贵州省毕节市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题

这是一份贵州省毕节市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题，共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

贵州省毕节市2022-2023学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Historic Arts & Antiques
Territorial Indian Arts & Antiques
This Arizona gallery is excited to offer pottery from Pi Posh and Mojave Indians. “We specialize in estate collections of historic pottery of all the tribes, with emphasis on the Matriarchs.”owners Deb and Alston Neal say about their offerings. Available materials include the Vesta Bread Maricopa effigy vase and Annie Fields Mojave effigy jar.
(480)945-5432
www .territorialindianarts.com
Ethnographic Antique Gallery
The Ethnographic Antique Gallery is offering the superb Oglala Teton Sioux Man’s Quilled Vest from 1903. Measuring 17 by 20 inches, the vest is among a group of other rare items collected more than 100 years ago by Charles Raymond. “This beautiful vest is artfully decorated with dyed porcupine quills,“ the gallery notes.
(403) 708- 9369
www .ethnographicantiquestore.com
Jesse Robbin’s Jewelry Store
Jesse Robbin is not only a talented jewelry artist on his own, he is also offering high quality historic material, including the Morris Robinson bracelet. “This silver Morris Robinson bracelet features 11 high-grade nugget-cut Fox Turquoise cabochons,” Robbin says about the work.
(928)713-6847
www .jesserobbinsjewelry.com
Tammy Garcia’s Pottery Shop
Tammy’ s pottery shop over the past 30 years has been renowned for its fantastic exhibits. It provides a chance for visitors to look back further to the Mimbres pottery of the 1100s, which is famous for aesthetic quality, visual impact, iconographic variety and historical importance. The delicacy of her collections reflects her love of pottery.
(432)642-3782
www .santacarapueblo.com
1．Where can visitors enjoy historic pottery collections of the Matriarchs?
A．Tammy Garcia’s Pottery Shop. B．Ethnographic Antique Gallery.
C．Jesse Robbin’s Jewelry Store. D．Territorial Indian Arts & Antiques.
2．Which website can you visit to learn about the Morris Robinson bracelet?
A．www.territorialindianarts.com B．www .jesserobbinsjewelry .com
C．www .ethnographicantiquestore.com D．www.santacarapueblo.com
3．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．An art magazine. B．A novel. C．A science book. D．An encyclopedia.

Generally speaking, women are expected to stay home and raise families. But some brave women are determined to take off on amazing adventures around the world. They go to space or sail around the world. In all, they can make all kinds of outstanding achievements.
Jeanne Baret (1740—1807) was a French scientist. She studied plants. And, she was the first woman to sail around the world. In 1766, Baret wanted to set sail with a group of scientists. But they were all men. Women weren’t allowed to travel on French navy ships. So, Baret disguised herself as a man. And she sailed away!
Hester Stanhope (1776—1839) was from England. Ambitious, brave and determined, Hester Stanhope was never cut out for a traditional life. She wanted to travel. She traveled throughout the Middle East by herself. And she led an archaeological dig there. As the greatest female traveler of her age, she was the first Western woman to cross the Syrian desert, where she was honored as the “Star of the Morning” by the Bedouin.
Nellie Bly (1864—1922) was a journalist. In 1887, she wrote a story about hidden problems at a mental hospital. She disguised herself as a patient at the hospital. Then she wrote an alarming six-part report. The story made Bly well-known. It also led the way for other women journalists. Two years later, Bly set a world record. She traveled around the globe in 72 days!
Louise Boyd (1887—1972) was the first woman (at the age of 68) to fly over the North Pole and was regarded as the “Ice Lady” by the media. During her early Arctic voyages, she hunted polar bears with European nobles, and went to the Arctic to study the effects of the polar magnetic field. She enjoyed a degree of fame. King Haakon of Norway awarded Boyd the Knight’s Cross of St. Olaf for her bravery and competence.
4．Who was the first woman to go around the world by ship?
A．Nellie Bly. B．Hester Stanhope. C．Jeanne Baret. D．Louise Boyd.
5．How did Bly collect true information in a mental hospital?
A．Pretending to be a mental patient. B．Researching hidden problems.
C．Writing an alarming report. D．Disguising as a famous journalist.
6．Which words best describe Boyd’s character?
A．Modest and clever. B．Creative and cautious.
C．Brave and capable. D．Humorous and wise.
7．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Women Journalists B．Women Adventurers
C．Women Sailors D．Women Scientists

Have you ever seen one of the many videos of an elephant catching a paintbrush, putting it in paint, and producing a painting similar to something a 5-year-old could create? While watching an elephant paint is an amazing sight, we can’t help but wonder whether the training methods and results reflect animal cruelty.
A 2014 study on four captive (圈养的) Asian elephants at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia was carried out to identify stress-related behaviors around the activity of painting. While the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral (中立的) response to painting — not stressful, nor enriching- it seemed that when an elephant was not selected to paint, it displayed non-interactive behavior. This is seen as a possible signal of stress in the animals.
In addition, PETA, a famous animal rights group, has mentioned several American zoos that use harmful training methods to get elephants to paint, perform tricks, play instruments, and more. That is to say, some zoos that organize elephant painting use assaults to encourage the elephants. However, PETA argues that animal shelters should not force animals to do tricks at all.
Activist organizations warn that elephants can undergo extreme discomfort in the training process. Furthermore, many of the painting elephants are very young, at an age where they should still be with their mothers. It raises questions about whether there’s a chance they were caught for the express purpose of performing, or whether they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild.
It is difficult to support any kind of trained behavior that differs greatly from a wild animal’s natural tendencies. The role of a shelter is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild; teaching them to paint does not seem to go with that target, particularly if it’s not a learned behavior that the animal would be willing to do independently.
8．What is the purpose of the 2014 study?
A．To identify stress-related behaviors when elephants paint.
B．To identify a neutral response to painting.
C．To recognize stress-free behaviors when elephants paint.
D．To recognize elephants’ non-interactive painting.
9．What does the underlined word “assault” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Persuasions. B．Benefits. C．Rewards. D．Attacks.
10．Which opinion do activist organizations hold?
A．Elephants should stay with their mother.
B．Elephants may feel uncomfortable in the training.
C．Elephants are caught for the purpose of performing.
D．Elephants ought to be returned to the wild.
11．What’s the role of a shelter?
A．Teaching animals to paint. B．Permitting animals to perform.
C．Allowing animals to live freely. D．Training animals to finish the target.

Research has revealed many benefits to being in the presence of nature, whether that’s walking in a forest, having a small garden or keeping a few household plants.
Houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend. Jamie Keaton Jones,PhD, a psychotherapist in Washington, D．C, gives the reason for that: “You know for people,plants enable them to experience greater comfort and beauty from the presence of living things.”
“One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their rooms reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less tiredness and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, PhD, founder and director of AIM (Arts and Integrated Medicine) at Montefiore Health Systems in Bronx, New York. She explains: “Cortisol (皮质醇), the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, lowering tiredness, anger and blood pressure. Gardening and caring for plants can help turn people away from negative thoughts or emotions.”
“Plants and exposure to greenery have been found to have many mental health benefits, such as lowering stress, decreasing feelings of depression, increasing sociability, restoring focus, improving cognitive performance, improving mood and increasing self-esteem,” says Jones.
Studies have also shown that plants and gardening increase productivity and levels of serotonin(5-羟色胺), the neurotransmitter (神经传递素) responsible for uplifting mood. “Rather than looking back on the past or worrying about the future, plant care helps one focus on the present moment and provides a feeling of accomplishment,” says Gayle Weill, a doctor in New York and Connecticut.
“Just one plant can make a difference; it can engage you by its smell or colour that creates a positive mood response with every interaction. Remember that while indoor gardening can be good for your mental well-being and can help with stress and relaxation, it’s not a cure-all,” says Seham.
“Having a plant doesn’t immediately or directly impact mental health processes,” says Keith. But caring for plants can be a useful and enjoyable part of an overall wellness routine.
12．Why have houseplant collections become a social media trend?
A．They can produce Cortisol to lower tiredness and blood pressure.
B．They enable people to experience greater comfort and beauty.
C．They can impact mental health processes immediately.
D．They help you look back on the past.
13．What is Seham’s attitude towards plants?
A．Objective. B．Unconcerned. C．Doubtful. D．Passive.
14．Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A．Cortisol can lower without plant interaction.
B．Gardening leads to negative emotions.
C．Plants have bad effect on serotonin.
D．Patients feel less pain in a room with plants.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．Plants can cure all. B．Plants need to be cared for.
C．Plants take care of us. D．Plants enable a good future.


二、七选五
When you turn on the tap and hot water comes out, do you know the development of the facilities? One of the earliest known baths dates back to around 2500- 1700BC． 16 Today, many people have both a bath and a shower in their homes. Some people swear by showers to wake them up in the morning, while others say a bath at night helps them to unwind and sleep soundly. 17
Yes — a bath washes the mind and body.
18 They are a place to unwind, to pause and reflect on the day to come or the one that has passed. You can choose to relax and do nothing in a bath other than wiggle your toes, or you can learn something by reading a good book. You can even eat in the bath if you are hungry. 19 For the first few years of a person’s life, they are bathed before bed, not showered. This is because baths can be calming or fun - and importantly they give time out from the day.
No — showers are quick and cheap.
20 Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161. What’s more, showers are better for the environment because they use much less water and less energy. Showers are efficient when you don’ t have much time in the morning. That means you can stay in bed for an extra few minutes.
A．What do you think?
B．Showers are faster.
C．Even babies like baths.
D．Are baths better than showers?
E．Showers were invented a lot later.
F．Baths are about so much more than cleanliness.
G．The cost of baths is higher than that of showers.


三、完形填空
It was hard not to notice the 8-year-old boy across the street who stormed in and out of his own house. He did it often enough that a neighbor, William Dunn, 21 what was going on in his life. So Dunn asked him. “He told me that he didn’t have a father,” says Dunn, now 58, “and I 22 there might be something I could do for him.” That something was fishing, a hobby Dunn’s father had 23 him. “Fishing always brought me peace and it taught me how to be 24 . When you’re on the 25 , you can forget about your 26 just appreciate the moment.” Dunn got permission from the boy’s mother to take him 27 .
One Saturday afternoon on the water led to another, and soon he was 28 other kids in their Lakeland, Florida, neighborhood how to fish. Most didn’t have 29 figures in their lives and had never fished before. Some were foster 30 who had moved from one home to the next. They had been through a lot and their lives were 31 . But when they were fishing, all unhappiness 32 . Out on the boat, they’d be 33 and making new friends.
“I’ m able to forget about the past when I’ m fishing and concentrate on something fun and 34 ,” says Smith, a foster kid. “I’ve learned that I deserve a better life than what I had 35 fishing. Whenever I feel down, I know it’s time to go fishing.”
21．A．interrupted B．wondered C．knew D．discovered
22．A．realized B．memorized C．doubted D．wished
23．A．agreed with B．dealt with C．shared with D．went with
24．A．crazy B．fortunate C．comfortable D．patient
25．A．water B．street C．neighborhood D．playground
26．A．likes B．tasks C．problems D．solutions
27．A．fishing B．working C．risking D．experimenting
28．A．questioning B．teaching C．asking D．observing
29．A．mother B．grandfather C．teacher D．father
30．A．boys B．friends C．children D．families
31．A．joyful B．ordinary C．serious D．difficult
32．A．swung B．disappeared C．came D．stayed
33．A．struggling B．preparing C．laughing D．thinking
34．A．puzzling B．clean C．tiring D．positive
35．A．instead of B．because of C．according to D．as for


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。.
The Naadam Festival, 36 falls on the fourth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, is celebrated in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to express pleasure for the harvest. In Naadam festival, Wrestling, Archery and Horse racing 37 (consider) as three most impressive traditional events.
Mongolian wrestling is a wonderful show of strength and grace, in which actions like the pull, push, and press are attractive. It is 38 (total) different from the wrestling competition in the Olympic Games. There are no rounds, and wrestlers are not separated by weight. The wrestler loses if any part of his body above his knee 39 (touch) the ground.
Mongolian archery is classified as three kinds: Static shoot, on horse shoot and long shoot. The rules are three rounds with nine arrows. Every person has three 40 (arrow) per round, the scores are evaluated by the number of target hitting. Archery has played 41 important role in the life of Mongolia people and still kept 42 (it) popularity.
The horse racing is 43 (excite), including three kinds of competitions to test the speed of the horse and riders’ performances. Competitors should be children, because they are lighter and it is easy for horses 44 (run) faster. Growing 45 on the horseback,they are attached to horses. In a sense, horses are at the heart of Mongolian culture.


五、其他应用文
46．你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以My Most Respected Teacher为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.对老师简要介绍；
2.尊敬老师的原因；
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.文中不能出现老师及学校的真实名字；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My Most Respected Teacher
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My daughter, Grace, came home from first grade in tears. Worried about her, I asked what had happened to her. She was sobbing and said, “I felt So... so sad that the mean boy Dylan called me names (骂我) again.” I hugged her tightly and comforted her softly. I asked if she had told her teacher about it. Grace nodded and said, “Yes, my teacher punished him seriously and required him to make a sincere apology to me immediately. Although he did that, he’s still not polite to me.”
Looking at Grace’s tearful eyes, I racked my brain, trying to think of a way to help her. Grace were bullied by a seven-year-old boy. In most cases, for young children, bullies may be acting out because they are hurting or feeling that others aren’t kind to them. By reaching out and showing them friendship, we have the potential to change their behavior and create a more wonderful environment. I know, as parents, we can’t always protect our children from the challenges they face, but we can teach them the value of kindness and encourage them to be a force for good in the world.
Then an idea hit me. “Maybe we could be kind to him. We know an old saying that good for good is natural while good for evil is manly. After all, Dylan is not a born bad boy.” I suggested although I wasn’t sure if it would make a difference. Grace thought for a while and agreed. From then on, she would say hello to him in the hallway, clap hands for him while Dylan was playing basketball and sometimes helped him with some weak subjects. Unfortunately, nothing seemed to change on Dylan over the next two weeks. Feeling rather disappointed, I was lost in deep thought, trying to find a suitable way to deal with the situation.
The other day, Grace’s teacher phoned me to praise my daughter because of her kindness. I was curious and asked Grace about it.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She explained that during the PE class, they were learning how to play football.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next day, Dylan came to my home with a beautiful gift and said sorry to Grace.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．A

【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了几家艺术品和古董收藏店。
1．细节理解题。根据小标题Territorial Indian Arts & Antiques下的““We specialize in estate collections of historic pottery of all the tribes, with emphasis on the Matriarchs.”owners Deb and Alston Neal say about their offerings.(“我们专门收藏所有部落的历史陶器，尤其是母系家族的陶器。”老板黛布和阿尔斯通·尼尔这样评价他们的产品)”可知，游客在Territorial Indian Arts & Antiques可以欣赏到母系家族历史悠久的陶器收藏。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据小标题Jesse Robbin’s Jewelry Store下的“Jesse Robbin is not only a talented jewelry artist on his own, he is also offering high quality historic material, including the Morris Robinson bracelet.(杰西·罗宾不仅是一位才华横溢的珠宝艺术家，他还提供高质量的历史材料，包括莫里斯·罗宾逊手镯)”可知，可以在Jesse Robbin’s Jewelry Store了解莫里斯·罗宾逊手镯，它的网址是www. jesserobbinsjewelry.com。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据本文标题“Historic Arts & Antiques(历史艺术与古董)”以及后文介绍可四家艺术品和古董收藏店，它们的收藏品，电话和网址，所以应是来自一本艺术杂志。故选A项。
4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位在世界各地进行惊人的冒险，取得各种杰出的成就的女性。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Jeanne Baret (1740—1807) was a French scientist. She studied plants. And, she was the first woman to sail around the world. (珍妮·巴雷特(1740—1807)是一位法国科学家。她研究植物。而且，她是第一位环球航行的女性。)”可知，珍妮·巴雷特是第一位进行环球航行的女性。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Nellie Bly (1864—1922) was a journalist. In 1887, she wrote a story about hidden problems at a mental hospital. She disguised herself as a patient at the hospital. (内莉·布莱(1864—1922)是一名记者。1887年，她写了一个关于精神病院隐藏问题的故事。她在医院里假扮成病人。)”可知，布莱通过假装自己是个精神病人在精神病院收集真实信息。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“King Haakon of Norway awarded Boyd the Knight’s Cross of St. Olaf for her bravery and competence. (挪威国王哈康授予博伊德圣奥拉夫骑士十字勋章，以表彰她的勇敢和能力。)”可知，博伊德是勇敢和有能力的。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Generally speaking, women are expected to stay home and raise families. But some brave women are determined to take off on amazing adventures around the world. They go to space or sail around the world. In all, they can make all kinds of outstanding achievements. (一般来说，女性被期望呆在家里照顾家庭。但一些勇敢的女性决心在世界各地进行惊人的冒险。她们去太空或环游世界。总之，他们可以做出各种杰出的成就。)”以及后文具体介绍了四位女性冒险家可知，B项“Women Adventurers (女性冒险家)”概括了文章大意，是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“大象绘画”这一现象可能反映了虐待动物的行为，我们不应该强迫动物进行这种训练，而是应该让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，或让它们回归野外。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“A 2014 study on four captive (圈养的) Asian elephants at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia was carried out to identify stress-related behaviors around the activity of painting.(2014年对澳大利亚墨尔本动物园的四只圈养亚洲象进行了一项研究，以确定围绕绘画活动的压力相关行为)”可知，2014年研究的目的是确定大象画画时的压力相关行为。故选A项。
9．词句猜测题。根据前文“In addition, PETA, a famous animal rights group, has mentioned several American zoos that use harmful training methods to get elephants to paint, perform tricks, play instruments, and more.(此外，著名的动物权利组织善待动物组织(PETA)提到，美国有几家动物园使用有害的训练方法让大象画画、表演戏法、演奏乐器等等)”可知，有几家动物园使用有害的训练方法让大象画画、表演戏法、演奏乐器等等，也就是他们用有害的方法去鼓励大象，所以推知assaults描述的是有害方法，根据选项：A. Persuasions说服；B. Benefits益处；C. Rewards奖励；D. Attacks攻击、伤害，应该是D项符合语境。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Activist organizations warn that elephants can undergo extreme discomfort in the training process.(激进组织警告说，大象在训练过程中可能会经历极度的不适)”可知，激进组织认为大象在训练中可能会感到不舒服，故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The role of a shelter is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild; teaching them to paint does not seem to go with that target, particularly if it’s not a learned behavior that the animal would be willing to do independently.(收容所的作用是让动物尽可能地过上正常的生活，也许是为了把动物放回野外；教它们画画似乎不符合这个目标，特别是如果这不是一种动物愿意独立完成的习得行为)”可知，庇护所的作用是允许动物自由生活。故选C项。
12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，种植室内植物有助于人们远离消极的想法或情绪，提高情绪。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Houseplant collections have become a popular social media trend. Jamie Keaton Jones,PhD, a psychotherapist in Washington, D.C, gives the reason for that: “You know for people,plants enable them to experience greater comfort and beauty from the presence of living things.”(室内植物收藏已经成为一种流行的社交媒体趋势。华盛顿特区的心理治疗师杰米·基顿·琼斯博士给出了原因:“你知道，对人们来说，植物使他们从生物的存在中体验到更大的舒适和美丽。”)”可知，因为植物使人们体验到更大的舒适和美丽，所以室内植物收藏成为一种社交媒体趋势。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段““One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their rooms reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less tiredness and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, PhD, founder and director of AIM (Arts and Integrated Medicine) at Montefiore Health Systems in Bronx, New York. She explains: “Cortisol (皮质醇), the stress hormone, has been shown to lower with plant interaction, lowering tiredness, anger and blood pressure. Gardening and caring for plants can help turn people away from negative thoughts or emotions.”(“一项研究表明，在医院里，房间里有植物的病人比房间里没有植物的病人报告的疼痛、血压、疲劳和焦虑更少，”纽约布朗克斯蒙特菲奥雷卫生系统AIM(艺术与综合医学)的创始人和主任珍妮·塞汉姆博士说。她解释说:“应激激素皮质醇已经被证明会随着植物的相互作用而降低，从而降低疲劳、愤怒和血压。园艺和照顾植物可以帮助人们远离消极的想法或情绪。”)”可知，Seham用研究结果来说明指物的好处，所以她的态度是客观的。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段““One study showed that patients at a hospital who had plants in their rooms reported less pain, lower blood pressure, less tiredness and less anxiety than patients without plants in their rooms,” says Jenny Seham, PhD, founder and director of AIM (Arts and Integrated Medicine) at Montefiore Health Systems in Bronx, New York.(“一项研究表明，在医院里，房间里有植物的病人比房间里没有植物的病人报告的疼痛、血压、疲劳和焦虑更少，”纽约布朗克斯蒙特菲奥雷卫生系统AIM(艺术与综合医学)的创始人和主任珍妮·塞汉姆博士说)”可知，作者认为病人在有植物的房间里感到的疼痛较少。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Research has revealed many benefits to being in the presence of nature, whether that’s walking in a forest, having a small garden or keeping a few household plants.(研究表明，置身于大自然之中有很多好处，无论是在森林里散步，拥有一个小花园，还是养一些家庭植物)”和下文总之引用研究者的观点，对指物的好处进行说明，可推断本文主要讲述了种植室内植物有助于人们远离消极的想法或情绪，提高情绪。故选C项。
16．E 17．D 18．F 19．C 20．G

【导语】本文是说明文。文章就到底是泡澡好还是淋浴好进行了说明。
16．根据前文“When you turn on the tap and hot water comes out, do you know the development of the facilities? One of the earliest known baths dates back to around 2500- 1700BC.(当你打开水龙头，热水就出来了，你知道这些设施的发展情况吗?已知最早的浴场之一可以追溯到公元前2500- 1700年)”以及后文“Today, many people have both a bath and a shower in their homes.(今天，许多人在家里既有浴缸又有淋浴)”可知，空处应是过渡句，前文没有提到淋浴，而后文提到了，所以空处应需提到淋浴，所以E项“Showers were invented a lot later.(淋浴是很久以后才发明的)”符合主题，且起到承上启下的作用。故选E项。
17．根据前文“Some people swear by showers to wake them up in the morning, while others say a bath at night helps them to unwind and sleep soundly.(有些人坚信淋浴能让他们在早上醒来，而另一些人说晚上泡澡能帮助他们放松和睡得香)”以及后文内容，可知本文主要在讨论是淋浴好还是泡澡好，而空处位于首段段尾，应是起到引出下文的作用，所以D项“Are baths better than showers?(泡澡比淋浴好吗?)”符合文意。故选D项。
18．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据本段小标题“Yes — a bath washes the mind and body.(是的，泡澡可以洗净身心)”以及后文“They are a place to unwind, to pause and reflect on the day to come or the one that has passed.(它们是放松的地方，是停下来反思即将到来的一天或过去的一天的地方)”可知，此处是在讲述泡澡不仅仅是洗刷身体，所以F项“Baths are about so much more than cleanliness.(泡澡的意义远不止清洁)”符合文意。故选F项。
19．根据前文“You can choose to relax and do nothing in a bath other than wiggle your toes, or you can learn something by reading a good book. You can even eat in the bath if you are hungry.(你可以选择放松，在浴缸里除了扭动脚趾什么都不做，或者你可以通过读一本好书来学习一些东西。如果你饿了，你甚至可以在浴室里吃东西)”以及后文“For the first few years of a person’s life, they are bathed before bed, not showered.(在一个人生命的最初几年，他们在睡觉前泡澡，而不是淋浴)”可知，空处是过渡句，从在泡澡中干别的事，到人的最初几年都是泡澡，所以C项“Even babies like baths.(即使婴儿也喜欢泡澡)”符合文意。故选C项。
20．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Experts recently worked out that a year of two baths a day costs £438 but a year of two showers a day costs just £161.(专家最近计算出，每天泡两次澡一年要花费438英镑，而每天洗两次淋浴一年只需要161英镑)”可知，此处是在讲泡澡和淋浴的成本问题，所以G项“The cost of baths is higher than that of showers.(泡澡的费用比淋浴高)”符合文意。故选G项。

21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了威廉·邓恩教附近的没有父亲的孩子钓鱼，以此让他们找回内心的平静。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他经常这样做，以至于邻居威廉·邓恩想知道他生活中发生了什么。A. interrupted阻断；B. wondered想知道；C. knew知道；D. discovered发现。根据下文“So Dunn asked him.”可知，邓恩想知道男孩生活中发生了什么。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现年58岁的邓恩说：“他告诉我，他没有父亲，我意识到我可能会为他做点什么。”A. realized意识到；B. memorized记住；C. doubted怀疑；D. wished希望。根据下文“That something was fishing, a hobby Dunn’s father had　　3　　 him.”可知，当得知这个男孩没有爸爸时，邓恩意识到可以为他做点什么。故选A。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：那就是钓鱼，邓恩的父亲分享给他的一个爱好。A. agreed with同意；B. dealt with处理；C. shared with和……分享；D. went with伴随。根据前文“That something was fishing, a hobby Dunn’s father”并结合选项可知，此处应是他的父亲分享给他的爱好符合语境。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：钓鱼总是给我带来平静，教会我如何保持耐心。A. crazy疯狂的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. patient耐心的。根据上文“Fishing always brought me peace”以及常识可知，钓鱼给他带来平静，教会他如何保持耐心。故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你在水上时，你可以忘记你的问题，只欣赏这一刻。A. water水；B. street街道；C. neighborhood街区；D. playground操场。根据前文“Fishing always brought me peace and it taught me how to be　　4　　.”可知，此处是在说钓鱼时，所以应是在水上。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你在水上时，你可以忘记你的问题，只欣赏这一刻。A. likes爱好；B. tasks任务；C. problems问题；D. solutions解决办法。根据前文“just appreciate the moment”可知，钓鱼时只专注于此刻，所以是忘记他的问题。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邓恩得到了男孩母亲的许可，带他去钓鱼。A. fishing钓鱼；B. working工作；C. risking冒险；D. experimenting做试验。根据前文““and I 　　2　　 there might be something I could do for him.” That something was fishing”可知，邓恩带男孩去钓鱼。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个周六下午去水上后又去了另一次，很快，他就开始教佛罗里达州莱克兰附近的其他孩子如何钓鱼。A. questioning质询；B. teaching教；C. asking询问；D. observing观察。根据后文“how to fish”可知，此处应是教他们怎么去钓鱼。故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数孩子在生活中没有父亲的形象，以前也从未钓过鱼。A. mother妈妈；B. grandfather祖父；C. teacher老师；D. father父亲。根据前文“He told me that he didn’t have a father”可知，大多数跟他学习钓鱼的孩子在生活中没有父亲的形象。故选D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些是被寄养的孩子，从一个家庭搬到另一个家庭。A. boys男孩；B. friends朋友；C. children孩子；D. families家庭。此处是谈论前文提到的“kids”，指其中有些是被寄养的孩子。故选C。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们经历了很多，生活很艰难。A. joyful快乐的；B. ordinary普通的；C. serious严重的；D. difficult困难的。根据“They had been through a lot”可知，这些孩子从一个家庭搬到另一个家庭，经历了很多，所以生活是艰难的。故选D。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当他们钓鱼时，所有的不快都消失了。A. swung摇摆；B. disappeared消失；C. came来；D. stayed保持。根据前文“When you’re on the 　　5　　, you can forget about your 　　6　　 just appreciate the moment.”可知，钓鱼的时候，能让人忘记问题，所以此处是所有的不快都消失了。故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在船上，他们会笑着结交新朋友。A. struggling奋斗；B. preparing准备；C. laughing笑；D. thinking思考。前文提到钓鱼时所有的不快都消失了，所以孩子们会笑着结交新朋友。故选C。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我钓鱼的时候，我可以忘记过去，专注于有趣和积极的事情，”史密斯说，他是一个寄养孩子。A. puzzling费解的；B. clean干净的；C. tiring累人的；D. positive积极乐观的。根据前文“I’ m able to forget about the past when I’ m fishing and concentrate on something fun”以及and可知，空处应和前文的fun并列，描述的是积极的事，所以positive“积极乐观的”符合语境。故选D。
35．考查固定短语辨析。句意：我明白了，因为钓鱼，我应该过上更好的生活。A. instead of代替；B.  because of因为；C.  according to根据；D. as for至于。根据前文“I’ve learned that I deserve a better life than what I had”和“fishing”之间是因果关系，是从钓鱼中明白的道理，故此处指因为钓鱼而明白了自己值得更好的生活，应用because of。故选B。

36．which 37．are considered 38．totally 39．touches 40．arrows 41．an 42．its 43．exciting 44．to run 45．up

【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了内蒙古的那达慕节。
36．考查定语从句。句意：那达慕节在农历六月初四，是中国内蒙古自治区庆祝丰收的节日。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Naadam Festival，在从句中作主语，应该用which引导从句。故填which。
37．考查动词语态和时态。句意：在那达慕节中，摔跤、射箭和赛马被认为是最令人印象深刻的三大传统项目。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以consider作本句谓语，主语是Wrestling, Archery and Horse racing，两者间是被动关系，用被动语态，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are considered。
38．考查副词。句意：它与奥运会摔跤比赛完全不同。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的形容词，应用所给词的副词形式。故填totally。
39．考查主谓一致。句意：如果摔跤手膝盖以上的任何部位触地，他就输了。分析句子结构可知，本句是if引导的条件状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以touch作本句谓语，主语是any part，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填touches。
40．考查名词。句意：每个人每回合有三支箭，得分由击中目标的次数来评定。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少宾语，所以空处应填名词作宾语，arrow意为“箭”，为可数名词，根据空前的three，应该用复数形式。故填arrows。
41．考查冠词。句意：射箭在蒙古人民的生活中扮演着重要的角色，至今仍保持着它的流行。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：play a role in意为“在……扮演一个角色”，所以空处应填不定冠词，important的发音是元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
42．考查代词。句意：射箭在蒙古人民的生活中扮演着重要的角色，至今仍保持着它的流行。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，空前应填形容词作定语，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
43．考查形容词。句意：赛马是令人兴奋的，包括三种比赛，以测试马匹的速度和骑手的表现。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，主语是The horse racing，修饰物，应该用v-ing形式的形容词。故填exciting。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：参赛者应该是孩子，因为他们更轻，马更容易跑得更快。此处是固定句型：it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.意为“做什么对谁来时是怎样的”，it为形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to run。
45．考查固定短语。句意：他们从小在马背上长大，对马有依恋。结合句意可知，此处是固定搭配：grow up意为“长大”。故填up。
46．My Most Respected Teacher
Miss Wang is my most respected teacher. She is of medium height, with beautiful long and blonde hair. Always wearing warm smile, she is elegant and easy-going. What impressed me most is her fluent English and kindness.
It is her creative teaching methods and the sense of responsibility that make me admire her very much. My classmates and I are so deeply absorbed into her lessons that we can always make progress and communicate in English freely. Besides, we enjoy her careful attendance in the life. For us, she is a strict teacher in class and good mom after class.
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生以“My Most Respected Teacher”为题,写一篇短文参加英语作文比赛。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
中等身材：medium height→average height
优雅的：elegant→graceful
善良：kindness→gentleness
仰慕：admire→look up to
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Miss Wang is my most respected teacher. She is of medium height, with beautiful long and blonde hair. Always wearing warm smile, she is elegant and easy-going.
拓展句：Miss Wang, who is of medium height and has beautiful long and blonde hair, always wears a warm smile, which adds to her elegance and easy-going nature.
【点睛】[高分句型1]What impressed me most is her fluent English and kindness.(what引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2]My classmates and I are so deeply absorbed into her lessons that we can always make progress and communicate in English freely.(so...that引导的结果状语从句)
47．She explained that during the PE class, they were learning how to play football. Suddenly, Dylan was tripped over. Noticing that, Grace rushed to him, saying anxiously, “Are you OK?” “My leg hurts!“ yelled Dylan. His right leg was injured so seriously that he could hardly stand up. Grace supported him with other classmates to the medical room. She tended to him until he felt better. With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks, Dylan felt so ashamed of being so rude to her before.
The next day, Dylan came to my home with a beautiful gift and said sorry to Grace. He admitted that he had been wrong and thanked Grace for her generosity. It was Grace that helped him know how to get along well with others. From that day on, Grace and Dylan became good friends. They were willing to support each other and spread kindness throughout their school. It is a valuable lesson, showing that kindness is the key to a wonderful world.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的女儿格蕾丝在学校，被一个叫做迪伦欺负了，作者试图让女儿对迪伦伸出手向他展示友谊，这样有可能改变他的行为，但是刚开始没有效果，但是当一次体育课，迪伦不小心受伤了，女儿格蕾丝细心照顾他，终于感化了他，迪伦最终向女儿道歉，并成为了好朋友。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她解释说，在体育课上，他们正在学习如何踢足球。”可知，第一段可描写迪伦受伤了，格蕾丝照顾他，让他感动。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天，迪伦带着一件漂亮的礼物来到我家，向格蕾丝道歉。”可知，第二段可描写迪伦和女儿格蕾丝成为了朋友，以及感悟。
2. 续写线索：迪伦受伤——女儿照顾——迪伦被感动——迪伦道歉——成为朋友——感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①叫喊：yell/shout/scream
②伤害：injure/hurt/harm
③照顾：tend to/take care of
情绪类
①焦急地：anxiously/worriedly/
②羞愧的：ashamed/regretful
【点睛】[高分句型1]His right leg was injured so seriously that he could hardly stand up.(so...that引导的结果状语从句)
[高分句型2]He admitted that he had been wrong and thanked Grace for her generosity.(that引导的宾语从句)