2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists教师用书

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．the contradictory statements　　　 相互矛盾的陈述
2．multiple injuries 多处受伤
3．substantial donations 大量的捐赠
4．official statistics 官方统计数字
5．quick thinking 敏捷的思维
6．main findings 主要发现
7．solid evidence 可靠的证据
8．cast a shadow 投下影子
9．abstract concept 抽象的概念
10．a brilliant mind 聪颖的头脑

二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．Shortages of professional staff are very severe in some places.( adj.十分严重的 )
2．My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science.(vt.定期订购)
3．I rather suspect we're making a mistake.(vt.怀疑)
4．You can't blame anyone else; you alone made the decision.(vt.责怪)
5．I turned the handle and found the door was open.(n.把手)
6．Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year.(vi.降低)
7．Industrialization transformed the world.(vt.使改观)
8．The moon cast a bright light over the garden.(vt.投射)
9．Blood was pouring from his broken nose.(vi.喷涌)
10．He is an outstanding athlete and deserves to win.(adj.杰出的)
11．She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a gifted artist.(adj.有天赋的)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．This is not necessarily proof that he is wrong.(n.证明)
拓展：prove v．证明→proven adj.被证明的；已证实的
2．The incident was used as an excuse for intervention in the area.(n.干预)
拓展：intervene v．介入；出面；干预
3．My initial reaction was to decline the offer.(adj.最初的)
拓展：initially adv. 开始；最初
4．The newspaper continues to defend its publication of the photographs.(vt.辩解)
拓展：defence n. 防御；防务
5．He praised her leadership during the crisis.(n.领导才能)
拓展：lead v．领导；导致；通向→leader n．领导→leading adj.最重要的；一流的
6．We are making slow but steady progress.(adj.稳定的)
拓展：steadily adv. 稳定地；坚固地
7．The report paints a vivid picture of life in the city.(adj.生动的)
拓展：vividly adv. 生动地
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.幸亏
2．It doesn't make sense to argue with him.有意义
3．We can depend on it that he will arrive here on time.相信
4．We have to handle this matter once and for all.彻底地
5．I don't subscribe to that view at all.同意
6．You must get there in time even if the weather should change.及时
7．I have rarely had any chance to return to my hometown in charge of the project.主管；掌管
8．I myself will firmly carry out this plan.__C__
A．继续　 B．夺去　　C．执行　　D．延续
9．When the war broke out, he was still living in London. __D__
A．脱离 B．插话 C．断绝 D．爆发
10．In winter, people often come down with the flu.__D__
A．发生 B．遇到 C．过来 D．感染
11．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Above all, the picking activity also inspired our love for labour. __A__
A．最为重要的是　　　　　 B．尤其是
C．毕竟 D．首先
12．I've got some unfinished business to attend to so I can't be present at your party.__A__
A．处理　 B．注意　　C．照顾　　D．参加
13．As far as I am concerned, the lady is hard to deal with.__C__
A．处理 B．涉及 C．对付 D．克服
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(so ...that ...引导结果状语从句)
他发现霍乱在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
写作亮句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Its topics are so wide that it leads us into the outer world as a silent friend.它的话题广泛，作为一个沉默的朋友把我们带进外面的世界。
2.
教材原句
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
写作亮句
You should try your best to have your English improved in a short period.
你应该尽力使你的英语在短时间内得到提高。
文化典句
You can have your vocabulary enlarged by reading newspapers and magazines in Chinese.
你可以通过读中文报纸和杂志来扩大你的词汇量。

3.
教材原句
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(so that引导目的状语从句)
于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
写作亮句
He studies hard so that he can pass the important exam.
他努力学习，以便能通过这次重要的考试。

4.
教材原句
However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物有着浓厚的兴趣。
写作亮句
(2020·天津高考书面表达)Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and it also makes me stronger and more determined.
通过这次活动，我感到我能够承担起责任，它也让我更加坚强、更加坚定。

五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
环境描写之活动场景(二)
I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day — a day of pure magic! I went snorkeling on the reef offshore this morning and it was the most fantastic thing I have ever done.Seeing such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.It was like discovering a whole new dimension of life.
我正坐在温暖的夜晚中，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回想着这一天——纯粹魔幻的一天！今天早上我去近海的暗礁潜泳，这是我做过的最奇妙的事。看到如此非凡的美丽，我想我体内的每一个细胞都醒来了。这就像发现了一个全新的生命维度。
[点评]　本段的活动场景是安静温馨的环境，作者在这样的环境里思想开始奔腾，感觉到自己充满了力量，静中有动的描绘令人回味。






1．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
　　　　　　　　[题点全练]
写出下列各句中subscribe to的含义
①He subscribes regularly to charities to help more people in poor regions.捐助
②When joining a club, you should subscribe to it regularly.缴费
③I have always subscribed to the view that children should be given responsibility from an early age.赞成
[系统归纳]
subscribe to短语中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。表示“赞成”时同义短语有：approve of, agree with等；表示“捐助”时同义短语有：contribute to等。


2．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The drug is suspected of causing (cause) over 200 deaths.
②Suspecting (suspect) nothing, he walked right into the trap.
③(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)．..on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected (suspect) of drug dealing.
④She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up.
⑤Don't suspect him of his honesty because he is very reliable.
[系统归纳]
suspect sb./sth. of ... 怀疑某人/某事……
suspect sb.of doing ... 怀疑某人做……
suspect＋that ... 怀疑……

3．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①A fire broke out in a hospital last night，but no one was killed.
②See，your computer has broken down again! It doesn't make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
③To be honest, it was only a couple of months before the band broke up.
④The sun soon broke_through the mist.
太阳很快就冲破了薄雾。
⑤I strongly hope that you can consider my suggestion and break_away_from_
computer_games as soon as possible.
我非常希望你能考虑我的建议，尽快脱离电脑游戏。
[系统归纳]
(1)break up　　　　　 解散；破碎；结束
break through 突破；冲破
break away (from) 脱离；逃脱
break in 强行进入；插话
break down 出故障；失败；(身体)垮掉
break into 强行进入(某处)；突然开始(笑、唱等)
(2)break out, take place, happen, occur 都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。


1．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空/句式升级)
①Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser.
②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③Some social app companies were to_blame (blame) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
④因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，简的情绪很低落。
→(普通表达) Jane was in low spirits because she was_blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network.
→(高级表达) Blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network, Jane was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语)
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)blame sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而责备某人/某物
blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上
(2)get/take the blame for ...为……承担责任
lay/put the blame for sth. on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物
(3)be to blame (for) 应受指责
难点释解
be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。

[练重难点](单句语法填空/完成句子)
⑤She laid the blame for the failure of their marriage on her husband.
⑥I am_not_to_blame_for the result.
我不该为这个结果受指责。
2．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①They helped the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.
②When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.
③ The town walls were built as a defence (defend) against enemy attacks in the past.
④ The wall was built to defend the road from being_washed (wash) away.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)defend ...from/against　　　　保护……免受；防御
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)defence n．防御；保卫；防御能力；防御物
in defence of 为了保卫；为……辩护
联想拓展
与defend ...from/against用法类似的还有：prevent/stop ...(from), keep ...from, protect ...from/against等，上述短语若用于被动语态，from都不可省略。

　　　　　　　　[练重难点](一句多译)
有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。
⑤Some think that students should be trained to_defend_themselves_against some attacks.(defend)
⑥Some think that students should be trained in_defence_of some attacks.(defence)
3．in charge of主管；掌管
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The house has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
②With her in charge, I was confident all would be OK.
③Tickets are available free of charge from the school.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
in charge　　　　　　　　负责
in the charge of 由……负责
take charge of 负责
free of charge 免费
辨析比较
in charge of与in the charge of 的用法区别:前者是“掌管；负责”，一般用人作主语;后者是“由……负责；在……的掌管之下”，一般用物作主语。
　　　　　
　[练重难点](完成句子)
④Who do you believe should be in_charge_of such a situation?
你认为谁应该对这种情况负责？
⑤The patient is in_the_charge_of that doctor.
这个病人由那位医生负责。
4．depend on/upon 依靠；信赖；取决于；相信
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①You can depend on it that I will help you when you are in trouble.
②You can never depend on his arriving (arrive) on time.
③He depends on his parents to_take (take) care of his children.
④Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)depend on/upon sb.to do sth.＝depend on sb./sb.'s doing sth.依靠/指望某人做某事
depend on it that从句　相信；指望
depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人提供某物
(2)It/That (all) depends. 那得看情况。
难点解释
rely on, depend on/upon, see to等词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，通常要用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在后面。
　　　　　
　[练重难点](完成句子)
⑤You may rely_on_it_that he will come to meet you.
你放心好了，他会来见你的。
⑥He saw_to_it_that the same mistake didn't happen again. 他确保同样的错误今后不再发生。




so that引导目的状语从句
[用法规则]
(1)so that 可引导目的状语从句，作“以便；为的是”讲，从句中通常用may (might)或can (could)。
(2)in order that也可引导目的状语从句，但so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。
(3)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或in order to/so as to句型。
(4)so that 也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”。
[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)
①(2021·浙江6月高考)She asked for the woman's name and address so_that she could repay her.
她要这个女士的姓名和地址，以便她能还钱给她。
②He injured his foot so_that_he_was_unable_to_play in the match.
他的脚受伤了，因此无法参加比赛。
③In_order_that she could catch the first bus, she got up very early.
为了能够赶上第一班公共汽车，她起得很早。
④They made a lot of lively programs so that they could attract more children.
→They made a lot of lively programs so_as_to/in_order_to_attract_more_children.



“科学精神”主题旨在激发青少年对科学研究的兴趣和好奇心，引导他们思考科学研究的方法，积极开展科学研究，探究科学家的必备品质和科学精神的基本要素。科学的未来在青少年手中，学生应注重培养科学素养，并向伟大科学家学习，塑造科学精神和科学品质，这样未来才能承担起推动科学进步的光荣使命。高考对这一主题的考查也常有涉及。如：2018年的天津高考书面表达与在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛有关。


FRANKLIN'S EXPERIMENT：
HOW MUCH IS TRUE?
(节选自外研版教材必修第三册UNIT 3)
Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations of children to science.However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.(用however引出文章主题)
The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752 ...(讲述了富兰克林的闪电实验过程)
For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin's lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.(闪电实验对科学的影响)
❶However, neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.❷Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died from the electric shock.(提出对闪电实验的质疑)
...
Admittedly, fiction is often more interesting than the truth.❸People have been more inspired by Franklin's spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.(总结科学探索精神)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第三段中的amazed一词形象地写出了富兰克林闪电实验对学生的影响；inspire一词则展现了富兰克林及其他科学家的激励作用。第四段中用question一词写出了科学家严谨的科研态度。第五段中admittedly用于句首，恰当地表达了对虚构故事作用的认可。
2．学高级句式
句❶是一个简单句，句中“neither ...nor ...”结构连接并列主语。该结构连接并列主语时，谓语动词主谓一致要遵循“就近原则”，即与nor后名词在人称和数上保持一致。本句中用这一结构来对富兰克林做闪电实验这一故事，及实验的细节都提出了质疑。
句❷是一个主从复合句，句中although引导让步状语从句，该从句中that引导名词性从句作真正的主语，it在句中作形式主语。主句中what引导名词性从句作动词question的宾语。该句式融状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句于一体，体现了深厚的语言功底。
句❸是一个简单句，句子运用了“more ...than ...”结构，表示“比……更……”，对两个方面进行了比较，强调了前者。
3．学行文逻辑
本文写作结构为“剥笋式”。文章开门见山，引入话题：本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验可能是虚构的，而并非事实。然后按照由现象到本质、由原因到结果等层层深入的方式，详述实验过程及科学家质疑其真实性的理由。最后揭示本质：能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。


Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．have access to/be accessible to 　 拥有……的机会；
可以接近/进入
2．be busy with 忙于……
3．concentrate on 全神贯注于
4．light up 点燃；点亮
5．take in 理解；吸收
6．do/make/perform/carry out an experiment做实验
7．come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
8．go through 浏览；翻阅；经历
9．refer to 参考；查阅；涉及
10．have a good command/knowledge of　精通……
11．achieve success 获得成功
12．be admitted as 作为……被接受
13．one of the four great inventions 四大发明之一
14．link ...with ...　　　 把……与……连接起来
15．approach to 接近；约等于；……的方法

Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．If we are in the habit of raising doubts as to whether what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.
如果我们习惯于对我们被告知的事情是否是真的提出疑问，我们就能发现正确答案并学会更多。
2．It's apparent that scientific and technological progress brings huge benefits.
很明显，科技进步带来了巨大的好处。
3．As far as I'm concerned, the development of science and technology helps increase the quality of our life and makes our society a better one.
在我看来，科学技术的发展有助于提高我们的生活质量，使我们的社会更美好。
4．The efforts of scientists and engineers make society develop faster, enhance national strength and provide convenience for people.
科学家和工程师的努力使社会发展更快，增强国家实力，为人民提供便利。


一、作文提升练习
下面是一篇学生习作，主题是介绍中国四大发明之一的印刷术。请根据上面所学，对习作进行润色、升级。
Hello, everyone，
Now, I'd like to tell you something about printing, one of the four great inventions in the ancient China.
The printing was invented in China many years ago, making it possible for the Chinese culture to be spread all over the world, which was given great significance to in the development of the world.❶ This invention as well as the other three ones is displayed in the Chinese Museum and it is well worth a visit.
❷As middle school students affected by the amazing ancient inventions, we have the duty to study hard. ________， we can do scientific research and make some new great inventions in the future!
Thank you!
(一)将文中加蓝词汇升级
1．given→attached
2．affected→inspired
(二)根据提示将文中句子升级
1．用with复合结构升级句❶
_With_this_invention_as_well_as_the_other_three_ones_displayed,_the_Chinese_Museum_is_well_worth_a_visit.
2．用it 作形式主语升级句❷
As_middle_school_students_inspired_by_the_amazing_ancient_inventions,_it_is_our_duty_to_study_hard.
(三)在文中设空处加上衔接词
Thus
二、续写语段思维活
结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。
情节脉络：Edith准备参加一个科技发明比赛，她的偶像，发明家Matthew将担任裁判→Edith制作了一个巨大的音乐盒，当转动把手的时候，音乐盒能发出明亮的光，并放出优美的音乐→比赛当天，Edith早早来到会场，信心满满→不幸的是，因为力气小，当Edith转动把手的时候，音乐盒电力不足，没有取得应有的效果。Edith只收获了别人的嘲笑→意外发生，比赛会场忽然停电，比赛不得不取消。Matthew骑上自行车准备离开……
In the dark, Edith could just see Matthew climbing onto his bike, with his pedals glimmering (发出微光)．　
　
　

参考范文：
In the dark, Edith could just see Matthew climbing onto his bike, with his pedals glimmering．“Don't go！” Edith shouted, “I know how to light up the room！” Edith said, “The machine needs a lot of power to turn the handle.The faster people turn the handle, the brighter the light is.However, I'm not strong enough to turn the handle.I think you and your bike can be helpful.” Hearing the method that Edith offered, Matthew agreed and helped her to link his bike with the music box.As Matthew rode the bike, the music box gradually lit up the room.Everyone jumped with joy as light and music from the machine filled the room.Everyone was grateful that Edith had let the competition carry on.



课时作业(一)　语篇阅读训练——保准度
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
With outbreaks of infectious(感染性的) diseases making headlines around the world, scientists are under pressure to understand the drivers that influence the transmission of pathogens (病菌的传播) in order to better predict and control disease outbreaks.
In the wilds of Botswana, a pathogen called M. mungi has a different way of infecting the banded mongoose (a small furry animal that kills snakes and rats). The pathogen spreads from animal to animal through scent(气味) marks. “Scent marks are deposited into the environment and contain smell signals that convey information from one mongoose to another，” explained Kathleen Alexander, a wildlife biologist, who led the new study.
To conduct their experiment, Alexander and Carole Anne Nichols monitored the movements and communication of about 500 banded mongooses in protected park landscapes, urban environments, and other places with varying characteristics in Botswana. In this way, researchers were able to gain insight into the manner in which land type and animal behaviour interact to influence the spread of the pathogen. The result was a comprehensive data set of mongoose behavioural interactions across a range of landscape types.
In high­traffic, predator­rich (食肉动物多的) environments, such as urban centres or national parks, the mongooses stayed constantly alerted(警觉的), devoting their energy to scanning the surrounding environment and preparing themselves for escaping. This super awareness likely kept them safe from danger, but it also greatly curtailed their contact with others, reducing the possibility that M. mungi would spread. “If you're running from a predator, you're not stopping to leave a message for other animals，” Nichols says. “You're running for your life.”
But the opposite was true at tourism cabins, where predators are scarce and food, which is often left by human hands, is easy to find. Here, the mongooses spent a good amount of time marking scent, creating a lot of opportunities for the pathogen to spread.
Previous studies by Alexander have pulled back the mask on how animal behaviour shapes the spread of disease. These new findings, however, add another layer of difference to the spread of disease, stressing the role of environments.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于缟獴(banded mongoose)的研究，揭示了环境会影响传染病的传播。
1．What's the purpose of marking scent by banded mongooses?
A．To track down snakes and rats.
B．To better adapt to the environment.
C．To share information with each other.
D．To protect themselves from pathogens.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scent marks ...one mongoose to another”可知，缟獴之间利用气味相互交流。
2．What did Alexander and Nichols do during the experiment?
A．Analyzed the spreading way of the pathogen.
B．Marked the characteristics of different land types.
C．Collected previous data about banded mongooses' behaviour.
D．Observed banded mongooses across a range of environments.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Alexander和Nichols在不同环境下观察缟獴的行为。
3．What does the underlined word “curtailed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Decreased.　　　　　　　 B．Explained.
C．Replaced. D．Repeated.
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线单词后的“... you're not stopping to leave a message for other animals”可知，这种状况会“减少”缟獴之间的接触。
4．What's the finding of Alexander and Nichols's new research?
A．Predators can speed up the spread of diseases.
B．Environments can influence the spread of diseases.
C．Animals can sense potential danger around them.
D．The spread of diseases can shape animals' behaviour.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章内容及最后一段的内容可知，缟獴在捕食者少的地方感染病菌的概率会大很多，因此，Alexander和Nichols新的研究表明生存环境会影响疾病的传播。
B
New smart wheelchairs are designed to allow users more freedom of movement. Some even allow them to raise or lower the seats or to go up and down stairs. Now, Scewo, a Swiss company, has designed their futuristic motorized wheelchair Scewo Bro that is a complete solution with multitasking innovation. This smart wheelchair is so advanced and multifunctional that it won the Design Prize in 2018 and has been recognized as a pioneer in the medical technology industry.
With clearly defined lines and a reduction to the essentials, the design team developed a clear design language. That way, Scewo Bro is seen as a new generation of wheelchairs at first glance. Scewo Bro users can control the wheelchair either by a touch interface (界面) or a smart phone. They can switch from one to the other and can also choose from three different modes: the park mode, the drive mode, and the track mode. This allows for any terrain (地形) and allows people with mobility disabilities to be independent.
Built with safety in mind, the seat always balances itself so the user stays in a sitting position. This feature allows users to deal with different terrains without the risk of tipping over. Besides, the foot rests, the seat, and the arm rests are designed to be comfortable and adjustable.
The smart wheelchair can go up to 35 kilometers on one charge and can go 10 kilometers per hour. If a break is needed, just put the chair into the relaxation position. The smart wheelchair comes with two secure storage areas for people on the go to store valuables. It can fit in the trunk of a car and can be charged in just five hours.
Scewo Bro is available in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. While the first batch (首批) has sold out, people can pre­order it at the end of the year. This futuristic wheelchair will allow increased movement and a better quality of life for people with mobility issues.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了瑞士公司Scewo研发的一款智能轮椅的设计理念、功能和市场情况。
5．What do we know about the wheelchair?
A．It targets medical workers.
B．It features more functions.
C．It is designed for household use.
D．It is the first motorized wheelchair.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a complete solution with multitasking innovation ... advanced and multifunctional”可知，该轮椅功能众多。
6．What is mainly discussed about the wheelchair in Paragraph 3?
A．Its design philosophy.
B．Its working principle.
C．Its customer experience.
D．Its fashionable elements.
解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Built with safety in mind”及本段内容可以判断，本段主要讲述了设计轮椅时的想法，即设计理念。
7．How does the author introduce the wheelchair in Paragraph 4?
A．By giving exact figures.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By offering examples.
D．By listing reasons.
解析：选A　写作手法题。根据第四段中的“go up to 35 kilometers”“go 10 kilometers per hour”“in just five hours”可以判断，作者通过罗列精确数据来介绍该轮椅。
8．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The wheelchair needs further improvement.
B．The company Scewo is a non­profit organization.
C．The wheelchair users can move around independently.
D．The design team has been awarded many design prizes.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“New smart wheelchairs ... to allow users more freedom of movement”和第二段中的“This ... allows people with mobility disabilities to be independent”可以推断，轮椅使用者可以自由独立地四处活动。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The 21st century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. __9__
Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe. __10__ Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.
The continuation of such activities will result in even greater advantages to human beings; in pure science — a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science — a more reasonable sharing of material benefits; and better protection of the environment.
__11__ The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. __12__ Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.
William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.”__13__ But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?
A．We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.
B．Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture.
C．Fortunately, science has brought us with the greatest.
D．It offers us less access to nature as well as social life.
E．The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities — science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.
F．Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.
G．It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在21 世纪，科学有了很大的进步。科学研究极大地开阔了我们的视野，给人类带来了更大的好处，但另一方面科学的创造力也被用来损害人类。
9．选F　第一段首句提到关于21世纪的种种变化；选项F意为：许多事情导致了变化，但在我看来，最重要的是科学的进步。选项F顺承上文的话题，其中the changes与上文中多次出现的changes是词汇复现。故选F。
10．选G　选项G意为：它使我们对生命本质及其不断发展有了更好的理解。选项G中的“It has brought us a better understanding of ...”与上一句中的“It has given us a deeper knowledge of ...”是并列句式，其中It都是指代该段首句中的“Scientific research in physics and biology”。故选G。
11．选B　第二段首句提到“科学研究使我们扩大视野”，第三段首句提到“科学研究活动将给人类带来更大的好处”；第四段空后一句提到“科学的创新被用来损害人类”，该段话题与文章上两段的话题出现转折；选项B意为：然而，不幸的是，事情还有另一面。选项B中的however表示转折，承上启下。 故选B。
12．选A　第四段话题是科学创新被利用来损害人类。选项A意为：我们已经在核武器的问题上看到了这种情况。空前一句提到“发展和生产大规模毁灭性武器对人类的继续生存造成了危险”，选项A是顺承上一句的话题，以核武器为例进一步说明上一句的内容。故选A。
13．选E　选项E意为：以上对人类活动——科学应用的仅仅一部分的简要回顾似乎证明了莎士比亚所说的。选项E中“what Shakespeare said”即是上一句中“William Shakespeare said”的复现。故选E。
Ⅲ.完形填空
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to __14__ that we should learn science __15__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself __16__ many important truths.
Galileo (1564－1642), __17__， who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important __18__ could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies __19__ more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, __20__ Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the __21__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __22__ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo's __23__ of going direct to nature, and proving our __24__ and theories by experiment, that has __25__ all the discoveries of modern science.
What __26__ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that __27__ scientists are those whose observations have __28__ better results.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
14．A.command　　　　　 B．suspect
C．suggest D．conclude
解析：选C　根据空后的内容可知，这里应是Roger Bacon提出的建议。故C选项正确。
15．A.in　　 B．with C．on　　　D．by
解析：选D　根据空后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故D选项正确。
16．A.brought B．discovered
C．handled D．announced
解析：选B　结合上文和空后的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故B选项正确。
17．A.however B．therefore
C．seldom D．never
解析：选A　上文说Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学，此处表示转折，然而，伽利略是几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个。故A选项正确。
18．A.truths B．problems
C．investigations D．subjects
解析：选A　由空后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。上文中的“many important truths”也是提示。故A选项正确。
19．A.threw B．fell
C．ran D．rolled
解析：选B　根据下文中的“let fall”可知，空处应选fell。故B选项正确。
20．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
解析：选B　根据“Aristotle said so”可知，这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。故B选项正确。
21．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
解析：选C　结合空后的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two ________ stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。故C选项正确。
22．A.big B．small
C．similar D．unequal
解析：选D　根据上文和空后面的“stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头。故D选项正确。
23．A.spirit B．skill
C．theory D．wish
解析：选A　由空后面的“of going direct to nature”可知，此处表示科学精神(spirit)。故A选项正确。
24．A.plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：选B　与空后面“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故B选项正确。
25．A.led to B．turned to
C．set up D．put forward
解析：选A　这里是说正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有所发现。故A选项正确。
26．A.makes B．prevents
C．considers D．promises
解析：选A　结合下文中的“scientists are those ...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。故A选项正确。
27．A.reasonable B．successful
C．expert D．sensitive
解析：选B　结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地知道，成功的(successful)科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。故B选项正确。
28．A.foreseen B．rejected
C．produced D．challenged
解析：选C　根据语境，此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故C选项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The idea of inviting the public to take part in scientific studies is known as “citizen science”. Anyone __1__ helps scientists do the job is called a “citizen scientist”. What can you get if you become a citizen scientist?
A sense of purpose! Citizen science projects can help you make good use of __2__ (you) time.
Fun times! You never know what might__3__ (find)．
More education! Learn about some __4__ (attract) things while doing scientific jobs.
When you're having fun in the park and seeing a bird, why not take a picture of it? With a simple click, you could be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural History Museum has __5__ app. People can upload sounds, __6__ (photo) and locations of animals if they see them around their city. Scientists can use these data __7__ (study) city animals and better protect them.
In fact, people just like you can help out with many scientific studies. For example, scientists always spend many years __8__ (discover) every kind of ladybug (瓢虫) in the world. But if we share our own pictures of ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much __9__ (fast). As one old saying goes, “Many hands make light work.”
Of course, there is more to study than just animals. There are many other fun projects, such __10__ watching stars and clouds, counting penguins and even listening to laughs. You'll find that science is fun and is for everyone!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是公众科学以及公众科学不仅给市民带来益处，也能为科学家提供帮助。
1．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Anyone，所以填who/that。
2．your　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词time，所以填形容词性物主代词your。
3．be found　考查语态。find和从句主语what是被动关系，所以填be found。
4．attractive　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词things，所以填attractive。
5．an　考查冠词。app是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且 app的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
6．photos　考查名词复数。photo是可数名词，且空前无限定词，故用复数形式，所以填photos。
7．to study　考查非谓语动词。此处不定式作目的状语。
8．discovering　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，所以填discovering。
9．faster　考查副词的比较级。much, far, even, still等副词常修饰形容词或副词的比较级，所以填faster。
10．as　考查介词。such as “例如”，是固定搭配。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你想邀请你的英国朋友Peter下周六参观你校举办的“科技小发明(technological gadgets)”展览。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．具体时间和地点；
2．展览目的和内容。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad to invite you to an exhibition of technological gadgets to be held in our school next Saturday.
The exhibition is scheduled to take place in the football field from 8：00 am to 11：00 am, lasting 3 hours. It's aimed at encouraging students' creative thinking as well as sharing their works with others. In this exhibition, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life. Additionally, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technological gadgets and perform them on the spot. It would be nice if you could join in the coming exhibition.
Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming.
Yours，
Li Hua