【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第13讲 应用文写作 讲学案

第13讲 应用文写作

1. 复习高一应用文写作和提前预习高二常见应用文文体写法
2. 掌握常见应用文写作策略和写作技巧

1.文体形式

纵观历年高考试卷可以看出，书面表达题采用指导性写作或控制性写作结合开放式作文的形式，指导性写作大多通过提纲、图画、图表等方式限定内容、人称、时态、字数、文体等，自由发挥的空间不大。开放式作文通常可自由发挥，表明自己独特的看法或观点。《考试大纲》把高考英语作文定义为“情景表达”。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。从近五年高考书面表达考查方式分布表来看，情景提供形式以提纲为主流，多以书信形式呈现。

书信是高考英语书面表达中比较常见的考查方式。在文体上,书信包括商务信函和私人信函。从内容方面说,书信包括邀请信、感谢信、投诉信、建议信、慰问信、介绍信、自荐信、咨询信、求助信和求职信等。在格式上有些比较正式,有些则随意一些。

2，题材特点

(1) 题材贴近学生生活。

(2) 突出考查考生实际运用语言的能力。现实感强，情景逼真，易于动笔。考生读完题以后，觉得有好多话可写，具有一定的挑战性。

3. 解题步骤

（1）全面审题、文体格式，主题人称。

（2）列好提纲，理顺要点,添加过渡，使用高级结构，提高写作档次。

（3）工整誊写，仔细检查。

4.写作技巧

1. 正确性：书面表达必须坚持正确第一的原则，保证所写句子在语法上、结构上是正确的、得体的，尤其是文章的开头和结尾。

2. 条理性：在确保正确的前提下，适当运用一些连接词或连接句，使文章条理清晰。同时还要学会分段，使用三段式。

3. 多样性：在确保正确的前提下，要追求句型表达的多样性。

4. 复杂性：在确保正确的前提下，要追求词汇词组及句型的复杂性。

5. 规范性：要用黑色笔答题，不乱涂乱划，不超出答题区域，字迹要端正，标点符号不乱用。

考点1：求职信高级表达

1.apply for 申请                     2.hold an important position in… 在…占据重要位置

3.be admitted into… 被…录取      4.e-mail sb. at… 按…地址给某人发电子邮件

5.in addition 此外                    6.experienced 有经验的 promising 有希望的

7.since my graduation/graduating from 自从我从…毕业以来

8.be accepted 被接受                 9.reach/realize/accomplish one’s dream/aim/goal 实现理想/目标

例1．【翻译】

e.g. Tom used to hold an important position in this company.

_____________________________________________________________

 e.g. Please e-mail me at Redstarhotel@sina.com.

_____________________________________________________________

考点2：求助信

1.challenge 挑战                         2.facing 面临（常置于句首作状语）

3.faced with 面临（常置于句首作状语）    4.beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事        

5.beg sb. of sth. 恳求某人提供某物         e.g. Can I beg you of your help?

6.beg sb. for sth. 向某人恳求某物           7.average 一般的

8.follow one’s advice 采纳某人的建议       9.make progress 取得进步

10.have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难   11.have trouble in doing sth. 做某事很费力

12.take trouble to do sth. 费力地做某事 e.g. I usually take trouble to understand the text.

13.help sb. out of difficulty 帮助某人摆脱困境   14.would like sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事

例2．【翻译】

e.g. Facing  so much pressure, she didn’t know what to do.

e.g. Faced with so much pressure, she could hardly stand it.

 e.g. I’ll follow your advice and try to do my work well.

e.g. I’m sure with your help I’ll make greater progress in my English study.

e.g. I have much difficulty in my English study.

考点3：调查报告

1.make up 占 e.g. The smokers make up half of the total number of the workers.

2.compared with 和…相比  e.g. Compared with boys, girls are easier to become fat.

3.increase 上升 decrease 下降

4.go up 上升 drop down 下降   e.g. Recently the temperature here has been going up.

5.a quarter of 四分之一 three quarters of 四分之三

e.g. A quarter of the villagers have grown rich on selling vegetables.

6.…times as…as… 是…的…倍

7.…times higher/longer than… 比…高/长…倍  e.g. This bridge is three times longer than that one.

8.take place 发生

9.take on a new look 呈现新面貌   e.g. Now, the town takes a new look.

10.as many/high/long as+数词 多/高/长达…  e.g. As many as ten students are late today.

11.more or less 大约 

12.with the development of 随着…的发展

例3【翻译】

e.g. With the development of industry and agriculture, this town will become more and more beautiful.

 e.g. There are sixty students more or less in this class.

e.g. The number of the students who often play computer games is increasing.

e.g. Compared with boys, girls are easier to become fat.

e.g. This year they have produced three times as many cars as they did last year.

e.g. In recent years great changes have taken place in the village.

考点4：人物介绍

1. be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事   e.g. I know that she is always ready to help others.

2.fasionable 时尚的 humorous 幽默的 gentle 文雅的

3.such is 这就是（用于对人物介绍作总结） e.g. Such is our English teacher, a kind and hardworking man.

4.be elected a model… 被选为模范      e.g. His mother is often elected a model worker.

5.be deeply respected and loved 深受人们尊敬和爱戴    6.win great honor for…为…赢得巨大荣誉

7.break/keep the record of… 打破/保持…纪录     8.set a new record 创造新纪录

例4【翻译】

*As you can imagine, it is very difficult to learn math.

 I stayed at her home for a week, during which time I discussed many problem with her.

 This is the girl without whom I couldn’t have won the big prize.

 This is the boy with whose sister I have already worked for ten years.我和他姐姐已经一起工作了10年。

考点5：地点介绍

1.lie in the center of 位于…的中心          2.such as 诸如

3.lie in the east/west/south/north of… 位于…的东/西/南/北部

4.lie (to)/on the east/west/south/north of… 位于…的东/西/南/北边[两地(不)接壤]

5.cover on area of 覆盖…的面积      e.g. Our city covers an area of 10000 square kilometers.

6.have a population of 有…人口

7.be high/rich in 含有丰富的…    e.g. This small country is high/rich in natural resources.

8.a … with green hills and beautiful rivers

eg. This is a village with green hills and beautiful rivers.

9.be famous/well-known for 因…出名

eg. As we all know, Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.

例5【单句填空】

*So long as you get there in time, you can see him.只要你及时赶到那里，你就能看到他。

 I put a bookmark where I had a question.我在有问题的地方放了一张书签。

 Our school lies where there used to be a church.过去在我们学校所在的地方有一座教堂。

考点6：邀请信

邀请信（校园活动）文章的基本框架：

这类书面表达的一般写作格式为：

1.Beginning ____问候，自我介绍；写作背景，写作目的____ 

                Point 1____时间，地点（表达法）        

 2.Body   Point 2________活动安排          

                  Point 3_________欢迎他表演节目或活动目的_________

 3.Ending ____希望，感谢（问候），期待

Step 2教学过程

 话题词汇(汉译英）

1．___________________ 邀请

2．___________________裁判，评委

3．___________________节日

4．___________________比赛

5．___________________日程表

6. ___________________安排

7. ___________________举办

8. ___________________目的

9. ___________________参加

10. ___________________表演

11.___________________活动

12. ___________________期待

13.__________________希望

14. ___________________主题

15. ___________________考虑

16. ___________________感激

答案：

1．___________________ 邀请invite

2．___________________裁判，评委judge

3．___________________节日festival

4．___________________比赛competition

5．___________________日程表schedule

6. ___________________安排arrange

7. ___________________举办hold

8. ___________________目的purpose

9. ___________________参加take part in

10. ___________________表演performance

11.___________________活动activity

12. ___________________期待look forward to

13.__________________希望hope

14. ___________________主题theme

15. ___________________考虑consider

16. ___________________感激appreciate

话题句式（英译汉）

一．【邀请信审题分析-写作要点归纳】

第一段：问候+（自我介绍）+背景信息+写作目的

 问候：How are you doing?/How is everything going?/How is it going?

背景信息：1.从句引出（I’m delighted to tell you …）

2. 直接表达：Our school will hold a/an…/Our class plan to visit…

写作目的：I’m writing to invite you to join us./I would invite you to join us.

第二段：主干要点（活动介绍+拓展句）

拓展的范围：活动安排：活动名称、活动时间、地点、内容、参加人员、活动的作用或目等

活动地点：…will be held in/on/at…

活动时间：…will start at/be scheduled to start at /on…/this /next/last Sunday

活动内容：there will be various activities/performances (such as)…

         some famous artists will offer some courses on…

         Our headmaster will deliver a speech on…

参加人员：All the teachers and students will attend.

活动作用或目的：aim to/in order to/not only …but also

第三段:邀请+期待答复

希望参加或邀请

I sincerely hope you will take the chance.

I sincerely expect you to come.

I hope you will accept my invitation and I believe you will have a great time there.

期待答复 Looking forward to your early reply.

例6【写作模板】

Dear___________,

       How is everything going? I’m _______ from China.I'm more than delighted to inform you that ___________________will hold _______________. So I'm writing to invite you to join us.

       At the beginning of the activity,__________________ will start _______________________. After that, there will be various fantastic performances played by talented and excellent people. Besides,_________________________, which will help you _____________.I am sure you will have a really good time there.

       I do hope that you can join us . Please feel free to ask me if you have any questions.I'm looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

升级模板：

Dear_______,

 Knowing you are fascinated by _________ （非谓语解释说明背景）, I am extremely delighted to invite you to _________ （邀请事宜）. Here are some details concerning it.

 As scheduled, the_______ (活动) will be in_______  (地点) on ________(举办日期), which will last for __________(定语从句进一步解释说明持续时间). During the exhibition, a wide range of activities will be held, enabling you to have a better understanding of Chinese traditional culture. To begin with, it will provide you with a platform to ________(具体活动1). Additionally, what you will also enjoy is ________ （具体活动2）. I’m confident that you will have a wonderful time.

 I sincerely hope that you can attend the_______ (活动) . Please confirm your presence at your earliest convenience. Your early reply will be highly appreciated.

Yours,

Li Hua

考点7：演讲稿

1．___________________ 环境

2．___________________平衡

3．___________________污染

4．___________________能源

5．___________________重复使用

6. ___________________缺少

7. ___________________供应不足

8. ___________________节水习惯

9. __________________自然资源

10. ___________________灾难

11.___________________生态系统

12. ___________________濒危的

13.__________________可回收的

14. ___________________职责

15. ___________________关注

16. ___________________意识

答案：

1．___________________ 环境environment

2．___________________平衡balance

3．___________________污染pollute

4．___________________能源energy

5．___________________重复使用reuse

6. ___________________缺少shortage

7. ___________________供应不足be in short supply

8. ___________________节水习惯water-saving habit

9. __________________自然资源natural resources

10. ___________________灾难disaster

11.___________________生态系统ecosystem

12. ___________________濒危的endangered

13.__________________可回收的recyclable

14. ___________________职责duty

15. ___________________关注pay attention to

16. ___________________意识awareness

例7【单句填空】

Hi, everyone/Ladies and gentlemen!

①       自我介绍；②；③；④；⑤举措二；⑥举措三；⑦举措四。

 I'm 自我介绍. It's my great honor to be here to 表示荣幸并引出话题.

As we all know, 分析问题，展开论述. Therefore, it's high time we did something about it.

Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to 举措一 .  Secondly, new methods need to be 举措二.

Thirdly, we must举措三. Last but not least, it's everyone's responsibility to 举措四.

That's all. Thank you.

（全国卷3）假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：

1. 时间；
2. 活动安排
3. 欢迎他表演节目

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

【参考范文】

Dear Allen,

How is everything going ?Our school will hold a music festival next Sunday morning in the school hall .And I’m writing to invite you to join us.

The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 am, and the schoolmaster will deliver a speech.Then there will be various fantastic performances played by talented students.You are definitely welcome to show up on stage,which will add color and fun to our festival.

I hope you will accept my invitation and I believe you will have a great time there.Looking forward to your early reply.

 Best wishes.

                                                                     Yours,

                                                                  Li Hua

（全国卷1）假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：

1．写信目的：

2．个人优势：

3．能做的事情。

【参考范文】

Dear Sir or Madam,

 ①Being a student from China, I’m writing this letter to apply for the voluntary position in  our local gallery where voluntary workers are in great demand. ②And I’m really willing to expect you can consider me into this position.

 Given that I can speak both English and fluent Chinese and I’m outgoing, sociable and responsible, I do believe I’m suitable for this position. ③In addition, through this, Not only can I improve my oral English but I can introduce Chinese painting and calligraphy culture to visitors from all over the world. ④I would also would like to hold this opportunity to deepen visitors’ understanding of China and its painting and calligraphy culture. I hope it’s possible to be accepted as a volunteer of our gallery.              

         Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated.

                                                                     Yours,

                                                                  Li Hua

假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：

1.展览时间、地点；

2.展览内容。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考范文：

Dear Henry，

I’m Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you’re interested in one of Chinese traditional art forms — paper­cutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it.

It’ll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to 7：00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like.

You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which paper­cutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of paper­cuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting.

Looking forward to your early reply.

                                                                       Yours,

Li Hua

假如你叫李华，学校学生会主席。为迎接3月21日世界森林日（World Forest Day）的到来，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，号召全校师生保护地球森林资源。

要点如下：

1、森林的重要性。

2、如何保护好地球上的森林。

注意：

1、字数80左右；

2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3、开头和结尾己给出，不计入总词数。

Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen,

It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech about how to protect our forest in the earth.    

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you for your listening!

【答案】

Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen,

      It’s generally accepted that forest has the functions of cooling off global temperature, refreshing the air, preserving soil and water, protecting the nature links and so on. The forest is also the key to solving the severe environmental problems.

We should do something to protect the forest.First, stop cutting down the forest blindly. If we really have to, plant more trees. Second, the government should do something to enhance people’s awareness of forest protection. Last but not the least, we can reduce the use of paper.

To protect the forest is to protect ourselves. Without the forest, we could not live on the earth either.

Thank you for your listening!

【解析】

【导语】

本篇书面表达属于一篇应用文。假如考生叫李华，学校学生会主席。为迎接3月21日世界森林日（World Forest Day）的到来，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，号召全校师生保护地球森林资源。。

【详解】

1.词汇积累：

盲目地：blindly→without destination

提高，增强：enhance→improve→strengthen

减少：reduce→decrease→lessen→cut down on

意识：awareness→consciousness

2.句式拓展：

同义句转化

原句：Second, the government should do something to enhance people’s awareness of forest protection.

拓展句：Second, something should be done by the government to enhance people’s awareness of forest protection.

【点睛】

【高分句型1】

It’s generally accepted that the forest has the functions of cooling off the global temperature, refreshing the air, preserving soil and water, protecting the nature links and so on.（这句话使用了that引导的主语从句。）

【高分句型2】If we really have to, plant more trees.（这句话使用了if引导的条件状语从句。）