2022-2023学年度高一英语假期专练：暑假作业01 综合练习（一）（新高考）（含解析）

这是一份2022-2023学年度高一英语假期专练：暑假作业01 综合练习（一）（新高考）（含解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了完形填空，阅读理解，用单词的适当形式完成短文，告知信/通知，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
综合练习（一）
一、完形填空
Millions of young people grow up with a deep love of Disney. 1 by the studio’s fairytales, they dream of becoming a prince or princess.
Cori Borgstadt, however, has a slightly different 2 . Instead of 3 to be a princess like Snow White, she wants to become Disney’s CEO and has been 4 the company’s shareholder (股东) meetings since she was three years old.
Borgstadt, now 18, has 5 Disney for as long as she can remember. As well as collecting dolls and toys 6 her favourite films, she owns 7 in the company.
She is studying economics and film and media studies at Texas Tech University, and has 8 Bob Iger, the Disney CEO about how to eventually 9 him, at most of the meetings she has attended, Iger, now 72, replied: “Well, one thing you can do is keep coming to our shareholders’ meeting.”
The love of Disney has always been in Borgstadt’s 10 . Her grandmother bought her and her younger sister a single share when they were children. It was her mother, Jan, who suggested she attend the shareholder meeting 11 .
Borgstadt 12 that her dream of one day becoming the boss will not be easy to achieve, and would require a 13 similar to the ones Disney has been creating for a century. But she is 14 to work her way up, from making her 15 felt in the meetings.
1．A．Inspired B．Selected C．Financed D．Transformed
2．A．imagination B．assumption C．description D．ambition
3．A．turning out B．growing up C．setting out D．going on
4．A．calling B．attending C．reporting D．chairing
5．A．created B．owned C．loved D．missed
6．A．related to B．adapted from C．intended for D．combined with
7．A．studios B．positions C．offices D．shares
8．A．asked B．bothered C．informed D．warned
9．A．support B．approach C．replace D．attract
10．A．dream B．plan C．family D．generation
11．A．consequently B．regularly C．instantly D．gradually
12．A．accepts B．recalls C．proves D．doubts
13．A．character B．theme C．membership D．fairytale
14．A．anxious B．qualified C．determined D．content
15．A．creation B．presence C．honesty D．kindness


二、阅读理解
What do you want from life? Perhaps you want to spend more time with your family, or get a more secure job, or improve your health. But why do you want those things? Chances are that your answer will come down to one thing: Happiness.
Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression. Modern conceptions of happiness are primarily practical, focusing on what we might call the techniques of happiness. The concern is not what happiness is, but instead on how to get it.
But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option. Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain. Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness. Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive. All the good things in life involve suffering. Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.
There are other factors as well. In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason. But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual. Happiness requires others; it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.
But even that cannot guarantee happiness. Aristotle recognised that our happiness is hostage（人质）to fortune. Events beyond any individual’s control—war, poverty, and global pandemics—will often make happiness impossible. Happiness is not a mental state that can be permanently won, but instead it’s a practice which we hone（磨练）, imperfectly, in circumstances only partly of our making.
Recognizing this will not secure a good life, but it will avoid the illusory（虚幻的）hope of permanent contentment. No life worth living should meet the only standard. Instead, aim with Aristotle to embrace those faults and to flower in spite of them.
16．Where can you find negative effects of focusing too much on “happiness”?
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3.
C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.
17．How does the author prove that pain is an unavoidable result of being alive?
A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples. D．By telling stories.
18．What is Aristotle’s view on happiness?
A．Happiness is a stable emotional state.
B．Good personal relationships lead to happiness.
C．Taking part in social activities guarantees happiness.
D．Happiness promotes independent thinking and reasoning.
19．What is the text mainly about?
A．Happiness is what humans pursue forever.
B．Happiness lies in the process of pursuing it.
C．Our pursuit of happiness may be imperfect.
D．Depression and happiness are equally important.

When you enjoy your morning cup of tea, you are probably not aware that those tea leaves can mean injury, or even death, for Asian elephants wandering Indian tea gardens.
In the Indian state of Assam, growing numbers of tea farms are destroying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their population. Much of the forest land where tea is grown in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches or small channels to prevent water from accumulating and hurting the plants. The trenches, however, can be death traps for the elephants.
Since the elephants need to use tea plantations as landmarks when traveling in forests, they almost unavoidably have to move through the farms. Moreover, because there are fewer humans around, pregnant females often use tea-growing areas as safe shelters to give birth. But baby elephants, still not used to rough ground may easily fall into the trenches and get hurt. Once injured, they might not be able to climb out. When mothers try to dig their babies out, both may be trapped in thick mud, even be killed. Furthermore, elephants are known to resist leaving their sick or dying behind, and a group may stay at a trench with a trapped baby for hours, unwilling to move on until all hope is lost.
Is there possibility for elephants to live in harmony with the booming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an organization that takes the initiative to make it possible. The organization encourages consumers to choose brands that take an active part in elephants protection, and has established a certification program to reward tea growers who are doing it right. Until now, only smaller tea brands have been certified, but awareness is growing. The organization believes that people may be encouraged to buy elephant-friendly brands when they know more about the risk tea can cause to these endangered animals.
20．Why do farmers in Assam dig trenches?
A．To trap elephants. B．To mark boundaries.
C．To protect tea trees. D．To expand tea farms.
21．What can we say about baby elephants?
A．They get stuck by the sharp branches of the tea trees.
B．They have difficulty moving around the uneven fields.
C．They might miss the landmarks while travelling in forests.
D．They fail to find a safe shelter when climbing out of trenches.
22．What does “it” underlined in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Encouraging consumers to choose high-quality brands.
B．Rewarding tea growers for protecting the environment.
C．Promoting elephant-friendly trenches and organizations.
D．Creating a win-win situation for elephants and tea farms.
23．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．The Trenches Pose Threats to Elephants
B．Habitat Loss Affects Endangered Animals
C．Growth of Tea Gardens Benefits Plantation
D．Farms Sponsor Environmental Organizations

Here are some books written by Joyce Grant.
Can You Believe It
Publisher: Kids Can Press
Published in 2022, it explores in depth how real journalism is made, what false news is, and most importantly, how to spot the difference. It gives readers context they can use, such as how bias(偏见) can come into news reporting secretly. Young kids get most of their information online. This must-read guide helps them decide which information they can trust and which they can’t.
Gabby: Drama Queen
Publisher: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Publishing
It was published three years later than Tagged Out. Little kid Gabby and her friend Roy are setting up a stage for their play about “Queen Gabriella”. Using her magic letter book, Gabby puts letters together to create words that will turn into various props(道具) .When they finally have everything they need, they’re ready to perform for their elderly next-door neighbor, Mrs. Oldham.
Tagged Out
Publisher:Lorimer Kids and Teens
Published in 2016 and full of kid-friendly information, it’s an excellent read, especially the description of the action during the games. Reading it makes readers feel like they’re right there watching the game and feeling what the kids feel in success and in failure. Grant reflects the attitudes and behaviors of today’s young teens and makes each of her characters real.
Stiding Home
Publisher:Lorimer Kids and Teens
It came out in 2018. When young Miguel’s family becomes desperate, a solution comes from Miguel’s baseball teammate, who suggests a big baseball money-raising campaign. As the team learns about the hard realities some kids face and helps them wholeheartedly, Miguel learns to trust his teammates.
24．What’s the book Can You Believe It mainly about?
A．Journalism.
B．Family love.
C．Games.
D．Stage performance.
25．Which book was published first?
A．Tagged Out
B．Sliding Home
C．Can You Believe It
D．Gabby:Drama Queen
26．Who are the listed books intended for?
A．Young parents.
B．Young kids.
C．Media journalists.
D．Children’s writers.

When Zhi Yueying, then 19, went to the remote Niyang village in Yichun city, Jiangxi province, to work as a village teacher in 1980, villagers were doubtful if she was going to stay long.
Over the past four decades, Zhi has devoted herself to rural education. She is a recipient of Touching China awards that recognize the most inspiring role models in 2016. She was also awarded as a model poverty fighter by the government. Zhi has a profound understanding of the importance of education in the mountains. Over the years, she has taught the students and cared for them, since many of them were “left-behind” children whose parents migrated to other places to work. More than 1,000 students of hers have left the mountain area, and created a better life for themselves.
Located amid the mountains, the village was very poor and far from any town. Villagers had to hike in the mountains. “I arrived at the school in an early evening, and was shocked. I had known the conditions were poor, but the reality was worse.” Moreover, local people needed to go downhill to buy daily necessities, and transport them back in their hands or balanced across their shoulders. “I had never walked uphill on a mountain road before, so I walked much more slowly than others, sometimes I walked slowly behind too much and was scared to tears,” says Zhi. Sometimes she had to walk uphill by herself with a flashlight at night. The wild boars and rabbits sometimes frightened her and she enhanced her courage by singing loudly.
But she gradually got used to her life there. At the beginning, she found many local people valued their sons far more than their daughters, and would not like to let them attend school. Zhi went to their homes repeatedly and gradually persuaded them to send all their children to school. For those who could not afford the tuition, she spared her own money to help.
Zhi says seeing her students do well beyond the mountains is deeply rewarding. “My dream, the same as before, is to stay by the side of more children. I know poverty will forever say goodbye to the mountainous villages, to my students, and to myself,” says Zhi.
27．Why did Zhi choose to stay long in the mountains?
A．She was a village teacher.
B．She was a Touching China awards recipient.
C．She was shocked by the poor living conditions.
D．She was aware of the significance of rural education.
28．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The reasons for their poverty.
B．The ways of buying daily necessities.
C．The tough situations in the mountains.
D．The description of Zhi’s teaching experience.
29．What can we learn about Zhi Yueying?
A．She has a sense of achievement. B．She enjoys living in mountains.
C．She has changed the local life. D．She likes challenges in teaching.
30．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．A Life-changing Lesson B．A Contributor to Rural Education
C．The Teaching Experience in Mountains D．The Current Situation of Rural Education

Scrubbing your hands with soap and water washes away germs (细菌). But the hot-air hand dryers found in many public restrooms seem to spray microbes (微生物)right back onto clean skin. That’s what 16-year-old Zita Nguyen found by testing peopled freshly washed and dried hands.
She showcased her findings this week at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). Held in Dallas, Texas, this competition is a program of the Society for Science.
Toilets in public restrooms seldom have lids. So flushing them sprays the germs from body waste into the air. That same air is drawn into those electric hand dryers. These machines provide a nice warm home in which microbes can grow, Zita says. Cleaning the inside of these machines can be difficult, she adds.
The teen had four people wash and dry their hands in restrooms at a mall and a gas station. The participants scrubbed with soap and water. After each washing, they dried their hands using one of three different methods. In some trials, they simply used paper towels. In the others, they used an electric hand dryer. Sometimes, they held their hands close to the machine, about 13 centimeters below it. Other times, they held their hands about 30 centimeters below the dryer. Each hand-drying condition was performed 20 times.
Right after this drying, Zita swabbed (用拭子擦)their hands for germs. Then she rubbed the swabs onto petri dishes filled with nutrients that would fuel a microbe’s growth. She housed these dishes in an incubator (孵化器) for three days.
Fewer than 50 colonies of microbes, on average, turned up in each dish exposed to swabs from hands dried with paper towels or from hands held farther from the electric dryers. In contrast, more than 130 colonies, on average, grew in petri dishes from hands held close to the hot-air dryers.
At first, Zita was amazed by all the microbes in these dishes. Quickly, however, she realized they represented what covered peopled hands after using a hot-air dryer. “This is disgusting,” she now says. “I’m never going to use these machines again!”
31．What is the main function of the first paragraph?
A．To provide background information
B．To summarize Zita’s findings
C．To call for action
D．To explain a rule
32．Which of the following does NOT play a role in the phenomenon Zita discovered?
A．Public toilets often lack lids
B．Hand dryers are warm
C．People often forget to wash their hands
D．The inside of hand dryers is hard to clean
33．What did Zita do as part of the experiment?
A．She analysed existing data
B．She tested hundreds of people
C．She visited many locations
D．She compared different methods
34．What is Zita’s attitude to electric dryers now?
A．Negative B．Uncertain
C．Supportive D．Interested


三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Chinese high school principal Zhang Guimei has been honored 35 the title “Role Model of the Times” in recognition of her dedication to education for girls.
With the support of the Party and the government, she helped establish the country’s first senior high school to offer free education for girls from poor families. Since it opened in 2008, it 36 (see) more than 1,800 students progress to universities and colleges.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a rural teacher in Huaping county, Lijiang, Yunnan province, noticed a girl 37 (sit) on the hillside. She was staring 38 (blank) into space. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married and it was arranged by her parents.
That fateful encounter(邂逅) persuaded Zhang 39 (build) a free high school for girls, aiming to help break the spell (魔咒) 40 women drop out of education, marry early and spend 41 (they) whole life in the remote mountain.
After years of trying to raise funds, in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, 42 (found) at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, where Zhang is the principal. Over the decades, More than 1,800 43 (graduate) have been admitted to college, 44 is regarded a “miracle” in the remote area, as most students didn’t perform well in academic study before the school was established.


四、告知信/通知
45．假定你是李华，你的美国网友David获悉你班师生上周六到郊区美丽村庄的旅游活动，他给你发来邮件表示很感兴趣。请你给他回一封电子邮件，介绍该活动，内容包括：
1．交通方式等；
2．活动过程；
3．表达感想。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

五、读后续写
46．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day, Billy was walking in the park when he suddenly came across a homeless dog. He initially was frightened of the dog, who glared and barked at him from the bushes.
“Hey there... You hungry?” Billy asked softly, trying to calm the dog down as he reached into his pocket to pull out a sandwich. He took one half and held it out to the dog. The dog calmed down, stepped forward and ate it next to Billy. A little calmer, Billy started to pat the dog as he ate the other half.
The dog began to lick (舔) his hand when both pieces were finished. “I’m sorry. That was the only sandwich I took with me,” Billy laughed cheerfully, fully lowering his guard. As he got up, the dog began running and jumping happily around Billy, hoping to play with him. “Sorry, buddy. I have to go home,” Billy said. The dog cautiously followed Billy. Later that evening, Billy saw the dog sitting outside his yard through the window. He immediately ran out to her. “Buddy, what are you doing here?” Billy asked as he playfully patted her. The dog wagged her tail, barking in delight.
“Alright. Let me try and see if my mom won’t mind taking you in,” Billy said.
Billy ran back and told his mom all about the dog. “Are you crazy, Billy? We barely have enough to sustain ourselves. I’m sorry, but it’s a no!” Mom declined him,
Billy accepted his mom’s words and went outside to say his goodbyes. However, when he got outside, he noticed the heavy storm was coming and felt for his new friend.
He had hoped that the dog would seek shelter somewhere, but she just sat there. He fig-ured she was still waiting for him, so he went out into the rain to try to lead his friend to shelter.
“Come on, girl! Go!” Billy said, trying to lead the dog to the nearby sheltered car park. But she wouldn’t move an inch. She stuck right by his side. The rain began to pour down harder.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just at the moment, Mom appeared at the door.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next morning, Billy put up notices in the park to find the dog owner.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了Cori Borgstadt从小喜欢迪士尼，并且立志成为迪士尼的CEO，虽然这个梦想很难做到，但是她一直为之努力。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：受工作室童话故事的启发，他们梦想成为王子或公主。A. Inspired启发；B. Selected选择；C. Financed提供资金；D. Transformed使改变形态。根据后文“they dream of becoming a prince or princess.”可知，他们梦想成为王子或公主，应该是受到童话故事的启发。故选A项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Cori Borgstadt的抱负略有不同。A. imagination想象力；B. assumption假定；C. description描述；D. ambition追求的目标、抱负。根据后文“Instead of 　　　　3　　　　 to be a princess like Snow White, she wants to become Disney’s CEO”可知，她不想成为公主，而是迪士尼的首席执行官，所以是追求的目标不同。故选D项。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不想长大后成为白雪公主那样的公主，而是想成为迪士尼的首席执行官，从三岁起就一直参加公司的股东大会。A. turning out结果是；B. growing up成长；C. setting out出发；D. going on进行。 根据后文“to be a princess like Snow White, she wants to become Disney’s CEO”结合选项，可知应是长大后成为迪士尼的首席执行官。故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不想长大后成为白雪公主那样的公主，而是想成为迪士尼的首席执行官，从三岁起就一直参加公司的股东大会。A. calling称呼；B. attending参加；C. reporting报道；D. chairing担任主席。根据后文“Well, one thing you can do is keep coming to our shareholders’ meeting.”可知，是参加股东大会。故选B项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现年18岁的Borgstadt从记事起就一直喜欢迪士尼。A. created创造；B. owned拥有；C. loved喜欢；D. missed思念。根据后文“As well as collecting dolls and toys 　　　　6　　　　 her favourite films, she owns 　　　　7　　　　 in the company.”可知，她收集她最喜欢的电影中的玩偶和玩具，所以是喜欢迪士尼。故选C项。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：除了收集与她最喜欢的电影有关的玩偶和玩具外，她还拥有该公司的股份。A. related to与……相关；B. adapted from改编自；C. intended for目的在于；D. combined with与……结合。根据前文“now 18, has 　　5　　Disney for as long as she can remember.”可知，Borgstadt从小喜欢迪士尼，所以是收集与她最喜欢的电影有关的玩偶和玩具。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了收集与她最喜欢的电影有关的玩偶和玩具外，她还拥有该公司的股份。A. studios录音室；B. positions位置；C. offices办公室；D. shares股份。根据后文“Her grandmother bought her and her younger sister a single share when they were children.”可知，祖母给她们买了一股股票，所以是她拥有该公司的股份。故选D项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她参加的大多数会议上，她都问过迪士尼首席执行官鲍勃·伊格尔(Bob Iger)最终如何取代他。A. asked询问；B. bothered打扰；C. informed通知；D. warned警告。根据后文“Iger, now 72, replied: “Well, one thing you can do is keep coming to our shareholders’ meeting.””可知，Iger在回答她，所以是Borgstadt询问Iger。故选A项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她参加的大多数会议上，她都问过迪士尼首席执行官Bob Iger最终如何取代他。A. support支持；B. approach靠近；C. replace代替；D. attract吸引。根据前文“she wants to become Disney’s CEO”可知，Borgstadt想成为迪士尼的首席执行官，所以问迪士尼首席执行官Bob Iger最终如何取代他。故选C项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对迪士尼的热爱一直存在于Borgstadt的家庭中。A. dream梦；B. plan计划；C. family家庭；D. generation一代人。根据后文“Her grandmother bought her and her younger sister a single share when they were children. It was her mother, Jan, who suggested she attend the shareholder meeting”可知，她的祖母给她们买了一股股票。是她的母亲简建议她参加股东大会，所以对迪士尼的热爱一直存在于Borgstadt的家庭中。故选C项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的母亲简建议她定期参加股东大会。A. consequently因此；B. regularly定期地；C. instantly立刻；D. gradually逐步地。根据前文“has been 　　　　4　　　　 the company’s shareholder (股东) meetings since she was three years old.”可知，Borgstadt从三岁起就一直参加公司的股东大会，所以是定期参加。故选B项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Borgstadt承认，她有朝一日成为老板的梦想并不容易实现，这需要一个类似迪士尼一个世纪以来一直在创造的童话故事。A. accepts同意、承认；B. recalls回忆；C. proves证明；D. doubts怀疑。根据后文“her dream of one day becoming the boss will not be easy to achieve”结合选项可知，应该是Borgstadt知道自己的梦想实现很难。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Borgstadt承认，她有朝一日成为老板的梦想并不容易实现，这需要一个类似迪士尼一个世纪以来一直在创造的童话故事。A. character性格；B. theme主题；C. membership会员；D. fairytale童话故事。根据后文“Disney has been creating for a century”可知，迪士尼一个世纪以来一直在创造的是童话故事。故选D项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她决心努力提升自己的地位，从让人们感受到她在会议上的存在。A. anxious焦虑的；B. qualified有资格的；C. determined有决心的；D. content满意的。根据后文“work her way up”结合选项，可知应是她决心努力提升自己的地位。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她决心努力提升自己的地位，从让人们感受到她在会议上的存在。A. creation创造；B. presence存在；C. honesty诚实；D. kindness善良。根据前文“But she is 　　　　14　　　　 to work her way up”可知，Borgstadt决定提高自己的地位，所以是提高自己在会议上的存在感。故选B项。
16．A 17．C 18．B 19．C

【导语】本篇是议论文。本文对于幸福的追求究竟是什么进行了阐述。得出的结论是：人们对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet there is some evidence that too much pursuit of happiness is associated with a greater risk of depression.(然而，有证据表明，过度追求幸福与更大的抑郁风险有关)”可知，在第2段可以找到过于关注“幸福”的负面影响。故选A项。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段“But maximizing pleasure isn’t the only option.  Every human life, even the most fortunate, is filled with pain.  Painful loss, painful disappointments, the physical pain of injury or sickness, and the mental pain of long-suffering boredom, loneliness, or sadness.  Pain is an unavoidable consequence of being alive.  All the good things in life involve suffering.  Writing a novel, running a marathon, or giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit of the final, joyous result.(但是最大化快乐并不是唯一的选择。每个人的生活，即使是最幸运的人，也充满了痛苦。痛苦的损失，痛苦的失望，身体上受伤或生病的痛苦，以及长期忍受无聊、孤独或悲伤的精神痛苦。痛苦是活着不可避免的结果。生活中所有美好的事物都伴随着苦难。写小说、跑马拉松或生孩子，都是为了追求最终的快乐结果而痛苦的)”可知，作者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的结果。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the eyes of Aristotle, we get happiness by exercising our uniquely human capabilities to think and reason.  But thinking and reasoning are as much social activities as they are individual.  Happiness requires others;  it is not an emotional state so much as it is the excellence of the relations we cultivate with other people.(在亚里士多德看来，我们通过行使人类独特的思考和推理能力来获得幸福。但思考和推理既是个体活动，也是社会活动。幸福需要别人;与其说它是一种情感状态，不如说是我们与他人培养的良好关系)”可知，在亚理士多德看来“幸福并不是个体的情感状态，需要我们与他人培养良好的关系”。故选B项。
19．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章第一段通过设问的方式引出话题；第二段指出，现如今人们过分追求幸福而产生的负面影响；第三至六段表明，过分追求幸福、将幸福最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。因此，人们对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。故选C。
20．C 21．B 22．D 23．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了茶叶种植对亚洲象的生存环境造成威胁及Elephant Friendly Tea组织为保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展做出的努力。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Much of the forest land where tea is grown in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches or small channels to prevent water from accumulating and hurting the plants.”（大部分阿萨姆邦种植茶叶的林地都是平坦的，因此农民必须挖排水沟或小渠道，以防止雨水积聚和伤害植物。）可知，茶农挖沟渠是为了避免雨水集聚而损害茶树。故选C项。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But baby elephants, still not used to rough ground may easily fall into the trenches and get hurt.”（但是小象还不习惯粗糙的地面，很容易掉进沟渠里受伤。）可知，在不平整的地面上行走，小象面临许多困难，很容易掉进沟渠里。故选B项。
22．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Is there possibility for elephants to live in harmony with the booming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an organization that takes the initiative to make it possible.”（大象有可能与蓬勃发展的茶业和谐相处吗?Elephant Friendly Tea是一个主动采取行动使it成为可能的组织。）可知，该组织采取行动，致力于保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展，此处it指代上文提到的“elephants to live in harmony with the booming tea business”，即大象保护和茶业发展的双赢局面。故选D项。
23．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the Indian state of Assam, growing numbers of tea farms are destroying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their population.”（在印度阿萨姆邦，越来越多的茶园正在破坏亚洲象的栖息地，并危及它们的数量。）及“The trenches, however, can be death traps for the elephants.”（然而，沟渠对大象来说可能是死亡陷阱。）并结合下文茶农挖的沟渠对大象的具体危害的描述可知，本文主要介绍了茶叶种植尤其是茶园内的沟渠对亚洲象的生存环境造成了威胁。故选A项。
24．A 25．A 26．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些由Joyce Grant写的书。
24．细节理解题。根据Can You Believe It中的“Published in 2022, it explores in depth how real journalism is made, what false news is, and most importantly, how to spot the difference.(该书于2022年出版，深入探讨了真正的新闻是如何制作的，什么是假新闻，最重要的是，如何发现两者的区别。)”可知，《你能相信吗?》这本书主要讲的是新闻。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据Can You Believe It中的“Published in 2022, it explores in depth how real journalism is made, what false news is, and most importantly, how to spot the difference.(该书于2022年出版，深入探讨了真正的新闻是如何制作的，什么是假新闻，最重要的是，如何发现两者的区别。)”、Gabby: Drama Queen中的“It was published three years later than Tagged Out. (它的出版时间比《Tagged Out》晚了三年。)”、Tagged Out中的“Published in 2016 and full of kid-friendly information, it’s an excellent read, especially the description of the action during the games. (这本书出版于2016年，充满了对孩子们友好的信息，是一本很好的读物，尤其是对游戏过程中的动作的描述。)”和Stiding Home中的“It came out in 2018. When young Miguel’s family becomes desperate, a solution comes from Miguel’s baseball teammate, who suggests a big baseball money-raising campaign. (它于2018年上映。当年轻的米格尔的家庭陷入绝望时，米格尔的棒球队友提出了一个解决方案，他建议举办一场大型的棒球筹款活动。)”可知，《Tagged Out》这本书是最先出版的。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据Can You Believe It中的“Young kids get most of their information online. This must-read guide helps them decide which information they can trust and which they can’t. (小孩子的大部分信息都是在网上获得的。这个必读指南帮助他们决定哪些信息可以信任，哪些不能。)”、Gabby: Drama Queen中的“Little kid Gabby and her friend Roy are setting up a stage for their play about “Queen Gabriella”. (小姑娘Gabby和她的朋友Roy正在为他们的戏剧“Queen Gabriella”搭建舞台。)”、Tagged Out中的“Published in 2016 and full of kid-friendly information, it’s an excellent read, especially the description of the action during the games. (这本书出版于2016年，充满了对孩子们友好的信息，是一本很好的读物，尤其是对游戏过程中的动作的描述。)”和Stiding Home中的“As the team learns about the hard realities some kids face and helps them wholeheartedly, Miguel learns to trust his teammates. (当团队了解到一些孩子所面临的艰难现实并全心全意地帮助他们时，Miguel 学会了信任他的队友。)”可推断，所列出的四本书是年幼的孩子看的。故选B。
27．D 28．C 29．A 30．B

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在江西山区中做乡村教师的支月英的故事，过去的四十年中她一直致力于乡村教育，悉心教育照顾学生，她梦想着山村、她的学生和她自己都能早日脱离贫困。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Over the past four decades, Zhi has devoted herself to rural education.(在过去的四十年里，她一直致力于乡村教育)”和“Zhi has a profound understanding of the importance of education in the mountains.(支月英对山区教育的重要性有着深刻的认识)”可知，支月英选择长期待在山里是因为她意识到了乡村教育的重要性。故选D项。
28．段落大意题。根据第三段中“Located amid the mountains, the village was very poor and far from any town. Villagers had to hike in the mountains. “I arrived at the school in an early evening, and was shocked. I had known the conditions were poor, but the reality was worse.” Moreover, local people needed to go downhill to buy daily necessities, and transport them back in their hands or balanced across their shoulders.(这个村庄坐落在群山之中，非常贫穷，远离任何城镇。村民们不得不在山里徒步旅行。“我很早就到了学校，吓了一跳。我知道条件很差，但现实更糟。”此外，当地人需要下山购买生活必需品，然后用手或肩膀扛着运回来)”可知，山里的村庄地理位置偏僻，条件很差，人们生活非常不便。因此，第三段主要是描绘山里艰苦的环境。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Zhi says seeing her students do well beyond the mountains is deeply rewarding.(支月英说，看到她的学生在大山之外取得好成绩是非常值得的)”可知，支月英对于自己教育的成果感到很满意，很有成就感。故选A项。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了在江西山区中做乡村教师的支月英的故事，过去的四十年中她一直致力于乡村教育，做出了巨大的贡献。由此可知，B项“乡村教育的贡献者”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。故选B项。
31．B 32．C 33．D 34．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了16岁的 Zita Nguyen 通过测试发现，公共厕所的热风烘干机会把微生物直接喷回在刚洗干净的手上。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But the hot-air hand dryers found in many public restrooms seem to spray microbes(微生物)right back onto clean skin. That’s what 16-year-old Zita Nguyen found by testing peopled freshly washed and dried hands.(但是在许多公共厕所发现的热风干手机似乎把微生物喷回到干净的皮肤上。这是16岁的 Zita Nguyen 通过测试刚洗干净的手发现的)”和第二段中“She showcased her findings this week at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). (本周，她在再生能源国际科学与工程博览会（ISEF）上展示了自己的发现)”可推知，第一段主要是为了总结Zita的发现，故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第三段“Toilets in public restrooms seldom have lids. So flushing them sprays the germs from body waste into the air. That same air is drawn into those electric hand dryers. These machines provide a nice warm home in which microbes can grow, Zita says. Cleaning the inside of these machines can be difficult, she adds.(公共厕所很少有盖子。因此，冲洗厕所会将粪便中的细菌从排泄物带到空气中。同样的空气被吸入那些电动干手机。齐塔说，这些机器提供了一个温暖的家，微生物可以在这里生长。她补充说，清洗这些机器的内部可能很困难)”可知，公共厕所很少有盖子，干手机是温暖的，清洗这干手机内部很困难，这些导致用干手机烘干手时会将细菌带来手上，C项“人们经常忘记洗手”不是其中一个原因，故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Right after this drying, Zita swabbed (用拭子擦)their hands for germs. Then she rubbed the swabs onto petri dishes filled with nutrients that would fuel a microbe’s growth. She housed these dishes in an incubator(孵化器)for three days.(烘干之后，齐塔在他们手上擦拭细菌。然后，她把棉签擦在培养皿上，培养皿里充满了能够促进微生物生长的营养物质。她把这些盘子放在保温箱里放了三天)”和第三段提到“After each washing, they dried their hands using one of three different methods. (每次洗手后，他们用三种不同的方法中的一种烘干双手)”提到参与者用不同的方法烘干手可知，在实验中，Zita比较了不同的方法，故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““This is disgusting,” she now says. “I’m never going to use these machines again!”(“这太恶心了，”她现在说，“我再也不用这些机器了！”)”可推知，现在Zita对干手机的态度是消极的，故选A。

35．with 36．has seen 37．sitting/was sitting 38．blankly 39．to build 40．that 41．their 42．was founded 43．graduates 44．which

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国中学校长张桂梅的故事。
35．考查固定搭配。句意：中国中学校长张桂梅被授予“时代楷模”称号，以表彰她对女童教育的奉献精神。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配be honored with，意为“获得荣誉”。故填with。
36．考查谓语动词。句意：自2008年开办以来，它已经见证了1800多名学生升入大学和学院。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有Since it opened in 2008作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has seen。
37．考查非谓语动词/时态。句意：大约20年前，时任云南丽江华坪县乡村教师的张桂梅在去一个学生家的路上，注意到一个女孩坐在山坡上。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词sit是被修饰的名词girl主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动，作补语。也可以理解为noticed后面跟宾语从句，需要从句的谓语动词，用过去进行时，表示当时正在发生的动作，主语是girl，be动词用was。故填(was) sitting。
38．考查副词。句意：她茫然地凝视着太空。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰动词staring。故填blankly。
39．考查动词短语。句意：那场灾难性的邂逅说服了张桂梅建造一所免费的女子高中，目的是帮助打破女孩辍学、早婚和在偏远山区度过一生的魔咒。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语persuade sb. to do sth.，意为“说服某人做某事”。故填to build。
40．考查同位语从句。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，“women drop out of education, marry early and spend　　7　　(they) whole life in the remote mountain.”是解释前面名词spell的内容，是同位语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连词that引导。故填that。
41．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，作定语，修饰后面的名词短语whole life。故填their。
42．考查谓语动词。句意：经过多年的筹资，2008年，在华坪狮子山脚下，一所免费的公立高中——华坪女子中学成立，张桂梅是该校的校长。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词found和主语a free public high school是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是a free public high school，be动词用was。故填was founded。
43．考查名词的数。句意：几十年来，共有1800余名毕业生被大学录取，这被视为偏远地区的“奇迹”，因为在学校成立之前，大多数学生的学业表现不佳。分析句子结构和意思可知，名词graduate前面有More than 1,800修饰，所以用复数形式。故填graduates。
44．考查定语从句。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
45．Dear David,
How are you doing? I have received your email. Now let me tell you about the trip to the beautiful village in the suburb of our city last Saturday.
At 7:00 in the morning, all the students and teachers of our class set off from our school and after half an hour’s ride, we got to our destination. Rows of new houses greeted us as we approached the village. Then we saw the village with trees and grass here and there and clear rivers flowing around it. We visited the vegetable greenhouses, where the farmers told us they had become rich by selling vegetables and watermelons. At last we chatted with other farmers to know about their present life.
The beauty of the village made a deep impression on me. It is amazing that such great changes have taken place in the countryside.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国网友David回一封电子邮件，介绍班级上周六到郊区美丽村庄的旅游活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
出发：set off→depart
接近：approach→come near
留下深刻印象：make a deep impression on→leave a deep impression on
了不起的：amazing→marvelous
2.句式拓展
简单句变强调句
原句：At 7:00 in the morning, all the students and teachers of our class set off from our school and after half an hour’s ride, we got to our destination.
拓展句：It was at 7:00 in the morning that all the students and teachers of our class set off from our school and after half an hour’s ride, we got to our destination.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We visited the vegetable greenhouses, where the farmers told us they had become rich by selling vegetables and watermelons. (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] It is amazing that such great changes have taken place in the countryside. (运用了it作形式主语和that引导的主语从句)
46．Just at the moment, Mom appeared at the door. It was cruel for the dog to remain caught in the rain all night, so Mom agreed to let her in. Mom told Billy that the dog was an excellent dog and it was lucky for him if he owned one. But such a loyal creature was a treasure of her former owner. The owner must be very disappointed and anxious to have lost her. She suggested that he should find the owner as soon as possible. And Billy agreed.
The next morning, Billy put up notices in the park to find the dog owner. A few days later, a man called Thomas came to Billy’s house. “Come. Molly !” Thomas shouted joyfully as soon as he saw his dog. He cried, bending down to try to get her attention. Molly responded with an approving bark and approached Thomas, licking his hand. Thomas and some of his friends had been looking for Molly for weeks, but she was nowhere to be found. Thomas realized that he may have lost her forever until he saw the notices. Thomas thanked Billy for having taken good care of Molly for days.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述比利在散步时遇到一只流浪狗，喂食之后，就偷偷跟着他回家了，当比利发现时，征求妈妈是否要收养它，但是因为家庭贫寒妈妈拒绝了。这时暴雨来临。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“正在这时，妈妈出现在门口。”可知，本段可以写妈妈让狗狗进屋躲雨，并提出找到狗主人的想法。
由第二段首句内容“第二天早上，比利在公园里贴出寻人启事。”可知，本段可以写狗主人看到寻人启事来到比利的家里，狗狗见到主人之后很开心，以及主人对比利的感谢。
2. 续写线索：妈妈同意狗狗进屋——妈妈建议找到狗主人——张贴告示——狗主人出现——狗狗和主人都很开心——狗主人表示感谢
3. 词类激活
行为类
告诉：tell/inform
建议：suggest/advise/recommend/propose
寻找：look for/search for/hunt for
情绪类
失望的：disappointed/dejected
焦虑的：anxious/concerned/worried
开心地：joyfully/delightedly/pleasurably/merrily
【点睛】【高分句型1】She suggested that he should find the owner as soon as possible. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型1】Thomas realized that he may have lost her forever until he saw the notices. (运用了that引导的宾语从句以及until引导的时间状语从句)