2024版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit1PeopleofAchievement教师用书新人教版选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of Achievement

Ⅰ．词块记单词
1．a crucial new treatment for malaria一种治疗疟疾的至关重要的新疗法
2．a vital part of the treatment治疗的关键成分
3．with the objective of discovering a new treatment 带着发现一种新的治疗方法的目的
4．traditional botanical treatments 传统的植物疗法
5．boil fresh wormwood水煎新鲜青蒿叶
6．the liquid obtained from fresh wormwood从新鲜青蒿叶中熬出的液体
7．acknowledge defeat 承认失败
8．find a substance that works发现一种有效物质
9．mostly contain facts一般都包含事实
10．come to some conclusions 得出一些结论
11．under the circumstances 在这种情况下
12．draw a flowchart 绘制一个流程图
13．found high-tech and futuristic companies 创立高科技和未来的公司
14．the general theory of relativity 广义相对论
15．this gentle genius 这位性情温和的天才
16．a strong passion for knowledge对知识的强烈热情
17．four extraordinary physics papers 四篇非凡的物理学论文
18．encounter people on the street在街上遇到行人
19．rhetorical device 修辞手法
20．review your partner's draft 检查你搭档的草稿
Ⅱ．语境记单词
1．As a committed doctor, she makes a commitment that she will turn up whenever and wherever she is needed．(commit)
2．One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer lung cancer．Consequently, you and your family will suffer a lot．(consequent)
3．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives in medical science．(science)
4．The scientist remarked that he had found a remarkable way to solve the problem, but others made no remarks about it．(remark)
5．If you want to evaluate your intelligence, just complete the evaluation form below．(evaluate)
6．With my classmates' help, I analysed the data of this experiment and the teacher thought my analysis was reasonable．(analyse)
7．Apparently, she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident．(apparent)
8．The results of the survey fell into distinct groups．The old were scholars of great distinction while the young were the opposite．(distinct)
9．He acknowledged that Tom had helped him a lot so he wrote a letter in acknowledgement of his help．(acknowledge)
Ⅲ．语境记短语
1．In conclusion, so long as you insist on (坚决要求) doing so, you will reap a harvest．
2．The situation has become better and better since the new government came to power (上台；执政)．
3．At first, she took up a position (任职) as a secretary．Soon, she quit it and received a further education in a university．
4．His words led to (导致) a heated discussion among the students．
5．The pair met often — at first by chance (偶然) but later by design．
6．Both sides committed themselves to (承诺；保证) settle the quarrel peacefully．
7．As a consequence (因此), he had to flee Germany．
8．The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear (磨损；损耗)．
9．It is worthwhile to consider his suggestion put forward (提出) at the conference．
10．Which Chinese characters would you choose to sum up (总结) the past year?
Ⅳ．公式练句型
1．运动员们一回国，就收到了赞誉和鲜花。(upon/on doing ...)
Upon/On returning to the country, the athletes received praise and flowers．
2．对我来说，代表我们班级写信邀请您参加这个聚会，是一种荣幸。(It is an honour for sb．to do ...)
It's an honour for me to write to invite you to attend the party on behalf of our class．
3．爱迪生为世界创造了很多发明，最著名的是灯泡。(独立主格结构)
Edison made a lot of inventions for the world, the most well-known being bulbs．
4．他已养成阅读时记笔记的习惯。(状语从句的省略)
He has developed the habit of making notes while reading．
5．据报道，这部电影在世界上很受欢迎。(It is＋过去分词＋that)
It is reported that the film is well received in the world．


1．vital adj．必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
[素养佳句]If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we (should) begin with small things．
如果我们想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。
be vital for/to sth．对……极为重要
be of vital importance 至关重要
It is vital that ...(should) do sth．……是十分重要的。
It is vital to do sth．做某事很重要。
——单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷写作)As is known to us all, the Internet is vital to/for us．
②It is vital to protect (protect) wild animals in modern society．
——完成句子
③Besides, it's vital that you should mind your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party．
此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。
2．committed adj．尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
[素养佳句]To our pride, there come millions of committed volunteers in China to perform the task．
令我们感到自豪的是，中国有数以百万计的志愿者来完成这项任务。
(1)be committed to (doing) sth．献身于/致力于(做)某事
(2)commit vt．承诺；保证 vi．忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself to (sth．/doing sth．) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
(3)commitment n．承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身；已承诺的事
make a commitment 做出承诺
——单句语法填空
①As he is committed (commit) to the happiness of the people of the whole nation, he has earned our love and respect．
②Do you need understanding, support, commitment (commit) or consideration?
③You don't have to commit yourself (you) to finish the task now; just think about it．
——句式升级
Tu Youyou is committed to doing medical research and is highly thought of by Chinese people．
④Committed to doing medical research, Tu Youyou is highly thought of by Chinese people．(过去分词短语作状语)
3．acknowledge vt．承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
[素养佳句]I'm not saying this is an easy life．But I'm happy that my performance at work is appreciated and acknowledged by my peers．
我不是说这是一种轻松的生活。但我很高兴我在工作中的表现得到了同事们的赞赏和认可。
(1)acknowledge doing/having done sth．承认做了某事
acknowledge sb．/sth．to be/as ...承认某人/某事……
acknowledge that ... 承认……
It is acknowledged that ...……是大家公认的。
(2)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢
——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged (acknowledge) after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year．
②Generally acknowledged (acknowledge) as the finest poet in the country, he still lives a low-profile life．
③Professor Hawking is acknowledged as one of the world's greatest physicists．
④He acknowledged being defeated (defeat) publicly by his friend in the game, which made us surprised．
⑤The candidate waved his hands in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of the cheers of the crowd．
——句型转换
People acknowledge him to be the best player in the world．
⑥He is acknowledged to be the best player in the world．(用被动语态改为简单句)
⑦It is acknowledged that he is the best player in the world．(用it is＋动词过去分词＋that改写)
4．insist vi．&vt．坚持；坚决要求
[素养佳句]You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right．
你应该尊重别人的观点， 同时坚持你认为正确的。
(1)insist表示“坚持要求；坚决主张”时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
(2)insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”时，从句用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。
(3)insist on/upon doing sth．坚持做某事
——单句语法填空
①I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted on driving (drive) me there．
②The doctor insisted that he was (be) seriously ill and that he (should) be operated (operate) on immediately．
——完成句子
③My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first．
妈妈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。
5．conclusion n．结论；推论
[素养佳句]In conclusion, we should give a second thought to these ratings before buying some products or services．
总之，在购买某些产品或服务之前，我们应该仔细考虑一下它们的评级。

——单句语法填空
①I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's not the right person for the job．
②When the group discussion is nearing its end, be sure to conclude it with important points．
③To conclude, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting．
——一句多译
我从自己的经历中得出结论：有志者事竟成。
④I have concluded from my own experiences that where there is a will, there is a way．(conclude)
⑤I have drawn/come to/reached a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will, there is a way．(conclusion)
6．consequence n．结果；后果
[素养佳句]She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences．
她决心不顾一切后果地做这件事。
(1)as a consequence/in consequence 因此；结果
as a consequence of/in consequence of 因为……的缘故
(2)consequent adj．作为结果的
(3)consequently adv．结果；因此；所以
——单句语法填空
①As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas．
②Consequently (consequence), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture．
③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic change affect us all．
——句型转换
It rained heavily; as a consequence, the match was cancelled．
④As a consequence of the heavy rain, the match was cancelled．(改为简单句)
7．take up 担任；任职；占用；继续；开始从事；接受
[素养佳句]I intended to take up a part-time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened．
我打算做一份兼职工作，从中能够开阔自己的视野。
take in收留(某人)；吸收；领会，理解；欺骗；包括
take off (飞机等)起飞；脱下；成功，成名；(突然)离开；休假
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take over接管；接任；控制；占上风
——写出下列句中take up的含义
①In fact, surfing the Internet takes up most of her time．占用
②The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week．继续
③Peter will take up the management of the finance department．开始从事
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing? 接受
——完成句子
⑤The city has been developing very fast and it has taken on a new look．
这个城市发展很快，呈现出新的面貌。
⑥Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation．
由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的公司都很成功。
8．sum up 总结；概括
[素养佳句]At the end of the class, we'll invite someone to sum up the lesson．
在这节课结束时，我们将邀请一名同学总结这节课。
(1)to sum up 总之
(2)a large sum of/large sums of一大笔；大量的
(3)in sum 总而言之
——单句语法填空
①She has donated a large sum of money to the hospitals．
②Let me sum up the last lesson; after that we'll take up a new lesson．
——完成句子
③To sum up/In sum, there are three main ways of settling the problem．
总之，解决这个问题的方法主要有三种。
9．upon/on doing 一……就……
[素养佳句]Upon/On graduating from university, he went to teach in a village．
大学一毕业，他就去了一个村庄教学。
(1)upon/on doing 是介词短语用作时间状语，意为“一……就……”。
(2)表示“一……就……”的结构还有：the minute, the moment, the instant, as soon as, once, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ...等。
——单句语法填空
①On finishing (finish) it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever written．
②I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice instantly (instant) I picked up the phone．
——句型转换
On/Upon arriving at the station, she found the train had just started．
③The instant she arrived at the station, she found the train had just started．(instant)
10．状语从句的省略
[素养佳句]While waiting, he assisted the workers there in removing the fallen trees and clearing the road．
在等待的过程中，他协助那里的工人清除倒下的树木，清理道路。
(2019·北京卷写作)While working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun．
在劳动的时候，我意识到炎炎烈日下在农田中劳作是多么辛苦。
(1)状语从句省略的条件：①when, while, though, as, even if, unless, if, as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it；②状语从句谓语中含有be动词。
(2)省略句的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。
——单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)The twins cheered up and did as told (tell)．
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)While picking (pick) oranges, I realised how hard it was for farmers to work in the fields．
——句式升级
I feel especially pleased while I am walking in the spring rain．
③I feel especially pleased while walking in the spring rain．(省略句)

省略句中非谓语动词的选用要根据主语和动词的关系：主动关系→用动词-ing形式；被动关系→用过去分词；尚未发生→用不定式。

选词填空
be remarkable for; be distinct from; come to power; flee to; by chance; passion; obtain; under no circumstances; die from
1．Some of our friends can be similar to us, and some of them can be distinct from one another in some ways．
2．The scientist obtained a substance from the experiment．
3．Chang'e stole Houyi's liquid, drank it and fled to the moon．This is the beautiful woman in the moon．
4．Under no circumstances can I abandon my learning goals．
5．One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is．
6．Could you tell me when the new president came to power?
7．These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines．
8．In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks．
9．They had met by chance at university and ended up becoming friends．

Ⅰ．语境猜词义
1．(2021·浙江卷6月)The result was ProjectWildThing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature．v．记录
2．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths．n．目标
3．(2019·江苏卷)Making right career choices is crucial to personal success．adj．至关重要的；关键的
Ⅱ．一词多义
1．(2019·江苏卷)Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results．A
A．n．流动　B．n．流畅　C．n．供应
D．vi．(液体) 流动
E．vi．(大量人或物)流动
2．(2018·天津卷)Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property．C
A．n．性质　　　 B．n．特征
C．n．财产 D．n．房地产
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．(2021·天津卷3月写作)However, it is still of vital importance in irrigation today．
然而，在今天的灌溉中它仍然是至关重要的。
2．(2022·浙江卷1月写作)When visiting him, I noticed for the first time a sense of vulnerability on his face．
当我拜访他时，我第一次注意到他脸上的脆弱感。
3．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)On/Upon arriving there, we helped pick watermelons．
一到达那里，我们就帮忙采摘西瓜。
4．(2018·江苏卷写作)Under the circumstances, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping．
在这种情况下，无论我们何时购物都要仔细考虑一下它们的排名。
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．If you want to apply for the job, you will need to obtain (获得) permission from the manager．
2．The man didn't know how to overcome failure, and he was stopped by it when he encountered (遇到) one．
3．There is no possibility that he will be defeated (击败) in the game．
4．More than 50，000 yuan has been raised for the poor family since the group was founded (建立)．
5．Only when our theory (理论) is combined with practice can the former become reliable knowledge．
6．You'll have a few moments to prepare your speech, so you can make a draft (草稿) first．
7．His invention was so practical that he soon got a patent (专利证书)．
8．After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary (不一般的) work．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．He's been informed that he doesn't qualify for the scholarship because of his academic (academy) background．
2．As a patient and committed (commit) scientist, Tu Youyou is highly thought of all over the world．
3．I thought she had retired, but apparently (apparent) she hasn't．
4．The old scientist told his students that scientific (science) theories must be based on facts．
5．He sat down and analysed (analysis) why she felt so upset．
6．The flowers were a small acknowledgement (acknowledge) of your kindness．
7．When under stress, even a most gentle (gently) person can be bad-tempered and get angry easily．
8．The serious illness gradually (gradual) destroys his nerves, making him weak and unable to walk．
9．The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct (distinction) from each other．
10．He showed remarkable (remark) competence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times．
Ⅲ．补全句子
1．很明显，我们的对手对我们来说太强大了。(apparent)
It is apparent that our opponents were too strong for us．
2．中国一贯主张各国一律平等。(insist)
China has always insisted that all countries should be equal．
3．我的小女儿一听到这首歌就情不自禁地跳舞。(upon doing)
Upon hearing the song, my little daughter can't help dancing．
4．我很荣幸邀请您作为特邀嘉宾。(it作形式主语)
It is an honour for me to invite you as a special guest．
5．爬山时，我们享受到了温暖的阳光，欣赏到了美丽的风景。(while引导的状语从句的省略)
While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view．
课时质量评价(十七)
选择性必修第一册　UNIT 1
主题语境：对社会有突出贡献的人物

Ⅰ．阅读理解
According to Gelb, the author of HowtoThinklikeLeonardodaVinci, although not everyone is born with the gifts and the capacities of Leonardo da Vinci, it is possible for any person to use the fundamentals of Da Vinci's approach to learning to guide us towards the realisation of our inner Da Vinci．One typical fundamental is curiosity．“The desire to know is natural to good men．” — Leonardo da Vinci
The young Leonardo loved being in nature, showed an early gift for drawing and was fascinated by mathematics．Young Leonardo's curiosity regarding education and mathematics especially often raised constant unsureness and difficulties for the teachers who taught him and continuously proved them to be wrong．Most children have in them endless amounts of curiosity and a sense of wonder．Unfortunately for multiple reasons these qualities are lost as children reach adulthood, not Leonardo though．Perhaps one of his greatest characteristics was his willingness to question accepted knowledge．Leonardo's curiosity never faded and fuelled the lake of his genius for his entire life．Leonardo's motives were not money, women or loyalty to any church or person．His pursuits were pure: the long search for beauty and above all: truth．
Leonardo would wonder around asking questions he did not himself yet understand．He always carried a notebook with himself so that he could quickly write down hundreds of questions, ideas, thoughts, impressions and observations as they occurred．He was expectant and reliant only upon himself to answer his own questions．Being modest, he was not afraid to make mistakes and appear foolish．Leonardo accepted the feelings of unfamiliarity and foolishness．
His questions led him to designing a snorkel (水下呼吸器) as well as diving equipment and even a submarine and also inventing flying machines and a parachute．His curiosity took him under the water and into the sky．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了好奇心伴随莱昂纳多·达·芬奇一生，并造就了达·芬奇的伟大。
1．What do the underlined words “Da Vinci” refer to?
A．Potential． B．Curiosity．
C．Honesty． D． Motive．
A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“not everyone is born with the gifts and the capacities of Leonardo da Vinci”和“use the fundamentals of Da Vinci's approach to learning to guide us towards the realisation of our inner Da Vinci”可知，尽管并不是每个人都有像莱昂纳多·达·芬奇一样的天赋和能力，但使用他的方法也能让自己成为“Da Vinci”，即：方法恰当，也可激发潜能，成为达·芬奇一样的人，结合选项，画线词指代potential，意为“潜力，潜能”。故选A。
2．What was most typical of the young Leonardo?
A．Educating kids．
B．Seeking for love．
C．Appreciating nature．
D．Questioning his teachers．
D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Young Leonardo's curiosity regarding education and mathematics especially often raised constant unsureness and difficulties for the teachers who taught him and continuously proved them to be wrong．”和“Perhaps one of his greatest characteristics was his willingness to question accepted knowledge．”可推知，小时候的达·芬奇最典型的特征是质疑他的老师。故选D。
3．What can be learned about Leonardo's sense of curiosity from the text?
A．It fooled himself．
B．It made him independent．
C．It inspired his whole life．
D．It disappeared in his adulthood．
C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Leonardo's curiosity never faded and fuelled the lake of his genius for his entire life．”可知，莱昂纳多的好奇心从未减退，并一直激发着他的一生。故选C。
4．Which saying can best reflect Leonardo da Vinci?
A．An idle youth, a needy age．
B．First come, first served．
C．Stay hungry, stay foolish．
D．Nothing ventured, nothing gained．
C　推理判断题。通读全文并结合第三段中的“Leonardo would wonder around asking questions he did not himself yet understand．”和“Being modest, he was not afraid to make mistakes and appear foolish．”可知，文章介绍了伴随莱昂纳多·达·芬奇一生的优秀品质：好奇心。正是对于真理的渴求和无惧无知造就了达·芬奇的伟大，所以“Stay hungry, stay foolish．(求知若饥，虚心若愚)”是达·芬奇一生的真实写照。故选C。
Ⅱ．七选五
(2023·日照模拟)“Most people don't know anything about soil，” says Dominique Arrouays, a soil scientist in France．“In the city, they never see the soil, unless there's construction．It's all pavement．They don't realise that everything depends on soils．”
Soils grow the food that provides an estimated 98.8 percent of our daily calories, according to a paper in EnvironmentInternational, and house more than 25 percent of the world's biodiversity． 1
Healthy soil is marked by its porous (多孔的) structure, produced by root growth as well as the activities of earthworms and insects． 2 Healthy soils not only make farms more climate-resilient (有气候适应力), but they can also help keep costs for farmers and taxpayers down．
According to a United Nations report, a third of the planet's soil is highly degraded due to acidification, erosion (腐蚀), and other factors．Soils cannot be regenerated quickly． 3 And yet many people dismiss it as nothing more than dirt．
4 Erosion occurs when soil is displaced by wind or water — washed off farms and stored in ditches and streams, or blown across the landscape as dust．Healthy soil resists erosion well, especially if it is protected by plants above ground and roots below-ground． 5 The results can be disastrous．Even small changes year after year can gradually cause big problems．
Soil is the skin of the Earth．We need to protect it．It's in everybody's interest to support farmers in rebuilding soil health and preventing erosion．
A．But soils are in great trouble at present．
B．Soil erosion is a particularly serious problem worldwide．
C．This structure allows rainfall to sink in healthy soil deeply．
D．Soils also store massive amounts of both fresh water and carbon．
E．It may take up to 1，000 years to produce a couple centimetres of soil．
F．But when soil is left bare, wind and water can more easily displace it．
G．Soil is a living community to create a rich environment for food production．
答案：1～5　DCEBF