江苏专版2023_2024学年新教材高中英语Unit3Backtothepast素养培优练一牛津译林版选择性必修第三册

素养培优练（一）

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

Dogs can smell fear, but can they smell out the truth? It turns out, dogs are pretty good at picking up on human behavior. A team led by Akiko Takaoka of Kyoto University in Japan conducted a study which found out that dogs actually know if you're to be believed or not.

The study involved tricking dogs in the name of science. Humans have known for a long time that if you point at an object, a dog will run to it. Researchers applied this information in their study. During the experiment, they pointed at a container that was filled with hidden food. Sure enough, the dogs ran towards the container. Then, they pointed at a container that was empty. The dogs ran towards it, but found that it had no food. The third time the researchers pointed at a container with food, the dogs refused to go there. They knew the person pointing wasn't reliable based on their previous experience. 36 dogs were used in the experiment, and every single dog wouldn't go towards the container the third time. This experiment proves that dogs can spot a liar or that dogs have major trust issues.

In other words, if you lie to your dog, your dog forms the opinion that your words aren't good and will behave accordingly. “Dogs have more complex social intelligence than we thought. This social intelligence evolved selectively in their long life history with humans, ” said Takaoka, who was also surprised that dogs were quick when they “devalued the reliability of a human”.

John Bradshaw of the University of Bristol in the UK, who wasn't involved in this study, says that the results indicate that dogs prefer predictability. When gestures are inconsistent, dogs tend to become nervous and stressed. The researchers plan to repeat the experiment with wolves to look into the “effects of domestication” on dogs.

1. What does Takaoka's study focus on?

A. Dogs' relationship with humans. B. Dogs' reaction when cheated.

C. Whether dogs can recognize lies. D. Whether dogs can smell fear.

2. What can we learn about the study from Paragraph 2?

A. 12 dogs were tested each time.

B. Researchers took advantage of dogs' habits.

C. The same container was used in the three stages.

D. Dogs were trained to smell out food before the experiment.

3. What do Takaoka's words in Paragraph 3 imply about dogs?

A. They are more intelligent than humans.

B. They used to devalue humans' reliability.

C. They have evolved high social intelligence.

D. They react quickly to humans' gestures.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Wolves tend to get used to inconsistency.

B. Wolves can be domesticated like dogs.

C. Dogs are good at predicting human behavior.

D. Dogs are easily influenced by changes.

B

Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar's studio, occasionally turning a page of his book. The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan garden at the Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens. For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books.

Phillip E. Bloom, director of the Center for East Asian Garden Studies, said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan goes back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants, but after research, they realized plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden. Eventually, it was decided to model a garden on 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats（隐居处） in Suzhou.

The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry Huntington, founder of the Huntington Library, was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books, artworks and to create gardens. “Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle, ” he added.

To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou, giving rise to collaboration between US and Chinese architects, contractors and designers. In all stages of construction, artisans（工匠） from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue.

After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020, Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4. 6 hectares of new landscape, making it one of the largest classical-style Chinese gardens in the world. The additions include courtyards displaying penjing, a scholar's studio, a pavilion（亭子） situated at the garden's highest point, etc.

Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. “A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly, ” Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.

5. What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan?

A. It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou.

B. It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone.

C. It became the largest garden after being expanded.

D. It promotes cultural exchanges between America and China.

6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. The introduction to the founder.

B. The fame of Suzhou classical gardens.

C. The features of a scholarly lifestyle.

D. The reasons for modeling a Suzhou garden.

7. What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. Negotiation. B. Cooperation. C. Inspiration. D. Contradiction.

8. Why did Bloom mention local people's interactions with the garden?

A. To show its cultural significance. B. To detail its architectural features.

C. To promote its diverse activities. D. To boost its international fame.

Ⅱ. 七选五

Applying the correct time management skills and tips can help you get more organized and increase productivity. The more of these tools you learn to use, the more you will get done each day.

    1     First, get your work list ready for the following day the evening or night before. The best exercise is for you to plan your entire next day as the last thing you do before coming home from work. When you plan your day the night before, your subconscious then goes to work on your plans and goals while you are asleep. Very often you will wake up in the morning with ideas and insights that apply to the work of the day.     2     A major reason for insomnia is your lying awake trying not to forget to remember everything that you have to do the following day.

Schedule your time.     3     The very act of using your organizational skills to plan your day, week, and month, gives you a greater feeling of control and will help increase productivity throughout your day. You'll feel in charge of your life. Mastering your time organization actually increases your self-esteem and improves your sense of personal power.

Start early. To increase productivity, start your day early.     4     In the biographies and autobiographies of successful men and women, almost all of them have one thing in common. They developed great organizational skills and the habit of going to bed at a reasonable hour and rising early. Many successful people arise at 5:00 a. m. or 5:30 a. m.     5     As a result, they are always more effective than those who sleep in until the last possible moment.

A.Prepare in advance.

B.It reduces stress and releases energy.

C.Increase productivity with prime time.

D.Then they can have enough time to think and plan for the coming day.

E.Your most important work requires that you be at your best, and creative.

F.A major benefit of doing so is that this exercise lets you sleep more soundly.

G.The more time you take to think and plan, the better organized you will be in your life.

Ⅲ. 完形填空

The teacher who changed my life was Marjorie HurD. She actually set the     1     of my life in the new land I entered as a young war refugee（难民）.

Shortly after I met Marjorie Hurd, I was     2    . She introduced me to the     3     wealth of Greece—giving me a new     4     on my war-ravaged（受战争蹂躏的） homelanD. I began to be proud of my     5    .

One day, after     6     how writers should write about what they know, she     7     us to compose an essay from our own experience. Then looking at me, she     8    , “Nick, I want you to write about what happened to your family back in Greece. ” I had been trying to put those     9     memories behind me and left the assignment until the last moment. Then I     10     the essay, hoping never to see it again, but Miss Hurd     11     the essay to a contest sponsored by the Worcester paper and it won a medal.

For the first time I began to understand the     12     of the written worD. I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on. After graduation, I became the     13     of the Worcester paper. When the paper     14     a picture of me standing next to President Kennedy, my father cut out the photograph and     15     it in his breast pocket for the rest of his life to show everyone he met.

1. A. sign B. course C. form D. cycle

2. A. hesitant B. awkward C. shocked D. impressed

3. A. literary B. family C. personal D. military

4. A. feedback B. perspective C. emphasis D. influence

5. A. lives B. schools C. origins D. teachers

6. A. discussing B. inquiring C. justifying D. anticipating

7. A. assigned B. challenged C. persuaded D. promised

8. A. complained B. sighed C. shouted D. added

9. A. pleasant B. unclear C. painful D. temporary

10. A. subscribed to B. gave up C. picked out D. handed in

11. A. compared B. submitted C. donated D. attached

12. A. magic B. mode C. fault D. principle

13. A. waiter B. reader C. editor D. monitor

14. A. renewed B. polished C. displayed D. interpreted

15. A. found B. carried C. noticed D. forgot

素养培优练（一）

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

1. C

[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“日本京都大学的高冈明子领导的一个研究小组进行了一项研究, 发现狗实际上知道你是否值得相信”可知, 高冈的研究重点是狗能否知道人类是否可信, 即狗是否能够识别谎言。

2. B

[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知, 这项研究涉及以科学的名义欺骗狗。人类早就知道, 如果你指向一个物体, 一条狗就会跑向它。研究人员在研究中应用了这些信息。

3. C

[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段Takaoka的话可知, 狗的社交智力比我们想象的要复杂。这种社交智力是在它们与人类漫长的生活史中有选择地进化而来的。这说明狗在与人类漫长的生活史中进化出了高度的社交智力。

4. D

[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 狗更喜欢可预测性。当手势不一致时, 狗往往会变得紧张。由此推知, 狗很容易受到变化的影响。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狗善于了解人类的行为, 它们实际上可以知道人类是否值得相信。

5. D

[解析]细节理解题。由文章最后一句可知, 流芳园超越了国际界限, 弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟, 因此推动了中美的文化交流。

6. D

[解析]主旨大意题。根据第三段首句可知, 做出这一决定的部分原因是苏州古典园林的名气, 但也因为Huntington和苏州园林有相似之处。这说明这一段在介绍仿造苏州园林的原因。

7. B

[解析]词义猜测题。所在句子里有中美的建筑师、承包商、设计师, 所以他们之间应该是需要合作。故选B。

8. A

[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 这个园林通过展示艺术和文学作品, 超越了国际界限, 为两国的文化差异架起了桥梁。这说明园林的价值既在于建筑本身, 也在于它的文化交流意义。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了流芳园的建造灵感和重新开放的过程。

Ⅱ. 七选五

1. A

[解析]后文提到了在前一天晚上准备好第二天的工作清单, 由此可知是在建议提前准备。故A项“提前准备”符合语境。

2. F

[解析]根据上文可知, 应承接上文说明这么做的好处：让你睡得更香。故F项“这样做的一个主要好处是可以让你睡得更香”符合语境。

3. B

[解析]根据后文可知, 本段的主旨是安排好时间, 且后文提到了掌握你的时间安排实际上会增加你的自尊, 提高你的个人力量感, 即好处是“减轻压力, 释放能量”。故B项“它能减轻压力, 释放能量”符合语境。

4. G

[解析]上文提到“早开始。要提高工作效率, 就早点开始一天的工作”，后文提到了成功人士养成了良好的组织能力和在合理的时间睡觉和早起的习惯, 即计划自己的时间可以让生活更有条理。故G项“你花越多的时间去思考和计划, 你的生活就会越有条理”符合语境。

5. D

[解析]上文提到“许多成功人士早上5点或5点半起床”，本句承接上文说明早起对成功人士的好处和作用：让他们有足够的时间来思考和计划接下来的一天。故D项“这样他们就有足够的时间来思考和计划接下来的一天”符合语境。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。你会管理时间吗？你是否觉得时间不够用？本文教你如何正确管理时间。

Ⅲ. 完形填空

1. B

[解析]根据后文“of my life in the new land I entered as a young war refugee”可知, 老师设定了作者在新土地上的人生轨迹。

2. D

[解析]根据后文“I began to be proud of my”可知, 老师改变了作者对自己出身的看法, 所以是印象深刻的。

3. A

[解析]对应后文“I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on. ”可知, 此处指希腊丰富的文学。

4. B

[解析]根据后文“on my war-ravaged homeland”可知, 希腊的文学让作者对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识。

5. C

[解析]结合上文可知, 作者对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识, 开始对自己的出身感到骄傲。

6. A

[解析]根据后文“how writers should write about what they know”可知, 先讨论作家应该如何把自己知道的东西写出来的方法, 再让学生自己创作。

7. A

[解析]呼应后文“left the assignment”, 指给学生布置作业。

8. D

[解析]根据后文“Nick, I want you to write about what happened to your family back in Greece. ”可知, 这是老师对作者额外说的话, 所以是补充。

9. C

[解析]对应第一段作者对此痛苦的记忆。

10. D

[解析]根据后文可知, 作者上交了作文。

11. B

[解析]根据后文“the essay to a contest”可知, 老师把这篇作文提交给了一个竞赛。

12. A

[解析]根据后文“I followed the literary path that Miss Hurd had once set me on. ”可知, 作者从这件事中明白了文字的魔力。

13. C

[解析]由语境可知, 此处指成为报社的编辑。

14. C

[解析]报纸刊登作者和肯尼迪总统站在一起的照片。

15. B

[解析]根据后文“in his breast pocket for the rest of his life to show everyone he met”可知, 父亲随身带着这张照片。

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了曾是战争难民的作者, 在老师的引导下走上了文学道路的故事。