（新）外研版英语必修第三册课时作业：语法填空专练（含解析）

专题训练

课时作业19　语法填空专练

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1

Chinese researchers have planned to build an airport in Antarctica in November. The Chinese __1__ (be) not very used to flying to the southernmost continent because the country's first polar plane, the Snow Eagle 601, __2__ (put) into use only three years ago.

Before the Snow Eagle 601, Chinese researchers traveled to the ice­covered land by ship, which took significantly __3__ (long) than flying. There are currently more than 20 airports in Antarctica, but none of them belong to China. The Snow Eagle 601 has to rely on Russian airports __4__ (take) off and land. That's __5__ the Chinese researchers decided to build their own. Building an airport in Antarctica is very different from building one elsewhere. The continent is covered by a __6__ (constant) moving layer of ice, so the builders must find somewhere that moves at the slowest possible pace and in a __7__ (fix) direction.

The builders managed to find a spot back in early 2017 following __8__ tough measuring process that took place in the storm­like polar winds. The next problem is the snow. The soft nature of snow makes __9__ a bad material for a runway. So the builders must use road roller­like __10__ (machine) to press the snow, which can be very time­consuming in extreme coldness.

本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述的是中国研究人员计划在南极洲建造一座机场的有关事宜。

1．are

解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国人不太习惯飞往最南端的大陆。这里在说一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时态，且主语是The Chinese，复数形式，故答案为are。

2．was_put

解析：考查时态和语态。句意：该国第一架极地飞机“雪鹰601”仅在三年前投入使用。此处句子主语是第三人称单数形式，与谓语动词put之间是一种被动关系，再根据three years ago可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was put。

3．longer

解析：考查比较级。根据than可知此空用比较级，故答案为longer。

4．to_take

解析：考查动词不定式。句意：雪鹰601必须依靠俄罗斯机场起飞和降落。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to take。

5．why

解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么中国的研究人员决定建造一个属于自己国家的飞机场的原因。结合句意可知此处是why引导的表语从句，故答案为why。

6．constantly

解析：考查词性转换。此处moving是形容词，意思是“移动的”，所以由副词来修饰形容词，故答案为constantly。

7．fixed

解析：考查形容词。句意：因此，建造者必须找到一个移动速度尽可能慢、方向固定的地方。fixed“固定的”，故答案为fixed。

8．a

解析：考查不定冠词。句意：2017年初，在经历了一个艰难的测量过程后，建造者们成功找到了一个地点，测量过程是在风暴般的极地风中进行的。结合句意可知答案为a。

9．it

解析：考查it的用法。句意：雪的柔软性质使它不适合作为跑道的材料。此处用it指代前面提到的snow。故答案为it。

10．machines

解析：考查名词复数。句意：因此，建筑工人必须使用像滚轴一样的机器来压雪，这在极端寒冷的环境中是非常耗时的。结合句意可知machine用复数形式，故答案为machines。

2

Worldwide, each person 15 years and older consumes 13.5 grams of pure alcohol per day, according to the World Health Organization. __1__ (consider) that nearly half of the world doesn't drink at all, that leaves the other half drinking up their share.

Alcohol can have __2__ significant effect on your good looks. First, it dehydrates (使脱水) you. That can leave your skin looking parched and wrinkled. It's also __3__ (link) to rosacea, a skin condition causing redness and swelling on your face.

While you're drinking, your liver (肝脏) __4__ (process) a single drink, which is on average an hour but varying for everyone; some of it leaves your body via your breath and sweat.

Another reason __5__ drinking can affect your looks has to do with sleep. __6__ even a little bit of alcohol can help you fall asleep __7__ (rapid), as the alcohol leaves the body, you may suffer the “rebound effect”. Instead of staying asleep, the body enters lighter sleep and wakefulness, which appears to get __8__ (bad) if one drinks more. A lack of sleep leads to dark circles, puffy eyes and stress. Keep it up and you're likely __9__ (see) more signs of aging and a much lower __10__ (satisfy) with your appearance.

So the next time you head to the pub for a tipple or two, remember: You could be paying a price for all that fun.

本文是一篇说明文。有人认为少量饮酒有益于健康，但是最近的研究发现，即使是少量饮酒，你也要付出一定的健康代价。

1．Considering

解析：考查介词。句意：考虑到世界上近一半的人根本不喝酒，剩下的一半人喝光了他们的那份。considering为介词，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，故填Considering。

2．a

解析：考查冠词。句意：酒精对你的美貌有很大的影响。have an effect表示“对……有影响”，effect前有以辅音音素开头的significant修饰，故填a。

3．linked

解析：考查固定搭配。句意：它也与酒糟鼻有关。be linked to表示“与……有关”，故填linked。

4．is_processing

解析：考查时态。句意：当你喝酒时，你的肝脏在处理每一口酒。根据“While you're drinking”可知，主句应使用现在进行时，表示两个动作同时发生，故填is processing。

5．why

解析：考查定语从句。句意：喝酒会影响容貌的另一个原因与睡眠有关。reason作先行词且关系词在从句中作原因状语，故填why。

6．Although/Though/While

解析：考查状语从句。句意：即使一点点酒精能帮助你快速入睡，当酒精离开你的身体时，你可能会受到反弹效应。根据句意可知主句与从句之间为让步关系，故填Although/Though/While。

7．rapidly

解析：考查副词。句意参考上题解析，修饰动词短语fall asleep用副词，故填rapidly。

8．worse

解析：考查形容词。句意：如果酒喝得更多，情况会变得更糟。根据本空后的“if one drinks more”可知此处应用形容词比较级，故填worse。

9．to_see

解析：考查不定式。句意：你可能会看到更多的衰老迹象，对你外表的满意度会低很多。be likely to do sth.表示“可能做某事”，故填to see。

10．satisfaction

解析：考查名词。句意参考上题解析，根据前面的冠词a与形容词lower可知，此处应用名词，故填satisfaction。

3

A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a heated discussion among netizens by asking people whether they were happy. The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones __1__ (include). Although people played jokes __2__ the answers, it did not take long __3__ they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.

It is certain that people's views on happiness __4__ (affect) greatly by their own life experience. Unfortunately, too many people refer to being rich as happiness and there is no sign of __5__ decrease in the number of those who are voluntarily at the mercy of wealth. Some people whose __6__ (intend) is to make big money appreciate __7__ (be) given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is __8__ their happiness lies. Some are eager to inherit their parents' property, especially those who are known as silver­spoon kids. Even worse, some would rather break the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune __9__ (legally)．

In my opinion, happiness is not about pursuing wealth merely but about admiring the beautiful things in life. Therefore, live your life __10__ the fullest and be happy.

本文是一篇记叙文。幸福不应该建立在金钱的基础上。

1．included

解析：考查非谓语。此处include 和ones之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式表示被包括。故答案为included。

2．on

解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：play jokes on“跟……开玩笑”。故答案为on。

3．before

解析：考查连词。考查固定句型it did not take long before...不久之后就……。故答案为before。

4．are_affected

解析：考查被动语态。people's views和affect之间是被动关系。人们的观点受到他们经历的影响。故答案为are affected。

5．a

解析：考查不定冠词。句意：不幸的是，太多的人把富有看作是幸福，并且那些自愿接受财富摆布的人也没有减少的迹象。结合句意可知答案为a。

6．intention

解析：考查名词。whose在定语从句中意思是“……的”，后面需接名词形式，故答案为intention。

7．being

解析：考查固定结构。动词appreciate后面跟doing作宾语，故答案为being。

8．where

解析：考查连接词。句意：相信这就是他们幸福的所在。分析句式可知，此处是表语从句，从句中lie并不缺宾语，所以用where作状语。故答案为where。

9．illegally

解析：考查副词。此处修饰seek their fortune需用副词形式，根据语境可知此处是非法获得财富。故答案为illegally。

10．to

解析：考查固定结构。live your life to the fullest充分享受你的生活。故答案为to。

4

The university of Birmingham, UK, announced that it would accept the Gaokao exam for high­flying Chinese students __1__ (wish) to join its undergraduate courses in 2019. High school students __2__ complete the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or Gaokao, with top grades can apply for direct entry into Birmingham degree programmes __3__ first completing a foundation year.

Gaokao, which __4__ (hold) across China in early June, is __5__ (increase) accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe. Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language __6__ (require)．

Professor Jon Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said, “I am __7__ (delight) that the university is now accepting the Gaokao. This gives the __8__ (bright)and best Chinese students __9__ opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a __10__ (globe) Top 100 university.”

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是关于中国高考的成绩被国外部分大学认可的有关事宜。

1．wishing

解析：考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：英国伯明翰大学宣布，2019年将接受中国优秀学生的高考成绩。此处是现在分词作后置定语，修饰学生，表示希望在伯明翰接受本科教育的学生，学生与希望是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故答案为wishing。

2．who

解析：考查定语从句。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无须先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。此处High school students是先行词，指人，空处在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。

3．without

解析：考查介词。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无须先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。介词without后面跟动名词作宾语，结合句意可知答案为without。

4．is_held

解析：考查时态和语态。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处指目前的一种客观事实，且定语从句的主语which(Gaokao)和hold之间是一种被动关系，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为is held。

5．increasingly

解析：考查词性转换。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处accepted是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为increasingly。

6．requirements

解析：考查名词复数。句意：伯明翰只会考虑那些在高考中至少取得总分80%的高分，并满足额外的学术和英语要求的高质量学生。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为requirements。

7．delighted

解析：考查形容词。句意：我很高兴这所大学现在接受高考。be delighted“感到高兴”，故答案为delighted。

8．brightest

解析：考查形容词最高级。根据the和best可知此处用形容词最高级，故答案为brightest。

9．an

解析：考查不定冠词。此处表示泛指，且opportunity以元音音素开头，故答案为an。

10．Global

解析：考查词性转换。此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为Global。

5

Inserting needles through the skin may sound scary，but acupuncture and moxibustion，two key components of __1__ (tradition)Chinese medicine (TCM)，are said to improve the patient's health and well­being.

__2__ (add)to UNESCO’s representative list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2010，acupuncture and moxibustion are __3__ (wide) practiced in China. Their format and practice have distinctive regional characteristics and they have a precious heritage based __4__ Chinese culture and science.

The theory of Chinese medicine believes the human body is a small universe with __5__ (it)own circulatory system. In this system，there are acupoints (穴位)connecting the channels. By stimulating these acupoints, the self­regulating functions of the human body can __6__ (promote). Acupuncture refers to the practice of inserting needles into the body of a patient at a certain angle and using  __7__ (technique) such as twisting and lifting the needles to excite acupoints __8__ (treat)diseases. Moxibustion normally refers to placing moxa (艾) directly on acupoints or holding moxa sticks at __9__ distance to warm the body.

In 1995, the World Health Organization published __10__ can be treated by acupuncture and moxibustion. TCM has become more and more accepted by other countries in the world.

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中医针灸。

1．traditional

解析：考查词性转换。此处Chinese medicine是名词，由形容词修饰，故答案为traditional。

2．Added

解析：考查过去分词作状语。句意：在2010年被添加到联合国教科文组织的人类非物质文化遗产列表之后，针灸在中国被广泛使用。此处句子主语acupuncture and moxibustion和add之间是一种被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故答案为Added。

3．widely

解析：考查词性转换。句意：在2010年被添加到联合国教科文组织的人类非物质文化遗产列表之后，针灸在中国被广泛使用。此处practiced是动词，由副词修饰，故答案为widely。

4．on

解析：考查固定搭配。句意：它们的形式和实践有独特的区域特征，并且它们包含着基于中国文化和科学为基础的宝贵遗产。固定搭配：be based on “以……为基础”。故答案为on。

5．its

解析：考查形容词性物主代词。此处own “自己的”与形容词性物主代词连用，故答案为its。

6．be_promoted

解析：考查被动语态。句意：通过刺激这些穴位可以提升人体的自我调节功能。此处应用被动语态，故答案为be promoted。

7．techniques

解析：考查名词复数。句意：针灸疗法指的是在一定角度将针插入病人的身体并使用技术，如扭动和拔出针刺激穴位来治疗疾病。此处用名词复数，故答案为techniques。

8．to_treat

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：针灸疗法指的是在一定角度将针插入病人的身体和使用技术，如扭动和拔出针刺激穴位来治疗疾病。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to treat。

9．a

解析：考查固定词组。句意：艾炙通常是指将艾直接放在穴位上或在一定距离内持有艾棒温暖身体。固定词组：at a distance“在远处，一定距离内”。故答案为a。

10．what

解析：考查宾语从句。句意：1995年，世界卫生组织发表了什么病可以接受针灸治疗。此处published是动词，后面是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，能引导宾语从句，且在句子中作主语的，表示事物的只能填what，故答案为what。

6

China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquettes (礼仪)”. According to __1__ (history) documents, as early as 2,600 years ago, this nation has already established a thorough set __2__ dining etiquettes. A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man __3__ (have) a drink in a bar. Chekhov said, “Before drinking from his cup, he held __4__ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bar tenders, __5__ (say) ‘qing (please)’．” This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, __6__ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip (一小口), he __7__ (eat) some food. Afterwards he handed me some Chinese coins to show __8__ (grateful). This is a rather interestingly polite nationality. This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person __9__ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt seriously with. The __10__ (important) the occasion, the more complex the procedures were.

这是一篇记叙文。文章通过俄国作家契诃夫与一位中国人在酒吧喝酒的故事来展示中国的餐桌礼仪。

1．historical

解析：考查形容词。句意：根据历史文献记载，早在2600年前，中国就建立了一套完整的餐桌礼仪。此处要用形容词形式修饰名词documents，故填historical。

2．of

解析：考查固定短语。短语a set of意为“一套”，a set of dining etiquettes 一套餐桌礼仪，故填介词of。

3．to_have

解析：考查固定用法。句意：19世纪俄国著名作家契诃夫曾经邀请一位中国男子去酒吧喝酒。邀请某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.，故填to have。

4．it

解析：考查代词。根据上一句可知，在喝杯子里的酒之前，他举起它并向大家致敬，此处要用代词it指代cup，故填it。

5．saying

解析：考查非谓语动词。他举起杯子的同时说“请”，此处的say要作伴随状语，故用saying。

6．but

解析：考查连词。根据上一句“他们不像我们一口就喝完了”和下一句“更喜欢一次喝一点”可知，两句之间是转折关系，故填but。

7．ate

解析：考查时态。根据语境文章讲述的是过去的事情，eat要用过去式，故填ate。

8．gratitude

解析：考查名词。句意：后来他递给了我一些中国硬币以表示他的感激。此处是作show的宾语，要用名词，故填gratitude。

9．that

解析：考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词是opinion，从句缺少主语，且先行词前用形容词的最高级修饰，只能用that引导，故填that。

10．more_important

解析：考查固定用法。固定结构the＋形容词的比较级，the＋形容词的比较级的含义是“越……，越……”，根据后半句的the more complex可知，此处填more important。

7

I had always considered acupuncture old­fashioned. But the drama of my recent strange illness and recovery changed my mind __1__ (complete)．

Last month, after sleeping through a flight, I discovered I couldn't move my right arm and fingers. The doctors diagnosed me with neural (神经的) injury. I was scared. Luckily, Richard, an acupuncturist, offered __2__ (help) me.

I started my acupuncture treatment. Dozens of tiny needles __3__ (insert) across my arm and fingers. I dared not move, because even a small change of position could cause a sharp pain. After a few days, I could move my fingers. Two weeks __4__ (go) by before I could eat a meal with chopsticks. Within a month, my arm and fingers were almost back to __5__ (they) normal functions.

In that clinic, I made friends with many other patients and heard their __6__ (story). One lady, who became deaf two months ago, has recovered her hearing abilities. I was very surprised at __7__ magic these tiny needles are.

Acupuncture originated in China 2,000 years ago. Essentially, it functions __8__ improving the smooth flow of life force energy, __9__ (know) in Chinese as “qi”. Although acupuncture may not cure all illnesses, at least it creates a good starting point for a healthy body. I hope the __10__ (wise) of acupuncture will continue to bring health to more friends.

本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直认为针灸过时了。但是最近奇怪的疾病和康复完全改变了他的想法。作者介绍了中国的针灸。

1．completely

解析：考查词性转换。句意：但是我最近奇怪的疾病和康复完全改变了我的想法。此处changed是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为completely。

2．to_help

解析：考查固定搭配。offer to do sth.“提供做某事”，由动词不定式作宾语，故答案为to help。

3．were_inserted

解析：考查被动语态。句意：几十根小针插在我的胳膊和手指上。此处句子主语needles为复数形式，与谓语动词insert之间是一种被动关系，再根据上文中Last month，可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为were inserted。

4．had_gone

解析：考查时态。句意：两个星期过去了，我才可以用筷子吃饭。结合句意可知句子用过去完成时态，故答案为had gone。

5．their

解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：不到一个月，我的手臂和手指几乎恢复了正常功能。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为their。

6．stories

解析：考查名词复数。句意：在那个诊所里，我和许多其他病人交朋友，听他们的故事。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为stories。

7．how

解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我对这些小针的魔力感到非常惊讶。此处是how引导的宾语从句，故答案为how。

8．by

解析：考查介词。句意：本质上，它是通过改善生命力量能量的平稳流动起作用，在中国被称为“气”。by doing sth.“通过做某事”，故答案为by。

9．known

解析：考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：本质上，它通过改善生命力量能量的平稳流动起作用，在中国被称为“气”。此处the smooth flow of life force energy，和know之间是一种被动关系，这里是过去分词作后置定语，故答案为known。

10．wisdom

解析：考查名词。句意：我希望针灸的智慧能继续为更多的朋友带来健康。根据the可知此处用名词形式，故答案为wisdom。

8

Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and __1__ (balance) diet. For most individuals, as __2__ result of eating foods rich in fats and sugar several years, they choose to go on a diet but do not succeed at the end. Be sure to be with a strong __3__ (aware) that you are __4__ you eat! Therefore, maintaining a healthy diet not only __5__ (provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits. One is that you will keep a healthy weight and is also the easiest and most __6__ (benefit) way in which you can be energetic and protect yourself __7__ a number of diseases when growing old. Another benefit is that you will meet your everyday nutritional __8__ (require). __9__ (Basic) speaking, you should ensure that you take the good amount of vegetables, grains, milk and proteins. In most cases, a healthy diet can help you decrease the risk of __10__ (get) some diseases like diabetes and cancer.

这是一篇健康类的文章，饮食可以反映出一个人的性格和生活习惯，保持健康的体重让身体充满活力，同时带来许多益处。

1．balanced

解析：形容词修饰名词，balance的形容词形式是balanced。

2．a

解析：as a result of 为固定搭配，由于……的结果。

3．awareness

解析：形容词修饰名词，故用aware的名词形式awareness。

4．what

解析：You are what you eat.饮食可以反映出一个人的性格和生活习惯。

5．provides

解析：maintaining a healthy diet为动名词作主语，动词用第三人称单数形式。

6．beneficial

解析：形容词修饰名词。beneficial为形容词，意为“有益处的”。

7．from/against

解析：protect...from/against：保护……以免……。

8．requirement(s)

解析：形容词修饰名词。requirement为名词，意为“要求”。

9．Basically

解析：固定搭配basically speaking：从根本上讲。

10．getting

解析：介词of后动词用动名词形式。