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第05讲名词性从句

掌握名词性从句的三要素和类型判定。
掌握名词性从句中引导词的意义和用法

1. 引入：

有一个包括5个that的英语句子对吗？

He said (that) that "that" that he used was wrong.

I think that that “that ” that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.

定义：

英语名词性从句成分是根据从句在主句中的位置划分的，任何一个句子，一旦处于主句某个成分的位置上，它就成了相应的.....语从句。
二. 引导词的作用：

1. that

2. if/ whether

3. who/whom/whose/what

4. why/where/when/how/how many

连词	that/whether/if /because	连接，不在从句中作成分
连接代词	what/which/who/whom/whose/whatever/…	连接且作主、宾、定语等
连接副词	when/where/why/how	连接且做状语

注意：

1．what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“……的”，在从句中用来作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

2．wh－ever引导名词性从句时，其作用等同于其前面的连接词，意为“任何……”或“无论……”，含有强调的语气。

三．名词性从句分类:

名词性从句的判断：根据从句在整句话所作的成分来判断。

1. When we will start is not clear.________从句

2. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.___________从句

3. My idea is that we should do it right now. __________从句

4. We heard the news that our team had won. ___________从句

注意：名词性从句高考考查

①引导词的选择与判断；在主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if

②词序：陈述语序；

③时态：注意主从句时态的呼应
四．名词性从句三步曲：一分二划三看
1. “一分”即分清从句类型

2、“二划”即划分出从句（用括号表示从句）

3、“三看”即看从句句意是否完整

1）句意不完整，选连接代词

2）句意完整，选连接副词

考点一：主语从句：在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。

1. That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.

2. Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.

3. What he said is not true .

一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免"头重脚轻"，常用it作形式主语，从而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：

常考考向1：在实际应用中，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语that从句后置

It + be + 形容词＋ that从句

It is necessary/ important /that… 有必要/重要的是…

注意：此时从句语气要用虚拟语气：(should) +v.(原形)，should可以省略。

Eg. It is necessary that a new plan should be designed at once.

It + be + -ed分词＋ that从句

It is believed/said that… 人们相信/说…

It is known to us/all that …. 众所周知…

It has been decided that…… 已经决定……

Eg. It’s reported that no one was killed in the earthquake.

拓展：It is suggested that…“建议…” 从句用虚拟语气(should + v.原), should 可以省。

It was suggested that we should start earlier at the meeting.

It + be + 名词/形容词/过去分词＋ that从句

It is common knowledge that… …是常识

It is a surprise/pity… that …. 令人惊奇/遗憾的是…

It is a pity that we can’t go.

It + 不及物动词＋ that从句

It appears that… 似乎…

It happens that …. 碰巧…

It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……

常考考向2：在实际应用中，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语wh-词引导的主语从句后置

It doesn’t make any difference whether ......or not.

It remains to be seen whether.............

例1．【单句填空】

It is said/reported…that= Sb is said/reported…to do/to be doing/to have done.

The bad weather is reported _______ the passenger plane crash in Iran on January 9．

A． to contribute to B． contributing to C． contributed to D． to have contributed to

2.________is the most important in life is that we should always be confident about the future.

A. Who B. Which C. That D. What

【答案】D

【解析】

考查主语从句。句意：生活中最重要的是我们总是要对未来充满信心。分析句子可知，空处引导一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“最重要的事情”，应用连接代词what引导。故选D项。

3.It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park.

A. whether B. how C. if D. when

【答案】A

【解析】

考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系——两条路都到公园。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，it做形式主语，从句中不缺少成分，缺少“是否”的意思，并且后面由or，一般和whether连用，故选A。

考点二：表语从句

连接词that，whether，as, as if, because

1) The reason for his absence was that he was ill.

他缺席是因为他生病了。

2) It looks as if it is going to rain.

看起来天要下雨了。

3) It may be because he is too young.

这可能是因为他太年轻了。

4) 区别：That's because/why......

From space,the earth looks blue. This is 　　　　about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%被水覆盖。

The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless. 他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。

　　【答案】because

例2．【单句填空】

1. The question is ____the film is worth seeing.

A. if B. what C. whether D. how

2. The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed.

A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because

3. _______ I can’t understand is _______ she wants to change her mind.

A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because

4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s ______ I got wet all through.

A. how B. because C. why D. that

5. He is absent today. That’s ______ he is ill.

A. when B. because C. why D. that

考点三：同位语从句

连接词that（重点），whether，

1）We heard the news that our team had won.

我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

2）There is some doubt whether he will come.

他是否会来还不一定。

3）There is no doubt that you should practice speaking English every day.

毫无疑问，你应该每天练习说英语。

总结： there be 句型相关的同位语从句

1) There is no doubt that...

2) There is no possibility/chance that...

3) There is some evidence that....

4) 区别It is no wonder that....

例3．【单句填空】

活学活用：

I have come to the conclusion _________it was unwise to do that.

2. Along with the letter was his promise___ he would visit me this coming Christmas

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

3. ___is no possibility ___Bob can win the first prize in the match.

A. there； that B. it ；that C. there ，whether D. it ； whether

4.（天津卷）There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that B. which C until D of

5. Information has been put forward ____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while B. that C. when D. as

6. —— It's thirty years since we last met.

------ But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ___ we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which B. that C. what D. when

7. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

考点四：宾语从句

宾语从句的连接词

三句话：陈述句用that(可省略），特殊疑问句用疑问词，一般疑问句用if 或whether,表是否

1）宾语从句如果是陈述句，用that连接, 无意义，可省略，但是作为主语不能省略。

He said that he would go to the zoo the next day.（that可以省略）

She says that is a useful book 她说那是一本有用的书（that连词同时作主语，不能省略）

2）宾语从句是一般疑问句，要用if 和whether连接，if常用于口语，whether常用语书面语，一般情况下可以互换

I wonder if/whether it will rain tomorrow我想知道明天是否会下雨

注意：

以下情况一般只用whether不用if。

1) 后接带to的动词不定式，只能用whether。

I don’t know whether to do the task.

2)与or not连用时,只能用whether。

I’m not sure whether or not he will come back tomorrow.

3) 所引导的从句作介词的宾语时，只能用whether。

It depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.

4）当引导的宾语从句位于句首，表示强调时，只能用whether。

Whether he will succeed , I am not sure.

他是否能成功，我不确定

3、宾语从句是特殊疑问句，连词要用特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句，疑问词放句首，后面是陈述句语序

此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：

He doesn't tell me what color he likes（作宾语）

他没有告诉我他喜欢什么颜色。

注意：特殊疑问词作主语，问句本身就是陈述句语序，变宾语从句无需调语序

Do you know what is the matter with him？你知道他怎么了吗？

Do you know what happened ?你知道发生了什么事？

Do you know who is in the classroom?你知道谁在教室里

例4．【针对练习】

引导词的运用（that可省；if可以引导宾语从句）

(1) I don’t know ___________or not.

A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home

(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.

A. which B. whether C. if D. that

(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in.

A. which B. where C. if D. that

(4) --- Do you know _______ Mr. Black’s address is?

--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m not sure of ______.

A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where

（2021·新高考I卷·T1）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road". is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.

【答案】what

【解析】

考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填What。

2.I always read newspapers backwards because the back pages are ______ the sport is.

A. that B. where C. how D. what .

【答案】B

【解析】

考察名词性从句。句意：我总是倒着看报纸，因为报纸的后页是关于运动的。分析句子可知，表语从句“______ the sport is”中缺少地点状语，故选B。

3.Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _______ you are afraid to do.

A. whether B. which C. how D. what

【答案】D

【解析】

考查宾语从句连词。句意：振作起来，勇气就是做你害怕做的事。A. whether是否；B. which 哪一个；C. how怎样；D. what什么。根据句意及句子结构可知，Courage is doing后跟宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少宾语，且意为“......的事情”，应用连接代词what。故选D项。

4.Evolution is the answer to ________ new species of plants and animals come to exist.

A. what B. when C. which D. how

【答案】D

【解析】

考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：进化是新的动植物物种如何出现的答案。A. what什么；B. when何时；C. which哪一个；D. how怎么，如何。分析可知空格所在的句子是一个宾语从句，且从句的主干成分完成，故用连接副词，排除A、C两项，根据句意此处指动植物是如何进化出来的，故用连接副词how。故选D。

Your support is important to our work. 　　　　you can do helps.

Whatever　从句中动词do缺少宾语,且引导主语从句,结合语境可知,此处用whatever。

6.　　　　　　 they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them. 从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。

7.　　　　　　 struck me most in the movie was the father?s deep love for his son. 影片中最打动我的是这位父亲对他儿子深深的爱。

【答案】①That　②What

It suddenly occurred to me 　　　　I hadn’t locked my door.

that　It occurs/occurred to sb that... 是固定句型,意思是“某人突然想起某事”,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。

9.It doesn't matter __________ you turn left or right at the crossing — both roads lead to the park.

10.Perhaps in the Longji Rice terraces, _____ is the most significant is the way that people have worked in harmony with nature.

9.答案：whether

解析：句意：你在十字路口向左拐还是向右拐都没有关系——两条路都通向公园。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，空格处引导主语从句。主语从句的连接词与句中的or呼应，构成"whethr...or..."表示"是……还是……。

10.答案：what
解析：句意为:也许在龙脊梯田,最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处的方式。此处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语,且指物,故填what。

空白处填入1个适当的单词。

1.Evidence has been found through years of study _______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

2. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.

3. The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.

4. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

5. —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favourite universities.

6. There is no doubt ______ teachers play an important role in children's growth.

1.【答案】that

【解析】

考查同位语从句。句意：通过多年的研究已经发现了孩子们早期的睡眠问题可能随着长大会继续的证据。通过分析句子结构可知，这个句子中包含一个同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，用that连接同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，且没有实际意义，填that。

2. that。连词that引导同位语从句对名词belief起解释说明作用。故答案是that。

3. that。连词that引导同位语从句对名词notice起解释说明作用。故答案是that。

4. that。连词that引导同位语从句对名词Evidence起解释说明作用。故答案是that。

5. why。have no idea后面可以是what, who, when等连接词，取决于语境。故答案是why。

6. that。There is no doubt that…表示“毫无疑问的是”，that引导同位语从句。故答案是that。

单句改错

下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

1. This is that my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

2. The gold medal will be awarded to whomever wins the first place in the bicycle race.

3. By boat is the only way to get here, which is where we arrived.

4. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.

5. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of which it used to charge.

6. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

7. Every year, who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

8. She asked me when I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.

9. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is what one can be entirely free from dust.

10. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing that where she was heading.

【答案】

1. that改为what 2. whomever改为whoever 3. where改为how 4. 去掉that 5. which改为what 6. where改为when 7. who改为whoever 8. when改为if/whether 9. what改为 that 10. 去掉that

不同语境中长难句名词性从句的使用

What引导的名词性从句最显眼

1） I‘m writing to thank you for what you have done for me.