人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations优秀精练

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Using Language & Other Parts
目标导航


重点词汇
1． adv.主要地；一般地
2． vi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑
3． n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
4． n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
5． n．图表 vt.记录；制定计划
6． vt.创建；建立；把……建立在
7． vt.推断；推定
8． n．理论；学说
9． n．天才；天资；天赋
10． n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
11． n．酷爱；激情
12． adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
13． n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
14． n．上唇的胡子；髭
15． n．个性；特点；怪异的性质
16． vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
17． n．教授
18． n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
19． vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
20． n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
词汇拓展
21．conclusion n．结论；推论→ vt.推断出；得出结论；使结束 vi.结束；终止
22．politician n．从政者；政治家；政客→politics n．政治→ adj.政治的；党派的
23．relativity n．相对论；相对性→ adj.相对的→ adv.相对地→ n．亲属①
24．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→ adv.轻轻地；温和地→ n．温顺；亲切
25．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地→ adj.逐渐的；平缓的
26．consequence n．结果；后果→ adj.随之发生的；作为结果的
→ adv.因此；结果
27．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的→ n．言论；评论→ adv.显著地；非常地②
重点词组
1． 由于
2． 能够
3． 实际上，事实上
4． 冒生命危险
5． 拿起；接受；开始从事
6． 开始)掌权；上台
7． 结果
8． 担任；任职
9． 总结；概括
重点句型
1．who引导定语从句
Albert Einstein， in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，通常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。
2．状语从句的省略
，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
当(爱因斯坦)在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，在1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
3．as though/if
He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end
.
他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时头发竖立着，好像刚挨了电击似的。
4．how引导宾语从句
There is even a story about who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.
甚至还有一个故事，讲的是他如何帮助一个小女孩，这个女孩敲了他的门，请求他帮她做家庭作业。
5．It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
On 18 April 1955， Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。


知识精讲

原文呈现
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR
UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived.He made numerous① contributions to the world，the most well－known being the general theory of relativity② and the famous formula③ E＝mc2【1】．Einstein was not only a genius④；he was a courageous⑤and kind figure loved by many people.
【1】画线部分为独立主格结构，being的逻辑主语为the most well－known(contributions)。
This gentle⑥ genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.When he was 16，he tried to enter university⑦ in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam⑧，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900【2】．
【2】此处为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
After two years of looking for work as a teacher，Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent⑨ office.While working there【3】，out of⑩ a strong passion⑪ for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate⑫ in physics in 1905.That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary⑬ physics papers.Following this，he gradually⑭ became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter⑮ research full－time at a university.In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric⑯ effect.
【3】此处为“连词＋现在分词”构成的省略结构，将句子补全为While he was working there。
Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power⑰ in Germany.Einstein，who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions⑱ closed to him【4】．As a consequence⑲，he had to flee Germany.After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position⑳ as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.Following that，he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics.
【4】画线部分为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，closed to him是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。
To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd－looking but kind and funny man.He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock【5】．Although he was a genius，he sometimes forgot things，like his friends’ birthdays.But despite his peculiarities，he was loved by his friends and neighbours.There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework【6】．In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things.After many such occasions，he finally started saying，“Pardon me! Sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein！”
【5】此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰long white hair，which在从句中作主语。在该定语从句中，as though引导的方式状语从句用了虚拟语气，谓语为had done(表示与过去事实相反的情况)。
【6】画线部分为how引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。宾语从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句，修饰a little girl，who在从句中作主语。
On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
课文译文
改变了我们对
宇宙认知的人
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，他经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。他为世界做出了许多贡献，最为知名的是广义相对论和著名的E＝mc2公式。爱因斯坦不仅是一位天才，也是一位勇敢善良的人物，受到许多人的喜爱。
这位温和的天才于1879年3月14日出生在德国。16岁时，他试图考入瑞士的大学，尽管在数学和物理上取得了优异的成绩，但由于其入学考试的综合部分分数很低而失败。他又学习了一年，设法通过了考试，1896年考入大学，1900年毕业。
在找了两年的教师工作后，爱因斯坦找了一份在瑞士专利局做文书的工作。在那里工作期间，出于对知识的热爱，他继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。同年，也就是后来被记录为科学奇迹的那一年，他发表了四篇卓越的物理学论文。此后，他逐渐成为举世闻名的新艾萨克·牛顿。四年后，他辞去了专利局的工作，在一所大学开始从事全职研究。1922年，他因解释光电效应被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。
1933年希特勒在德国上台后，形势发生了变化。身为一个犹太人，爱因斯坦发现学术机构的大门对他紧闭。因此，他不得不逃离德国。在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国的普林斯顿高等研究所担任研究员。之后，他继续在物理和数学领域取得了巨大成就。
在公众看来，他是一个外表略显古怪但又和蔼可亲、风趣幽默的人。他胡须浓密，有时长长的白发挺立，就好像他刚遭了电击。他虽然是个天才，但有时会忘记一些事情，比如他朋友的生日。他尽管有怪异之处，但还是受到朋友和邻居们的喜爱。甚至有个故事，讲述了他如何帮助一个上门请求他帮助做家庭作业的小女孩。事实上，爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，让他帮忙解释一些事情。经过很多次这样的情况后，他终于开始说：“对不起！对不起！我总是被误认为爱因斯坦教授！”
据报道，1955年4月18日爱因斯坦去世，全世界都为一位杰出科学家离世所带来的巨大损失而哀悼。

知识点01 Did you come to any conclusions？你得出结论了吗？
conclusion n．结论；结束
※reach/arrive at/draw/come to a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion＝to conclude总之，最后
make a conclusion下结论
※conclude v．结束；推断出，断定
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
conclude (from sth.) that...(从某事中)推断出……；(从某事中)断定……
conclude...with.../by doing...以……结束……

(1)He the film Wolf Warrior Ⅱ was well worth seeing.
他得出结论：电影《战狼2》很值得一看。
(2)What can we conclude the conversation?
我们能从这次谈话中得出什么结论？
(3)He concluded his speech a famous saying.
他用一句著名的谚语结束了演讲。
(4)Without enough evidence，we can’t .没有充分的证据，我们不能下结论。
知识点2 He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well­known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.他对世界做出了很大的贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E＝mc2。
contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐赠
※make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.为(做)某事作出贡献
※contribute v．贡献；捐献，捐助；投稿
contribute to为……作贡献；有助于；促成
contribute...to...把……贡献给……；为……捐款；向……投稿

(1)Everyone should the environment.
每个人都应为保护环境作出贡献。
(2)Regular exercise will your health.
有规律的锻炼会有助于你的健康。
(3)He has a number of articles to the magazine.
他已给这家杂志社撰写了许多文章。
(4)Reading English every morning will contribute to (improve) your oral English.
每天早晨朗读英语对你提高英语口语有很大的帮助。
general adj.一般的；普通的 n．将军
※in general总的来说，通常(相当于generally)
as a general rule一般而言；通常，总之
※generally adv.一般地；通常地
generally speaking一般而言

(5)Meanwhile，with her parents’ help，Moore is able to live a normal teenage life.
同时，在父母的帮助下，摩尔基本上可以过正常的青少年生活。
(6) ，parents care more about their children’s health than about their own.一般来说，父母关心孩子的健康胜过关心自己的健康。
(7) ，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！
知识点3 Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。
come to power上台，当权(表示动作，不能和一段时间连用)
※power n．能力；力量；权力；职权；政权；电力供应
be in power掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用)
have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力/权力
beyond/out of one’s power某人力所不能及的
※powerful adj.强有力的

(1)There was a time when the little girl lost the of speech.
有一段时间这个小女孩不能说话。
(2)Could you tell me when the new president ?
你能告诉我新总统是什么时候上台的吗？
(3)She had the power (control) the situation.她有能力控制局面。
(4)I am sorry it’s my power to make such a decision.对不起，我无权做此决定。
(5)This kind of animals has some (power) teeth.这种动物有强大的牙齿。
知识点4 As a consequence，he had to flee Germany.结果，他不得不逃离德国。
as a consequence＝in consequence结果；因此
※consequence n．结果；后果；影响
as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故
※consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
※consequently adv.所以；因此；结果

(1)It rained yesterday. ，the match was cancelled.
昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消了。
(2)The warming of the earth and the climatic changes affect us all.
地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。
(3) a great fire，the house was completely destroyed.
由于一场大火，这个房子被完全烧毁了。
(4)My car broke down and (consequent) I was late.
我的汽车抛锚了，结果，我迟到了。
知识点5 After spending time in Europe，he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA.在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院担任研究员。
take up拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据(时间、空间等)
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思
(1)In fact，surfing the Internet takes up most of her time.
(2)The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.
(3)Peter will take up the management of the finance department.
take in收留(某人)；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括
take off(飞机等)起飞；脱下；成功，成名；(突然)离开；休假
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接管
take out取出，切除，摘除

(4)The city has been developing very fast and it has a new look.
这个城市发展很快，呈现出新的面貌。
(5)The young man the company when his father is old.
这个年轻人会在父亲年纪大时接管这个公司。
[联想拓展]　常见的“动词＋up”型短语还有：
①put up修建；举起；张贴
②go up上升，上涨
③turn up出现；把声音调大
④bring up提出；养育；呕吐
⑤give up放弃
知识点6 Apart from his remarkable achievements，what does the passage tell us about Einstein’s life？除了他卓越的成就，关于爱因斯坦的生活，这篇文章还告诉了我们什么？
remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的；不寻常的
※be remarkable for以……著称
※remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起
make a remark/remarks on/upon对……发表意见
remark that...评论……，说……
remark on/upon谈论/评论……
※remarkably adv.不寻常地

(1)All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more .
所有这些使得无家可归的汤姆·史密斯的行为更加不寻常了。
(2)These cars are (remark) for the quietness of their engines.
这些汽车因为发动机的声音小而著名。
(3)My life improved (remark) when I discovered art.
我发现了艺术后，我的生活有了显著的改善。
(4)Don’t her appearance.
不要对她的外表发表粗鲁的评论。
(5)The editor the article was well written.
编辑评论说那篇文章写得很好。
知识点7 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.当(爱因斯坦)在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，在1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
句中While working there是状语从句的省略结构，完整句为：While he was working there。
状语从句的省略条件：
※当主句的主语和从句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，这时可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略；
※如果从句的主语是it，且从句中含有be动词，这时也可以将it和be动词一起省略。

(1) at the bus stop，she met the famous editor.
她在车站等车时，遇到了那位著名的主编。
(2) about a new topic，it is important to collect facts and figures.
当学习一个新话题时，收集事实和数据是很重要的。
(3)When (ask) about the accident，the man kept silent.
当被问到这起事故时，这个男人保持了沉默。
(4)Please give me a phone .
必要时你可以给我打电话。
(5)I will go to see my teachers this summer .
如果可能的话，今年夏天我将去看望我的老师。
知识点8 He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时头发竖立着，好像刚挨了电击似的。
as though/if，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as though/if还可引导方式状语从句。若as though/if从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。
※当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
※当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
※当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
注意：若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。

(1)He talked to every corner of the world but in fact he had never left his village.他谈论着，好像他到过世界的每一个角落。可实际上他从没离开过村子。
(2)It seems as if he (know) everything，but in reality，he is stupid.
看起来他似乎是个万事通，其实他很蠢。
(3)It seems the first one here.
看起来我是第一个到这里的。
(4)The young man with long hair looks as if he (be) a woman.
那个长头发的男青年看上去好像是个女的。
知识点9 On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为失去这位杰出的科学家而哀悼。
※本句属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”，其中that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。
※It is believed that...人们相信……
It is said that...据说……
It is thought that...人们认为……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is known that...众所周知……
※上述句型可改为sb./sth.is believed/said/thought/...to do/to be doing/to have done，根据动词不定式和谓语动词之间的时间关系来确定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。

(1) this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。
(2) eating too much sugar does harm to our health.
人们认为，吃糖太多对健康有害。
(3) you will come back together.
人们期望你们一起回来。
(4) eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against illness.
已经证实，小时候多吃蔬菜有助于保护你免受疾病的困扰。
[句型转换]
(5)It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.(改为简单句)
→John one of the best teachers in the school.
分层提分


题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The patient is (逐渐地) recovering from the operation.
2．She was satisfied，for her son had obtained two (专利) on an invention.
3．According to the of relativity，nothing can travel faster than light.
4．University both teach and undertake research.
5．He played with such great (热情) that no one could compare with him.
6．The boy had an imagination that gave him the ability to explore future world.
Ⅱ.选词填空

7． ，I am quite satisfied with the result.
8．It is said that black more heat than white.
9．She should convince him of his stupid decisions.
10．Most of them turned up on time；only Tom arrived late due to the traffic jam.
11．He made a big mistake，and， ，he lost his job.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
12．They get together regularly to sum their work.
13．Don’t make remarks others’ private affairs.
14．This is the total cost of your trip，taking everything .
15．Young people have made a great (contribute) to China’s economic development.
16．The rain was heavy yesterday and (consequent) the roads were flooded.
17．As soon as he came power，he had the rule abolished at once.
18．As time went by，she understood her mother (gradual)．
19．This river is three times longer than that one， (flow) across 11 provinces.
Ⅳ.单句写作
20．你能告诉我怎样去公园吗？(疑问词＋不定式)
?
21．过马路时，他被车撞了。(状语从句的省略)
.
22．据报道，三分之一的市民打算买车。(It＋is＋过去分词＋that)
.
23．看这些云！看起来好像天要下雨了。(as if)
.
24．在路上他赶上了大雨，结果他上班迟到了。(as a consequence)
.

题组B 能力提升练
Student loan(贷款) debt has become a worldwide problem.In America，the country’s overall student debt reached a record of $1.6 trillion in 2019.The average person with student loan debt owed between $20,000 and $25,000.A recent Japanese government report says it has been lending over $9 billion yearly to students since 2010.Similar conditions exist in Africa and South America.
Several factors account for high student loan debt.One is that employers everywhere have increased their demands for skilled workers，making higher education a requirement for many jobs.The students，however，after graduation，often find that their country’s economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs，so their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.
To solve the problem，many countries are seeking their ways.Australia has developed a system where students do not have to pay anything back until they are earning at least $40,000 a year.In America，several candidates running for president in the 2020 election have offered more extreme solutions that all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.
Some professors in several universities recently studied what the effects of debt forgiveness might be.They found that，overall，sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers’ lives.Not only did they have more money，but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.
Yet the professors’ research doesn’t include what might happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven.It only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the borrowers.They warn of some other possible negative effects.If a borrower knew that if he ran into any trouble he would be saved because he could get the debt relief，then he might actually become more reckless(轻率的) with his borrowing in the future.
No matter what，the professors agree that if countries do decide to approve some student debt relief，the neediest students should be helped first.
1．How does the author introduce the problem of student loan?
A．By making a comparison.
B．By making classifications.
C．By presenting some statistics.
D．By setting down general rules.
2．What can we learn about student loan debt relief?
A．It will surely provide some benefits to borrowers.
B．It has already been carried out in the United States.
C．It aims to encourage more students to borrow money.
D．It will prevent a person from landing a well-paying job.
3．What is the professors’ attitude to debt forgiveness?
A．Uncaring. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Student loan debt is the most serious problem worldwide.
B．Student loan debt tends to pull the needy out of trouble.
C．Growing global student debt fuels search for solutions.
D．People hold different opinions on debt forgiveness.


题组C 培优拔尖练
As the coronavirus outbreak continues，many Americans are fearful of using public transportation.They are also looking for ways to get exercise without having to go to a gym，as well as ways to enjoy the outdoors. 1
In the United States，bicycles at big stores like Walmart have sold out.And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for “family-style” bicycles：the low-cost，easy-to-ride models.
The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s.The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. 2 All bicycle sales，including those for children，are up 100 percent from the year before.
3 Cities like Manila in the Philippines and Rome，Italy have created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation.In London，city officials plan to bar cars from some central roads.
Of course，you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one bicycle.In the U．S.，the shortages now mean it may take many months to get one. 4 The U．S.buys 90 percent of its bicycles from China.Bicycle factories there were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19.
In Bar Harbor，Maine，Brian Smith bought a new bicycle for one of his daughters.She is a competitive swimmer who could not get to the pool to practice.His family now goes for rides several times a day.Bicycling helps them all get exercise and enjoy the fresh air. 5 “It’s fun.Maybe that’s the bottom line.It’s really fun to ride bikes，” Smith said.
A．But what’s the biggest reason why they go on rides?
B．High demand is not the only reason for the shortage.
C．Then who has benefited greatest from riding bikes?
D．The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the United States.
E．In April，the sale of bicycles for adults increased 200 percent in the United States.
F．However，no bicycles have been imported from abroad like China since the end of last year.
G．So，it may not be surprising that the pandemic(流行病) has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.