英语七年级下册Grammar优秀第3课时一课一练

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Module 1 Home and neighbourhood
Unit 4 Finding your way
第3课时Grammar
目标导航

单词
cage n.笼子，鸟笼
across prep.在...对面；穿过，横过
inside prep.在...里面
outside prep.在...外面
above prep. 在...上面
below prep. 在...下面
sign. n.指示牌
over prep.在...上面
bench n.长椅
短语
look like 看起来像
in front of 在...前面
row a boat 划船
football field 足球场地
on the left/right 在左边/右边
in the open area 在空旷的地方
重点句子
The flowers are in front of the shop.花在商店前面。
The shopkeeper is inside the shop.店员在商店里。
The boy is outside the shop. 那个男孩在商店外面。
The food is above the drinks. 食物在饮料的上面。
The drinks are below the food. 饮料在食物的下面。
The sign is over the bench.指示牌在椅子上面。
语法精讲
A 冠词
①表示数量“一”
②泛指某个人或事物
③表示人或事物的某一类
考点导航
不定冠词

①特指某人或事物
②指上文提到过的人或物
③用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。
④用在序数词和形容词最高级前
⑤用在乐器名词前。
⑥用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前

冠词
定冠词



①专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前
②球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前
③节日、星期、月份、季节名称前
④当名词前已经有this, that, my,等限定词时，不加冠词
零冠词




考点精讲
冠词是英语中最常见的一种限定词，它在句子中不能充当任何句子成分，所以也不能单独使用，只能用在名词前面，说明所指的人或物。冠词共有两种：不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有a和an，定冠词有the。在实际使用中，还有一种叫零冠词的，即在名词的前面不用任何冠词。
不定冠词a/an
1. 用法
l）表示数量有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强。 2）泛指某个人或事物。
3) 表示人或事物的某一类。 4）表示“每一”的意思，相当于every .
5）表示某一个，相当于a certain.
² Mr. Green goes to the cinema once a week． 格林先生每周去一次电影院。
² A Mr, Smith is asking to see you. 有个史密斯先生想要见你。
2.a/an 选择，看音素，不看音标
1）不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面
a UFO 一个不明飞行物 a university 一所大学
a useful book 一本有用的书 a European country 一个欧洲国家
2）an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面
an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an unusual experience 一次不同寻常的经历
（2022秋·河南郑州·七年级校考期中）It is ________ useful book. I can see ________ old man.
A．a; an B．an; a C．an; an D．a; a
3. 用于某些固定词组中。
half an hour 半个小时 as a result 因此 for a while 一会儿 for a moment 一会儿
have a nice trip 旅途愉快 in a hurry 匆忙地 live a happy life 过着幸福生活
定冠词the
1.用法
l）特指某人或某物。
The woman over there is a popular teacher in our school.
那边那个女人是我们学校很受欢迎的老师。
2）指双方都知道的人或事物。Where are the new books，Jim？吉姆，新那些新书在哪？
3）指上文提到过的人或物。
There is a woman standing there. The woman looked worried.
那边站着一个女人。那个女人看起来很焦虑。
4）用在世上独一无二的事物名词前。如：the sun, the sky, the earth, the world
5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：the first picture 在第一张图片里
6）用在山脉、江河、海洋、岛等名词前。如：the Yellow River, the Red Sea
7)用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫妇”。如：the Greens, the Blacks
8）用在乐器名词前。如：play the piano/ the violin
9）用在少数名词化的形容词前表示一类人或事物。
如：the old（老人）, the poor（穷人）, the blind（盲人）
10）用在表示方向位置的名词前。如：in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.
11）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
如：the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the White House 白宫
2.用在某些固定搭配中
look the same 看起来一样 in the sun 在阳光下 on the right 在右边
by the way 顺便说一下 all the time 一直 in the middle of 在中间
on the way home 回家途中 all the same 依然 at the same time 同时
in the end 终于 on the one hand……on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
（2022·江苏宿迁·七年级统考期末）The Reader is a wonderful TV show. ________ show tells us to read more good books.
A．An B．A C．The D．不填
零冠词
1.用法
1) 当名词前已经有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词时，不加冠词
2) 专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词等不可数名词前不加冠词。
3）球类活动、学科名词、一日三餐前不加冠词。
4) 节日、星期、月份、季节名称前不加冠词。
5) 表示颜色、语言、称呼语和官职、头衔的名词前不加冠词。
2. 某些固定词组中。
at noon 在正午 at midnight 在午夜 on time　准时 in time　按时
at work　在工作 on show 在展出 in trouble 　处于困境 at first　起初
in fact 事实上 on holiday在度假 on duty　　值日 at times　　有时候
after class　　课后 at night　　在夜间 with pleasure 乐意地
（2022·江苏宿迁·七年级统考期末）— Lily, you can’t go to school without having ________ breakfast. It’s bad for your health.
— I know, Mum.
A．/ B．the C．a D．an
【区分】有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。
1)at table 在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁
2)in class 在上课 in the class在班级中
3)in front of在…的前面（外部） in the front of在…的前面（内部）
4) in hospital 因病住院 in the hospital 在医院里（不一定生病）
介词
用法
举例
at
at后加小地点。如车站、机场、电影院、街道等
at the bus stop,
at home
in
表示在物体的内部；后也可接较大的地点，如国家、城市等。
in Nanjing, in China, in the world
on
表示在...上 （表面接触）
on the farm, on the wall,
on the second floor
over
指在......的正上方，表示垂直在上（不接触表面）
The sign is over the bench.
above
在...上方，没有垂直关系；通常指斜上方。
The food is above the drinks.
below
在...下方，没有垂直关系；通常指斜下方
The drinks are below the food.
under
在......的下方（通常为正下方）
The dog is under the bench.
in front of
在物体外部的前面
There are some trees in front of our house.
in the front of
在物体内部的前面
The teacher always stands in the front of the classroom.
behind
在...外部的后面
There is a girl behind the tree.
between...and...
在...和...之间
I am standing between my father and my mother.
along
沿着
He is taking a walk along the river.
inside
在...里面
The shopkeeper is inside the shop.
outside
在...外面
The boy is outside the shop.
B 表示地点的介词
（2022秋·江苏南京·七年级统考期中）I can’t see the film because two tall men sit ________ me.
A．behind B．beside C．in front of D．far away from
同步练习

题组A 基础过关练
一、 用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.This is ________ (a) ID card. Is it yours?
2.When I walk ________ (pass) the teachers’ office, I often see Mr Wu working hard.
3.Swimming ________ (cross) the pool is just a piece of cake for a good swimmer like him.
4.We’ll have the party ________ (outside) the house because it will rain.
5.There are many __________ (bench) for visitors to have a rest.
二、完成句子
1.她在房间里有一个小时了。
She is in the room ________ ________ ________.
2.《哈利·波特》是一本有趣的书。
Harry Potter is ________ ________ book.
3.挨着她的那个女人是我爸爸的妹妹，我的姑姑Liz。
The woman ________ ________ her is my dad’s sister, my aunt Liz.
4.谁在你的右边？
Who is ________ ________ ________?
5.它是一个不明飞行物。
It is ________ ________.
三、单项选择
1．（2022·广东广州·七年级校考期中）—Could you show me ________ orange T-shirt? I want to pick one for my son.
—Sure. What about ________ one over there?
A．a, the B．an, a C．an, the D．a, an
2．（2022·广东广州·七年级校考期中）My cousin studies in ________ university and he loves playing ________ guitar.
A．a; / B．an; a C．an;  / D．a; the
3．（2022·河北石家庄·七年级校考期中）There is ________ “u” and an “e” in the word “ruler”.
A．an B．a C．the D．/
4．（2022·河北石家庄·七年级石家庄市第四十二中学校考期中）I have ________ basketball. Let’s play ________ basketball.
A．a; / B．a; a C．/; the D．/; the
5．（2022·湖北武汉·七年级武汉武珞路实验初级中学校考期中）—Don’t shout at her! She is just ________ 8-year-old girl.
—I am sorry, I won’t.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
6．（2022·重庆沙坪坝·七年级重庆南开中学校考期中）Here is ________ English dictionary. ________ dictionary is red.
A．a; The B．an; The C．a; An D．an; A
7．（2022·上海长宁·七年级上海市第三女子初级中学校考期中）Bob is ________ SPCA officer and he wears ________ uniform at work.
A．a; an B．an; a C．an; an D．a; a
8．（2022·安徽芜湖·七年级统考期末）— Look! ________ card on the table is for you.
— Really? It is ________ beautiful one. I like it very much.
A．A; a B．A; the C．The; a D．The; the
9．There is ______ elephant in the zoo.______ elephant is from Africa.
A．/;An B．an; The C．a; The D．an; /
10．—Oh, you are wrong again. Be careful, please!
—I’m sorry. I won’t make ________ same mistake for ________ third time.
A．a; the B．a; a C．the; the D．the; a
11．It’s ________ pleasure to see ________ sun rising in ________ east.
A．/; the; / B．a; /; / C．a; the; the D．/; the; the
12．—What’s the most important tradition in Chinese family?
—I think it’s to respect ________ old and love ________ young.
A．the; the B．the; a C．/; the D．the; an
13．（2022·上海·七年级期末）I plan to go to France with ________, and we will visit ________ in Paris.
A．the Smiths; Louvre Museum B．the Smiths; the Louvre Museum
C．Smiths; Louvre Museum D．Smiths; the Louvre Museum
14．（2022·河北保定·七年级统考期末）My sister has only ________ apple for _________ dinner.
A．a; / B．a; the C．an; the D．an; /
15．（2022·江苏南京·七年级南京市科利华中学校联考期中）—Many doctors and nurses in Nanjing went to Shanghai in March.
—Shanghai is not far from Nanjing. It’s ________ the east of China, ________ the south-east of Nanjing.
A．in; to B．on; at C．to; on D．to; in
16．（2022·北京门头沟·七年级大峪中学校考期中）The bus stop is ________ the left of the hospital.
A．in B．on C．at D．behind
17．（2022·上海徐汇·七年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）Put the rug ________ the TV set and the sofa, please.
A．on B．above C．between D．among
18．（2022·江苏苏州·七年级校考期中）Fujian is ________ the south of China and ________ the north of Taiwan.
A．to; in B．on; to C．in; to D．in; /
19．（2022·江苏南京·七年级南京玄武外国语学校校考期中）They will build a new bridge ________ the river in front of my house.
A．on B．over C．in D．near
20．（2022·江苏苏州·七年级苏州市第十六中学校考期中）The Qinhuai River runs ________ Nanjing, and there are many beautiful bridges ________ it.
A．across; through B．through; over C．through; through D．across; over

题组B 能力提升练
四、完形填空
（2022·河北保定·七年级统考期末）Li Ming comes out of the train station. He wants to see his friend, Lin Tao. Lin Tao is a ____1____ . He works in Zhongshan Hospital in this city. But Li Ming ____2____ the way to the hospital. This is his  ____3____ visit to this city.
Li Ming walks on the street ____4____. Soon he comes to a school. Some students ____5____ out of the school gate. He comes over and ____6____ a boy, “Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Zhongshan Hospital?”
“Yes, I live near there. ____7____ uncle works in that hospital. It’s not ____8____ here. Go along this road to the end, and you’ll find the ____9____ on your right. You can’t ____10____ it, “the boy says. “It’s about 500 metres away from here.”
“Thank you very much!”
1．A．student B．friend C．teacher D．doctor
2．A．knows B．know C．don’t know D．doesn’t know
3．A．first B．one C．second D．last
4．A．early B．late C．alone D．only
5．A．walks B．will walk C．are walking D．walk
6．A．tells B．asks C．speaks D．talks
7．A．Myself B．Me C．My D．I
8．A．far B．away from C．far away D．far from
9．A．school B．hospital C．station D．bank
10．A．miss B．get C．take D．give
五、 阅读单选
A
（2022·云南昆明·七年级统考期末）
Dear David,
I’m very glad you are arriving in my city this Sunday. Now let me tell you the way to the Blue Sky Restaurant. I’ll meet you there. Take a bus from the bus station and go down New Bridge Street. Go across the big bridge. When you see a bank, turn right and go along Bank Street. You’ll pass these one-way streets: Sixth Street, Seventh Street and Eighth Street. When you see a big KFC, turn left. Then go along Green Street. When you see New Park, turn left and go down Center Street. The Blue Sky Restaurant is on your right.
I wish you have a good trip.
Yours,
Larry
1．Larry will meet David in a ________.
A．bank B．restaurant C．KFC D．park
2．How does David go to Larry’s city?
A．By bus. B．By plane. C．By bike. D．By car.
3．How many one-way streets will David pass?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
4．Where is the Blue Sky Restaurant?
A．On the left of New Park. B．On the right of the bank.
C．On the left of Green Street. D．On the right of Center Street.
5．Which of the following is TRUE (正确的)?
A．David can see a big KFC on his way to the restaurant.
B．David and Larry will have lunch after David arrives.
C．When David sees a bank, he should turn left.
D．Four streets are in the letter.
B
（2022·重庆·七年级统考期末）The old woman Mrs. Read likes to be exact (精确的). When she is walking on the street, a man comes and stops her. “Excuse me, is there a hotel near here?” “The hotel? You have to cross a bridge and then turn left.”
“How long is the bridge?” “30 meters.” The man thanks her and walks to the bridge. Suddenly someone (某人) is running after him. “Stop, please!” Mrs. Read is shouting behind. “I’m very sorry. The bridge is not thirty meters long. It’s forty. If you go thirty meters and then turn left as I tell you, you will get into the water.”
6．The man goes to the hotel ________.
A．by bike B．on foot C．by bus D．by car
7．Mrs. Read runs after the man to ________.
A．ask for money B．thank him
C．stop him crossing the bridge D．tell him the exact way
8．The bridge is ________ meters long.
A．30 B．40 C．10 D．70
9．We can learn from the story ________.
A．Mrs. Read is an exact woman B．the man gets into the water
C．the man makes a wrong turn D．Mrs. Read doesn’t know the way to the hotel
六、语法填空
阅读下面的e-mail,在空格外用适当的冠词填空，不需要的地方填“/”
Dear Amy,
I have ___1___ good news for you. We will have __2___ party this Saturday. It is on ___3___ fourth of March. A lot of friends will come to ___4__ party. Would you like to come?
It is ___5___ first time to hold a party in ___6___ China for us. We plan to hold it in a restaurant called Kelaiyue. It is ___7___ best restaurant near my home. If you would like to join us, you can come by ___8___ bus.
I am looking forward to seeing you. We are sure to have __9___ good time together. And you will see a new friend of mine. He is ____10____ 11-year-old American boy. You can be good friends, I think.
Love,
Daniel
七、短文综合填空
（2022·福建南平·七年级统考期中）
Dear Sally,
Thanks for your last letter. I am happy ___1__ /bɪˈkɒz/ you will come to my home. I’ll see you again. ___2___ to my home!
Now let me tell you the way to my home. You can take ___3___ bus at the train station gate. The No. 1 bus will take you to the ___4__ (child) Hospital. Then you can ___5___ /wɔ:k/ past the hospital and get to Xinhua Street. Go ___6___ this street and then you can see a restaurant. Turn ___7__ (left) and you can find a park. Next to the park, there ___8___ (be) a post office. My home is __9___ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ the post office. If you lose the way, please call me and I will go to meet you. And you can ___10__ ask the police for help. I hope to see you soon.
                                                                      Yours,
                                                                          Helen