2024版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit1ScienceFiction教师用书新人教版选择性必修第四册

Unit 1 Science Fiction

Ⅰ．词块记单词
1．with dignity 有尊严地；彬彬有礼
2．a big salary 高工资
3．dismiss Tony 解雇托尼，让托尼离开
4．on a daily or weekly basis 每天或每周
5．chairwoman of the student union 学生会女主席
6．become superior 变得更好
7．fetch something 去拿东西
8．my pace grows faster 我的速度变得更快
9．look at the random things看看这些随机闪现的东西
10．at maximum speed 以最高的速度
11．admire one's wisdom and integrity 钦佩某人的智慧和正直。
12．suspend from the ceiling 吊在天花板上
Ⅱ．语境记单词
1．He was appointed as headmaster and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the appointed time, but she missed their appointment somehow．(appoint)
2．I'd like to carry less guilt around constantly．I always feel guilty for no reason．(guilt)
3．The people in the colonies declared that they would form their own state and finally signed a declaration of independence．(declare)
4．She calculated the total number using the calculator and it took her two hours to complete the calculation．(calculate)
5．She divided the apples among the kids and the division was quite fair．(divide)
6．Realising there was an urgent need for food, water and medicine in the disaster area and the urgency of making everything return to normal, the government took measures immediately to deal with the serious situation．(urge)
7．A bomb exploded in the centre of the city and the explosion killed more than 100 people．(explode)
Ⅲ．语境记短语
1．They opened a single sportswear store in Europe to test out (检验) the market．
2．Task reports are submitted by developers on a weekly basis (以周为单位)．
3．The house fell away (消失) as we left the city．
4．Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out (结果是) to be interested in the subject．
5．Their opinion on the accident conflicted with (与……冲突) ours．
6．Alan took over (接管) the farm when his father died．
7．The couple consider themselves superior to (优于) most other people, although they may not say so．
8．We have an urge to (有强烈的欲望) give advice immediately to make the person feel better or try to fix the problem．
9．The opening speeches sounded more like (更像是) declarations of war than offerings of peace．
10．Anne looks at the pros and cons (事物的利与弊) of making changes to your property．
Ⅳ．公式练句型
1．这位老年人走路好像醉了似的。(as if引导的状语从句)
The old man walks as if he were drunk．
2．不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它才决定着你是谁。(强调句)
It is not what you are given but how you make use of it that determines who you are．
3．这是我的关于如何增强你和其他人交流能力的建议。(全部倒装)
Here are my tips on how to strengthen your ability to communicate with others．
4．现在坐下来让自己舒服些。你一定很累了。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Now sit down and make yourself comfortable．You must be very tired．
5．很显然，人工智能正在重塑我们的生活。(It＋be＋adj．＋that从句)
It is obvious that artificial intelligence is reshaping our lives．


1．declare vt．表明；宣称；公布；宣布
[素养佳句]He declared his intention to become the best golfer in the world．
他表明了要成为世界上最佳高尔夫球手的意愿。
(1)declare war on 向……宣战
declare independence/bankruptcy 宣布独立/破产
declare ...(to be/as) ...宣布……成为……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对
It is declared that ...(有人)宣布；据宣称……
(2)declaration n．声称；声明
——单句语法填空
①The accused man was declared to be (be) guilty by the court．
②I was annoyed in that period and stopped practising, declaring (declare) I had reached the ceiling of my singing career．
③It is declared (declare) that there will be no school this afternoon．
④Germany declared war on France on 3 August 1914．
——句型转换
Our school declared that the girl was head of our department．
⑤Our school declared the girl to be head of our department．(把复合句改写成简单句)
2．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt．催促；力劝；大力推荐
[素养佳句]Our teacher urges us to study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near．
随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们努力学习。
(1)have an urge to do sth．迫切想做某事
(2)urge sth．/sb．on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb．to do/into doing sth．催促某人做某事
urge that ...(should) do sth．极力主张；强调……
It is urged that ...(should) do sth．坚决要求……
(3)urgent adj．紧急的；迫切的
(4)urgency n．紧急情况
——单句语法填空
①I urge my colleagues to join (join) me in support of this plan．
②I urge that everyone (should) save (save) energy to protect the Earth．
③When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself describing an urgent (urge) need that I felt to work with language．
——一句多译
人们极力主张图书馆周末也开放。
④People strongly urge that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend．(urge that ...)
⑤It is strongly urged that the library (should) be kept open during the weekend．(It is urged that ...)

urge后面的名词性从句中谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”的形式表示虚拟，其中should可以省略。
3．on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)
[素养佳句](2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on aconsistent basis．
记住，即使是世界冠军运动员也要始终如一地练习他们的技能。
(1)on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周
on a regular basis＝regularly 有规律地；定期地
be on the basis of ...以……为基础/依据
(2)base vt．以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础
base ...on/upon ...把……建立在……上
be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
(3)basic adj．基础的；基本的
(4)basically adv．基本上，大体上
——单句语法填空
①With our knowledge based (base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our country．
②First, he showed us the basic (base) steps and skills of paper-cutting．
——句式升级
The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right．
③Based on trust, the restaurant is working all right．(分词短语作状语)
④The restaurant, which is based on trust, is working all right．(定语从句)
4．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
[素养佳句]This model is technically superior to its competitors．
这一型号在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。
be junior to 比……年龄小/职位低
be senior to比……年长/职位高
be inferior to 比……差/级别低
——单句语法填空
①As is shown in the report, only one salesman is senior to me in the company．
②Modern music is often considered inferior to that of the past．
——一句多译
西蒙比我小三岁，但我在公司比他职位低。
③Simon is three years younger than me, but I am junior to him in the company．(young)
④Simon is three years junior to me/junior to me by three years, but I am junior to him in the company．(junior)

自身含有比较意义的形容词(这些形容词没有比较级和最高级)：
superior 更高级的；上级的
inferior 更低级的；下级的
senior 年长的；高级的；地位较高的
junior 年少的；低级的；地位较低的
5．完全倒装
[素养佳句]The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city．There stands a stone sculpture of a famous historical figure．
公共广场是这个城市引人注目的景观。那里矗立着一尊著名历史人物石雕像。
使用完全倒装句的几种情况：
(1)将here, there, now, then, in, out, off, away等表示地点或时间的副词或者介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be, come, go, remain, lie, run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装。
(2)在“主系表”结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装。
(3)such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。
——单句语法填空
①There goes (go) the bell for class．We must go now．
②Out rushed (rush) the boy, crying．
③Present at the meeting yesterday were (be) some famous figures．
——句式升级
A man known by the name of Tom lived there．
④There lived a man known by the name of Tom．(完全倒装)
A young woman sat by the window with a book in her hand．
⑤By the window sat a young woman with a book in her hand．(完全倒装)

在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的单复数形式要与后面的主语保持一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。

选词填空
fall away; fetch; division; test out; labour; turn out; random; suspend
1．We laboured all day in the fields so we felt tired and didn't want to do anything．
2．The villagers used to walk a mile to fetch water but now they can get clean water easily．
3．The new product which will be tested out next month is a combination of traditional methods and artificial intelligence．
4．His supporters fell away as his popularity declined．
5．The divisions between the various classes of society are not so sharply marked as they used to be．
6．The party held last Friday turned out to be very successful．
7．The constitution was suspended as the fighting grew worse．
8．He picked out a few leather coats at random and sent the salesman away．

Ⅰ．语境猜词义
1．(2022·浙江卷1月)The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list．n．额外的好处
2．(2022·全国甲卷)Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries．adj．随意的
3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs．v．爆炸
4．(2020·天津卷)Together, these deep human urges count for much more than ambition．n．驱策力
5．(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation．v．不予考虑
Ⅱ．一词多义
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour．B
A．vt．调整节奏　　　　
B．n．速度；步速
C．n．一步；一步的距离
D．vt．走来走去
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．(2022·浙江卷6月写作)This experience made me realise that there are so many people in this world who need our help．
这次经历让我意识到这个世界上有那么多人需要我们的帮助。
2．(2019·全国Ⅱ卷写作)It is important that you should set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic．
重要的是，你应该每天留出一些时间做运动，这样你才能保持精力充沛。
3．(2019·北京卷写作)As long as each of us respects the labour, we can create more social wealth．
只要我们每个人都尊重劳动者，我们就可以创造更多的社会财富。
4．(2018·全国Ⅰ卷写作)Here comes the table manners you're concerned about．
这是你所关心的餐桌礼仪。
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．The survey used a random (随机的) sample of two thousand people across the Midwest．
2．Scientific inventions have raised labour (劳动) productivity by a big margin．
3．Many people were not satisfied with the pace (步伐) of change．
4．He would not accept this office for such a small salary (薪水)．
5．The parents felt ashamed of their son when he was dismissed (解雇) by the boss．
6．I haven't calculated (计算) the cost that we will spend in travelling．
7．The man's parents declared (声称) that they didn't want to see him again．
8．I taught my daughter how to do division (除法) at the age of six．
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
1．According to the new evidence，the woman was declared guilty (guilt) of murder．
2．According to the regulations，the chairwoman hosts a meeting on a weekly (week) basis to discuss the work arrangement．
3．Linda said she would meet Tom and that she wouldn't tell anyone about the appointment (appoint)．
4．They usually have the medicine tested (test) out before putting it into the market all over the country．
5．After the second explosion (explode), all of London's main train and subway stations were shut down．
6．He told us that his prediction was confirmed by making a calculation (calculate)．
7．We drove along a muddy (mud) lane to reach the farmhouse．
8．It is said that the flour in this factory is superior to that of other factories．
9．With less time spent fetching (fetch) water, girls have more time to go to school．
10．This Chinese company has an urgent (urge) desire to keep pace with the development of high technology in the world．
Ⅲ．补全句子
1．是我侄女去办公室给我拿手帕的。(强调句)
It was my niece who/that went to the office to fetch the handkerchief for me．
2．这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
This makes your notes easier to read when you look at them later．
3．她站在门口，好像在等人似的。(as if)
She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone．
4．山顶上矗立着一座古塔。(倒装句)
There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain．
5．当她的小儿子再次对她说谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心 。(more ...than ...)
She was more sad than angry when her little son lied to her again．
课时质量评价(三十二)
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 1
主题语境：科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全

Ⅰ．阅读理解
(2023·潍坊模拟)Electronics woven (编织) into fabrics promise to open up all kinds of interesting possibilities, from clothing that monitors muscle activity and tracks breathing, to garments that can talk to one another．Developing pliable power sources to go with them is an equally important field of research, so scientists at the University of British Columbia have put forward a particularly impressive solution that they say could be the first ever battery that is both stretchable and washable．
To develop a battery with such capabilities, the scientists reimagined the way these devices are put together．Rather than forming a lithium-ion battery packed with hardened materials inside a rigid exterior, the team turned to an alternative chemistry in zinc-manganese (锌锰) dioxide, which is appealing for its low cost and safety．These materials were ground down into tiny pieces and inset in a polymer (聚合物) to form very thin and stretchable layers．
“We went with zinc-manganese because for devices worn next to the skin, it's a safer chemistry than lithium-ion batteries, which can produce deadly compounds when they break，” says Nguyen．
The resulting battery is flexible and can be stretched to twice its normal length．Meanwhile, it has a specific capacity of 160 mAh g-1 and keeps 75 percent of its capacity over 500 charge and discharge cycles．Impressively, the team found the battery to withstand 39 wash cycles so far．
The team is now working to improve the power output and lifetime of the battery, and says the creation has already attracted commercial interest, with the cost expected to be similar to a standard rechargeable battery．They imagine it being put to use in watches and patches that measure vital signs, and in smart clothing that does much the same thing．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款既可以拉伸又可以水洗的电池。
1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “pliable” in Paragraph 1?
A．Strong．　 B．Multiple．
C．Reliable． D． Flexible．
D　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Developing pliable power sources to go with them is an equally important field of research, so scientists at the University of British Columbia have put forward a particularly impressive solution that they say could be the first ever battery that is both stretchable and washable．”以及第四段中的“The resulting battery is flexible and can be stretched to twice its normal length．”可以推测画线词的意思是“柔韧的；可拉伸的”。故选D。
2．What was a major consideration for introducing zinc-manganese battery?
A．Safety． B． Hardness．
C．Comfortableness． D． Convenience．
A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Rather than forming a lithium-ion battery packed with hardened materials inside a rigid exterior, the team turned to an alternative chemistry in zinc-manganese (锌锰) dioxide, which is appealing for its low cost and safety．”可知，科学家们采用锌锰电池的一个主要考虑因素是这款电池的安全性。故选A。
3．Which aspect of the new battery impressed the researchers in Paragraph 4?
A．Its washability．
B．Its stretch length．
C．Its massive capacity．
D．Its charge speed．
A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Impressively, the team found the battery to withstand 39 wash cycles so far．”可知，新电池给研究人员留下了深刻印象的方面是它的可洗性。故选A。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Electronic clothing is well received．
B．Clothing fitted with a new battery is on the way．
C．A clothing-friendly battery can be put through wash．
D．Electronics woven into fabrics open up possibilities．
C　主旨大意题。文章第一段引出话题，第二、三段主要讲科学家们在研究这款电池方面所做出的努力，第四段主要讲这款电池的特点，最后一段讲的是科学家们正在努力提高电池的功率输出和使用寿命以及它的使用前景，所以文章主要是围绕一款可水洗的电池展开的。故选C。
Ⅱ．七选五
Advantages of Solar Power
As the name suggests, solar power makes the most of the sunlight and is put to good use for its users．Despite some disadvantages, the advantages of it are so great that they cannot be ignored．In short, the solar electricity system is an excellent addition to other conventional sources of energy． 1
A solar panel system, when coupled to your electric function, can sufficiently reduce or even cancel your electric bill, yet providing you with the option of using traditional power whenever needed． 2 It's simple to operate as well and this is another advantage．Just ensure that you have the right technology in terms of space use and performance．
But perhaps the most widely well-known advantage of solar power is that this is green energy． 3 This is a great advantage in today's world where we need to be concerned about the high levels of pollution and global warming．Let us all take some responsibility and do something that can clean up our atmosphere to some extent at least．So while on the one hand solar power is clean, on the other hand, it can also greatly reduce the electricity bill of the users．
4 So if you are thinking in terms of installing a solar electric system in your home or commercial property, you should go ahead and do it by all means．
And the best news is that the solar power system can be built in your house itself． 5 That is why you need a brochure that can tell you all about these issues．
A．So it is time to take action．
B．You cannot ignore the advantages mentioned above．
C．When referred to, solar energy is perhaps the best power in the world．
D．Also, the flexible system allows you to use it on a wide range of applications．
E．But you need to know how and where to make it, where to get the parts affordably etc．
F．This power does not cause any pollution, which is why it is such an attraction to many．
G．Here are some of the advantages of equipping a solar power system in your home or office．
答案：1～5　GDFBE