高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Meeting the muse学案

Section Ⅱ　Using language

1.trend n．趋势，动向

(教材原句)Art exhibitions can have many themes, such as a historical period, a location or a trend.

艺术展览可以有许多主题，如一个历史时期、一个地点或一种趋势。

❶There is a trend towards simplicity in fashion.时尚上有一种简约的趋势。

❷The composer claims that it was he who set the trend towards long hair.那位作曲家宣称是他开创了留长发的潮流。

[归纳探究]

a/the trend towards...    朝……的趋势

follow the trend    追随趋势

set the trend    开创潮流

on trend    流行的

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①There has been a trend ________ hiring younger, cheaper employees.

②Her long skirt is right ________ trend this winter.

③The youth like to ____________________ (追随最新趋势) in fashion.

2.contrast n．反差，对比　v．形成对照，形成对比

(教材原句)Contrast achieved with the lifeless objects and the grass leaves.无生命的物体和草叶形成的对比。

❶The yellow curtains contrast sharply with the blue bedcover.

黄色窗帘与蓝色床罩形成鲜明的对照。

❷If you contrast some of her early works with her later works, you can see how much she has improved.

你如果把她早期的一些作品和后期的作品对比一下，就会看出她进步了多少。

[归纳探究]

in contrast to/with    与……形成对比

by contrast    相比之下

contrast with    与……形成对比

contrast...with...    把……与……进行对比

[即学即练]　完成句子

①与其他故事相比，民间故事对孩子们更有吸引力。

________________ other stories, folk tales are more attractive to children.

②相比之下，他比他弟弟聪明得多。

________________， he is much cleverer than his brother.

3．apart from除了……外(还)；除了……外(都)

❶Apart from writing songs, the composer often composes music for orchestras.除了写歌，这位作曲家还常为管弦乐队作曲。

❷I've finished apart from the last question.

除了最后一道题，我全做完了。

❸What other sports do you like besides/apart from football?

除了足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？

❹I like all sports except/apart from football.

我喜欢除足球之外的所有运动。

[归纳探究]

apart from, besides与except

＝apart from

[即学即练]　完成句子/选词填空(apart from/besides/except)

①Your composition is good, __________________________ (除了几处拼写错误)．

②He has no interests, ________________ his work.

③________________ these two books, he has written some plays and film scripts.

4.be tired from因……而疲劳(侧重于身体上的疲倦)

(教材原句)Although my legs were tired from walking around the city...虽然我的腿因为在城市里到处走而累了……

❶He is tired from painting the house all day.

粉刷了一整天房子，他很累。

❷I was tired from having sat up all night.我因通宵熬夜而感到疲惫。

❸He is tired of the criticism of him on the Internet.

他厌倦了网上对他的批评。

❹I must sit down and rest. I'm tired out.

我必须坐下来休息一下。我实在太累了。

[归纳探究]

be tired of    对……感到厌烦(侧重于精神上的厌倦)

be tired out    疲惫不堪，筋疲力尽

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①That night, we were very ________ (tire) from our trip and went to bed early.

②I'm so tired ________ doing the same job, day after day.

③I'm tired ________， because I have been on my feet all day.

5.(教材原句)It wasn't until we went on a trip to the Hague last year that this dream came true!

直到去年我们去海牙旅行，这个梦想才实现！

[句式解构]　It was not until...that...直到……才……

❶It was not until the technician came that the complicated problem was solved.直到技术人员来了，这个复杂的问题才被解决。

❷It was not until recently that their efforts had paid off.

直到最近他们的努力才有了回报。

❸You can't leave until your work is finished.

在你的工作完成之前，你不能离开。

❹He didn't inform me of the contest until yesterday.

直到昨天他才通知我比赛的事。

❺I didn't wake up until I heard the alarm clock.

直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。

[归纳探究]

(1)It was not until...that...是not...until...结构套在强调句型“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分．”中的复合句式。

(2)在not...until...结构中， not用在主句的谓语结构之中，常用来否定非延续性动词。until作介词时，后面接表示时间概念的词或名词性短语； until作连词时，后面接时间状语从句，构成一个主从复合句。整个句子常翻译成“直到……才……”。

[即学即练]　改写为强调句/完成句子

①Tom was not allowed to play computer games until he finished his homework.

→________________________________ he was allowed to play computer games.

②________________________________ (直到我来到这里) that I realised this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

③You will not concentrate on your work ________________________________ (直到你全心投入)．

熟记下列重要知识点

①serve as    用作，充当……用

②come true    实现，成为现实

③be determined to    决心做某事

④be worth doing    值得做

⑤voice/state one's attitude (to/towards)    表达某人(对……)的观点

⑥enable sb. to do sth.    使某人能够做某事

⑦to name just a couple    举几个例子

动词不定式、v.-ing和v.-ed形式作表语

一、语法现象感知

①My work is to clean the room every day.

②His dream is to be a doctor.

③Travelling is interesting but tiring.

④The argument is very convincing.

⑤We were excited at the news.

⑥I am astonished that he didn't pass the exam.

二、语法规则理解

1．句①②中________作表语。

2．句③④中________作表语。

3．句⑤⑥中________作表语。

动词不定式、v.-ing和v.-ed形式作表语

1．不定式作表语

不定式作表语表示具体的动作或将来的动作，用来说明主语的状态、特性或内容，主要用于以下三种情况：①表示预定要发生的动作；②主语是aim, goal, task, intention, hope, idea, dream, plan, purpose, attempt, suggestion等抽象名词(词组)时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。

❶His son's dream is to be an astronaut.

他儿子的梦想是当一名宇航员。

❷My plan is to finish the project in a month.

我的计划是一个月内完成这个项目。

❸What I suggest is to put off the meeting.

我建议推迟会议。

　当主语中有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。

What he needs to do is (to) study hard.

他所需要做的就是努力学习。

2．v.-ing形式作表语

(1)动名词作表语

动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作，主要是对主语内容进行说明和解释。主语通常是job, work, hobby, passion等抽象名词(词组)，且主语和表语常常可以互换位置。

❶My job/hobby is painting.我的工作/爱好是画画。

❷Her passion is dancing.她的爱好是舞蹈。

(2)现在分词作表语

现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质或特征，主语和表语不可换位，意为“令人……的”，常用形容词有： interesting, touching, moving, exciting, frightening, disappointing, surprising, puzzling, confusing, amazing, amusing, pleasing, encouraging, inspiring, convincing, astonishing, shocking, satisfying, worrying等。

❸Her letter was touching.她的信很感人。

❹The situation was puzzling.形势令人迷惑不解。

　动词的进行时表示一个正在进行的动作，这与动名词和现在分词作表语意义不同。

Her job is taking care of the children.

她的工作是照顾小孩。(动名词)

Her job is interesting, and she enjoys taking care of the children.

她的工作很有意思，她喜欢照顾小孩。(现在分词)

She is taking care of the children.

她正在照顾小孩。(进行时)

3．v.-ed形式作表语

过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或感情，意为“感到……的”，常用形容词有： interested, touched, moved, excited, frightened, disappointed, surprised, puzzled, confused, amazed, amused, pleased, delighted, encouraged, inspired, convinced, astonished, shocked, satisfied, worried等。

❶We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上说的话感到惊讶。

❷This lake is badly polluted.这个湖受到了严重污染。

　过去分词作表语和过去分词用于被动语态形式一样，区别是：过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态；过去分词用于被动语态说明主语所承受的动作。

The cup is broken.杯子碎了。(broken作表语)

The cup was broken by John.

杯子是约翰打碎的。(被动语态)

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．This concept is too ________ (抽象的) for preschool children to understand.

2．He defeated his opponent and became the head of the new army ________ (装置)．

3．In the circus, we can often see a clown walking on a ________ (金属丝) to entertain the audience.

4．Any digging at this spot is forbidden, because many communication ________ (电缆) are laid here.

5．There was a growing ________ (趋势) toward working at home amid the technology workers.

6．There was an obvious ________ (对比) between the designing styles of the two brands.

7．The ________ (令人惊叹的) display of the old soldier's badges impressed the students deeply.

8．The amusement park put forward some ________ (创新的) performances to attract visitors.

Ⅱ.短语填空

apart from, serve as, be replaced by, come true, be tired from, would love to, by contrast, enable sb. to do, to name just a couple, respond to

1．____________ one's own effort, teamwork is also an essential part of one's success.

2．I thought the doctors would ____________ hours of surgery.

3．The composer's good fame can ____________ a free advertisement for the concert.

4．Years of hard work ____________ him ____________ (endure) the intense competition.

5．This fellow ____________ seize every opportunity to show his talents.

6．After working hard for years, his dream of becoming a linguist finally ____________．

7．Computers have become increasingly common in school. Nevertheless, teachers will never ____________ computers in the classroom.

8．We must ____________ well-founded criticism with willingness to change.

9．After you read some classics, you'll find some works of the so-called modern writers are of poor quality ____________．

10．Some adolescents have many problems, including smoking, drinking alcohol, cheating in the exams, ____________．

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．As a student in senior high school, the most important task is ________ (study) hard, which determines his future.

2．Amazed at how skillful they were, I was ________ (determine) to be just as good.

3．It is ________ (amaze) that the artist devotes so much time to painting.

4．The bike was a birthday present from my uncle. You can imagine how ________ (excite) I was when I saw it.

5．He made people laugh at a time when they felt ________ (depress), so they could feel more content with their lives.

6．We were ________ (shock) to hear that the missing pet was found dead at midnight.

7．If their habitat is ________ (threaten) or they cannot find enough food, the number of them may decrease.

8．There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ________ (disappoint)．

9．The children will get ________ (confuse) if asked to learn too much at a time.

10．What squirrels can do is ________ (store) all kinds of food before the winter comes.

Section Ⅱ　Using language

要点精研·探究学习

1．①towards　②on　③follow the latest trend

2．①In contrast with　②By contrast

3．①apart from some spelling mistakes　②apart from/except

③Apart from/Besides

4．①tired　②of　③out

5．①It was not until Tom finished his homework that　②It was not until I came here　③until you put your whole heart into it

语法新知·对接课堂

二、

1．不定式　2.现在分词　3.过去分词

课时达标·随堂自测

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．abstract　2.installation　3.wire　4.cables　5.trend

6．contrast　7.awe-inspiring　8.innovative

Ⅱ.短语填空

1．Apart from　2.be tired from　3.serve as　4.enables; to endure　5.would love to　6.came true　7.be replaced by

8．respond to　9.by contrast　10.to name just a couple

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．to study　2.determined　3.amazing　4.excited

5．depressed　6.shocked　7.threatened　8.disappointed

9．confused　10.(to) store