2024版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit3SeaExploration教师用书新人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit 3 Sea Exploration

Ⅰ．词块记单词
1．active channels 活跃通道
2．strengthen the bonds 加强联系
3．devote one's life and profession to 把一生和职业奉献给……
4．withdraw from several tournaments 退出一些锦标赛
5．applaud for the ocean research work 为海洋研究工作喝彩
6．tax plastic bottles 对塑料瓶征税
7．add the whales to the directory 将鲸鱼添加到名录
8．knock down one's opponent 击倒某人的对手
9．log new species 记录新物种
10．lead to the arrest of ...导致……的逮捕
Ⅱ．语境记单词
1．They have been negotiating about some items of the contract for about two hours, but the negotiation hasn't gone smoothly．(negotiate)
2．He mixed the two ingredients together in the bowl and the mixture tasted delicious．(mix)
3．The reporter covered the case of the official's corruption and the result of the coverage was shocking．(cover)
4．Most birds have to fly long distances to migrate and it often takes them a long time to finish the migration．(migrate)
5．No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica because the exploitation is too difficult for humans to carry out．(exploit)
6．The famous politician was murdered the other day and the murderer hasn't been found so far．(murder)
7．He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless on those he doesn't like．(mercy)
8．The manuscript is possessed by him and it is just one of his possessions．(possess)
Ⅲ．语境记短语
1．When he writes his novel, he always keeps a dictionary in hand (在手头)．
2．The explorer set sail (起航) for the Antarctic in search of some unknown wildlife．
3．He advertised them of his decision to withdraw from (退出) the election．
4．These donations are for the benefit of (为了……的利益) the disabled children．
5．After looking into (调查) the matter, the policeman drew a conclusion that the driver was to blame for the accident．
6．The country, the richest one all over the world, is in a league of its own (独领风骚)．
7．First of all (首先), we have a wide range of language courses．
Ⅳ．公式练句型
1．很有必要制定法律保护濒危动物。(There be a need to do ...)
There is an urgent need to make laws to protect endangered animals．
2．在导游的带领下，我们轻松地穿过了森林。(独立主格结构)
The guide leading the way, we easily got through the forest．
3．搬走所有这些书要花费我们半个小时的时间。(不定式短语作主语)
To remove all the books will take us half an hour．
4．一座现代化的城市已经在十年前还是一片荒芜的地方拔地而起。(what引导的宾语从句)
A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago．
5．随着时间的推移，我逐渐适应了学校生活。(as引导的时间状语从句)
As time went by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life．


1．negotiate vt．商定；达成(协议) vi．谈判；磋商；协商
[素养佳句]Our English teacher is negotiating with the headmaster for the use of the library．
我们英语老师正在同校长商谈使用图书馆的事。
(1)negotiate with sb．for/about sth．＝negotiate sth．with sb．与某人商议/谈判某事
(2)negotiation n．谈判；磋商；协商
under negotiation在商讨中
in negotiation with和……协商中
——单句语法填空
①The airline has been negotiating/has negotiated (negotiate) a new contract with the union recently．
②Our coach is negotiating with the headmaster for/about the use of their gym．
③The details of the contract are still under negotiation．
④The company entered into negotiation (negotiate) for the purchase of a site just outside the town．
——一句多译
您为什么不就此事直接与他进行协商呢？
⑤Why don't you have a talk/talk with him directly about the matter? (talk)
⑥Why don't you consult him directly about the matter? (consult)
⑦Why don't you negotiate with him directly about the matter? (negotiate)
⑧Why don't you enter into/open/conduct negotiations with him directly about the matter? (negotiation)
2．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物
[素养佳句]We listened to the news with a mixture of surprise and excitement．
我们听到这个消息，既惊讶又兴奋。
(1)a mixture of ... ……的混合物
(2)mix vi．&vt．(使)混合；(使)掺和；(使)融合
mix with与……混合；融合
mix A with B＝mix A and B (together) 把A与B混合起来/融合在一起
mix up混淆；弄混；弄乱
(3)mixed adj．混合的；混杂的
——单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture (mix)．
②I don't like to mix business with pleasure．
③He was so nervous that he got the speech pages all mixed (mix) up．
——完成句子
④They looked at him with a mixture of horror, envy, and awe．
他们带着一种恐惧、嫉妒和敬畏交加的心情望着他。
⑤You'd better not mix business with private affairs．
你最好不要把公事和私事混在一起。
3．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
[素养佳句]The old woman showed mercy to the poor children．
这位老妇人很同情这些可怜的孩子。
(1)show mercy to对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on/upon对……怜悯/宽恕
without mercy残忍地；毫不留情地
at the mercy of ...任由……摆布
(2)merciful adj．仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的
(3)merciless adj．残忍的；无慈悲心的
——单句语法填空
①Thanks to the merciful (mercy) lady, I had money to buy a ticket home．
②If the shopper had had mercy on the boy, he would have got the geography book．
③Why did you show mercy to the thief who had stolen your money?
——完成句子
④His father drove him out of home without mercy．
他父亲毫不留情地把他赶出了家门。
⑤The ship was at the mercy of the strong winds and waves．
这艘船受大风和海浪的摆布。
4．possession n．个人财产；拥有；控制
[素养佳句]Happiness is not wishing for what we don't have，but enjoying what we take possession of．
幸福不是希望得到我们没有的东西，而是享受我们拥有的东西。
(1)in possession of具有，拥有
in the possession of被……拥有，归……所有
take possession of占有，拥有
(2)possess vt．拥有，具有；支配
(3)possessed adj．具有(某种品质、能力等)；着了魔似的；猛烈的
be possessed of具有(某种品质、能力等)
be possessed by为……所支配
——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding．
②(2019·天津卷)Right after Erin took possession (possess) of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum (论坛), trying to see if anyone knew me．
③The young man is possessed (possess) of great self-confidence．
——一句多译
据说一个年轻人拥有这座大楼。
④It is said that a young man possesses this building．(possess v．)
⑤It is said that a young man is in possession of this building．(possession n．)
⑥It is said that this building is in the possession of a young man．(possession n．)

in possession of 表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in the possession of 表示被动，意为“为某人所有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。
5．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt．逮捕；拘留；阻止；引起……的注意；吸引
[素养佳句]He was walking in the street when a beautiful lady arrested his attention．
他正在街上走着，突然一位漂亮的女士引起了他的注意。
(1)under arrest被捕
make an arrest展开拘捕行动
(2)arrest sb．for (doing) sth．因(做)某事逮捕某人
arrest one's attention引起某人的注意
——单句语法填空
①A man found involved in the robbery was arrested (arrest) and was sentenced to three years in prison．
②The young man was arrested for stealing (steal) his neighbour's computers．
③The murderer was under arrest in a small village located in the south of the country．
④ During the strike, a great many young people got arrested (arrest)．
——一句多译
橱窗里的电动玩具吸引了小男孩的注意。
⑤The electric toy in the window attracted the little boy's attention．(attract)
⑥The electric toy in the window arrested the little boy's attention．(arrest)
⑦The electric toy in the window caught the little boy's attention．(catch)
6．in hand在手头；可供使用
[素养佳句]Having enough data in hand, we can set out to carry out our plan as scheduled．
手头有了足够的资料，我们可以开始按照安排执行我们的计划了。
(1)at hand在手边；在附近
by hand用手
hand in hand手拉手；关系密切地
on the one hand ..., on the other hand ...一方面……，另一方面……
(2)hand back归还；交还
hand down把……传下去
hand in上交
hand out分发；散发
hand over移交
——单句语法填空
①With so much work in hand, I can't spare any time for my holiday．
②(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper．
③Good traditions should be handed down from generation to generation．
④(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal．
——完成句子
⑤Luck doesn't come alone．It goes hand in hand with hard work and knowledge．
运气不会单独来。它与勤奋和知识密切相关。
⑥On the one hand, you have studied very hard, but on the other hand, you have not learned as much as you need．
一方面，你学习很努力；但另一方面，你还没有把需要的东西全学到手。
7．There be ...need to do sth．有……必要做某事
[素养佳句]Although you have done a good job, there is a great need for you to keep on trying．
虽然你已经做得很好了，但仍然有必要继续努力。
(1)There is (no) need to do sth．(没)有必要做某事。
There is (no) need for sth．某事(没)有必要。
There is (no) need for sb．to do sth．某人(没)有必要做某事。
(2)其他常见的there be 结构：
There＋情态动词＋be ...
There stand(s)/lie(s)/exist(s)/remain(s)/come(s)/go(es) ...
There seem(s)/appear(s)/happen(s)/used to be ...
There is sth．＋to do/to be done ...
There is no denying/doubt that ...
There is no use/good/sense/point (in) doing ...
There is no such thing/person as ...
——单句语法填空
①There is an urgent need to build (build) a nature reserve in this area．
②Even if you make a mistake, there is no need for embarrassment．
③There is no denying (deny) the fact that more and more plastics will come into use in our daily life．
④ There is still much to discuss/to be discussed (discuss)．We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting．
——句式升级
You needn't wait for him because he is busy with his work now．
⑤There is no need for you to wait for him because he is busy with his work now．(There be句型)

选词填空
profession; tax; channel; politics; extend; murder; tale; applaud
1．Should the rich be heavily taxed in order to help the poor?
2．Boys usually like to listen to different tales of adventure．
3．Our efforts to improve the situation are to be applauded．
4．In the nursing profession, women are in the majority．
5．Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain channels．
6．Chengdu is the capital of Sichuan Province and the centre of its politics, economy and culture．
7．She has been charged with the attempted murder of her husband．
8．The company plans to extend its operations into Europe．

Ⅰ．语境猜词义
1．(2022·浙江卷1月)It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30，000 per year before tax．n．税
2．(2021·北京卷)UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30，000 for the internship period．n．覆盖范围
3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷改编)The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探测器) touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin．adj．无人操纵的
4．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷改编)Rereading extends the understanding of oneself．v．扩大；增强
Ⅱ．一词多义
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register．B
A．n．债券；公债　　　 B．n．纽带；关系
C．n．枷锁；桎梏　　　 D．n．结合；黏合
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．(2022·浙江卷6月)As they came in my direction, I put on my brightest and happiest smile．
当他们朝我的方向走来时，我露出了最灿烂、最快乐的笑容。
2．(2021·北京卷写作)Please let me know what you think．
请让我知道你的想法。
3．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Although the Merediths weren't well off，they showed mercy to/had mercy on/upon the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible．
尽管梅瑞迪斯一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。
4．(2020·浙江卷7月写作)Therefore, there is no need to worry about our studies — just relax and have a good rest．
因此，不必为我们的学习担心——放松一下，好好休息。
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The experience created a very special bond (关系) between us．
2．The incomes of skilled workers went up．Meanwhile (与此同时), unskilled workers saw their earnings fall．
3．The police have arrested (逮捕) the man who sold drugs to the teenagers．
4．On every single move you have to analyse a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options．
5．As the comedian walked down the stage, the entire audience stood to their feet clapping to applaud (鼓掌) her wonderful performance．
6．The family made an official complaint to a ship's officer, which was recorded in the log (日志)．
7．The general stated that all foreign forces would withdraw (撤退) as soon as the crisis ended．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．It probably set sail to/for Guangzhou, the largest of the ports linked by the Maritime Silk Route．
2．My parents want me to have a professional (profession) career — but which profession should I choose?
3．We listened to the news with a mixture (mix) of surprising and horror that he was badly injured in an accident．
4．Advertisements may persuade us to throw away useful possessions (possess) to make room for new ones．
5．When he was very young, he was forced to leave his homeland for political (politics) reasons．
6．The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free from punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer (murder)．
7．Nowadays there are still some countries hunting for whales and dolphins in the Arctic without mercy (merciful) despite the ban．
8．These proposals represent a realistic starting point for negotiation (negotiate)．
9．I like reading magazines with extensive coverage (cover) of diet and health topics．
10．When we arrived there, we royally (royal) received in every aspect．
Ⅲ．补全句子
1．我们都认为你所说的是不可信的，因为你老是对我们撒谎。(what引导的宾语从句)
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable, for you're always lying to us．
2．老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。(独立主格结构)
Book in hand, the teacher entered the classroom．
3．他们起航时，期望一帆风顺。(set sail)
They were expecting a safe journey when they set sail．
4．他已经知道结果了。没有必要再告诉他了。(There is no need to do sth．)
He has already known the result．There is no need to tell him．
课时质量评价(三十四)
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 3
主题语境：自然环境、自然遗产保护

Ⅰ．阅读理解
A
Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery．Although it is one of the most remote places on the Earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in plastic waste．They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic, weighing almost 18 tons, with thousands of new pieces washing up each day．“No country has a free pass — we found plastic from everywhere，” said one scientist．“We all have a responsibility, and we have to sit up and pay attention．This is not an issue to ignore．We need to do something now to protect the sea．”
Plastic waste in the sea has long been known about, but only now are we discovering the true extent of the problem．Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose, so all the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere．Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea．Currents collect this waste in large circular systems called “gyres”．One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”．
The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or “micro plastic”．This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss．Humans also eat these fish, and micro plastic has even been found in tap water around the world．The problem has spread too far to ignore．The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds' worth of global annual plastic production．That production will more than triple by 2050．Then there will be the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish．
However, there are some young minds working to clean up and protect the sea for future generations．While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish．He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem．Previously the problem was considered too big to solve; collecting the plastic with boats and nets would be expensive, would harm sea life, and would take thousands of years! But, Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you? To work with the currents and gyres would help collect the waste．So he started the Ocean Cleanup Project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific．Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled．He hopes to reduce the patch by 50% in just five years．
“Many problems today are side effects of things people didn't think about in the past，” he says．Sea plastic is a symbol of the negative effects of our lifestyle and technology．Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century．Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋上的塑料污染问题以及解决方案。
1．What alarming discovery did the scientists make?
A．They discovered a tiny island in the South Pacific Ocean．
B．They discovered there was plastic everywhere on Henderson Island．
C．They discovered that there were no human beings on Henderson Island．
D．They discovered Henderson Island was the most remote place in the world．
B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery．Although it is one of the most remote places on the Earth and previously untouched by humans, the island was covered in plastic waste．”可知，科学家们惊讶地发现亨德森岛上到处都是塑料垃圾。故选B。
2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Micro plastic is merely harmful to the fish in the sea．
B．Not all the countries have to face the problem of plastic trash．
C．Nowadays there is the same weight of plastic in the sea as fish．
D．Most plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea．
D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea．”可知，大多数塑料制品不能回收，且大量流入海洋。故选D。
3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A．How the Ocean Cleanup Project works．
B．The problem of plastic cleanup is too big to tackle．
C．Let the sea itself decompose the plastic waste naturally．
D．Collecting plastic with boats and nets would be a good way．
A　段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了“海洋清理”项目是如何运作的。故选A。
4．Which of the following words best describe Boyan Slat?
A．Considerate and straightforward．
B．Intelligent and responsible．
C．Knowledgeable and sensitive．
D．Devoted and courageous．
B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But, Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you? To work with the currents and gyres would help collect the waste．So he started the Ocean Cleanup Project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific．Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled．He hopes to reduce the patch by 50% in just five years．”以及最后一段中的“‘Many problems today are side effects of things people didn't think about in the past，’ he says．”可推知，Boyan Slat是个聪明、有责任心的人。故选B。
B
(2023·秦皇岛模拟)Marathon runner Gerima Mustafa of Uganda walked some 664 kilometres across East Africa earlier this year to call attention to threats to the shea (乳木果) nut tree, a source of food, medical products and income for the many living from West Africa to Somalia．
Now research scientists studying the shea tree in Burkina Faso have found that it is the natural ecosystem that is getting degraded in this region that might do harm to the shea, which is often targeted by charcoal (木炭) traders who kill and sell the trees for far less than the long-term worth of their benefits．The habitats are lost to ever-increasing agricultural shifts too, with a clear overall link to the impacts of human activity．
Scientist Aoife Delaney of the UK, along with researchers of Burkina Faso and British ecologists, studied 10 different parkland locations in Burkina Faso where the trees are planted．They say the tree — able to produce nuts for 200 years — relies on pollinators (传粉者) that thrive when other trees and shrub (灌木) species around it create a habitat to support the pollinators, especially bees．
“Consequently, shea productions are likely to benefit from the preservation of a range of different tree and shrub species in parklands，” Delaney and the research team said．Their work was recently published in the JournalofAppliedEcology．
The authors recommend maintaining a range of native woody species throughout their lifespans, and planting new ones into farmland when cleared．The idea is to be intentional and active about protecting the trees．
“Only separate parts of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape may not be sufficient to provide the necessary pollination services，” they concluded．“In a region that is subject to nutritional poverty and where the fund required to supply local foods is lacking for most families, maintaining natural ecosystem services that support food provision must be a priority．”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了乳木果树面临的威胁及对其采取的保护措施。
5．Why is Gerima Mustafa mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．To describe a marathon runner's experience．
B．To suggest the popularity of Gerima Mustafa．
C．To introduce the importance of shea nut trees．
D．To explain an approach to protecting the wildlife．
C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“call attention to threats to the shea (乳木果) nut tree, a source of food, medical products and income for the many living from West Africa to Somalia”可推知，第一段提及Gerima Mustafa是为了介绍乳木果树的重要性。故选C。
6．What is a great threat to the shea nut trees in Burkina Faso?
A．The agricultural development．
B．The illegal hunting of animals．
C．The disturbance of human activity．
D．The pollution in their natural habitat．
C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，人类活动的干扰是布基纳法索乳木果树的巨大威胁。故选C。
7．What does the underlined word “thrive” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Increase． B．Spread．
C．Escape． D． Change．
A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“when other trees and shrub (灌木) species around it create a habitat to support the pollinators, especially bees”及常识可知，当乳木果树周围的植被营造出适合传粉者生长的环境时，传粉者会茁壮成长。由此可知，画线词thrive与increase(增长)意思接近。故选A。
8．What do the scientists recommend locals to do to protect the shea nut trees?
A．Provide hand-pollination services．
B．Keep the biodiversity within an ecosystem．
C．Replace the old shea trees with new ones．
D．Open up more natural habitats for pollinators．
B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容以及最后一段中的“In a region that is subject to nutritional poverty and where the fund required to supply local foods is lacking for most families, maintaining natural ecosystem services that support food provision must be a priority．”可推知，科学家们建议当地人保持生态系统内的生物多样性，以此来保护乳木果树。故选B。
Ⅱ．语法填空
Planting trees is a great way to reduce carbon emissions, but protecting our oceans and coastal ecosystems can do the same?
“Blue carbon” refers to organic carbon which 1．is stored (store) by the oceans and coastal ecosystems．Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses are the three main coastal ecosystems that can store large 2．quantities (quantity) of blue carbon．They play a major role in reducing carbon dioxide in the air．
3．Compared (compare) with ecosystems on the land, coastal ecosystems can store carbon 4．constantly (constant) in the long term．When plants on the coast die, the organic deposits that they become will slowly disappear thanks to the flowing seawater above, 5．which means the carbon will not escape easily but remain stored for hundreds and thousands of years．
China is one of the few blessed 6．with all three coastal ecosystems．Tidal marshes are the largest coastal ecosystem in China, 7．occupying (occupy) an area of 5，448 square kilometres．In comparison, mangroves have a 8．smaller (small) size．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 9．was (be) 289 square kilometres, and over 70 square kilometres of mangroves are newly planted and restored now．
By protecting and restoring these coastal ecosystems, we can avoid enormous amounts of stored blue carbon going back into 10．the atmosphere, and safeguard wildlife living in these ecosystems．