高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection同步达标检测题

第三单元过关检测(B卷)

第一部分　听力

第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

FrancesStevensReeseWoodlandTrailGuide

The Woodland Trail (小径) was opened to the public on October 21,1997.Boscobel’s Board of Directors adopted a formal decision of naming the Woodland Trail in honour of the former Boscobel Board member,Frances Stevens Reese (1917—2003),one year after her death.

The trail is approximately 10 miles in length,leading down to Constitution Forest.When the West Point Glass Factory was operating during the Civil War,trees for miles around were cleared to provide firewood.Walking out of the forest,you will find a large mass of native hard rock about three billion years old.

Throughout this country path,you will find picture boards identifying birds and plants local to this region.You will also find signs with historical and environmental information written by area specialists.

When you take a walk through this “undiscovered” forest land,please be a considerate guest.

● Before walking along the trail,please purchase a pass in the Carriage House.Plan ahead,so you will be back by closing time.

● Follow the trail markers and remain on the trail.Besides protecting the fragile forest ecosystem,you will reduce the risk of getting hurt by poisonous plants and snakes.

● Leave rocks,plants,animals and artworks where you see them so that the person behind you can have the same experience.

● Carry out whatever you carry in because there are no rubbish containers on the trail.If you happen to see a piece of litter,be a good guest and pick it up.

21.When was the trail named to honour Frances Stevens Reese?

A.In 1917.　　　　　　　B.In 1997.

C.In 2003. D.In 2004.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Boscobel’sBoardofDirectorsadoptedaformaldecisionofnamingtheWoodlandTrailinhonouroftheformerBoscobelBoardmember,FrancesStevensReese(1917—2003),oneyearafterherdeath.”可知,弗朗西斯·史蒂文斯·里斯于2003年去世,在她去世一年后,博斯科贝尔董事会正式通过了一项决议,即为了纪念弗朗西斯·史蒂文斯·里斯,以她的名字命名了这条林地步道。故选D项。

22.What can you see along the trail?

A.Rock houses. B.Information signs. 

C.A glass factory. D.An old battle field.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,在这条步道上,你会发现一些标识本地鸟类和植物的图板,以及由当地专家撰写的有关历史和环境信息的标志。故选B项。

23.What should you do as a thoughtful visitor?

A.Leave the wildlife undisturbed. 

B.Throw the rubbish into the dustbins.

C.Make reservations in the Carriage House. 

D.Protect the markers of the Woodland Trail.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第三条注意事项可知,不要乱动看到的石头、植物、动物和艺术品,以便让后来的人也能有同样的体验。故选A项,表示“不要打扰野生生物”。

B

A UK charity has helped rescue two baby orangutans (猩猩) who were found by the police in West Borneo caged and ready to be sold through social media to illegal buyers.A man was arrested for the illegal deals of wildlife both directly and by using online social media sites.The two orangutans,a one-year-old male and an eight-month-old female,who were discovered in tiny cages are now in the care of International Animal Rescue (IAR) at its centre in Ketapang,Borneo.

A spokeswoman for the charity based in Uckfield,East Sussex,said,“The general condition of the two orangutans is fair,although both are in the state of being in extreme danger and needing urgent help.One of them is rocking back and forth—this is an abnormal behaviour presented by animals in extremely stressful conditions.”

David Muhammad,head of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry,said the orangutans were captured by a hunter in Sintang,Indonesia,and collected by the arrested man who was selling them for about ￡175.Orangutans in Borneo have experienced rapid declines of up to 60% in the last 50 years,according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).Bornean orangutan is now declared “critically endangered” as forests shrink.The two new arrivals bring the total number of orangutans in IAR’s centre in Ketapang to 111.

Karmele Llano Sanchez,a programme director of IAR Indonesia,said,“Having such a large number of orangutans undergoing rehabilitation (康复),with more having to be rescued,makes it harder and harder to find safe places where we can release them.If we do not address the root cause of the problem,we will never stop the decline of orangutans in the wild.”

24.What do we know about the two baby orangutans from the first paragraph?

A.They are actually baby twins. 

B.They are being well looked after.

C.The police caged them for safety. 

D.A charity was the first to find them.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知猩猩是警察发现的;在被发现之前就已经被用笼子装起来了,两只猩猩也不是双胞胎;根据第一段最后一句“Thetwoorangutans,...arenowinthecareofInternationalAnimalRescue(IAR)atitscentreinKetapang,Borneo.”可知,两只猩猩正处在人们的关爱照顾之中。故选B项。

25.Why is one of the two baby orangutans rocking back and forth?

A.Because it is celebrating its good health condition.

B.Because it is cheering at its winning freedom again.

C.Because extreme stress tends to make it rock repeatedly.

D.Because it shows that they need immediate medical care.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Oneofthemisrockingbackandforth—thisisanabnormalbehaviourpresentedbyanimalsinextremelystressfulconditions.”可知,前后摇晃是动物在极度紧张的情况下的行为。故选C项。

26.What causes Bornean orangutans endangered according to paragraph 3?

A.Illegal hunting. B.Wildlife trade.

C.Decreasing forests. D.Forest conservation.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Borneanorangutanisnowdeclared ‘criticallyendangered’ asforestsshrink.”可知,随着森林的减少,猩猩处在极度濒危之中。故选C项。

27.What may be the root cause of the decline of orangutans in the wild?

A.Orangutans have no more safe place to live in.

B.A number of orangutans have not been set free.

C.Lots of orangutans are waiting for urgent rescue.

D.The decline of orangutans is clearly unavoidable.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的makesitharderandhardertofindsafeplaces可知,猩猩数量下降的根本原因是找不到更多它们可以生存的安全的地方。故选A项。

C

Tuvalu,a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean,has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea.

Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu’s nine little islands is more than five metres above sea level.Salt water is already entering the country’s drinking water supply,as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable.Without urgent help,the country’s days are numbered.

But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea.Venice,a historic city in Italy best known for its canals,has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years.Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50 cm by 2050.A century ago,St Mark’s Square,the lowest point in the city,flooded about nine times a year.Nowadays,it happens more than 100 times.While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands,global warming causes Tuvalu’s rising sea level.

The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century;scientists expect it to rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years.

Warmer weather makes glaciers melt,adding more water to the ocean.The warmer temperatures also make water expand,so it takes up more space,causing the sea level to rise.The sea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years.

The main cause of global warming is human pollution.Through burning coal,oil and gas,people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,such as carbon dioxide.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect,making the planet even warmer.

Many scientists believe that if the warming is not stopped,there will be huge climate changes.The sea level could rise by one metre this century.

Should this come true,the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with “climate refugees” looking for somewhere to live. 

28.What can we infer from the second paragraph?

A.Tuvalu has some five-metre-high islands.

B.Tuvalu has received help from many countries.

C.Tuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the sea.

D.Tuvalu has to supply people with seawater for drinking.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第二段介绍的情况推断,图瓦卢处在被大海吞噬的危险之中。故选C项。图瓦卢的9个小岛超出海平面都不足5米,可排除A项;图瓦卢请求得到帮助,但文章并没有说明有多少国家提供了帮助,可排除B项;海水已进入饮用水,但并不是说把海水当饮用水,可排除D项。

29.What does the author want to explain with the examples of Tuvalu and Venice?

A.They will disappear in the near future.

B.Their trouble is caused by global warming.

C.They are the first places sinking into the sea.

D.They are sinking into the mud where they stand.

答案B

解析推理判断题。第二和第三段作者以图瓦卢和威尼斯为例,说明了它们共同的处境,第三段结尾作者得出了结论,是全球变暖导致了这种后果。故选B项。

30.What is the right order of the following events?

a.Glaciers began to melt.

b.People burn coal,oil and gas.

c.The greenhouse effect is growing.

d.Earth is getting warmer and warmer.

e.The sea level is rising.

f.More carbon dioxide is produced.

g.Many places are sinking into the sea.

A.d,f,b,c,a,e,g B.b,f,c,d,e,a,g 

C.f,c,b,d,a,e,g D.b,f,c,d,a,e,g

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据文章介绍可知这些事件的顺序为:人们燃烧煤、油、气;产生大量的二氧化碳;温室效应加剧;地球变暖;冰川融化;海平面上升;很多地方被海洋吞噬。故选D项。

31.What does the underlined phrase “climate refugees” in the last paragraph mean?

A.People not used to the seaside climate.

B.People having great effect on the climate.

C.People doing great damage to the climate.

D.People forced to leave their homeland by climate.

答案D

解析词义猜测题。最后作者作出假设,如果本世纪海平面上升1米,就会吞噬千百万家园,“climaterefugees”就会到处找地方生存,由此推断,“climaterefugees”指“气候难民”。

D

In recent weeks,wildfires — largely a result of increasingly frequent or more severe dry weather — destroying entire communities in California,have left thousands homeless and millions with air polluted by smoke.Meanwhile,scientists report that evermore powerful heat waves have cost the lives of tens of thousands in recent years.

The climate crisis has already had a bad effect on our lives by worsening heat waves,increasing spread of diseases,causing harmful air pollution and endangering our food security.It is not surprising to say that the climate crisis brings serious and urgent danger to millions of people on the planet,especially the poor,the elderly,children and those already suffering from existing illnesses.

Extreme heat has already made some parts of the world not fit for living.In the United States,heat waves are sending more and more people to the emergency room and causing more deaths each year than floods,and even hurricanes and typhoons combined.

At the same time,rising temperatures add even more energy and violence to the disastrous storms we see leveling communities from the Carolinas to the Philippines during increasingly deadly hurricane and typhoon seasons.

A warmer world also means a friendlier world for mosquitoes and other pests that carry infectious diseases like Zika,malaria and Lyme.Not only are they able to live longer and reproduce more often,but they’re also able to travel and spread these diseases farther than before.Mosquitoes already kill more people each year than all other species — including humans — combined,so increasing numbers and ranges due to warmer temperatures will only worsen their consequence.

We can draw a direct line from burning fuels to the higher temperatures making our world an increasingly dangerous place.But perhaps the most immediate and widespread health effect of pumping dangerous emissions into our atmosphere is the air pollution it brings to our cities and towns.

32.What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A.The main reason of wildfires. 

B.The damage brought by wildfires.

C.The consequence of extreme climate. 

D.The air pollution caused by heat weaves.

答案C

解析段落大意题。第一段主要介绍了最近发生在加利福尼亚州的野火和近几年来热浪给人们生命财产造成的巨大损失,也就是极端气候带来的严重后果。故选C项。

33.Which of the following are the biggest dangers in the U.S.?

A.Floods. B.Typhoons. 

C.Hurricanes. D.Heat waves.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第三段可知,极端的热浪在美国使越来越多的人被送进急诊室,每年造成的死亡人数超过洪水,甚至龙卷风和台风的总和,所以最大的危险是热浪。

34.Why are mosquitoes more dangerous in warmer temperatures?

A.They spread diseases to wider ranges.

B.Their bites are more difficult to get rid of.

C.Their numbers are bigger than all other species.

D.They pump more dangerous emissions into our atmosphere.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的travelandspreadthesediseasesfartherthanbefore可知,在温暖的地方,蚊子可以飞得更远,疾病也传播得更远,也就是范围更广。故选A项。

35.What is the best title for the text?

A.Mosquitoes Are Our Greatest Danger

B.The Climate Crisis Is a Survival Crisis

C.It’s High Time to Protect the Environment

D.Air Pollution Contributes to Higher Temperatures

答案B

解析标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了高温、热浪等极端气候带来的危害,已经威胁到人类的生存。故选B项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Hotels in Shanghai are requested to stop offering disposable toiletries(一次性洗漱用品) unless customers ask,in order to make efforts to reduce waste and pursue(追求) green development.　36　.The move is stated in a set of regulations on garbage sorting and recycling that went into effect in Shanghai. 

Under the new regulations,most household plastic wastes should be sorted and recycled.The city also encourages individuals and companies to reduce their use of disposable plastic products.Kunlun Jing An hotel is one of those that answered the government call that “not offering disposable toiletries unless asked”.　37　.“Shanghai is taking a lead in the country to fight against plastic waste,” said Gerd Knaust,general manager of Kunlun Jing An hotel.“Hotels should make contributions to sorting and recycling garbage.　38　.” 

　39　.“It is a good thing to reduce waste in daily life,” said Zhang Wei,40,from east China’s Shandong Province who checked in the hotel for a business trip.He brought a reusable toothbrush after being informed by the hotel in advance. 

At least 6.5 million sets of disposable toiletries are said to be used every day if the occupancy rate(入住率) is 50 percent for the 13 to 15 million hotel rooms across China,said Du Liangliang of the Hotel Business Unit of Ctrip,China’s leading online travel agency.“　40　,” Du said. 

A.The hotel said the new measure will help reduce plastic waste

B.Guests are encouraged to use recyclable toiletries during their stay

C.If hotels stop offering disposable toiletries,it will be great progress

D.It is one of the steps that the government takes to protect our environment

E.Also,we should encourage customers worldwide to lead an eco-friendly life

F.The hotel has informed people of the change through online and offline means

G.Plastic products harm our environment so greatly that we shall reduce their use

答案36.B　37.A　38.E　39.F　40.C

第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分;满分15分)

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　41　.He learnt the value and beauty of 　42　 there from a very young age. 

When he was 16,Molai began to notice something 　43　 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　44　 it caused had driven away a number of birds.　45　,the number of snakes had declined as well.He 　46　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　47　.The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　48　 during the daytime.He turned to the 　49　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However,Molai went looking on his own and 　50　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 

　51　 young plants in the dry season was 　52　 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 　53　 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　54　 rainwater.The water would then drip on the plants below. 

Molai 　55　 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 

41.A.dream B.job

C.home D.choice

答案C

解析根据上文可知,Molai是在一个小村庄长大,小村庄是Molai的家,那么湿地应该是他的第二个家。

42.A.nature B.youth

C.culture D.knowledge

答案A

解析根据语境可知,Molai居住的小村庄旁边就是湿地,他从小就懂得了……的价值和美丽。首先湿地与大自然相关,其次下文讲的是Molai种树改善环境的故事,故判断此处Molai懂得的是大自然的价值和美丽。

43.A.precious B.interesting

C.disturbing D.awkward

答案C

解析上文提到valueandbeauty,下文提到洪水暴发,鸟和蛇的数量减少,由此可知,Molai所在的地方发生了不好的事情。disturbing“令人不安的;引起恐慌的”,awkward“令人尴尬/难堪的”,故disturbing符合语境。

44.A.waste B.tension

C.pain D.damage

答案D

解析根据洪水和鸟的数量减少之间的因果关系判断,只有D项damage符合语境。

45.A.Besides B.However

C.Therefore D.Otherwise

答案A

解析上文提到鸟的数量减少了,下文提到蛇的数量也减少了,两者之间是并列的顺承关系,besides表示“并且;而且”,衔接最恰当。

46.A.agreed B.realised

C.remembered  D.predicted

答案B

解析上文提到发生了不好的事情,鸟和蛇的数量都减少了,Molai应“意识到”是因为没有足够多的树为它们提供保护。

47.A.noise  B.heat

C.disease D.dust

答案B

解析根据树和鸟、蛇之间的关系以及下文的内容“...toplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek　　　duringthedaytime”可知,树能保护动物们免受白天有太阳时高温的伤害。故heat符合语境。 

48.A.directions B.partners

C.help D.shelter

答案D

解析根据上文可知,由于没有足够多的树,鸟和蛇的数量减少了,树能为动物们提供保护。shelter“庇护;遮蔽物”,符合语境。

49.A.labour B.police

C.forest D.finance

答案C

解析Molai认为种树是解决问题的办法,因此他去寻求帮助的部门应该是forestdepartment,即林业部门。

50.A.rebuilt B.discovered

C.left D.managed

答案B

解析根据上文nothingwouldgrowthere以及此处提到Molai开始在附近的一个岛上种树可知,Molai“发现”了这个岛。

51.A.Decorating B.Observing

C.Watering D.Guarding

答案C

解析根据本句中的提示词dryseason以及下文的rainwater和water可知,此处讲的是给树苗浇水的事情。

52.A.tough B.illegal

C.fantastic D.beneficial

答案A

解析根据本句中的提示词dryseason以及loneboy可知,一个人在旱季给树浇水并非易事。tough“艰难的;棘手的”,符合语境。

53.A.back B.top

C.foot  D.side

答案B

解析根据本段最后一句“Thewaterwouldthendripontheplantsbelow.”可知,Molai把竹子制成的平台搭建在每棵树苗的上面。故选top。

54.A.cool down B.keep off

C.purify D.collect

答案D

解析根据语境判断,Molai在竹制平台上放置的带孔陶罐应是用来收集“雨水的”,雨水会顺着陶罐上的小孔滴落到树苗上。

55.A.returned  B.learnt

C.failed D.continued

答案D

解析根据下文“...thenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownland...”可知,Molai一直在坚持种树。continued符合语境。

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Each year,billions of pounds of trash and other 56. 　　　　　　(pollute) enter the ocean.Some debris sinks,some debris is eaten by sea animals 57. 　　　　　　 mistake it for food and some ends up on our beaches.

“There’s almost nothing 58.　　　　　　(bad) than oceanfront sands littered with trash,” said Ma Jiayu,who joined the International Coastal Cleanup event,which was held by the Blue Ocean Conservation Association(BOCA),59. 　　　　　　 non-profit organisation in Shenzhen. 

On the third weekend of last September,hundreds of volunteers 60.　　　　　　(arm)with bags,gloves,litter pickers got to work cleaning beaches.The volunteers—61. 　　　　　　 (include) teenagers,teachers,workers and statesmen—62.　　　　　　　　　　(separate) into 26 cleaning spots along the 260.5-kilometre coastline. 

Founded by a few divers,the BOCA has long gone to the bottom of the ocean to clean.63.　　　　　　 heavy scuba tanks (潜水氧气瓶),masks and dive fins,divers face the dangers of low visibility or getting stuck.But they are happy 64. 　　　　　　(save) clown fish and protect the coral reefs. 

“Change comes from each of us,through our actions and 65.　　　　　　　　(behave).If you do it,others might do it as well through the power of example.And they will teach others to do it too,and slowly,our plant might start being a cleaner place,” said Ma Haipeng,the chairman of the BOCA. 

答案56.pollutants　57.that/which　58.worse　59.a　60.armed　61.including　62.were separated　63.With　64.to save　65.behaviour(s)

第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

假定你是李华,上周你校举办了“保护环境,我们能做些什么?”的大讨论,请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:

1.环境的现状;

2.为保护环境中学生可以做些什么;

3.你的看法。

注意:写作词数应为80左右。

WhatCanWeDofortheEnvironment

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参考范文

WhatCanWeDofortheEnvironment 

Our environment is becoming worse and worse.What can we do for the environment?Last week our school organised a heated discussion about it.

As middle school students,firstly,we can use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when shopping.It helps to protect the environment.Secondly,we can reuse the textbooks as much as possible.Thirdly,we should never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy.What’s more,it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school.With the efforts of everyone,I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.

第二节(满分25分)

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。

Last Sunday afternoon,Sandra and I were eager to meet up with a man on Detroit’s east side to help him get ready for a job interview this week.But on the way,we saw a dog lying near the road next to his owner.We thought he’d been hit by a car.My friend Sandra and I had helped animal rescue groups before and we thought there might be something we could do,so we quickly pulled over to help.

His owner,a woman told us the dog’s name is Bosco,and she was walking him over a mile in the heat to her new home.She said Bosco was an outside dog and no one would give him a ride to her new place.That’s when she and a friend decided to walk the entire way.He was going from a life on a chain in one backyard to another.She said Bosco was having trouble breathing along the way,but they thought he could make it.But just a block away from their destination,Bosco fell down.We could tell he was suffering from heatstroke (中暑).She told us he had thrown up and could no longer stand.Bosco was out of breath quickly;his drool (口水) was also thick.Bosco’s owner said she wanted to give him away because she didn’t have time for him.She said he would never be allowed into her new “home” because her children have allergies (过敏症) and she worried he would dirty the carpet.

I made a call to Kristina Rinaldi of Detroit Dog Rescue to ask if they could help Bosco because it was clear that he was going to die without emergency care.To our happiness,Rinaldi said they could help.At once she told the people at Oakland Veterinary Referral Services that a dog which needed immediate care was being rushed in and they must be ready to try their best to save him.

SandradrovewhileIstayedinthebackseattryingtocomfortBosco. __________________

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SoBoscoisnowbeingcalledRoscoe,whosecriticalcareandrecoverywereestimatedtobeseveralthousanddollars. __________________________________________________________

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参考范文

SandradrovewhileIstayedinthebackseattryingtocomfortBosco.I thought we lost him a couple of times when he was almost out of breath and his eyes seemed to close.By the time we arrived,Bosco was wheeled into the animal care centre to receive emergency care.Bosco was taken good care of by staff there and we waited anxiously for the dog to get out of danger.Rinaldi said another dog in Detroit Dog Rescue had already been named Bosco,and she wanted this new member to have a new name for his new life.

SoBoscoisnowbeingcalledRoscoe,whosecriticalcareandrecoverywereestimatedtobeseveralthousanddollars.It would be difficult for Roscoe’s new home to cover the costs as a non-profit organisation.Thankfully,many people who knew Roscoe’s story offered money to his care.With the help of supporters,Detroit Dog Rescue managed to make it.Once Roscoe was in a safe state,Sandra and I returned to our original mission,knowing we had already been given the chance to help one soul in great danger.