广东省广州市真光中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学测试试题（Word版附解析）

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广州市真光中学2024届高三开学质量检测
高三英语
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节、阅读理解(共15小题，每题2.5分，共37.5)
A
These science-themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences.
London’s sites of scientific interest
Explore London’s notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors.
Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife, medicine, power generation, engineering, physics and astronomy.
The science history of Scotland
Discover Edinburgh and Glasgow’s most famous scientific thinkers, and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards.
Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙). Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers, take part in walking seminars (研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips, as well as visits to two industrial wonders, the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm.
Pre-Historic Southwest England
Involve yourself in the early human periods the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.
Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.
1. Which site can you visit along the River Thames?
A. Maiden Castle.
B. The Falkirk Wheel.
C. The Wetland Centre.
D. The Salisbury museums.
2. What is the visit to the Southwest England aimed at?
A. A closer look at the past.
B. A brief exposure to nature.
C. A new view about mysteries.
D. A deeper understanding of art.
3. What can visitors expect during all the three trips?
A. Talks with experts.
B. Visits to museums.
C. History explorations.
D. Scientific research.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了以科学为主题的旅行。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据London’s sites of scientific interest中的第二段“Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. (参观伦敦湿地中心、邱园、巴特西发电站和格林威治天文台。)”可知，沿着泰晤士河你可以参观到湿地中心。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pre-Historic Southwest England中的第一段“Involve yourself in the early human periods the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset. (让自己置身于人类早期的青铜和铁器时代。一次温和的徒步旅行，探索威尔特郡和多塞特郡的史前起源和证据。)”可知，访问英格兰西南部的目的是仔细看看过去。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据London’s sites of scientific interest中的第一段“Explore London’s notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors. (沿着泰晤士河探索伦敦著名的科学景点，从邱桥开始，白天步行到泰晤士河屏障，晚上听取一些教授演讲。)”、The science history of Scotland中的第二段“Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙). (享受专家讲座，探索苏格兰启蒙运动的重要遗址。)”和Pre-Historic Southwest England中的第二段“Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums. (参观几个国家信托、英国遗产和联合国教科文组织列出的景点，包括巨石阵和少女城堡，并听取威尔特郡和索尔兹伯里博物馆馆长的演讲。)”可知，在这三次旅行中，游客可以听取专家的演讲。故选A。
B
As parents, we always hope to develop character traits in our children that will enhance their success in life. When our daughter Meegan, the eldest of five children, lost her front tooth at the age of six, we found the following note wrapped around the tiny tooth.
Der Tooth Fairy，
Pleze leve me yor majik wand(杖). I want to be a tooth fairy, too.
Luv Meegan
Recognizing potential leadership skills, precious opportunity and the teachable moment, the “Tooth Fairy” left the following note for little Meegan:
Dear Meegan,
I have worked hard to be a good Tooth Fairy and I love my job. You are too young for the job just now, so I cannot give you my wand. But there are some things that you can start to do to prepare yourself for the job:
1) Always do your best in every job that you do.
2) Treat all people as you wish to be treated.
3) Be kind and helpful to others.
4) Always listen carefully whenever people speak to you. I will interview you one day when you are older and ready for the job.
Good Luck Meegan!
The Tooth Fairy
Meegan was thrilled at the response from the Tooth Fairy. She took the message to heart and carefully followed the instructions, always working to improve as she grew. Her character, her strength and her leadership skills grew right along with her. After graduating magna cum laude (以优秀成绩) from college, Meegan accepted a challenging management position. She excelled, and by age 27, she was the top manager of the company.
One day Meegan and I were talking about her success. She told me that the company president had once asked her what influences had motivated her toward success.
“What did you tell him?” I asked.
She replied, “My parents, my teacher and my friends. And, of course, the Tooth Fairy!”
4. What does the underlined phrase “the teachable moment” refer to?
A. Meegan lost a tooth. B. Meegan wrapped a tooth.
C. Meegan wrote a note. D. Meegan received a note.
5. Who wrote the reply note to Meegan?
A. The Tooth Fairy. B. Her parents. C. Her teacher. D. Her friends.
6. Why was the message so carefully followed by Meegan?
A. It helped Meegan see her goal reachable.
B. It promised Meegan a high-ranking position.
C. It demonstrated desirable character traits to Meegan.
D. It taught Meegan to build enjoyable interpersonal relationships.
7. How did Meegan become so successful?
A. She was gifted with supernatural power.
B. She was appreciated for outstanding talent.
C. She was motivated to develop fine qualities.
D. She was encouraged to work in a challenging position.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述了一个父母如何通过一个牙仙子写的纸条来培养女儿的性格特征以及女儿如何通过遵循这些指示走向成功并感谢牙仙子的教导。主要强调了做好准备、待人友善、乐于助人等品质对于成功的重要性。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段“When our daughter Meegan, the eldest of five children, lost her front tooth at the age of six, we found the following note wrapped around the tiny tooth. Pleze leve me yor majik wand. I want to be a tooth fairy, too.(当我们的女儿Meegan，五个孩子中最大的一个，在六岁时失去了门牙时，我们发现下面的纸条包裹在这颗小牙齿上。请给我你的魔杖，我也想成为一名牙仙。)”可知，Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望，父母抓住这个教育的契机，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子进行交流。所以“the teachable moment(可教的时刻)”指的是Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望（Meegan wrote a note），父母抓住这个教育的契机。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When our daughter Meegan, the eldest of five children, lost her front tooth at the age of six, we found the following note wrapped around the tiny tooth. Pleze leve me yor majik wand. I want to be a tooth fairy, too.(当我们的女儿Meegan，五个孩子中最大的一个，在六岁时失去了门牙时，我们发现下面的纸条包裹在这颗小牙齿上。请给我你的魔杖，我也想成为一名牙仙。)”和“Recognizing potential leadership skills, precious opportunity and the teachable moment, the “Tooth Fairy” left the following note for little Meegan(认识到潜在的领导技能、宝贵的机会和，“牙仙”给小米根留下了以下便条。)”可知，Meegan给牙仙子写了一个纸条表达自己的愿望，父母抓住这个教育的契机“the teachable moment(可教的时刻)”，以牙仙子的口吻跟孩子进行交流。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I have worked hard to be a good Tooth Fairy and I love my job. You are too young for the job just now, so I cannot give you my wand. But there are some things that you can start to do to prepare yourself for the job.(我一直努力成为一个好的牙仙，我热爱我的工作。你还太年轻，不能胜任刚才的工作，所以我不能把魔杖给你。但你可以开始做一些事情来为这份工作做好准备。)”和“Meegan was thrilled at the response from the Tooth Fairy. She took the message to heart and carefully followed the instructions, always working to improve as she grew.(米根对牙仙子的回应感到非常激动。她把这一信息牢记在心，并认真遵循指示，始终努力随着成长而进步。)”可知，Meegan根据牙仙子的要求，努力做好自己，以期早日达到牙仙子所提出的要求，实现自己的愿望。A选项“It helped Meegan see her goal reachable.（这帮助米根看到了自己的目标。）” 符合原文意思。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Meegan was thrilled at the response from the Tooth Fairy. She took the message to heart and carefully followed the instructions, always working to improve as she grew. Her character, her strength and her leadership skills grew right along with her. (米根对牙仙子的回应感到非常激动。她把这一信息牢记在心，并认真遵循指示，始终努力随着成长而进步。她的性格、她的力量和她的领导能力都随着她的成长而成长。)”可知，收到牙仙子的回复，Meegan非常激动，并把她的话记在心里去实施，努力做到。C项“She was motivated to develop fine qualities.(她被激励去培养优秀的品质。)”与原文意思一致。故选C。
C
Last year, 138,000 San Francisco residents used Airbnb, a popular app designed to connect home renters and travelers. It’s a striking number for a city with a population of about 850,000, and it was enough for Airbnb to win a major victory in local elections, as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services.
The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. It also contacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them to vote against Proposition F.
Most people think of Airbnb as a kind of couch-surfing app. The service works for one-night stays on road trips and longer stays in cities, and it often has more competitive pricing than hotels. It’s a textbook example of the “sharing economy”, but not everyone is a fan.
The app has had unintended consequences in San Francisco. As the San Francisco Chronicle reported last year, a significant amount of renting on Airbnb is not in line with the company’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare room to help make ends meet. Some users have taken advantage of the service, using it to turn their multiple properties into vacation rentals or even full-time rentals. Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs.
“The fact is, widespread abuse of short-term rentals is taking much needed housing off the market and harming our neighborhoods,” said ShareBetter SF, a group that supported Proposition F. Hotel unions have protested the company’s practices in San Francisco and other cities, saying that it creates an illegal hotel system.
San Francisco is in the middle of a long-term, deeply rooted housing crisis that has seen the cost of living explode. Actually, explode is a generous term. The average monthly rent for an apartment is around $4, 000. Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley.
As the Los Angeles Times reported, some San Francisco residents supported the measure simply because it seemed like a way to check a big corporation. Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve the city’s existing problems.
8. The intention of Proposition F is to ________.
A. place time limits in local election. B. set limits on short-term rental.
C. strike down a controversial rule. D. urge users to vote against Airbnb.
9. What is the negative consequence of Airbnb on San Francisco?
A. It shrinks the living space of middle-class families.
B. Users are taken advantage of by the service financially.
C It makes the house market more competitive.
D. It indirectly leads to high house rental price.
10. The housing crisis in San Francisco results from ________.
A. explosion of the living cost B. its geographic characteristics
C. generosity of local enterprises D. inflow of migrant population
11. The author’s attitude toward Proposition F is ________.
A. objective B. supportive
C. negative D. indifferent
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。旧金山提出了一项F提案限制房子短期租赁，这使得短期租赁软件Airbnb的很多用户反应激烈。文章介绍了Airbnb软件的影响和F提案支持者和反对者的看法。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“…as San Francisco voters struck down a debatable rule that would have placed time restrictions and other regulations on short-term rental services. (……因为旧金山选民推翻了一项有争议的规定，该规定将对短期租赁服务设置时间限制和其他规定。)”可知，F提案的目的是限制短期租赁。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs. (F提案的支持者认为，这种趋势使传统的、监管更好的住房市场失去了空间，并导致成本上升。)”可知，Airbnb对旧金山的负面影响是它间接导致了房屋租金高。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Located on a narrow outcropping of land overlooking the bay, San Francisco simply doesn’t have enough space to accommodate the massive inflow of young, high-salaried tech employees flocking to Silicon Valley. (旧金山坐落在一块可以俯瞰海湾的狭长裸露土地上，没有足够的空间容纳大量涌入硅谷的年轻高薪技术员工。)”可知，旧金山的住房危机是流动人口流入造成的。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The company fiercely opposed the measure, Proposition F, with a nearly $10 million advertising campaign. (该公司用近1000万美元的广告活动强烈反对F提案。)”和最后一段中“Opponents of Proposition F countered that the housing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule would have discouraged a popular service while doing little to solve the city’s existing problems. (反对F提案的人反驳说，住房危机要严重得多，通过这项规定只会阻碍一项受欢迎的服务，而对解决城市现有的问题几乎没有帮助。)” 可知，作者呈现了F提案反对者的观点；第四段中“Backers of Proposition F argued that this trend takes spaces off the conventional, better-regulated housing market and contributes to rising costs. (F提案的支持者认为，这种趋势使传统的、监管更好的住房市场失去了空间，并导致成本上升。)”可知，作者呈现了F提案支持者的观点，因此在本文中，作者呈现了F提案反对者和支持者的相关观点，但是作者自己没有明确表示自己的立场，因此作者对F提案的态度是客观的。故选A项。
D
Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.
When our research group began its work almost 20 years ago, we discovered that dogs also have extraordinary intelligence: they can read our gestures better than any other species. Wolves, in contrast, are mysterious and unpredictable. Their home is the wilderness, and that wilderness is shrinking.
But not so long ago the evolutionary race between dogs and wolves was so close, it was unclear who would win. Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolflike ancestor.
Folklore supposes that humans brought wolf puppies into camp and domesticated them. Or as wolf expert David Mech wrote in 1974, “Evidently early humans tamed wolves and domesticated them, eventually selectively breeding them and finally developing the domestic dog from them.” But this story has not held up. Taming an animal occurs during its lifetime. Domestication happens over generations and involves changes to the genome.
So how did wolves turn into dogs? Back in the Ice Age, as our human populations grew more sedentary, we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps. These leavings would have included tempting pieces of food for hungry wolves. Not every wolf would have been able to scavenge, however. These animals would have had to be unafraid of humans, and if they displayed any aggression toward us, they would have been killed. After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance. Coat color, ears, tails: all probably started to change.
Animals that could respond to our gestures and voices would be extremely useful as hunting partners and guards. They would have been valuable as well for their warmth and companionship, and slowly we would have allowed them to move from outside our camps to our firesides. We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves.
12. What can be summarized about wolves and dogs from the first three paragraphs?
A. Wolves are smarter than dogs.
B. They are very much racially divided.
C. They are close relatives but dogs seem to be on the winning side.
D. Dogs have made their ways to indoor life while wolves to the wild.
13. What is the meaning of the underlined word “sedentary” in paragraph 5?
A. diverse B. limited
C. living in the same place D. involving regular migration
14. What does the author conclude from the history of dogs and wolves?
A. Dogs evolved from wolves.
B. Selective breeding developed domestic dogs.
C. Taming and domesticating an animal are the same thing.
D. Friendliness as a quality translates into an evolutionary strategy.
15. Which of the following is suitable for a title?
A. From Wolf to Dog B. Dog: Our Favorite Pet
C. An Intentional Domestication D. A Competition Story between Wolf and Dog
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.(狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”以及第三段中“Dogs, in fact, did not descend from wolves. Instead, dogs and wolves shared a wolflike ancestor. (事实上，狗并不是狼的后代。相反，狗和狼有着共同的类狼祖先)”可推知，从前三段可以总结出狼和狗是近亲，但狗似乎是赢家。故选C。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“we probably created more rubbish, which we then dumped outside our camps.”可知，冰河时代，人类开始在同一个地方制造了更多的垃圾，然后把垃圾倒在营地外面，说明人类越来越多地选择住在同一个地方，垃圾才能堆积起来。画线词意思是“住在同一个地方”。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“After generations of selection for friendliness without intentional selection by humans, this special population of wolves would have begun to take on a different appearance.(经过几代人的友好选择，而不是人类的有意选择，这一特殊的狼群种群将开始呈现不同的外观)”以及最后一段中“We did not domesticate dogs. The friendliest wolves domesticated themselves. (我们没有驯养狗。最友善的狼驯化了自己)”可推知，作者从狗和狼的历史中得出的结论是：作为一种品质的友善可以转化为一种进化策略。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humans are not the only ones who underwent self-domestication. So did our close relatives, the bonobos, and the species we call our best friend. A tiny proportion of the genome differentiates dogs from wolves, and yet millions of dogs are comfortably curled up in our homes, while wolves move around at the edge of extinction.(人类并不是唯一进行自我驯化的物种。还有我们的近亲倭黑猩猩，以及我们最好的朋友。狗和狼的基因差异很小，但数百万只狗舒适地蜷缩在我们的家里，而狼则在灭绝的边缘徘徊)”结合文章主要介绍了狼和狗是近亲，但是狗却成了人类的好友。文章分析了狼进化成狗过程和原因。可知，A选项“从狼到狗”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节、七选五(共5小题，每题2.5分，共12.5分)
Color is in everything we touch, taste, smell and feel. It evokes(唤起) emotion without any thought.___16___We are all familiar with it, but do you know the following facts?
Silver will save your life. When buying a new car and finding yourself facing various choices, you can’t think clearly. Your best choice is to go with silver. Silver­colored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident. ___17___ Another reason is the silver color's ability to have a look of cleanliness.
___18___ Tough prisoners and crazy patients？It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control. So it surely has a useful place and a purpose, other than decorating a dress or Barbie's dream house.
Yellow makes you hungry. Yellow and orange are not recommended for use in kitchens, as they have a positive influence on your appetite.___19___ I’m not normally one for conspiracy(阴谋) theories­ but perhaps there’s something in it for them if we remain ignorant of yellow’s effects.
Color is an imaginary friend. Technically, it’s all in our heads: color does not exist at all. ___20___ So, if you start a heated debate over color combinations with someone that you are certain has a low IQ or is just color­blind，remember it's a pointless argument and you should drop it instantly. You're both wrong.
A. Pink comforts the nerves.
B. Blue is the most common favorite color.
C. They are most noticeable on the road and in low light.
D. Yellow­colored walls seldom leave us wanting more food.
E. It can be the focus of our careers, our lifestyle and the fun we have.
F. Then where would our restaurant owners be without the clever tricks?
G. Color tries to make sense of the huge amount of information from the outer world.
【答案】16. E 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一些色彩的作用。
【16题详解】
根据上文的“Color is in everything we touch, taste, smell and feel. It evokes(唤起) emotion without any thought.”可知，色彩与人们的生活密切相关，可以唤起人们的情感。E项“色彩可以是我们事业的重点，我们的生活方式和我们的乐趣。”与此呼应。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文的“Silver­colored cars are least likely to be involved in a car accident.”（银色汽车最不可能被卷入一场车祸。）以及下文的“Another reason is the silver color's ability to have a look of cleanliness.”（另一个原因是银色的外观清洁。）可推知，银色引人注目，不易引起交通事故。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据下文的“It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.”（这种颜色通常用来帮助那些失去控制的人平静下来。）可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据下文的Yellow makes you hungry. Yellow and orange are not recommended for use in kitchens, as they have a positive influence on your appetite.（黄色让你饿。黄色和橙色不推荐用于厨房，他们对你的食欲有一个积极的影响。）可推知，应选F项，餐馆老板利用色彩的作用招揽更多的顾客。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文的“Color is an imaginary friend. Technically，it's all in our heads:color does not exist at all.”（颜色是假想的朋友。从技术上讲，这都是在我们的脑袋里：颜色根本不存在。）可推知，本段对色彩进行了综合性的客观描述，与G项吻合。故选G。
【点睛】七选五阅读题，有部分题出现在每一段的开始位置，若问题在段首与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找 相关特征词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的一句话的在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会 有某种的衔接手段。本题第3小题，根据下文的“It is the color commonly used to help calm down those who are out of control.”可推知，本段所介绍的颜色有定心安神的作用。故选A。
第二部分;语言运用(两节，满分30分)
第一节、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
A new week began. Marcus entered the school. ____21____, he cried out, “What happened to the stadium?” Someone had painted faces on the stadium wall!
All students were whispering with ____22____ about the graffiti(涂鸦). Possible explanations spread like wildfire around the school.
Later, when Brian cleaned the blackboard, Marcus suddenly spotted the paint on his hands. He ____23____ that it was Brian who did it. After school, Marcus followed Brian and ____24____ on what he was doing. When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint! He decided to ____25____ it to Mr. Johnson.
The next morning, Brian was called to the principal’s office. The moment Mr. Johnson ____26____ asked about the graffiti, Brian cried. ____27____, Brian explained that he liked to paint, but he couldn’t join the art club because he had to go ____28____ home after school to babysit his little brother. “I’m sorry. I’ll clean the stadium,” he sobbed.
Though angry at first, Mr. Johnson began to soften as he realized how ____29____ Brian was. “Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter. Of course you should clean and _____30_____ the wall.” Mr. Johnson paused,“_____31_____ I must say, those paintings are quite good. Did you do it alone?” Brian nodded, “Yes. I’m good at painting.”
Mr. Johnson thought for a moment before making a(n) _____32_____. “Well,” he said, “some teachers suggested that we hire a local artist to paint our school mascot on the school wall. Would you like to participate in that?”
“Really?” Brian hesitated, _____33_____ to believe it.
“Yes, but it’s hard work, and we can consider it part of your _____34_____,” Mr. Johnson said, trying to hide his _____35_____ as he picked up the phone.
21. A. Gradually B. Generally C. Usually D. Suddenly
22. A. curiosity B. disappointment C. fear D. relief
23. A. wiped B. examined C. scanned . D. suspected
24 A. spied B. reflected C. commented D. hit
25. A. make B. report C. describe D. retell
26. A. hesitantly B. patiently C. directly D. sympathetically
27. A. Ashamed B. Surprised C. Excited D. Satisfied
28. A. slowly B. late C. deliberately D. right
29. A. fortunate B. miserable C. relaxed D. naughty
30. A. repaint B. hide C. build D. repair
31. A. And B. So C. Or D. But
32. A. promise B. choice C. decision D. appointment
33. A. unable B. unwilling C. unlikely D. unhappy
34. A. responsibility B. talent C. devotion D. punishment
35. A. regret B. anger C. smile D. pride
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Brian因热爱画画而在学校体育场的墙上涂鸦，他被发现后主动承认了错误，老师被他的态度和对绘画的热爱打动，要求他参与绘画学校的吉祥物。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他喊道：“体育场怎么了？”A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Generally一般地；C. Usually通常；D. Suddenly突然。上文讲新的一周开始时Marcus走进了校园，空后讲他惊讶地发现体育场的墙被人画了脸，所以他应该是突然发出惊呼。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的学生都满怀好奇在窃窃私语地谈论涂鸦。A. curiosity好奇心；B. disappointment失望；C. fear害怕；D. relief宽慰。大家都不知道是谁干的，所以心怀好奇。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他怀疑是Brian干的。A. wiped擦；B. examined检查；C. scanned扫描；D. suspected怀疑。下文讲他跟着Brian，由此可推测他怀疑Brian。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学后，Marcus跟着Brian，监视他正在做的事情。A. spied从事间谍活动；B. reflected反映；C. commented评论；D. hit击。根据空后的“what he was doing”可知，Marcus跟踪Brian是为了监视他。spy on意为“监视”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他决定向Johnson先生报告。A. make制作；B. report报告；C. describe描述；D. retell复述。根据上句“When Brian opened his locker, Marcus saw small cans of paint!(当Brian打开储物柜时，Marcus看到了小罐的颜料！)”可知，Marcus在跟踪的时候发现了可疑的事情，所以接下来应该是向老师报告情况。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Johnson先生一直接问起涂鸦的事，Brian就哭了。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. patiently耐心地；C. directly直接地；D. sympathetically同情地。上文讲Brian被叫去了校长办公室，这说明校长已经了解了情况，所以这时就直接开门见山询问起来。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Brian感到羞愧，解释说他喜欢画画，但他不能加入艺术俱乐部，因为他必须在放学后直接回家照顾他的弟弟。A. Ashamed 惭愧，羞愧；B. Surprised惊讶的；C. Excited兴奋地；D. Satisfied满意的。根据上文中的“Brian cried”和空后Brian的解释可推测，他内心为自己的行为感到羞愧。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. slowly缓慢地；B. late迟到；C. deliberately故意地；D. right直接地，径直。根据空前的“but he couldn’t join the art club”可推测他不能加入艺术俱乐部的原因是他没有时间，因为他放学后就得直接回家。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管Johnson先生一开始很生气，但当他意识到Brian是多么可怜时，他开始缓和了态度。A. fortunate幸运的；B. miserable可怜的；C. relaxed放松的；D. naughty淘气的。上文讲述了Brian因为必须在放学后直接回家照顾弟弟而不能加入艺术俱乐部，这说明他很可怜。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你当然应该把墙弄干净并重新粉刷一遍。A. repaint重新涂新涂料；B. hide隐藏；C. build建设；D. repair修理。在学校的墙上涂鸦是一种错误的行为，作为弥补，Brian应该清理干净墙壁并重新粉刷。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我必须说，那些画很不错。A. And而且；B. So因此；C. Or或者；D. But但是。上文“Brian, painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter.(Brian，在学校墙上涂鸦是一件非常严重的事情。)”表明了涂鸦的严重性，下文老师又说那些画不错，上下文是转折关系。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Johnson在做决定前思考了一会儿。A. promise承诺；B. choice选择；C. decision决定；D. appointment约定。根据空前的“thought for a moment”可知，他要就如何处理这件事做出决定。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“真的吗？”Brian犹豫了一下，不敢相信。A. unable不能；B. unwilling不愿意的；C. unlikely不大可能；D. unhappy不开心的。根据空前的“Brian hesitated”可知，老师安排的这个好差事让Brian感到难以置信。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“是的，但这是一项艰苦的工作，我们可以将其视为对你的惩罚的一部分，”Johnson先生说，他拿起电话时试图掩饰自己的笑容。A. responsibility责任；B. talent天赋；C. devotion献身；D. punishment惩罚。根据上文中的“painting graffiti on school walls is a very serious matter”可知，在学校墙壁上涂鸦是一件严重的事情，所以老师应该就这种行为处罚Brian，于是派给了Brian一件差事。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. regret遗憾；B. anger生气；C. smile微笑；D. pride自豪。上文讲老师同情Brian的情况，于是派给了他一件绘制学校吉祥物的差事，以满足Brian想要绘画的欲望，并以惩罚的名义让Brian用心去做，达到了两全其美的效果，所以老师内心应该是开心的，他的笑是满意的笑。故选C。
第二节、语法填空(共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。
Acting was, is and always will be the first love of the National Peking Opera Company’s new vice-president, Tian Lei, Chen Nan reports.
Huguosi Street was one of Beijing’s ____36____ (busy) commercial roads in the olden days. It also ____37____ (house) the residence of Peking Opera master Mei Lanfang (1894-1961). Not far from Mei’s address, the first theater for Peking Opera ____38____(perform) was created in 1954, five years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
The neighborhood ____39____ (change) over the decades, but the theater still stands tall and is ____40____(current) managed by the National Peking Opera Company. Tian Lei treasures the hours he spends there, training and rehearsing (排练). Wearing a costume and ____41____ (arm) with a prop spear (道具长矛), the 42-year -old walks confidently across the stage, ____42____ (practise) a variety of martial art movements, before ending the drill with a liangxiang (striking a pose on the stage).
Tian has been working with the opera company for 10 years. Its premises (处所) are ____43____ 10 -minute drive from the theater and his colleagues train there. He, however, prefers the historic stage. “I come to the theater almost every day because I enjoy the peace and emptiness this building offers. Rehearsing here helps me feel closer ____44____the Peking Opera masters ____45____ once graced the stage,” he says.
【答案】36. busiest
37. housed 38. performances
39. has changed
40. currently
41. armed 42. practising
43. a 44. to
45. who##that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了京剧的发展和国家京剧公司新任副总裁田磊从事京剧演艺的经历。
【36题详解】
考查形容词的最高级。句意：古时候，护国寺街是北京最繁忙的商业道路之一。分析句意再根据“one of+形容词最高级+复数名词”可知，此处应该用形容词的最高级形式。故填busiest。
【37题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：它也是京剧大师梅兰芳(1894-1961)的住所。分析句式结构可知，空格处是谓语动词，根据上文中的was可知，本句的时态为一般过去时。故填housed。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：在离梅家不远的地方，1954年，也就是中华人民共和国成立五年后，第一家京剧表演剧院成立了。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词作介词的宾语，此处performance“表演”是可数名词，且前面没有冠词，所以用复数形式表泛指。故填performances。
【39题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：几十年来，这个社区已经发生了变化，但剧院仍然屹立不倒，目前由国家京剧团管理。根据本句的时间状语over the decades可知，本句的时态应该用现在完成时，主语The neighborhood是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has changed。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，修饰动词managed应该用副词。故填currently。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：42岁的他穿着戏服，手持道具矛，自信地走在舞台上，练习各种武术动作，最后以一个“亮相”(在舞台上摆出一个姿势)结束练习。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用固定短语be armed with表示“装备有、配备有”，再分析句式结构，此处应省去be，用过去作状语。故填armed。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，又因为practise和逻辑主语the 42-year -old之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语表主动关系。故填practising。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：田先生已经在剧团工作了10年。那里距离剧院有10分钟车程，他的同事们也在那里训练。分析句意可知，此处drive是名词，且10-minute以辅音因素开头，所以用冠词a泛指一个“10分钟车程”。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：“在这里排演让我感觉更接近曾经登上舞台的京剧大师，”他说。分析句意再根据空格前的closer可知，此处用介词to构成固定搭配closer to表示“更接近”符合语境。故填to。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词Peking Opera masters指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who/that来引导。故填who/that。
第三部分 写作(共40分)
第一节、应用文写作(共15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris想到中国读大学，学习并体验中国文化。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐大学；2. 你的理由；3. 你的期待。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
Hearing that you are eager to study in university in China and experience in person our time-honored civilization, I am more than delighted to offer you some advice.
Given your above-mentioned requirements, Peking University is an excellent choice, which is located in our capital Beijing. Regarded as one of the top universities in China, this historic institute of learning boasts good educational resources, ranging from countless distinguished professors to the ideal academic atmosphere, which feeds your need of studying. Plus, Beijing possesses scenic spots like the Imperial Palace, an epitome of our history, which will gain you a deeper insight into our splendid and profound culture.
I sincerely hope that your dream of experiencing China in person one day will come true.
Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Chris,
Delighted to learn that you’re coming to learn in Chinese university, I’m writing to express my warmest welcome to you.
Given your keen interest in Chinese culture, I recommend you apply for Nanjing University, which is one of the first to enroll international students in China. With its profound culture, high-quality instruction, rich variety of courses, wide-range majors and abundant research opportunities, Nanjing University attracts students and scholars from all over the world. Moreover, it is located in Jiangsu, which will attract you with its beautiful scenery and harmonious cultural environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true. If you have further questions, don’t hesitate to contact me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Chris想到中国读大学，学习并体验中国文化。请给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐大学；2. 你的理由；3. 你的期待。
【详解】1.词汇积累
渴望：be eager to do→long to do
实现：come true→fulfill
高兴的：delighted→glad
灿烂的：splendid→brilliant
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Given your above-mentioned requirements, Peking University is an excellent choice, which is located in our capital Beijing.
拓展句：After I learned your above-mentioned requirements, I think Peking University is an excellent choice, which is located in our capital Beijing.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing that you are eager to study in university in China and experience in person our time-honored civilization, I am more than delighted to offer you some advice. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Plus, Beijing possesses scenic spots like the Imperial Palace, an epitome of our history, which will gain you a deeper insight into our splendid and profound culture. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节、读后续写(共25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A freezing downpour washed the street in front of the small-town bar. I sat gazing into the watery darkness, alone as usual. I had been in that old bar for half an hour, quietly drinking, when my thoughtful eyes finally focused on a medium-sized lump (一团) in a puddle (水洼) a hundred feet away. For another ten minutes, I looked out through the window trying to decide if the lump was an animal or just something.
The night before, a German dog named Shep had come into the bar begging for potato chips. He was starving and just the size of the lump in the puddle. Why should a dog lie in a cold puddle in the freezing rain? I asked myself. The answer was simple: Either it wasn’t a dog, or it was, he was too weak to get up.
The wound in my right shoulder ached all the way down my fingers. I didn’t want to go out in the storm. Hey it wasn’t my dog. It was just a stray on a cold rainy night, a lonely drifter (流浪者). So was I, I thought, as I tossed (扔) down what was left of my drink and headed out the door.
He was lying in the three inches of water. When I touched him, he didn’t move. I thought he was dead. I put my hands around his chest and raised him to his feet. He stood unsteadily, and his head hung like a weight at the end of his neck. His floppy ears were just hairless pieces of flesh dotted with open sores (伤口).
“Come on Shep,” I said, leading him to a corner next to the bar, where he lay on the cold cement and closed his eyes. A block away I could see the lights of a late-night convenience store. It was still open. I bought three cans of dog food and fed him. He couldn’t swallow but poorly look at me. He was dying!
注意：1. 续写词数应为150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The local vet (兽医) was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three days later, when I opened the door of the vet’s, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version:
The local vet was still at his office, so I loaded the poor creature into a taxi and headed there. After a quick check on the poor dog, the vet shook his head with regret. He promised me he would try his utmost but Shep was unlikely to get through it unless there is a miracle. While the vet treated the sores carefully, I tried to drop water in his mouth and fed him with food bit by bit. I never gave up hope of getting him saved. Many times I would caress his neck, whispering into his ears to encourage him to hold on. He was so weak that he had to stay in the vet’s.
Three days later, when I opened the door of the vet’s, Shep welcomed me with wild enthusiasm. He wagged his tail from left to right as if to say “Thank you”. He was gaining strength and improving for the better. Tears filling my eyes, I knew all our efforts were worthwhile. Soon, the dog recovered from severe sores and I adopted him and took him home. Once in a while, I would go to that bar with Shep, a drink for myself and a serve of potato chips for him. What would have happened if I hadn’t stepped out on that stormy night? Care and kindness really made a difference, to both of us.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者独自坐在小镇的老酒吧凝视着一百英尺外的水坑，水坑里有一团中等大小的东西，而外面在下着冰冷的大雨。经过长时间的思考，最终作者前去查看，发现水坑里确实是那只叫Shep的流浪狗，他已经奄奄一息。作者带Shep去看兽医，和兽医一起努力救助他。三天后作者再去诊所时Shep已经恢复体力，作者收养了他。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①.由第一段首句内容“当地的兽医还在他的办公室里，所以我把这可怜的动物装上一辆出租车直奔那里。”可知，第一段可描写作者带Shep去看兽医，和兽医一起努力救助他。
②.由第二段首句内容“三天后，当我打开兽医诊所的门时，Shep热情地欢迎我。”可知，第二段可描写三天后作者再去诊所时Shep已经恢复体力，此后作者收养了他。
2.续写线索：带Shep看兽医——情况不乐观——一起救助Shep ——Shep得救了——收养了Shep——作者的感慨
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.尽力：try one’ utmost/ try one’s best
②.低声说： whisper/ mutter/ speak in a low voice
情绪类
①.小心地：carefully/ with care
②.严重的：severe/ serious/ extremely bad
【点睛】[高分句型1]. He promised me he would try his utmost but Shep was unlikely to get through it unless there is a miracle.（运用了由unless引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. While the vet treated the sores carefully, I tried to drop water in his mouth and fed him with food bit by bit.（运用了由while引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型3]. He was so weak that he had to stay in the vet’s.（运用了由so…that引导的结果状语从句）