高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题二语法运用 考点十三　语法填空 Word版含解析

这是一份高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题二语法运用 考点十三　语法填空 Word版含解析，共38页。试卷主要包含了________　2，________　6，yearly　考查词性转换，a　考查冠词，themselves　考查代词，as　考查介词，suppsed　考查固定搭配，knwing　考查非谓语动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题二　语法运用

考点十三　语法填空

　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　


Passage 1
限时8分钟
Chinese has overtaken French, Spanish and German to become one of the most lucrative (赚钱的) foreign__1__ (language) for job seekers in the UK． Research shows graduates in Chinese earn an average__2__ (year) salary of ￡31,000 (270,000 yuan) or more．
For students today, struggling with rising debt, __3__ degree in Chinese promises to set them apart in the workplace．
Chinese students set__4__ (they) up for a different university experience from their peers (同辈) who are taking traditional essay subjects． While an English student may have as little as six hours of contact time a week, those studying Chinese __5__ (be) in class for most of the day．
Hannah Jackson graduated in Chinese Studies from Sheffield University in 2009． She describes her course__6__ “majorly nervous”． In the second week of her first year, she was __7__ (suppose) to know more than someone who had taken Chinese at A­Level．
Hannah studied Chinese__8__ (know) she wanted a job working in business in China． She graduated at the height of the recession (衰退) and went to look for a job in Shanghai, __9__she found more employment opportunities．
“Studying Chinese definitely makes you more marketable in the workplace． People I studied Chinese with have found it __10__ (easy) to find a job，” she said．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．languages　考查名词。“one of the＋名词”结构，其中的名词用复数形式。
2．yearly　考查词性转换。yearly salary “年薪”。
3．a　考查冠词。a degree “一种学位”。
4．themselves　考查代词。当宾语与主语是同一个人或同一些人时，用反身代词作宾语。
5．are　考查主谓一致。those在句中作主语，且此处描述一个基本事实。
6．as　考查介词。describe ．．． as ．．． “把……描述为……”。
7．supposed　考查固定搭配。be supposed to do sth． “应该做某事”，且由时间状语“．．． of her first year”可知，本句应用一般过去时。
8．knowing　考查非谓语动词。作伴随状语，且由句子主语Hannah和know之间存在主动关系可知，应用动词­ing形式。
9．where　考查定语从句的引导词。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词Shanghai。
10．easier　考查形容词比较级。此处表示学习中文的人更容易就业，应用形容词的比较级作宾语补足语。
Passage 2
限时6分钟
Getting fit no longer __1__ (require) a pencil­and­paper workout plan or a food diary． If you're looking for some new and __2__ (create) ways to improve your health, try Fit Time．
It's like your personal trainer． After __3__ (get) all the information it needs—your height, weight, age, and exercise habits—it gives you a customized training course, __4__ asks you to work out four times a week for about two __5__ (month)． The exercises focus __6__ a different part of your body every day． For instance, on Monday, you do push­ups (俯卧撑) to build up your arms, and on Tuesday, you build up __7__ (strong) in your legs by doing deep knee bends． __8__ exercise plan changes as time goes by．
The best part of this app is that everyone can share __9__ (they) workout results and follow their training． It is a great way for you and your friends __10__ (encourage) each other to build strong bodies．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．requires　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文说明一款健身应用程序的功能，应用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语为单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，填requires。
2．creative　考查词性转换。所填词与and之前的new一并作定语，修饰ways，故后面也填形容词，故填creative。
3．getting　考查动名词。after此处用作介词，后接动词时，要用动名词，故填getting。
4．which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非限制性定语从句，空格处填关系代词，指代前一句的内容，并且作主语，故填which。
5．months　考查名词。根据句意此处用名词的复数形式，故填months。
6．on　考查介词。此处为固定搭配：focus on “集中注意力于……”。
7．strength　考查词性转换。由前面的动词短语build up可知，此处应填名词strength。
8．The　考查冠词。此处为特指前文所述的训练计划，故用the。
9．their　考查代词。此处根据句意应该填形容词性物主代词，故填their。
10．to encourage　考查非谓语动词。way后常接动词不定式作定语，故填to encourage。
Passage 3
限时8分钟
Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had __1__ interesting experience． When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic (算术)． His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents __2__ she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him． In this way, they also developed the idea, “Isn't __3__ too bad that Alfred can't do arithmetic？” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, __4__ (feel) that it was useless to try, and that he was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected．
One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he knew how to solve a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve．
Alder succeeded __5__ solving the problem． This gave him __6__ (confident)． He rejected the idea that he could not do arithmetic and was __7__ (determine) to show them that he could． His anger and his new­found faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit． He now worked with interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became __8__ (extraordinary) good at arithmetic． He not only proved that he could do arithmetic, but (also) learned early in life from his own experience, __9__ a person goes at a job __10__ determination and purpose, he may astonish himself as well as others by his ability．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．an　考查冠词。experience作“(一次)经历”讲时为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用不定冠词。又由interesting的发音是以元音音素开头的可知，填an。
2．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。“__2__she thought”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少宾语，且表示“……的事情”，故用what引导。
3．it　考查it作形式主语。设空处应为形式主语，后面的that从句为真正的主语，故用it。
4．feeling　考查非谓语动词。设空处前为完整的句子，且与后面结构之间没有连词，故判断设空处应为非谓语动词，且作状语。逻辑主语he与feel之间为主动关系，且与accepted同时发生，故设空处应填现在分词的一般式。
5．in　考查固定搭配。succeed in doing sth．为固定结构，意为“成功做某事”。
6．confidence　考查词性转换。give sb．sth．为固定结构，故设空处应用名词作宾语，confident的名词形式为confidence。
7．determined　考查固定搭配。be determined to do sth．为固定搭配，意为“决心做某事”。
8．extraordinarily　考查词性转换。设空处前为系动词，后为形容词，由此可判断设空处应为副词，作状语，修饰形容词good。extraordinary的副词形式为extraordinarily。
9．if　考查连词。句意：他不仅证明自己能做算术题，而且在他年轻时就从自己的经历中得知，如果一个人意志坚定地去做一件事，他有可能靠着自己的能力使自己和别人感到吃惊。设空处所填词连接宾语从句，作learned的宾语。该宾语从句中又含有一个状语从句，即“__9__ a person goes at a job __10__ determination and purpose”，根据上下文逻辑可知，设空处表示条件，故用if引导。
10．with　考查介词。with表示行为方式，意为“以……，带着”。又如：fight with courage “英勇作战”。
Passage 4
限时8分钟
Red is used in many American expressions． It can be used to show __1__ (happy), as in “a red­letter day”． This is a day __2__ something special happens． The expression is probably based on church customs． For almost six hundred years, church calendars __3__ (mark) with red to indicate special holidays． Today's calendars are still marked that way with the __4__ (mean) of holidays and special days printed in red．
The expression “a red­letter day” is often heard in everyday life． A red­letter day is a day when people are feeling quite happy． It may be a day that you've long waited for, a wedding day, for example, __5__ it may be a day with a happy surprise． You might tell your friend that yesterday was a red­letter day, __6__ you won some money in the state lottery (彩票)．
“Rolling out the red carpet” is another __7__ (common) heard expression, which __8__ (represent) a warm welcome of any kind． A city may “roll out the red carpet” for its baseball team when __9__ team arrives home after winning the championship．
Red is also used in some expressions that are not happy． Red­handed is one． To be caught red­handed is to be caught __10__ (perform) a wrong act．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．happiness　考查词性转换。此处表示它可以被用来表达快乐。该空作动词show的宾语，故填名词happiness，意为“幸福，快乐”。
2．when　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这是会有特别的事情发生的一天。先行词为时间名词a day，定语从句中缺时间状语，故填when。
3．have been marked　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在将近六百年的时间里，教会的日历常用红色标注出特殊的假日。mark和calendars之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且该动作一直持续到现在，对现在还有影响，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
4．meanings　考查词性转换。句意：现在的日历依然用那样的方式做标注，被印成红色的日期表明是假日和特殊的日子。根据空格前定冠词可知，此处填名词，后面的“holidays and special days”为复数形式，故此处也用复数形式，而且此处表示“含义”，故填meanings。
5．or　考查连词。句意：它或许是你期待了很久的一天，例如一个(举办)婚礼的日子，或者它可能是有快乐惊喜的一天。根据句意可知，前后为选择关系，故填并列连词or，意为“或者”。
6．because/when　考查状语从句的连接词或定语从句的引导词。句意：你或许会告诉你的朋友昨天是个好日子，因为你(买的)州彩票中奖了。根据句意可知，前后为因果关系，故可填because；填when也可以，引导非限制性定语从句。
7．commonly　考查词性转换。此处表示“铺上红地毯”，是另外一个常听到的表达。该空修饰过去分词heard，故填副词commonly。
8．represents　考查动词的时态与主谓一致。此处表示“那代表热情的欢迎”。关系代词which指代单数名词expression，且此处说的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填第三人称单数形式represents。
9．the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的“baseball team”，故填the。
10．performing　考查非谓语动词。句意：“抓现行”就是(某人)在做坏事时正好被抓住。catch sb．doing sth．这里意为“当场抓住某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾补。
Passage 5
限时6分钟
More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or __1__ (have) family teachers at weekends． There are two different viewpoints __2__ it．
Some think __3__ necessary． First of all, it's __4__ (effective) to study with a teacher than by themselves． Secondly, it can strengthen __5__ they have learned in class． Besides, they can learn a lot more． Others think it __6__ (necessary)． For one thing, students can easily form the habit of dependence． For __7__， students need time to relax from time to time． What's more, the purpose of many training classes and family teachers __8__ (be) to make money．
In my opinion, whether a training class or family teacher __9__ (need) just depends． Be sure to choose a good and __10__ (suit) class or teacher, or it would be a waste of time and money．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．having　考查并列结构的省略。句意：越来越多的中学生开始在周末参加各种各样的辅导班或者请家教。分析句子结构可知，or连接两个相同的成分：are going与are having。为了避免重复，省去第二个并列成分中的助动词are，故填having。
2．on　考查介词。句意：人们对此有两种不同的意见。根据句意可知，填介词on，意为“关于”。
3．it　考查代词。句意：一些人认为这是有必要的。根据句意可知，设空处指代上文提到的上辅导班或者请家教这件事。故填代词it。
4．more effective　考查形容词的比较级。句意：首先，有老师辅导比自学效率更高。根据下文中的提示词than可知，此处应用比较级。effective是多音节形容词，故填more effective。
5．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：其次，这样可以巩固他们在课堂上所学的内容。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，且意为“……的事物(东西)”。故填what。
6．unnecessary　考查词形转换。句意：另外一些人认为这没有必要。此处表述第二种观点，即相反的观点，故此处应该为否定意义。故填necessary的反义词unnecessary，意为“没必要的”。
7．another　考查固定搭配。句意：一方面，学生容易养成依赖的习惯；另一方面，学生们偶尔也需要时间放松。for one thing ．．．, for another ．．． 为固定搭配，意为“一方面……，另一方面……”。故填another。
8．is　考查主谓一致。句意：况且，许多辅导班和家教的目的就是为了赚钱。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是the purpose，为第三人称单数。故填is。
9．is needed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：依我看，是否需要上辅导班或者请家教要视情况而定。本句主语是whether引导的主语从句，从句中的主语a training class or family teacher与动词need之间存在被动关系，主语为单数，且此处描述作者的观点，应用一般现在时。故填is needed。
10．suitable　考查词性转换。句意：一定要选一个好的、合适的辅导班或者老师，要不然就是浪费时间和金钱。修饰名词应用形容词suitable。
Passage 6
限时6分钟
Over the years I have been teaching kids about a simple but powerful concept—the ant philosophy (哲学), an __1__ (amaze) four­part philosophy．
First, ants never quit． If they are heading somewhere and you try to stop them, they will climb over． They will climb under or climb around． They never quit __2__ (look) for a way to get where they __3__ (suppose) to go! Second, ants think about winter and summer． They are always gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making __4__ (prepare) for the long cold winter． So you have to think about storms in summer and think about rocks __5__ you enjoy the sand and sun． Third, ants think about summer all winter． During the winter, they remind __6__ (they), “This won't last long and we will soon be out of here．” On __7__ first warm day, the ants are out． If it __8__ (turn) cold again, they will dive back down． But they come out again if it is warm． Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All that it __9__ (possible) can． __10__ you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up , look ahead, stay positive and do all you can!
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．amazing　考查非谓语动词。此处修饰物，用amazing。
2．looking　考查动名词。quit doing sth．“停止做某事”。 故填looking。
3．are supposed　考查固定短语。be supposed to do sth．“应该做某事” ，故填are supposed。
4．preparations　考查词性转换。根据句意用prepare的名词形式preparations，即固定短语make preparations for。
5．when/as　考查状语从句的连接词。表示时间，用连词when或as都可以。
6．themselves　考查代词。根据句意“他们提醒他们自己”，用反身代词themselves。
7．the　考查冠词。表示顺序时序数词前用定冠词the。
8．turns　考查动词的时态。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，故用turns。
9．possibly　考查词性转换。修饰动词，故用副词possibly。
10．What　考查名词性从句的连接词。“________ you can learn from the ant philosophy”是主语从句，从句中缺宾语，意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用What引导名词性从句。
Passage 7
限时7分钟
I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how __1__ (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes __2__ (fix) upon me． I had no __3__ (choose) but to prepare for it, though． First of all, I was to draft the speech, which was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer． But the hard part __4__ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for to read from the paper was not allowed． The real moment began __5__ I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank． But my __6__ (listen) were still waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me． Gradually I found myself back, giving out my speech with difficulty． After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made __7__！ From then on, my fear of talking before an audience __8__ (appear)． Actually with my confidence built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker． Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way __9__ success is our fear． Overcome it, __10__ we will be able to achieve our goals．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者九岁那年第一次当众演讲，十分恐惧和害羞，但是最终成功了。从此，作者明白了一个道理：人生路上，只有克服恐惧，才能实现目标。
1．terribly　考查词性转换。句意：你能想象，我一想到要在那么多双眼睛的注视下演讲，我是多么害羞。形容词shy需要副词来修饰，此处terribly意为“很，非常，极度”，故填terribly。
2．fixed　考查非谓语动词。由短语fix one's eyes on ．．． 可知fix和eyes之间存在动宾关系，故用fix的过去分词形式。
3．choice　考查词性转换。句意：然而，我没有别的选择，只能为演讲做好准备。no后应接名词，故填choice。
4．lay　考查动词的时态。此处表示但是困难的部分在于作者的口头陈述。由语境可知，这是对过去事情的回忆，故用一般过去时。表示“在于”时，lie的过去式是lay。
5．when　考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：当我站在讲台上双腿发抖，大脑一片空白时，真正(考验我)的时刻到了。根据句意可知，此处需要填时间状语从句的连接词when，意为“当……的时候”。
6．listeners　考查词性转换。句意：但是我的听众们还在耐心地等我，没有催促我的迹象。形容词性物主代词后要跟名词，故用名词listener，意为“听众”；由后面的谓语动词were可知，此处应填其复数形式。
7．it　考查固定短语。make it意为“获得成功；准时到达”，为固定短语。
8．disappeared　考查词形转换和动词的时态。根据上下文可知，作者在第一次演讲中克服了恐惧，故填appear的反义词disappear，意为“消失”；因为该动作发生在过去，故填disappeared。
9．to　考查固定短语。句意：回首过去，我知道在我们通往成功的路上最大的困难就是我们的恐惧。on one's way to意为“在某人通往……的路上”，为固定短语。
10．and　考查连词。句意：克服了它，我们就能实现我们的目标。这里运用了“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”的句型，本句中的陈述句表顺承的结果，需填and。
Passage 8
限时7分钟
Tyler Thompson is __1__ unlikely star in the world of Peking Opera．The 15­year­old from Oakland has fascinated audiences in the US and China with his ability __2__ (sing) pitch­perfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form． The teen, __3__ is black and only speaks some basic Chinese, has been praised by teachers since he __4__ (pick) up the music as a kindergartener．“As soon as he opens __5__ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel very proud of him，” said his music teacher． “When he puts on the costume and all the acting, you can see that he is pretty good．”
Tyler has learned to sing several well­known pieces of Peking Opera, a centuries­old form of musical theater __6__ (know) for its highly structured costumes, changing gongs (锣) and cymbals (钹), wide­ranging voices and highly stylized __7__ (move)． Tyler got __8__ (stand) cheers when he performed __9__ Justice Bao, a famous Song Dynasty judge who fought corruption, from the Chinese classic Bao Qingtian．“The music is very beautiful, and it's very passionate，” said Tyler． “It's made me __10__ (want) to know more about the world outside of America or California or Oakland．”
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．an　考查冠词。star是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰；形容词unlikely的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。
2．to sing　考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth．意为“做某事的能力”，为固定搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。
3．who　考查定语从句的连接词。who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词The teen。
4．picked　考查动词的时态。since意为“自从”时，引导的状语从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
5．his　考查代词。根据mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句子中作定语。
6．known　考查非谓语动词。know和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且know和其逻辑主语form之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
7．movements　考查词性转换。根据and可知，此处与名词voices呼应，故用名词的复数形式，即movements。
8．standing　考查形容词。由空后的名词cheers可知，此处应用形容词形式修饰名词，standing意为“站着进行的”，表示Tyler得到了(观众的)起立欢呼。
9．as　考查介词。此处as意为“作为”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，与performed呼应，表示扮演的角色，符合语境。
10．want　考查非谓语动词。make sb． do sth． “使某人做某事”，应用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填want。
Passage 9
限时8分钟
Many students may feel __1__ (stress) because of their parents． Most parents have good intentions, __2__ some of them aren't very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in __3__ (adjust) to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children's __4__ (difficulty)．
For one thing, parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face． They don't realize that the __5__ (compete) is stronger, that the required standards of work are __6__ (high), and that their children may not be prepared for __7__ change． They may be upset by their children's poor grades． At their kindest, they may __8__ (gentle) ask why John or Mary isn't doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on． At their worst, they may threaten __9__ (take) their children out of college or cut off living expenses．
Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine __10__ their children do with their lives． They forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．stressed　考查词性转换。句意：许多学生或许因为他们的父母而感到焦虑不安。名词stress有两个派生形容词：stressed意为“焦虑不安的，无法放松的”；stressful意为“充满压力的，紧张的”。此处是形容人的心理状态，故填stressed。
2．but/yet　考查连词。此处表示大多数父母意图良好，但有些父母对他们的儿女在适应大学生活上遇到的问题没有多大帮助。由空格前的good和空格后的aren't very helpful可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故填but/yet。
3．adjusting　考查非谓语动词。此处使用了have problems in doing sth．这一结构，意为“做某事有困难”。其中“their sons and daughters ．．． to college”是定语从句，修饰先行词the problems; 关系代词that/which作have的宾语，代替problems，但已被省略。动名词短语作介词in的宾语，故填adjusting。
4．difficulties　考查名词。此处表示一些父母似乎费尽心思增加孩子们的困难。名词所有格中的名词为复数形式，此处需要接名词复数形式，意为“困难的事”，故填difficulties。
5．competition　考查词性转换。此处表示他们没有意识到竞争更激烈了。由前面的定冠词可知，此处应填名词，compete的名词形式为competition。
6．higher　考查形容词的比较级。此处表示要求的工作标准更高了。由上文的stronger可知，此处也用比较级。
7．the　考查冠词。此处表示他们的孩子或许还没有为这种改变做好准备。此处要用the来特指上文提到的变化。
8．gently　考查词性转换。此处表示“他们会温和地问为什么约翰或玛丽没有表现更好”。动词ask需要用副词来修饰。
9．to take　考查固定搭配。句意：最糟糕的是，他们会威胁孩子们不让他们上大学或不再给他们提供生活费用。threaten to do sth．意为“威胁要做某事”，为固定短语。
10．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：有时父母认为由他们来决定孩子的生活方式是正确且正常的事。谓语动词determine后的宾语从句中do缺少宾语，意为“……的事情(东西)”，故填what。what sb． do with sth． 为常用句式结构，意为“某人如何处理某事”。
Passage 10
限时7分钟
Longjing tea, __1__ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color, taste and shape, __2__ (name) after its production region—Longjing Village of West Lake． The good environment and water resources have contributed much to the __3__ (grow) of the tea, confirming the saying that “Longjing tea is the __4__ (good) among all of the teas in the world”．
Thanks __5__ the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, the tea has earned a high reputation． The story went that the Qianlong Emperor visited a mountain during his Hangzhou travels, and he saw some ladies picking the tea at __6__ foot of the mountain． He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself．
While __7__ (pick)the tea, he received the news of his mother's illness, so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and __8__ (leave) Hangzhou for Beijing． He visited his mother __9__ (immediate) upon his arrival in Beijing, and his mother smelt the fragrance of the tea leaves from his right sleeve and wanted to have a taste． After drinking a cup of tea, she found herself completely __10__ (refresh), and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses． From then on, it was listed as the tribute tea．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．which　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：龙井茶因为其色泽、味道和外形而居于中国十大名茶之首，它以其生产地区——西湖龙井村而命名。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为表示物的“Longjing tea”，所以用which引导该定语从句。
2．is named　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处主语Longjing tea与动词name之间为被动关系，且叙述一般的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。
3．growth　考查词性转换。良好的环境和水资源对茶的生长贡献良多。根据空前的定冠词和空后的“of the tea”可知，此处用名词growth。
4．best　考查形容词的最高级。龙井茶是世界上所有茶叶中最好的。根据语境可知，此处用形容词的最高级，且由空前的定冠词the及空后的“among all of the teas in the world”也可知应用形容词最高级。
5．to　考查固定搭配。thanks to意为“幸亏，由于”，为固定搭配。
6．the　考查冠词。他看见一些女士在山脚下采茶叶。此处at the foot of the mountain意为“在山脚下”，为固定用法。
7．picking　考查非谓语动词。句意：在采茶叶的时候，他收到了他的母亲生病的消息，所以他漫不经心地把茶叶放到他右边的袖子里，离开杭州去北京。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处为分词作状语，动词pick与其逻辑主语he之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。
8．left　考查动词的时态。句意参见上题。本段叙述的是发生在过去的事，所以用一般过去时，且and前的received和put也是提示。
9．immediately　考查词性转换。他一到北京，就立即去拜访母亲。此处修饰动词visited应用副词。
10．refreshed　考查词性转换。喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神。find oneself＋adj．意为“发现某人自己……”，此处用形容词作宾语补足语。

语法填空解题策略探究(一)
一、有提示词填空题的解题技巧
1．提示词为动词
(1)若句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，则所给动词在句子中作谓语，这时就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致及虚拟语气。
典例1　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)________ (remove) the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze．
答案：Remove　and连接并列谓语remove和place，故填Remove。
(2)若所给提示词为动词，又不在句中作谓语时，应考虑用其非谓语动词形式。
典例2　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________ (improve) water quality．
答案：to improve　根据前面的“The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice”可知，政府鼓励农民们种植更多的玉米而不是水稻来提高水质，此处是目的状语，故填to improve。
2．提示词为名词
如果给出的提示词是名词，一种情况是考查词形变化，词性不变，如：变成名词复数形式、名词所有格等；另一种情况是考查名词与其他词类的转化，如：转化成形容词、副词等。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)．
答案：causes　根据句意“每天仅仅跑5～10分钟就能降低所有因素导致的心脏病和早逝的风险”以及all可知，cause用复数形式。
3．提示词为形容词或副词
如果括号内给出的是形容词或副词，一种情况是考查词性转换，如：形容词与副词之间的转换、形容词或副词与名词、动词等之间的转换；另一种情况是考查比较级，一般有表示范围的介词短语in/of ．．． 或定语从句，或空格前有the时，要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle．
答案：actually　根据语境，此处修饰介词短语behind the change，使用副词作状语。

Passage 1
限时7分钟
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __1__ (long) than non­runners． You don't have to run fast or for long __2__ (see) the benefit． You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __3__ (die) early by running．
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __4__ (be) more effective at lengthening life __5__ walking, cycling or swimming． Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __6__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __7__ (cause)．
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do． But otherwise ．．． it's probably running． To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __8__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes． Running is cheap, easy and it's always __9__ (energy)． If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __10__ a try．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．longer　考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据空格后的than可知用比较级，故填longer。
2．to see　考查非谓语动词。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
3．dying　考查非谓语动词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然可以通过跑步减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
4．is　考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，用一般现在时。故填is。
5．than　考查比较句型。根据空格前的more effective可知，此处填than。
6．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处a study是先行词，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
7．causes　考查名词的复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能降低各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡的风险。根据句意可知用复数形式，故填causes。
8．strengthen　考查词性转换。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
9．energetic　考查词性转换。跑步总是让人充满活力。根据空格前的it's可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
10．it/running　考查代词。或许我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为“试试”，或填名词running，指跑步这一运动。
Passage 2
限时8分钟
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop． Since 2011, the country __1__ (grow)more corn than rice． Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent．
A taste for meat is __3__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle． Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __4__ (improve) water quality． Corn uses less water __5__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff． This switch has decreased __6__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people．
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total __7__ (globe) fertilizer consumption． The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government __8__ (start) a soil­testing program__9__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7．7 million tons． That prevented the emission (排放) of 51．8 million tons of carbon dioxide． China's approach to protecting its environment while __10__ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．has grown　考查动词的时态。since后接时间点，句子要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
2．the　考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。此处特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
3．actually　考查词性转换。句意：对肉的喜爱实际上是这种变化背后的原因。此处用副词修饰be动词is。故填actually。
4．to improve　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米，而不是水稻。此处用不定式表示目的。故填to improve。
5．than　考查连词。句意：玉米比水稻使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，应填用于两个事物进行比较的连词。故填than。
6．pollution　考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国主要的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
7．global　考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
8．started　考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。此处描述的是过去的行为，故用一般过去时。
9．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词program，关系词在从句中作主语。故填that或者which。
10．feeding　考查状语从句的省略。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略了China is。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填feeding。
Passage 3
限时8分钟
(2019·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)In today's world of mobile payment, all we really need __1__ (survive) is a smartphone． But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again, by __2__ (bring) them into the digital age．
Armenian firm Volterman's smart wallet takes security to a new level． It's fitted with different technology, such as __3__ alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera． If your smartphone and wallet become separate, the alarm will warn you __4__ you don't leave it behind． And if your wallet __5__ (lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it．
Even __6__ (interesting) is the front­facing camera． “If someone dares to open your wallet __7__ permission, a little camera inside __8__ (take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone． You will find it __9__ (easy) by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan, Volterman's founder, told news site Banks． am．
The high­tech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three __10__ (model), with the cheapest expected to cost $ 179．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．to survive　考查非谓语动词。need to do sth．为固定搭配，意为“需要做某事”。句意：在当今的移动支付世界，我们生存真正需要的是一部智能手机。
2．bringing　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。句意：但有一家公司希望通过将传统钱包带入数字时代，让它们再次变酷。
3．an　考查冠词。根据该句中的“a GPS tracker, and even a camera”并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。
4．so　考查连词。句意：如果你的智能手机和钱包分开了，警报器会提醒你，这样你就不会忘记它。根据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。
5．is lost　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到它。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示丢失的状态，故用is lost。
6．more interesting　考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到的情况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感兴趣的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。
7．without　考查介词。根据语境可知，如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。without permission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法。
8．will take　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。句意：如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。
9．easily　考查词性转换。空处修饰动词“find”，故用副词形式。
10．models　考查名词。model为可数名词，根据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。句意：这种高科技钱包的三个模型将于今年晚些时候上市，预计最便宜的价格是179美元。
Passage 4
限时6分钟
(2018·浙江高考)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook． Making Chinese __1__ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome． Many westerners __2__ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __3__ can be to eat out． I still remember __4__ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I __5__ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time．
While regularly eating out seems to __6__ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost． The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be __7__ (afford) but doing this most days adds up． There could be an even __8__ (high) cost on your health． Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in __9__ (weigh) problems．
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home __10__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her． Cooking food can be fun． You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．dishes　考查名词复数。dish是可数名词，此处指中国菜，应用其复数形式，故填dishes。
2．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是westerners，指人，空格处在从句中作主语，所以应用who或that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。
3．it　考查it的用法。根据句意可知，此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式to eat out作真正的主语。故填it。
4．visiting　考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth．“记得做过某事”；remember to do sth．“记得要做某事”。此处拜访朋友是已经发生的事情，所以应用动名词形式。故填visiting。
5．was shocked　考查动词的时态和语态。此处指当“我”知道她从未做过饭时，“我”感到很震惊。动词shock与主语I之间是动宾关系，指“我”被惊到了；结合“when I learnt”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was shocked。
6．have become　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时。seem to have done “似乎已经做过”。故填have become。
7．affordable　考查词性转换。be动词后应接形容词。affordable “付得起的”，符合语境。故填affordable。
8．higher　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处指经常出去吃饭甚至会让你付出更高的健康代价。even用来修饰形容词的比较级，表示加重某种程度。故填higher。
9．weight　考查词性转换。此处用名词作定语，表示所修饰名词的性质、特点。故填weight。
10．for　考查介词。此处应用介词for表示目的，go to your mum's home for dinner “去母亲家吃饭”。故填for。
Passage 5
限时6分钟
(2019·安徽省合肥市调研)Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature．
A Chinese garden __1__ (be) like a scroll (卷轴) painting, __2__ (show) a series of carefully composed scenes． New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways． In the gardens, __3__ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere． There, a path seems to end, but all of __4__ sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions (亭子), rock formations, spring waters—all combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the __5__ (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall __6__ (use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall． A Chinese garden may have windows on all __7__ (it) four walls． And it is __8__ (interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged．
A Chinese garden is where culture is both created and enjoyed． All plants mark the shift of the __9__ (season)． Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever­changing, __10__ rocks, a symbol of the eternal (永恒的), create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．is　考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子可知，本句中的主语是单数形式，且叙述客观现象，所以谓语动词要用is。
2．showing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子“A Chinese garden __1__ (be) like a scroll (卷轴) painting, __2__ (show) a series of carefully composed scenes．”可知，本句中的show在句子中作定语，修饰主语painting，二者是主动关系，故用showing。
3．what　考查名词性从句。分析句子“In the gardens, __3__ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere．”可知，句中主语从句中缺少主语，且意为“……的事物(东西)”，故填what。
4．a　考查固定搭配。all of a sudden为固定搭配，意为“突然地”，故填a。
5．entrance　考查词性转换。分析句子可知，本句中的enter前有定冠词the，在英语中the修饰的是名词，故要用enter的名词形式entrance。
6．used　考查非谓语动词。本句中的use是作stone or wall 的定语，表示用石头或墙来遮挡视线。因此二者是被动关系，故填used。
7．its　考查代词。分析句子可知，此处表示公园的墙，故填its(它的)。
8．interesting　考查词性转换。It is＋adj．＋that从句，而interest是名词，所以用其形容词interesting，作表语。
9．seasons　考查名词。一年有四季，故应用复数形式seasons。
10．and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，water和rocks二者是并列的主语，所以要填and。
Passage 6
限时8分钟
(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三第二次调研)Adversity (逆境) can beat you down, __1__ probably it also has the ability to make you stronger． The impact and ultimate result depend on __2__ you do with the difficulties that come in your way．
Beethoven composed one of his __3__ (great) works after going deaf． Sir Walter Raleigh wrote The History of the World during his thirteen­year imprisonment． Had Columbus turned back, no one could __4__ (blame) him． Of course, no one would have remembered __5__， either． Abraham Lincoln made great achievements by his display of wisdom during the Civil War．
Eventually, consider a more recent example． For sixteen years, Mary Groda­Lewis had a difficult time in recognizing and comprehending the written words on account of a learning disorder． She __6__ (put) in prison on two different occasions and almost died of a stroke when __7__ (bear) a child． Committed to going to college, she did a variety of odd jobs to save money． When she graduated from high school at eighteen, she was considered as an outstanding student and finally entered college __8__ (success)． Determined to become a doctor, she received many medical school __9__ (reject) before Albany Medical College finally accepted her． In 1984，Dr Mary Groda­Lewis, __10__ was thirty­five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．but/yet　考查连词。句意：逆境可能会打倒你，但是也可能会让你变得更强。前后句表示转折关系，所以填but/yet。
2．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。“__2__ you do with the difficulties that come in your way”作动词短语depend on的宾语，设空处引导该宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，表示“所……的事情”，所以填what。
3．greatest　考查形容词的最高级。句意：贝多芬在耳朵失聪以后，创作了他最伟大的作品之一。文中表示“最伟大的”，应用最高级，所以填greatest。
4．have blamed　考查虚拟语气。句意：如果哥伦布中途返回，没有人会责备他。与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋had done＋其他，主句：主语＋should/would/could/might＋have done＋其他，所以填have blamed。
5．him　考查代词。句意：当然，也没有人会记得他。该空指代上文的“哥伦布”，作动词宾语应用宾格，所以填him。
6．was put　考查动词的时态和语态。发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“She”和“put in prison”两者之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以填was put。
7．bearing　考查非谓语动词。 此处bear的逻辑主语是she，两者之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作时间状语，所以填bearing。
8．successfully　考查词性转换。该空修饰动词entered，应用副词，所以填successfully。
9．rejections　考查词性转换。句意：在奥尔巴尼医学院最终接受她之前，她被许多医学院拒绝。该空作received的宾语，用名词，且被many修饰，应用可数名词的复数形式，所以填rejections。
10．who　考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。“__10__ was thirty­five years old then”是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Dr Mary Groda­Lewis”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以填who。
Passage 7
限时8分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt． This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) __1__ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __2__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet． They are required __3__ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions． When fat and salt __4__ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something． As __5__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing． Even __6__ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up． Fast food __7__ (be) full of fat and salt; by __8__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However, be __9__ (care) not to go to extremes． Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __10__ is not good for the health．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．as　考查介词。此处指“作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法”，所以用介词as。
2．effects　考查名词的复数。side effect “副作用”，effect在句中为可数名词，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知名词effect用复数形式effects。
3．to process　考查非谓语动词。require sth． to do sth． “需要某物做某事”，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process。
4．are removed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语“fat and salt”是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。
5．a　考查冠词。as a result “结果”，是固定搭配。
6．worse　考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse “甚至更糟的是”。
7．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food (快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。
8．eating　考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。
9．careful　考查词性转换。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。
10．which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。
Passage 8
限时8分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London． It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __1__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and __2__ work． It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method． This included digging up the road, __3__ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over __4__ top． When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced．
Steam engines __5__ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been __6__ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise． However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using __7__ every day．
Later, engineers __8__ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube． This development was only possible with the __9__ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts． The Central London Railway was one of the most __10__ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900． It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．crowds　考查名词的复数。crowd在本句中意为“人群”，是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。
2．from　考查介词。to and from work为固定搭配，意为“往返，来来回回”。此处表示“上下班”。
3．laying　考查非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据“digging”及“building”可知，lay也应用动名词形式。
4．the　考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。
5．were used　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。steam engines与use是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，且主语是复数，故用一般过去时的被动语态were used。
6．fairly　考查词性转换。所填词修饰形容词unpleasant，故用fair的副词形式fairly。
7．it　考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。
8．managed　考查动词的时态。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
9．introduction　考查词性转换。空格前是the，其后是介词of，故空格处应用名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。
10．successful　考查词性转换。空格前有the most，再结合句意，应表示“最成功的一个”，故此处应填success的形容词形式successful。
Passage 9
限时8分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh­faced and full of life．Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A­level course． But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term __1__ (rest)． Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as __2__ model in New York．
Sarah __3__ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year． Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime． But Sarah, __4__ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants __5__ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty． She is determined to carry on with her __6__ (educate)．
She has turned down several __7__ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies． After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree __8__ engineering or architecture．
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now． But at the moment, school __9__ (come) first． I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling． It is __10__ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal． I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more．”
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．resting　考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth．为固定搭配，句意：……萨拉没有把半学期的时间用来休息。
2．a　考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6,500英镑。model是可数名词，在此表泛指，且读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
3．has been told/was told　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。
4．who　考查定语从句的引导词。引导词代替先行词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。
5．to prove　考查固定搭配。want to do sth． “想要做某事”，为固定搭配。
6．education　考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。
7．invitations　考查名词的复数。several “几个”，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。
8．in　考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture “工程学或建筑学学位”。
9．comes　考查动词的时态。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。
10．certainly　考查词性转换。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun, certain的副词形式为certainly。
Passage 10
限时7分钟
(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small __1__ (carrot) and was about to throw them away． But something made her look closer, and she noticed a __2__ (shine) object． Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long­lost wedding ring．
Pahlsson screamed __3__ loudly that her daughter came running from the house． “She thought I had hurt __4__ (I)，” says Pahlsson．
Sixteen years __5__ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring __6__ (cook) a meal． When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone． She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't． Pahlsson and her husband __7__ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing． “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says． She never replaced it．
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __8__ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, __9__ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it． For Pahlsson, its return was __10__ wonder．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．carrots　考查名词的复数。a handful of “一把”，后接可数名词的复数形式。
2．shiny/shining　考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。
3．so　考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成句型so ．．． that ．．． ，意为“如此……以至于……”。so修饰副词loudly。
4．myself　考查反身代词。句意：她以为我伤到了自己。根据宾语从句的主语I和语境可知，宾语应用第一人称的反身代词myself。
5．earlier　考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier “早在16年前”。
6．to cook　考查非谓语动词。莉娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式表目的。
7．searched　考查动词的时态。该句中but后的turned up是一般过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用其一般过去式。
8．swept　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，动词sweep与the ring之间是动宾关系，即“戒指是被扫进了厨房的垃圾堆里”，应用sweep的过去分词形式。故填swept。
9．where　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
10．a　考查冠词。此处是抽象名词具体化，a wonder意为“一个奇迹”。
Passage 11
限时8分钟
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of __1__ (great) and less importance． Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __2__ (achieve)． Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __3__ (be) often acceptable．
Most of us are more focused __4__ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day． So, get an early start and try to be as productive __5__ possible before lunch． This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished．
Recent __6__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __7__ (regular)． Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __8__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy．
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely __9__ (bring) your work home． It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, __10__ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．greater　考查形容词的比较级。根据此句中的less可知，应该用great的比较级和less并列。
2．achievement　考查词性转换。根据介词of可知，设空处应该填名词形式。a sense of achievement “一种成就感”，此处achievement是不可数名词。
3．is　考查主谓一致和时态。动名词作句子主语，谓语动词用单数形式且描述一般事实，故用is。
4．on　考查介词。句意：我们大多数人早晨比一天中晚些时候更专注于我们的工作。be focused on “专注于……”，故此处填on。
5．as　考查固定短语。as ．．． as possible “尽可能……”。
6．studies　考查名词的复数。根据句中的谓语动词show可知，主语应该用名词复数形式，故填studies。
7．regularly　考查词性转换。此处应该用副词形式作状语，修饰take short breaks。
8．a　考查冠词。for a while是固定短语，意为“一会儿”。
9．to bring　考查非谓语动词。be likely to do sth．为固定短语，意为“有可能做某事”。
10．make　考查祈使句。句意：但是无论是什么事，确保它是消除日常压力的事情而不是另一件让人感到忧虑的事情。此处为祈使句，故用动词原形。
Passage 12
限时7分钟
(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测底)I chose to study abroad because I knew I would be exposed to knowledge that I couldn't gain __1__ (sit) inside a classroom． Studying abroad was one of the best __2__ (decision) I had ever made． I chose China, because China is one of the early civilizations __3__ a rich history and culture and I thought studying abroad would give me the chance to learn more about the country． As a visiting scholar, my dream of studying abroad in China became a __4__ (real)．
I went to China in the summer of 2017． My time there was an __5__ (impress) experience． Every day was a new adventure． __6__ I enjoyed most was that I had culture classes where I could learn about Chinese calligraphy, Beijing opera, Chinese literature, Chinese cooking and many __7__ (much) subjects． The mix of learning about the language and culture made each day of class enjoyable．
I believe that the key to a successful study abroad __8__ (be) the attitude you carry． Going to China, I had a very positive attitude． I knew there might be problems, __9__ I saw them as opportunities for learning． My time in China has really made me more __10__ (cultural) aware of diversity, which adds to my positive attitude．
1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________
5．________　6．________　7．________　8．________
9．________　10．________

1．sitting　考查非谓语动词。该句中主语I和sit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，空处作伴随状语，故用现在分词。句意：我选择出国留学是因为我知道我将会接触到一些知识，而这些知识是我坐在教室里无法获得的。
2．decisions　考查名词。decision为可数名词，由该句中的“one of”可知，空处用名词的复数形式。句意：出国留学是我作过的最好的决定之一。
3．with　考查介词。根据该句中的“a rich history and culture”可知，“我”选择中国，因为中国有灿烂的历史和文化。with表示“有，带有”，符合语境，故空处填with。
4．reality　考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词“a”可知，空处用real的名词形式reality。句意：作为一名访问学者，我在中国留学的梦想变成了现实。
5．impressive　考查词性转换。根据空前的“an”和空后的名词“experience”可知，空处修饰该名词，应用impress的形容词形式impressive，表示“给人印象深刻的”。
6．What　考查主语从句的连接词。句意：我最喜欢的是上文化课，在文化课上我可以学到中国书法、京剧、中国文学、中国烹饪和更多科目。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且作及物动词enjoy的宾语；又根据该句句意可知，应用what引导该主语从句。
7．more　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示“更多的”，故用much的比较级more。
8．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句的主语为the key，为单数形式，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是一般性的情况，应用一般现在时，故空处用is。句意：我认为成功出国留学的关键在于你的态度。
9．but/yet　考查连词。根据空前的“我知道可能会遇到问题”和空后的“我将它们视为学习的机会”可知，空处前后的内容为转折关系，故用转折连词but或yet。
10．culturally　考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词aware，故用cultural的副词形式culturally。句意：我在中国的日子确实让我更加意识到文化的多样性，这也让我的态度更加积极。

语法填空解题策略探究(二)
二、无提示词填空题的解题技巧
无提示词填空题要求考生在不给出提示词的情况下填出符合上下文逻辑、语法、句法的单词，主要考查代词、冠词、介词、并列连词、引导词(引导状语从句、名词性从句及定语从句等的词)、助动词、情态动词和固定搭配、特殊句式等。
1．填代词
在简单句或并列句中，如果空格处所填的词是句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分，而且与前面曾经提到的人或物有指代关系，则要考虑人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等。在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺少主语或宾语，一定是填代词。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive．
答案：them　考查代词(人称代词)。人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。
2．填冠词
弄清句子结构，若设空处后为名词，设空处为名词的修饰语，又无提示词，表示泛指或特指意义，则可确定设空处应填冠词(a, an, the)。若是固定短语，可根据固定搭配选择适当的冠词。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Unexpectedly, I'm face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs．
答案：the　考查冠词(定冠词)。at the top of one's lungs是固定短语，意为“大声地，声嘶力竭地”，因此填定冠词the。
3．填介词
若设空后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且它们不作主语或动词宾语时，很可能就是填介词。再者就是根据介词与某些名词、动词、形容词等的固定搭配来确定是否填介词和填哪个介词。如：access to, devote ．．． to, benefit from, stop/keep/prevent sb． from doing, be aware of, be tired of等。
典例　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing．
答案：for　考查介词。此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。search for意为“搜寻”。
4．填连词
空格处是否需要连词来连接前后句子，主要是通过分析句子结构和逻辑关系来确定。这种情况一般是空格前后具有并列关系，如：两个主谓结构完整的句子、词、短语等，而且并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择等关系，或空格前后是因果关系。
典例　(2018·河南省六市高三第一次联考)People were able to communicate better, address issues faster and become aware of things happening around the world by watching the news． We all have at least one TV memory that will last a lifetime． ________ there is undoubtedly a bad side to TV．
答案：But　考查连词。上句介绍电视给我们带来的好处，下句there is undoubtedly a bad side to TV在说电视的缺点，前后句是转折关系，故填But。
5．填引导词或连接词
(1)如果引导状语从句，一般要根据主从句之间的关系及引导词的意思判断，如：表示“如果”用if，表示“直到”用until/till，表示“因为”用because/as/since等。
典例1　(2019·江西新余四中高三段考)________ we persist in this practice, gradually we'll learn how to express ourselves in English．
答案：If　考查从属连词。从属连词用于引导状语从句。句意：如果我们坚持这种做法，逐渐地我们就会学会用英语来表达自己的想法。故填If，引导条件状语从句。
(2)如果引导名词性从句，主要是通过判断引导词在从句中是否作成分，如果作成分，具体作主语、宾语还是状语等；如果不作成分，是否有实际意义。
典例2　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere． I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic．
答案：which　考查名词性从句的连接词。根据下文的“me or the female gorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，不确定哪一个更害怕。故填连接代词which。
(3)如果引导定语从句，首先要判断引导词在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语，然后再通过先行词指人、指物，还是表示时间、地点、原因再做最后的决定。解题方法：联系上下文找关系。
典例3　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil­testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7．7 million tons．
答案：that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析前面的a soil­testing program是指物的先行词，再根据定语从句中缺少主语，后面是动词作谓语，故填that/which。
6．填特殊句式、固定搭配中的缺失词
特殊句式(强调句型、there be句型、感叹句、祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句、not only ．．． but also ．．． 结构等)及固定搭配(play a part/role in, make up one's mind, pay attention to等)需要考生在平时学习中加强积累。
典例　(2018·天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house________we saw Lily in the passenger seat．
答案：that　考查强调句型。句意：只有当车停在我们的房子前面，我们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座位上。本句强调的是only when引导的时间状语从句。强调句的结构是：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分，被强调的部分只有指人时才可用who，所以此处填that。