【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第11讲 Unit5 词汇和七选五阅读 讲学案

第11讲 Unit 5 Revealing nature

1. 提前预习新外研版选择必修一Unit5的词汇和阅读
2. 掌握高二阅读长难句分析方法和七选五阅读（说明文）解题方法

一．重点词汇学习

1.distant adj.             

2.seed n.              

3.muddy adj              

4.disgrace n.              

5.geologist n.              

6.sample  n.              

7. evolve            

8. suspect v.              

9.ancestor n.              

10.generate v.             

11.characteristic n.             

12.decline             

13. blame            

14. goat             

15.assignment n.              

16 primitive adj.              

17.worldwide             

18.giant adj.              

19.comb-like              

20.spine             

21.myth             

22. legend n.              

23.detect vt.              

24.pesticide n.              

25.root n.              

26.chilli n.              

27. link             

28.graduate n. & v.              

29.conclude v.               

30.fungal adj.              

31. cybercrime              

32 centimetre n.              

重点词汇答案见教材词汇表

二．重点短语

1．date back to 追溯到

2．be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事

3．answer the call 响应号召

4．of all time 有史以来

5．in question 讨论(议论)中的

6．be crowded with 挤满

7．come to exist 产生

8．adapt to 适应

9．be native to 源于……的，原产于……

10．be home to 是……的栖息地/家乡

11．so far 到目前为止

12．carry out 完成(任务)；执行；实施

13．drive...away 驱赶走……

考点1：suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得　n．嫌疑人

要点归纳

suspect sth  怀疑某事

suspect sb of (doing) sth  怀疑某人有(做)某事的嫌疑

suspect that...  怀疑……；觉得……

例1．【单句填空】

(1)One of the suspects(suspect) resigned after being suspected of theft.

(2)I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me.

(3)He suspected(suspect) nothing and walked right into the trap.

句式升级

(4)Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the trap.[用分词作状语升级句(3)]

考点2：decline v．减少；下降；衰落；婉言谢绝　n．衰落，衰败；减少；下降

要点归纳

(1)decline an offer/invitation  谢绝对方的主动帮助/邀请

decline to do sth  谢绝/拒绝做某事

(2)decline in...  在……(方面)的下降

be in decline  处于下降/衰退中

on the decline  在衰退；在没落中；在消减

 语法要领

表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。

例2．【单句填空】

(1)His request to meet the captains was declined(decline) yesterday.

(2)She declined to have(have) dinner with us because she had something to attend to.

(3)The number of tourists to the scenic spot has declined by 10% in recent years to 5 million.

(4)The number of people who don't observe traffic rules has been on the decline since the new regulations came into effect.

补全句子

(5)I can only decline your invitation, because I am occupied in preparing for my final exam.

我只能谢绝你的邀请，因为我在忙于准备期末考试。

考点3：　blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于　n．过失；责备

要点归纳

(1)blame sb for sth  因某事责备某人

blame sth on sb/sth  将某事归咎于某人/某物

be to blame (for sth)  应(对某事)负责任

(2)take/bear the blame for...  承担……的责任

put/place/lay the blame on sb/sth  归咎于某人/某物

例3【单句填空】

(1)Blamed(blame) for the accident, the driver had been fined a great deal.

(2)The police believe more than one person is to blame(blame) for the fire.

(3)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.

补全句子

(4)Don't always blame your own failure on others.You should take/bear the blame for failure.

不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败承担责任。

考点4：link v．把……联系起来；连接　n．联系；纽带

要点归纳

(1)link...to/with...  将……和……连接/联系起来

be linked to/with  与……连接/联系起来

(2)a link between...and...  ……和……之间的联系

名师点津　与link用法相似的短语荟萃：

(1)join...to...　把……与……连接起来

(2)connect...with/to...  把……与……连接起来

(3)associate...with...  把……与……联系起来

(4)relate...to...  把……与……联系起来

例4【单句填空】

(1)A subway will link the airport to the city centre.

(2)Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.

(3)The island, joined(join) to the mainland by a large bridge, is easy to go to.

补全句子

(4)Yellow is linked with/is associated with/is related to self­respect, confidence and friendliness.

黄色一般与自尊、自信和友好相关。

考点5：answer the call响应号召

要点归纳

answer the phone/a call  接听电话

answer the door  开门，应门

answer the criticism/charge/accusation  就批评/指控/谴责作出回应

answer a need  满足需求

answer a description  与描述相符

例5【单句填空】

(1)The young man answered the call and joined the army to defend his country.

(2)I kept ringing the bell, but no one answered(answer) the door.

(3)A man answering(answer) the police's description was seen entering the building.

 补全句子

(4)How do you answer the criticism that your government has done nothing to help the homeless?

有人批评你们的政府没有为无家可归的人提供任何帮助，你对此有何回应？

考点6：　be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事

要点归纳

bring disgrace on  使……蒙羞

in disgrace  不光彩地

There is no disgrace in doing sth.  做某事不丢脸。

例6【单句填空】

(1)You are a disgrace to the medical profession.

(2)He sent us away in disgrace.

(3)His actions brought disgrace on the family.

补全句子

(4)There was no disgrace in finishing fourth.

得了个第四没什么丢脸的。

考点7：drive...away驱赶走……

要点归纳

drive off  驱车离去；驶去

drive...out  迫使……离开

drive sb to/into...  迫使某人进入某状态

drive sb to do sth  迫使某人做某事

drive sb crazy/mad  把某人逼得发疯/发狂

例7【单句填空】

(1)(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.

(2)I watched several people go by, get into their cars and drive off.

(3)His passion for traditional Chinese culture drove him to come(come) to China.

补全句子

(4)The children in the town often made fun of her, which drove her crazy/mad.

小镇上的孩子们经常取笑她，这简直让她发疯。

（一）用所给词的适当形式填空

1．(2021·全国乙卷)Generation(generate) Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.

2．(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics(character), and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.

3．(2020·浙江卷)Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from a safe distance(distant)．

4．(2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that evolution(evolve) should select for larger brains.

5．(2019·北京卷)At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human­sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection(detect)．

6．(2019·天津卷)When a predator lives on various species，they are weakly linked(link)．

(二）固定用法和搭配

1．Add up all the income you've received over the period in question.

2．This kind of plants came to exist on Earth millions of years ago.

3．Airports, railway stations and long­distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.

4．We didn't ask for all the challenges that we face, but we're determined to answer the call to meet them.

5．She declined to have(have) lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.

（三）七选五阅读：长难句分析

Nowadays parents and their children are spending less and less time communicating with each other.____16____.It is reported that American parents today spend about 40 percent less time with their children than parents did a generation ago.To keep your family time creative and enjoyable, below is a list of helpful family time tips.

Eat together & listen to each other

Most children today don't know the meaning of the family dinner time.Yet the communication and unity built during this time are necessary to a healthy family life.Sharing a meal together allows parents and their children to talk about each other's lives.____17____.

Read often

It's important for parents to read to their children.The latest research shows that reading to your children can help your children develop an interest in knowledge and contribute to language development.It also increases their concentration on things and helps them become more curious.____18____.After reading, ask questions about what the books are about.

Start a hobby or project

Choose a fun activity that your children are interested in.Activities like cooking, fishing or biking can be their great hobbies.____19____.Once a child learns a new skill, let him or her take the lead under your direction.

Plan a family outing

____20____.Jump into the family car and go for a drive.Prepare a picnic lunch and visit a local park.Take time to play or ride a bike.A slow and relaxing walk in the woods will help parents communicate with their children better.Also, a visit to the zoo or museum will inspire the enthusiasm of a child and lead to long discussions.

A. It is very important for children to exercise

B. They can open the door to exciting family time

C. Sometimes getting out of the house is important

D. Look for books that your children would enjoy reading

E. New technology has made video games more popular with children

F. This is also an opportunity for parents to listen and give advice to their children

G. As a result, many children are getting less love than their parents once got

【答案】

16. G    17. F    18. D    19. B    20. C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。如今父母和孩子们彼此交流的时间越来越少。据报道，美国父母今天与孩子相处的时间比上一代人少了40%。本文介绍增强家庭成员感情的一些活动。

【解析】

【16题详解】根据上文“Nowadays parents and their children are spending less and less time communicating with each other(现在，父母和他们的孩子花在相互交流上的时间越来越少了)”以及后句“It is reported that American parents today spend about 40 percent less time with their children than parents did a generation ago(据报道，今天的美国父母花在孩子身上的时间比上一代人少了约40%)”可知表示“结果，许多孩子得到的爱比他们的父母曾经得到的要少”的选项G可以起到承上启下的作用。故选G。

【17题详解】根据前句“Sharing a meal together allows parents and their children to talk about each other's lives.(一起吃饭可以让父母和孩子谈论彼此的生活)”可知，F选项“这也是父母倾听和给孩子建议的机会”符合语境。“talk about each other's lives”和“parents to listen and give advice to their children”是关联词。故选F。

【18题详解】根据空后“After reading, ask questions about what the books are about.(阅读后，问一些关于这些书的问题)”可知表示“寻找您的孩子会喜欢阅读的书籍”的选项D符合前后文语境。此处“what the books are about”和“Look for books”是关联词。故选D。

【19题详解】根据前句“Activities like cooking, fishing or biking can be their great hobbies.(像烹饪、钓鱼或骑自行车之类的活动可能是他们的爱好)”以及后句“Once a child learns a new skill, let him or her take the lead under your direction(一旦孩子学会了一项新技能，让他或她在你的指导下发挥带头作用)”可知，B选项“它们可以打开通往令人兴奋的家庭时光的大门”符合题意。故选B。

【20题详解】根据主题句“Plan a family outing(计划一次家庭外出活动)”以及后文介绍的户外活动，可知，表示“有时候出门很重要”的选项C符合前后语境，“outgoing”和“ getting out of the hous”是关联词。故选C。

一．  默写下列核心词汇对应的词性转换。

1. Predict v.预测→prediction n．预测→predictable  adj. 可以预测的
2. evidence n.证据→evident adj 显然的
3. Particular adj. 特别的→particularly adv. 尤其
4. Indicate v.暗示→indication n. 暗示，表明
5. Poison n。 毒药→poisonous adj. 有毒的

6．distant adj.遥远的；疏远的→distance n．距离

7．characteristic n．特征，特性→character n．性格；特性；角色

8．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化(论)

9．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．侦查；发觉，发现→detector探测器→detectable 可检测的

二． 课文语法填空

短文中的黑体部分为本单元知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分的用法。

When my uncle was young, he answered the call and   1  (go) to a distant island with his classmates.He took some books as well as some seeds with him.On   2  (arrive) at the beautiful island，he became interested in the plants which were native to the island.He often observed them in his spare time.Later, most of his classmates returned to the city，while my uncle chose   3  (stay) on that island.My grandfather was so angry that he blamed him for it many times on the phone.  4  , my uncle didn't change his mind.My grandfather even considered him as a disgrace to the whole family.

My uncle worked hard in the day.In his free time, he went on studying the characteristics of those plants.He even had some samples   5  (place) in his bedroom.Just at that time he began to think about how they evolved from their ancestors.Although no income   6  (generate) from his study, he was crazy about it.He often used some primitive  7  (method) to carry out his experiments, detecting how the seeds grew into some tall plants.There was a time   8   the number of those plants was on the decline.He managed to find out the reason and came up   9   a new way to solve the problem.Later, he achieved a lot in this field. He was   10  (absolute) a legend!

1．went　2.arriving　3.to stay　4.However

5．placed　6.was generated　7.methods　8.when　

9．with　10.absolutely

七选五阅读

Recently, I’ve been following a simple rule that is helping me crush procrastination(拖延症) and making it easier for me to stick to good habits at the same time．_____16_____ There are two parts to the 2-Minute Rule.

Part 1—If it takes less than two minutes，then do it now．

___17___ For example，washing your dishes immediately after your meal，tossing the laundry in the washing machine，taking out the garbage，sending that email，and so on．

If a task takes less than two minutes to complete，then follow the rule and do it right now．

Part 2—When you start a new habit，it should take less than two minutes to do．

Can all of your goals be accomplished in less than two minutes? Obviously not．But，every goal can be started in 2 minutes or less．___18___

It might sound like this strategy is too basic for grand life goals，but I beg to differ．The 2-Minute Rule works for big goals as well as small goals because of the inertia(惯性)of life．______19______ I love the 2-Minute Rule because it embraces the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started．

The most important part of any new habit is getting started—not just the first time，but each time．It’s not about performance，it’s about consistently taking action．

I can’t guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you．_____20_____ Anyone can spare the next 120 seconds．Use this time to get one thing done．Go．

A. I call this little strategy the “2-Minute Rule”．

B. And that’s the purpose behind this little rule．

C. Here’s what you need to know to stop procrastinating．

D. Once you start doing something，it’s easier to continue doing it．

E. But，I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it．

F. The goal is to make it easier for you to get started on the things you should be doing．

G. It’s surprising how many things we put off that we could get done in two minutes or less．

【答案】16. A    17. G    18. B    19. D    20. E

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何克服拖延这一问题，给出了自己的方法——“两分钟规则”。

【解析】

【16题详解】根据后文There are two parts to the 2-Minute Rule…这里提到了“两分钟规则”分为两部分，所以上文会说什么是“两分钟规则”，故选A。

【17题详解】根据后文For example，washing your dishes immediately after your meal，tossing the laundry in the washing machine，taking out the garbage，sending that email，and so on．这里提到了许多可以在两分钟之内完成的事情，所以上文会说有那么多可以在两分钟之内完成的事情却被我们拖延了，这很令人吃惊，故选G。

【18题详解】根据前文Can all of your goals be accomplished in less than two minutes? Obviously not．But，every goal can be started in 2 minutes or less．这里捕捉到了关键词goal，B项（这正是这个小规则背后的目的。）总结本段内容，故选B。

【19题详解】根据前文The 2-Minute Rule works for big goals as well as small goals because of the inertia(惯性)of life.这里提到了生活的惯性，故D项（一旦你开始做某事，继续做它就很容易。）正是惯性的一种，故选D。

【20题详解】根据前文I can’t guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you．这里提到了我不能保证“两分钟规则”是否对你有效，故E项（但是我保证，如果你不尝试，它绝不会起作用）是对前文内容的进一步阐述，故选E。