可知，此处应用he的形容词性物主代词his。
10．steady→steadily　考查副词。此处用副词作状语修饰动词grow “增长”。steadily “(发展、增长等)稳步地，持续地”。
Passage 16
限时6分钟
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)The summer holiday is coming． My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday． We can chose between staying at home and take a trip． If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money． But in that case, we will learn little about world． If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books． Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby． I thought that it is a good idea． It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot．
答案：
The summer holiday is coming． My classmates and I are talking about to do during the holiday． We can between staying at home and a trip． If we stay at home, it is comfortable there is no need to spend money． But in that case, we will learn little about world． If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden view and gain we cannot get from books． Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby． I that it is a good idea． It does not cost ， yet we can still learn a lot．
1．how→what　考查“特殊疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的结构。do后边缺少宾语，且特殊疑问词表示“什么，什么事”，故用what。
2．chose→choose　考查情态动词。情态动词后应该用动词原形。
3．take→taking　考查非谓语动词。和staying并列，作between的宾语，故用taking。
4．but→and　考查并列连词。根据句意“如果我们待在家里，那将很舒服而且没有必要花钱”可知前后不是转折关系，而是并列关系。
5．world前加the　考查定冠词。world意为“社会，世界”时，前需要加定冠词the。
6．your→our　考查形容词性物主代词。此处为“我们能开阔我们的视野”，故把your改为our。
7．knowledges→knowledge　考查名词。knowledge意为“知识”，是不可数名词。
8．去掉can或can→should　考查虚拟语气。suggest “建议”后所接的从句的谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
9．thought→think　考查动词的时态。本句表示的是作者现在的看法而不是过去的看法。
10．many→much　考查代词。此处表示“不需要花费很多钱”，故用much。
Passage 17
限时7分钟
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me． They were also the best and worse years in my life． At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself． However, my parents didn't seem to think such． They always tell me what to do and how to do it． At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them． I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes． Now I am leaving home to college． At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help．
答案：
The teenage from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me． They were also the best and years in my life． At
the
first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yoursel． However, my parents didn't seem to think ． They always me what to do and how to do it． At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be from them． I showed them I was independent by strange clothes． Now I am leaving home college． At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help．
1．year→years　考查名词。由from 13 to 19及谓语were可知year应改为years。
2．worse→worst　考查形容词最高级。由并列连词and前的the best可知此处应用形容词的最高级形式。
3．去掉the　考查固定短语。at first “起初”为固定短语。
4．yourself→myself　考查反身代词。本句的主语为I，用反身代词myself，表示“我自己”。
5．such→so　考查副词。so在此处替代前文出现的“I knew everything and could make decisions by myself”。
6．tell→told　考查动词的时态。由前后文语境可知此处应使用一般过去时。
7．freely→free　考查固定短语。be free from“从……释放/解脱”为固定短语。
8．wear→wearing　考查动名词。by为介词，其后要接动名词。
9．to→for　考查固定短语。leave ．．． for ．．． “离开……去……”为固定短语。
10．need前加I　考查代词。whenever引导的时间状语从句缺主语，主句的主语为I，再由句意可知答案。
Passage 18
限时8分钟
(2016·四川高考)It is Mother's Day today． Though it's a western festival, it's popular in China now．
Mom has a full－time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks． She is a great mother． Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother's Day． We get up early in the morning． Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping． When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand． I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen． The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favoritest． At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother's Day！” Mom was grateful and moving．
答案：
It is Mother's Day today． Though it's a western festival, it's popular in China now．
Mom has a full－time job, she has to do most of the ． She is a great mother． Both Dad I planned to do something on Mother's Day． We up early in the morning． Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping． When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in hand． I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen． The dishes ⑧that/which或what I cooked were Mom's ． At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother's Day! ” Mom was grateful and ．
1．so→but　考查连词。两个分句之间为转折关系，并非因果关系，故用but。句意：妈妈有一份全职工作，但是她还得承担大部分家务活儿。
2．houseworks→housework　考查名词。housework“家务”，为不可数名词。
3．or→and　考查固定搭配。both ．．． and ．．． 为固定搭配，意为“……和……两者都……”。
4．get→got　考查动词的时态。根据上下文以及in the morning可知本句是在叙述过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
5．去掉went后的on　考查固定搭配。句意：爸爸打扫完房子，然后就去购物了。go shopping “去购物”。
6．her→his　考查代词。根据从句中的主语he可知此处为his。
7．kitchen前加the　考查冠词。此处特指家里的厨房，故在kitchen前加定冠词the。
8．what→that/which或去掉what　考查定语从句。先行词为the dishes，且定语从句中cooked后缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，因其在从句中作宾语，故也可以省略关系代词。
9．favoritest→favorite　考查名词。根据Mom's判断此处应为名词，favorite “最喜欢的人或事物”。
10．moving→moved　考查形容词。此处作表语，主语为Mom，故用moved(感动的)。moving“感人的，动人的”。
Passage 19
限时8分钟
(2019·辽宁省部分重点高中高三联考)Life is full of various experiences, some of them are unforgettable． I still remember the hiking experiences with my classmates for 16 km a year later． That summer day, we set off early in the morning, think it would be great fun to walk for so long a distance． However, with the weather is getting hotter and hotter, I found their legs heavier and heavier． What's worse, my feet began bleeding because long time pressing against the shoes． At one point, I even wanted to give up． But I managed to drag the rest of the way to the destination． Though not pleased, this journey was impressive or rewarding． I have learnt that life is a long journey like this． No matter what happened, we should never give up．
答案：
Life is full of various experiences, some of are unforgettable． I still remember the hiking with my classmates for 16 km a year ． That summer day, we set off early in the morning, it would be great fun to walk for so long a distance． However, with the weather getting hotter and hotter, I found legs heavier and heavier． What's worse, my feet began bleeding because long time pressing against the shoes． At one point, I even wanted to give up． But I managed to drag the rest of the way to the destination． Though not ， this journey was impressive rewarding． I have learnt that life is a long journey like this． No matter what ， we should never give up．
1．them→which　考查定语从句的引导词。两句之间用逗号连接，且无连接词，可推知后句是定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词experiences，介词of后应接关系代词which，故将them改为which。
2．experiences→experience　考查名词。此处表示远足经历，特指那一次经历，应用单数，故将experiences改为experience。
3．later→ago　考查副词。later表示“后来，随后”，此处指一年前的一次经历，ago “以前”，“一年前”应表述成a year ago。
4．think→thinking　考查非谓语动词。think与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，应用动词­ing形式在句中作状语，故将think改为thinking。
5．删除is　考查with复合结构。此处是with的复合结构，表示“随着天气越来越热”， weather和get之间存在主动关系，应用“with＋名词＋现在分词”结构，故删除is。
6．their→my　考查代词。此处指“我”发现“我”的腿越来越沉，描述“我”的情况，故将their改为my。
7．because后加of　考查介词。because引导从句，because of后接名词或动名词。句中long time pressing against the shoes是动名词短语，故在because后加of。
8．pleased→pleasant　考查形容词。pleased “高兴的”，指人的心情，此处主语是this journey指物，“令人愉快的”应用pleasant，故将pleased改为pleasant。
9．or→and　考查连词。句意：这段旅程是让人印象深刻的和有益的。impressive和 rewarding是并列关系，不是选择关系，故将or改为and。
10．happened→happens　考查动词的时态。此处指现实生活中，无论发生什么都不应该放弃。描述一般情况和作者的感悟，应用一般现在时，故将happened改为happens。
Passage 20
限时8分钟
(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三第二次调研)Have you ever had headache during a test? Have you ever been too concerned about something that you even can't sleep at night? If so, then you know that stress is． Too much stress can result in anger, depression and other related problems, which we need to take them seriously．
Therefore, not all stress was harmful to you． Some kinds of stress can help you get things do better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or when you are asked to deliver speech to your class． Stress sometimes can help push you to make full preparations for a test．
The best approach of reducing stress is to have a balance life． If you get enough sleep, eat properly, take more exercise and have enough fun time, you might feel more stressed．
答案：
Have you ever had headache during a test? Have you ever been concerned about something that you even can't sleep at night? If so, then you know stress is． Too much stress can result in anger, depression and other related problems, which we need to take seriously．
， not all stress harmful to you． Some kinds of stress can help you get things better, like when you are running towards the finishing line or when you are asked to deliver speech to your class． Stress sometimes can help push you to make full preparations for a test．
The best approach reducing stress is to have a life． If you get enough sleep, eat properly, take more exercise and have enough fun time, you might feel stressed．
1．headache前加a　考查冠词。句意：在你考试期间有过头疼吗？headache是可数名词，所以用单数，在headache前加a。
2．too→so　考查固定句型。句意：你是否曾经太担心一些事情，以至于晚上睡不着觉？so ．．． that “太……以至于”，该句型是固定句型，所以将too改为so。
3．that→what　考查宾语从句的连接词。动词know后面的部分为宾语从句，连接词作is的表语，且表示“什么”，故将know后面的that改为what。
4．删除them　考查非限制性定语从句。“which we need to take seriously”是非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作take的宾语，them多余，故删除。
5．Therefore→However　考查副词。句意：然而，并不是所有的压力都对我们有害。此处表示“然而”，是语意上的转折，所以将Therefore改为However。
6．was→is　考查动词的时态。描述客观事实应用一般现在时，故将was改为is。
7．do→done　考查宾语补足语。句意：有些压力能够让你把事情做得更好。things和do之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，即get sth． done结构，故将do改为done。
8．of→to　考查介词。approach作“方式；方法”讲，其后通常与“to”搭配，表示“……的方法”，故将of改为to。
9．balance→balanced　考查形容词。句意：最好的减压方法就是有一个平衡的生活。这里修饰名词life，用形容词balanced “平衡的”，所以将balance改为balanced。
10．more→less　考查副词。句意：如果你获得足够的睡眠，饮食合理，参加更多的运动，并且有足够的娱乐时间，你可能会更少地感觉到压力。此处表示“更少地”，所以将第二个more改为less。
Passage 21
限时8分钟
⊕(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)There is too many people and too many pollution on the earth． If we moved to the moon one day, how would life be like there？
In my opinion, life would be much more comfort on the moon than on the earth． There wouldn't be pollution or traffic jam． We could go wherever we like in one minute by the spaceship, which would be much fast than a train or an airplane． We would eat whatever you like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients． This is a place where I am always dreaming about．
答案：
There too many people and too pollution on the earth． If we moved to the moon one day， would life be like there？
In my opinion, life would be much more on the moon than on the earth． There wouldn't be pollution or traffic ． We could go wherever we like in one minute by spaceship, which would be much than a train or an airplane． We would eat whatever like without being concerned unhealthy ingredients． This is a place / I am always dreaming about．
1．is→are　考查主谓一致。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。本句为there be句型，主语为由and连接的名词短语，谓语动词应和最临近的主语在数上保持一致，故用are。
2．many→much　考查形容词。句意：地球上有太多的人和过多的污染。pollution为不可数名词，故用much修饰。
3．how→what　考查特殊疑问词。句意：如果有一天我们移民到月球的话，生活会怎么样呢？分析句子成分可知，本句中，like缺少宾语，故用特殊疑问词what。
4．comfort→comfortable　考查形容词。句意：与地球相比，月球上的生活会更舒适。分析句子可知，be动词后接形容词，故用comfortable。
5．jam→jams　考查名词。句意：月球上不会有污染或交通堵塞。traffic jam “交通堵塞”为可数名词，故用复数形式jams，表示泛指。
6．去掉the　考查冠词。句意：我们可以乘坐飞船去想去的地方，乘坐飞船比坐火车或者飞机要快得多。by spaceship “乘坐飞船”，故去掉the。
7．fast→faster　考查形容词的比较级。本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式faster。
8．you→we　考查人称代词。句意：我们可以吃想吃的东西，而不用担心不健康的原材料。分析句子可知，本句主语为we，故用第一人称we。
9．concerned后加about　考查介词。此处为短语be concerned about “为……担忧”，故加介词about。
10．where→which/that或去掉where　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这是一个我一直梦想着要去的地方。分析句子可知，从句中，about缺少宾语，故用关系代词which/that；由于关系代词作宾语，故也可以省略。
Passage 22
限时8分钟
⊕(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)With only one year to go before graduation, our class decided to plant tree not only to improve the surroundings of the school, but also to make a memory of our school life．
After purchase seedlings, we chose a place that the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine． We didn't realize how hardly it was until we began our work． None of us were familiar to planting, and nor did we knew how to use gardening tools． After many attempts, we dug holes and put seedlings into it． Then we grabbed soil fill up the holes． It was not so easy as imagined, and we successfully finished the task at the last．
答案：
With only one year to go before graduation, our class decided to plant not only to improve the surroundings of the school, but also to make a memory of our school life．
After seedlings, we chose a place the seedlings could get proper water and sunshine． We didn't realize how it was until we began our work． None of us were familiar planting, and nor did we how to use gardening tools． After many attempts, we dug holes and put seedlings into ． Then we grabbed soil fill up the holes． It was not so easy as imagined, we successfully finished the task at last．
1．tree→trees　考查名词。句意：由于只有一年就要毕业，为了改善学校的环境，也为了纪念我们的学校生活，我们班决定种树。根据句意可知，此处泛指“树”，故应用名词复数。
2．purchase→purchasing　考查非谓语动词。介词After后应跟动词­ing形式作宾语。
3．that→where　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：购买完幼苗之后，我们选择了一个使幼苗能得到适当的水和阳光的地方。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词“place”，且从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where引导该定语从句。
4．hardly→hard　考查形容词。句意：直到我们开始工作，我们才意识到这有多么困难。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词hard作表语，而hardly意为“几乎不”，在此处不符合语境。
5．to→with　考查介词。句意：我们都不熟悉种植，也不知道如何使用园艺工具。此处be familiar with ．．． 意为“熟悉……”，为固定用法。
6．knew→know　考查动词的时态。句意参见上题。nor放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，所以助动词did在前，此处用动词原形。
7．it→them　考查代词。句意：经过许多尝试，我们挖了坑，然后把幼苗放进坑里。根据句意可知，此处应用them指代前面提到的复数名词holes。
8．soil后加to　考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我们抓起泥土把坑填满。根据句意可知，此处用动词不定式表目的。
9．and→but　考查连词。句意：这并不像想象的那么容易，但是我们最终成功地完成了任务。根据句意可知，此处前后为转折关系，故用连词but，表示转折。
10．删除the　考查固定短语。at last意为“最终”，为固定短语。
Passage 23
限时7分钟
⊕(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive them． I have been getting my birthday presents but none of which have been remarkable so far． My parents always give me books which is fine but ordinary． Then, on my seventeen birthday, I got the best present ever． There was a white envelope． I opened it and find a key and a note． “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written on hand． It was from his Aunt Jess． I looked at the key more closely but I realized it was a car key． This was best present． I became the owner of my own car thanks to my generously aunt．
答案：
Most people expect their birthdays because of the presents they receive ． I have been getting my birthday presents but none of have been remarkable so far． My parents always give me books which fine but ordinary． Then, on my birthday, I got the best present ever． There was a white envelope． I opened it and a key and a note． “Happy birthday, my dear nephew！” was written hand． It was from Aunt Jess． I looked at the key more closely I realized it was a car key． This was best present． I became the owner of my own car thanks to my aunt．
1．删除them　考查定语从句。“they receive”是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词“the presents”，关系词在从句中作receive的宾语，所以them多余。
2．which→them　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句，此处并不是一个定语从句，所以把which改为them，指代my birthday presents。
3．is→are　考查主谓一致。which引导的定语从句修饰先行词books，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词books是复数，所以把is改为are。
4．seventeen→seventeenth　考查序数词。此处表示“在我第十七个生日”，应该用序数词，所以把seventeen改为seventeenth。
5．find→found　考查动词的时态。作者在回忆往事，表示发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，所以把find改为found。
6．on→by　考查介词。“生日快乐，我亲爱的侄子！”这些字是手写的。on hand “在手头，在近旁”，by hand “手工”，故把on改为by。
7．his→my　考查代词。根据上文可知，这里表示“它来自我的姑姑Jess”，所以把his改为my。
8．but→and　考查连词。“我”更近地看着这把钥匙，然后意识到它是一把汽车钥匙。此处表示顺承，所以把but改为and。
9．best前加the　考查冠词。这是最好的礼物。最高级前面用定冠词the。
10．generously→generous　考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，所以把generously改为generous。
Passage 24
限时7分钟
⊕(2019·郑州一中高三摸底测试)I have many friends and Lily is one of the best． We have been playing together before we were young． She is such pretty girl that when people meet him, they always say, “Oh, how lovely！” Lily is also very brave． One evening two weeks ago, my mum sent me to buy some salt or sugar downstair． When I was back on the stairway, I sudden saw a black shadow behind me． I was frightening and cried． On that very moment, Lily came． She rushed to the shadow and shouts loudly until it disappeared． Then we ran to home safely．
答案：
I have many friends and Lily is one of the best． We have been playing together we were young． She is such pretty girl that when people meet ， they always say, “Oh, how lovely！” Lily is also very brave． One evening two weeks ago, my mum sent me to buy some salt sugar ． When I was back on the stairway, I saw a black shadow behind me． I was and cried． that very moment, Lily came． She rushed to the shadow and loudly until it disappeared． Then we ran home safely．
1．before→since　考查连词。since意为“自从……以来”时，从句和主句的时态不一致，即：从句一般用过去时，主句用现在完成时，而before引导状语从句时，主从句时态一致。根据语境可知，此处用连词since。
2．such后加a　考查冠词。girl是单数可数名词，此处为第一次在文中出现，且pretty的发音以辅音音素开头。故用不定冠词a修饰。
3．him→her　考查代词。此处与文中的She呼应，故用代词her作宾语。
4．or→and　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处前后表示逻辑上的并列关系，而非选择关系，故用连词and。
5．downstair→downstairs　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词downstairs，在句中作状语。
6．sudden→suddenly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词suddenly修饰动词saw，在句中作状语。
7．frightening→frightened　考查形容词。根据句子的主语为I可知，这里应用frightened，形容人，意为“受惊的，害怕的”。而frightening作形容词，一般修饰物，意为“令人害怕的”。
8．On→At　考查介词。on表示具体的日期，而at表示具体的时间点，故用介词At。
9．shouts→shouted　考查动词的时态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，shout和rush为两个并列的动作，时态应保持一致，因此应用一般过去时shouted。
10．删除to　考查介词。home在此处是副词，故其前不用介词，直接在句中作状语，故删除to。
Passage 25
限时7分钟
⊕(2019·广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)Last weekend, after pay a visit to the city of New York, I visited the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, where lies in Washington, D．C．
The museum, which covers a area of 18,000 square meters, is made of 24 exhibition halls． All kinds of planes, rockets, missiles and spaceship of great importance and variously old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used are on display． In addition, I see copies of some satellites and aircraft． More interestingly, I tried operating on some aircraft by myself． During the visit, I took lots of pictures as well．
This brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of human space exploration． It made me more interesting in science and technology．
答案：
Last weekend, after a visit to the city of New York, I visited the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, lies in Washington, D．C．
The museum, which covers area of 18,000 square meters, is made of 24 exhibition halls． All kinds of planes, rockets, missiles and of great importance and old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used are on display． In addition, I copies of some satellites and aircraft． More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself． During the visit, I took lots of pictures as well．
This brief visit helped learn much about the history of human space exploration． It made me more in science and technology．
1．pay→paying　考查非谓语动词。根据该句中的介词after可知，该处作介词after的宾语，故用动名词形式。
2．where→which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，该句为包含非限制性定语从句的复合句；句中“the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution”为先行词，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。
3．a→an　考查不定冠词。area是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an。
4．made后加up　考查固定搭配。be made up of为固定搭配，意为“由……组成，由……构成”。此处表示：这个博物馆面积达18,000平方米，由24个展厅构成。
5．spaceship→spaceships　考查名词。spaceship为可数名词，根据该句中的“All kinds of”可知，该处应用其复数形式。
6．variously→various　考查形容词。此处修饰名词instruments，表示“各种各样的老式仪器”，故用形容词形式。
7．see→saw　考查动词的时态。根据本文首句中的“Last weekend”可知，本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故将see改为saw。
8．删除operating后的on　考查介词。operate为及物动词，在该处意为“操作”，后面直接跟宾语，故删除介词on。此处表示：更有趣的是，我亲自尝试操作了一些飞行器。
9．myself→me　考查代词。此处表示：此次短暂的参观帮助我学到了很多人类太空探索的历史。此处作help的宾语，故用me。
10．interesting→interested　考查形容词。此处表示：这让我对科学技术更感兴趣。由该句中的me可知，该处修饰人，表示“感兴趣的”，故用形容词interested。
Passage 26
限时8分钟
(2019·黑龙江省鹤岗一中高三月考)When I was a teenager, I was in an organization where was called the Tides． I, as well as other girls, was used to go camping together once a week and have fun play games． We often set up tents and prepared different kind of dishes． We only slept a few hours because so much girls of my age were in the same tent． We would stay up all night, chatting each other． Once, my birthday fall on one of those camping days． The girls gave her a cake and sang Happy Birthday to me． They were so kind that I was deep moved． At the end of the day, I went home late, exhausted, so I had a nice day．
答案：
When I was a teenager, I was in an organization was called the Tides． I, as well as other girls, was used to go camping together once a week and have fun games． We often set up tents and prepared different of dishes． We only slept a few hours because so girls of my age were in the same tent． We would stay up all night, chatting each other． Once, my birthday on one of those camping days． The girls gave a cake and sang Happy Birthday to me． They were so kind that I was moved． At the end of the day, I went home late, exhausted, I had a nice day．
1．where→which/that　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：当我还是个青少年的时候，我在一个叫作the Tides的组织里。此处an organization是先行词，指物，故把where改为which/that，在定语从句中作主语。
2．去掉was　考查固定搭配。句意：我和其他女孩一样，过去每周一起去露营一次，玩得很开心。used to do sth．表示“过去经常、习惯做某事”，故把was去掉。
3．play→playing　考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth．“开心地做某事”，故把play改为playing。
4．kind→kinds　考查名词。句意：我们经常搭帐篷，准备各种各样的菜。根据different可知，后面的名词用复数形式。
5．much→many　考查形容词。根据girls可知用many修饰。
6．chatting后加with　考查介词。chat with sb．“与某人聊天”，故在chatting后加with。
7．fall→fell　考查动词的时态。根据Once(曾经)可知，句子用一般过去时。
8．her→me　考查代词。句意：女孩们给了我一块蛋糕，给我唱了生日快乐歌。根据后面的me可知，把her改为me。
9．deep→deeply　考查副词。句意：她们是如此善良，我被深深地感动了。副词修饰动词，此处表抽象意义“深深地”，故把deep改为deeply。
10．so→but　考查并列连词。句意：一天结束的时候，我回家晚了，筋疲力尽，但我度过了美好的一天。前后是转折关系，故把so改为but。

短文改错策略探究(二)
六、形容词/副词的考查
考查形容词与名词、副词、动词等的混用，尤其是be动词和系动词后形容词误用为副词；修饰动词或句子时副词与形容词混用；形容词或副词的比较级和最高级误用等。
典例1　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)I felt happily that their life had improved．
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答案：happily→happy　考查形容词。动词felt是一个系动词，后面跟形容词作表语，故将happily改为happy。
典例2　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people．
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答案：larger→large　考查形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。此处没有比较的意境，故把larger改为large。
七、动词时态和语态的考查
动词错用主要是由于上、下文时态不一致或主动语态与被动语态使用错误。
典例1　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents． I find a change there．
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答案：find→found　考查动词的时态。结合前面的“last winter holiday”可知，本文描述的是过去发生的事情，故将find改为found。
典例2　(2018·天津高考改编)My washing machine is repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand．
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答案：is 后加being　考查动词的语态。根据本句中的时间状语“this week”和“so I have to wash my clothes by hand”可知，此处表示“洗衣机正在被修理”，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故在is后加being。
八、主谓一致的考查
当名词作主语时，需注意其为可数名词还是不可数名词、是单数还是复数形式，以此来确定谓语动词的单复数。定语从句中的谓语动词单复数应根据先行词而定。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well．
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答案：include→includes　考查主谓一致。第二个分句中的that作主语，指代learning，表示单数概念，因此谓语动词也使用第三人称单数形式。
九、非谓语动词的考查
非谓语动词的错用主要体现在介词或某些及物动词后的宾语的形式，及作状语、定语、补语等时非谓语动词的使用错误。避免错用的关键在于弄清楚与非谓语动词相关的时间概念及非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的主、被动关系。
典例1　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me．
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答案：watching→watch　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示无论“我”要求多少次要看动画片，ask to do sth． “要求做某事”，不定式作宾语，故将watching改为watch。
典例2　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish．
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答案：sell→selling　考查动名词。句子中by意为“凭借，靠”，是介词，后面的动词需要改为动名词，作宾语，故将sell改为selling。
十、不定式符号to的考查
短文改错中对不定式符号to的考查主要表现在不需要使用不定式符号to的地方反而出现to，和需要用带to的不定式作补语、定语、状语及一些固定用法时反而缺少to这两种情况。
典例1　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious．
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答案：take前加to　考查不定式。此处是be eager to do sth．，为固定结构，意为“渴望做某事”，因此在take前加to。
典例2　(2018·北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply to press the button and a highly­trained agent will get you the help you need．
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答案：去掉press前的to　考查不定式符号to。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理商就会使你得到你所需要的帮助。此处为固定句型：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。故把to删除。