精品解析：陕西省西安市大联考2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：陕西省西安市大联考2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年第二学期期末检测
高一英语
(考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分)
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。
第I卷(选择题)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did Jim do last night?
A. Went to the cinema. B. Did some cleaning. C. Looked after his mother.
2. How will Linda return home?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot.
3. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a restaurant. B. At a shop. C. At a hotel.
4. What does the woman want to drink?
A. A cup of tea. B. A cup of coffee. C. A cup of water.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. What to chat. B. How to chat. C. Why to chat.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. How long did it take Susan to finish her first book?
A. 2 years. B. 4 years. C. 5 years.
7. How did Susan’s mother probably find the book?
A. Difficult. B. Attractive. C. Disappointing.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What does Henry say about his hometown?
A. It becomes crowded. B. It attracts more visitors. C. It has a better environment.
9. What did Henry do in his hometown last week?
A. He attended an activity. B. He visited his grandparents. C. He saw around his old school.
10. Who is probably Jason?
A. Henry’s old friend. B. Henry’s neighbor. C. Henry’s former classmate.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. Which place will the speakers go to?
A. Green Lake. B. The sports center. C. The Memorial Rink (溜冰场).
12. When will the speakers go skating?
A. On Monday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday.
13. How much do the speakers need to pay for the tickets?
A. $8. B. $16. C. $18.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. Where did Bruce grow up?
A. In Milan. B. In Paris. C. In New York.
15. What helped Bruce improve his English?
A. His experience of staying in America.
B. His communication with a native speaker.
C. His friendship with an American couple.
16. What does Bruce prefer doing?
A. Seeing English films. B. Reading English novels. C. Watching English talk shows.
17 What does Bruce want to be in the future?
A. A teacher. B. A translator. C. A guide.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
18. What is the speaker doing?
A. Doing a report. B. Giving an announcement. C. Introducing a flight.
19. What will the weather in Los Angeles be like this evening?
A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny.
20. What does the man ask passengers to do next?
A. Have lunch. B. Watch a film. C. Watch a safety video.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard(蜥蜴) was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
"Let's make a cake for Dad!" I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance.
The poignancy(酸楚) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin(蜕皮) as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
1. What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A. Its tank grew dirty.
B. Its old skin came off.
C. It got a skin disease.
D. It went missing.
2. Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A. The birthday cake was ruined.
B. The author made good puddings.
C. Pudding was his favorite dessert.
D. They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
3. Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A. To prove a theory.
B. To define a concept.
C. To develop the theme.
D. To provide the background.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.(就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁)”可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The poignancy(酸楚) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. …Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. …Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.(Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.(Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选C。
B
A trial project by the Montreal Children’s Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.
“During the examination children don’t move. It works perfectly. It’s amazing,” said Johanne L’Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.
The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia (麻醉).
A French medical-imaging technologist—also a hypnotist—was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children’s hospital. In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.
Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified (改变的) state of consciousness. The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state — an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.
“The technologist must build up a story with the patient,” Ms. L’Ecuyer said. “The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure.”
Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story—an injection (注射) becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.
“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient’s body with what the patient sees in his head,” Ms. L’Ecuyer said. “It requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness.” The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. “It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists,” Ms. L’Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.
4. One of the results produced by the trial project is ______.
A. a better understanding of children B. less use of certain medicines
C. new medical-imaging technology D. an improved reputation of the hospital
5. The French technologist came to the children’s hospital to ______.
A. assist in treating a patient B. carry out hypnosis training
C. start up a new department D. learn about the procedure
6. According to Paragraph 5, hypnosis works by ______.
A. creating a perfect world for patients B. forcing patients into a state of deep sleep
C. putting patients into an unconscious state D. leading patients’ consciousness away from reality
7. What can we learn about the story used in the procedure?
A. It should keep pace with the procedure. B. It reflects the patient’s creativity.
C. It is selected by the technologist. D. It tells what doctors are doing to the patient.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是蒙特利尔儿童医院的一项试验项目，研究发现使用药物催眠可以减轻病人的疼痛和焦虑。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.(该项目还减少了用于进行医学成像程序的药物数量)”可知，该研究项目导致了用于医学影像程序的药物的减少，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“A French medical-imaging technologist—also a hypnotist—was invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the children’s hospital.(一名法国医学成像技术专家——同时也是一名催眠师——被邀请培训儿童医院医学成像部门的几名成员)”可知，法国技术专家来儿童医院进行催眠培训，故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified (改变的) state of consciousness. The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world(催眠不是一种睡眠状态：它是一种经过调整的意识状态。技术人员将引导病人进入这种修改后的状态——一个想象的世界)”可知，引导病人的意识脱离现实是催眠工作的原理。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story(催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关)”以及倒数第一段“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patient’s body with what the patient sees in his head(重要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来)”可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步。故选A。
C
When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect (尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.
I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive (敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry. In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.
However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn’t want to hear.
After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don’t respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don’t show my feelings through words.
8. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because ______.
A. the manager asked him to do so B. he respected the elderly
C. the couple wanted him to do so D. he wanted more pay
9. When Jack called the couple “elderly”, they became ______.
A. Nervous B. satisfied C. unhappy D. excited
10. In Jack’s hometown, ______．
A. people dislike being called “old” B. people are proud of being old
C. many people reach the age of seventy or eighty D. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants
11. After this experience, Jack ______.
A. lost his job in the restaurant B. made friends with the couple
C. no longer respected the elderly D. changed his way with older people
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了作者从中国搬到美国之后，因为“尊老”的观念和中美文化差异的不同，导致工作中产生了一些误会，之后作者改变了自己对待老人的方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly.(我告诉她我已经确保他们会很快得到食物，因为我总是尊重老人)”可知，Jack很快就给这对夫妇送去了食物，因为他尊重老人。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure.(我告诉她，我确保他们能很快拿到食物，因为我一向尊重老年人。我刚说完，她的脸上就露出非常不高兴的表情)”可知，听到Jack称他们为老人时，他们一点也不高兴。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In my village in China, people are proud of being old.(在我中国的家乡，人们以老为自豪)”可知，在Jack的家乡，人们以年老为荣。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“After that, I changed the way I had been with older people.(从那之后，我改变了对待老年人的方式)”可知，经过这次经历，Jack改变了与老年人相处的方式。故选D。
D
To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.”
Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.
Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
12. By the last sentence of the first paragraph, the author ______ .
A. compares children’s behaviors to monkey’s
B. tells us that children do not learn by imitation
C. thinks it is partial to regard imitation as “Monkey see, monkey do.”
D. means that children should not learn by imitating their parents
13. The first element at work when a child learns by imitation is ______ .
A. the need to find a way to attain the desired goal
B. the desire to be acknowledged by his social group
C. the desire to find an expert and authority
D. the need to find a way to avoid criticism
14. According to the third paragraph, besides achieving his goals, a child should also learn to ______ .
A. attain his desired results as soon as possible B. show his love for his parents and friends
C. talk in a low voice D. behave properly
15. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people ______ .
A. who do not scold them B. who they want to be like
C. who have a high social status D. who give them many rewards
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了孩子通过模仿学习，需要找到一个方法来达到预期的目标，并且合理的表现，因此教的方法是树立一个好榜样，我们使用一些人作为模型，可以使孩子获得成功。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.”(有时，父母希望他遵循的榜样被忽视了，而他却从其他榜样那里接受了相反的模式。因此，我们必须转向一种比“猴子看，猴子做”更微妙的理论)”可知，父母希望孩子效仿却被孩子忽视了，但他却从其他一些例子接受了相反的模式，因此父母认为必须转向一种更微妙的理论。由此推知，作者认为将模仿视为“猴子看，猴子学”是片面的。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.(现在他处在一个新的环境中，缺乏现成的反应。他正在寻求一种能达到某种目的的回应。如果他对这种情况缺乏现成的反应，无法推理出该怎么做，他会观察一个似乎能够得到正确结果的模型。孩子们会寻找权威或专家来告诉他们该怎么做)”可知，当一个孩子通过模仿来学习时，起作用的第一个因素是需要找到一种达到预期目标的方法。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.(因此，解决任何客观情况的愿望都被正确解决它的愿望所覆盖。孩子早期学到的一件事是，当他的父母喜欢他的反应时，他会得到更多的爱和认可。然后其他成年人奖励一些行为，批评另一些行为。如果一个人要保持别人的支持和自己的自尊，他必须采取他的社会群体认可的反应)”可知，除了实现自己的目标，孩子还应该学会举止得体。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid.(在寻找试验反应时，学习者并不是随机选择模型的。他模仿那些看起来像好人的人，而不是模仿那些他希望避免其社会地位的人)”可知，孩子们通常会模仿他们想要成为的人。故选B。
第二节(共 5小题;每小题 2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白的选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Christmas is a time for nostalgia (怀旧), when families come together from all around the world and traditions are observed. ___16___.
Christmas dinner is perhaps where we see the biggest differences. British people traditionally consume turkey, mince pies, mulled wine for refreshment, and Christmas pudding for dessert. ___17___ For Americans, eggnog is the preferred drink alongside turkey or ham with sweet potato pies for dessert.
___18___. Unlike the US, each year, major UK department stores spend millions on advertisements that tell heart-warming short stories. Among the most famous is the John Lewis Christmas advert. It features a little girl called Bridget, whose trampoline becomes popular with local wildlife.
The language of Christmas is also a subtle cultural difference. In the US, you would usually say “Merry Christmas“. While in the UK, “happy” took on a higher-class meaning than “merry”. The royal family adopted “Happy Christmas” as their preferred greeting and others took note. ___19___There is also a similar distinction on how to address the fat man in red. Americans call him “Santa Claus” or “Santa”, while Britons would refer to him as “Father Christmas”-though “Santa“ is sometimes used as well.
All these differences make Christmas on both sides of the Atlantic distinctively interesting. ___20___After all, the Christmas spirit is about spreading goodwill to all and spending quality time with family.
A. Advertisements play an important part.
B. So this term remains popular in the UK.
C. So “Happy Christmas” was used widely in the US.
D. Indeed, you’ll be hard-pressed to find this in the US.
E. However, they can be different even among similar cultures.
F. Even the most stubborn Briton or American would enjoy it in another country.
G. Another difference is the UK’s obsession with Christmas TV advertisements.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. G 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国和美国的圣诞节传统的不同之处。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Christmas is a time for nostalgia (怀旧), when families come together from all around the world and traditions are observed.(圣诞节是一个怀旧的日子，来自世界各地的家人聚在一起，遵守传统)”结合后文主要说明了圣诞节的不同，故E选项“然而，即使在相似的文化中，它们也可能不同”符合语境，故选E。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Christmas dinner is perhaps where we see the biggest differences. British people traditionally consume turkey, mince pies, mulled wine for refreshment, and Christmas pudding for dessert.(圣诞晚餐也许是我们看到最大差异的地方。英国人传统上吃火鸡、肉馅饼、热红酒作为点心，圣诞布丁作为甜点)”以及后文“For Americans, eggnog is the preferred drink alongside turkey or ham with sweet potato pies for dessert.(对于美国人来说，蛋奶酒是最受欢迎的饮料，搭配火鸡或火腿和红薯派作为甜点)”可知，本句是在说明美国和英国的吃食不同。故D选项“的确，在美国你很难找到这样的东西”符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Unlike the US, each year, major UK department stores spend millions on advertisements that tell heart-warming short stories. Among the most famous is the John Lewis Christmas advert. It features a little girl called Bridget, whose trampoline becomes popular with local wildlife.(与美国不同的是，英国各大百货公司每年都要花费数百万美元在讲述暖心小故事的广告上。其中最著名的是约翰·刘易斯的圣诞广告。它的主角是一个名叫布里奇特的小女孩，她的蹦床在当地野生动物中很受欢迎)”可知，本句是在说明美国人和英国人对圣诞广告上的不同态度，故G选项“另一个不同是英国人对圣诞电视广告的痴迷”符合语境，故选G。
【19题详解】
根据上文“The language of Christmas is also a subtle cultural difference. In the US, you would usually say “Merry Christmas“. While in the UK, “happy” took on a higher-class meaning than “merry”. The royal family adopted “Happy Christmas” as their preferred greeting and others took note.(圣诞节的语言也是一种微妙的文化差异。在美国，你通常会说“圣诞快乐”。而在英国，“happy”比“merry”有更高级的含义。英国王室将“圣诞快乐”作为他们最喜欢的问候语，其他人也注意到了这一点)”可知，“圣诞快乐”这个词在英国也是流行的。故B选项“所以这个词在英国仍然很流行”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“All these differences make Christmas on both sides of the Atlantic distinctively interesting.(所有这些差异使大西洋两岸的圣诞节显得特别有趣)”由此可知，就算身在不同的国家也会喜欢上另一个国家的圣诞节。故F选项“即使是最固执的英国人或美国人，在另一个国家也会喜欢（圣诞节）的”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How much do you know about athletes? Many people regard watching sports games as a form of ____21____. But for athletes, they are challenging the ____22____ of human beings and breaking boundaries. Intensive training is a task which they do every day as a matter of ____23____. On May 6, 1954, Roger Bannister, who ran a mile in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds, ____24____ the whole world’s attention. People believed that it was ____25____ imagination for a person to run a mile within 4 minutes. Bannister made a（n）
____26____ in what people believed was impossible. In the years since, more and more athletes have overcome the four—minute—mile ____27____. Today, the record—held by Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco since July 7, 1999—____28____ at 3 minutes and 43. 13 seconds!
Records are ____29____ at a lower and lower rate in both running and other fields. When new records are set, they're changed by a small proportion of a（n） _____30_____ . The decimal point（小数点）,set at one- tenth of a second for Bannister's record, now _____31_____ one-hundredth of a second. _____32_____, we'll have to go to a third decimal place, and then a fourth.
The closer athletes get to being _____33_____, the harder it is to make improvements. Even though they are _____34_____ the best performances of human beings, excellent athletes can still _____35_____ proportions of seconds off existing records. They have a real _____36_____ to break records. The gaps between new and old records decrease _____37_____. Athletes are getting closer and closer to physiological _____38_____ performances all the time. It will be tougher and tougher _____39_____. However, excellent athletes never _____40_____ trying.
21. A. attention B. contribution C. recreation D. communication
22. A. beliefs B. rights C. strengths D. limits
23. A. routine B. situation C. experience D. opinion
24. A. required B. avoided C. attracted D. disturbed
25. A. beyond B. within C. from D. by
26. A. cut B. division C. involvement D. breakthrough
27. A. difference B. barrier C. habit D. fear
28. A. aims B. shoots C. works D. stands
29. A. updated B. held C. checked D. established
30 A. minute B. hour C. second D. day
31. A. contains B. measures C. means D. covers
32. A. Instead B. Soon C. Meanwhile D. Besides
33. A. honest B. strong C. perfect D. ordinary
34. A. assessing B. affecting C. expecting D. approaching
35. A. shave B. keep C. pay D. knock
36. A. history B. struggle C. change D. inspiration
37 A. quickly B. finally C. normally D. gradually
38. A. satisfactory B. peak C. consistent D. fair
39. A. making sense B. taking effect C. making progress D. losing heart
40. A. stop B. remember C. start D. suggest
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人把观看体育比赛看作是一种娱乐方式，但对于运动员来说，体育运动是在挑战人类的极限，打破界限。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把观看体育比赛看作是一种娱乐方式。A. attention注意力；B. contribution贡献；C. recreation娱乐，消遣；D. communication交流。根据下文“But for athletes, they are challenging”可知，相比于运动员，大多数人把体育比赛堪称是娱乐方式。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对于运动员来说，他们是在挑战人类的极限，打破界限。A. beliefs信念；B. rights权力；C. strengths优势，长处；D. limits限制。根据“breaking boundaries”可知，此处表示挑战人类的极限。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：强化训练是他们每天例行公事的一项任务。A. routine例行公事；B. situation情况；C. experience经验，经历；D. opinion观点。根据“which they do every day”可知，对于运动员来说强化训练是例行公事。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1954年5月6日，罗杰·班尼斯特以3分59.4秒的成绩跑完一英里，吸引了全世界的目光。A. required要求；B. avoided避免；C. attracted吸引；D. disturbed打扰。根据“On May 6, 1954, Roger Bannister, who ran a mile in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds”可知，罗杰·班尼斯特以3分59.4秒的成绩跑完一英里，吸引了全世界的目光。attract one’ s attention为固定短语，意为“吸引某人注意”。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：人们认为一个人在4分钟内跑一英里是难以想象的。A. beyond超越；B. within在……之内；C. from来自；D. by靠，通过。Beyond imagination为固定短语，意为“难以想象”，根据“run a mile within 4 minutes.”可知，在4分钟之内跑完一英里这样的速度超出了人们的想象。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：班尼斯特在人们认为不可能的事情上取得了突破。A. cut切口；B. division分开，分配；C. involvement参与，牵连；D. breakthrough突破。根据“what people believed was impossible”可知，人们认为这件事不可能发生，他却做到了，因此此处表示取得了突破。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，越来越多的运动员突破了4分钟一英里的障碍。A. difference不同，差别；B. barrier障碍；C. habit习惯；D. fear害怕。根据“Bannister made a breakthrough”可知，对于许多人来说达到这样的速度是一个障碍。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，摩洛哥的Hicham El Guerrouj自1999年7月7日以来保持的世界纪录是3分43秒13 ! A. aims旨在，瞄准；B. shoots射击，发射；C. works工作，运转；D. stands站立，忍受。根据“at 3 minutes and 43. 13 seconds!”可知，此处表示Hicham El Guerrouj一直保持着记录。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在跑步和其他领域，记录的更新速度越来越慢。A. updated更新；B. held举办；C. checked检查；D. established建立。根据下文“When new records are set, they're changed by a small proportion of a second.”（当新的记录被设定时，它们只会在一小部分秒内发生改变。）可知，记录更新的速度很慢。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当新的记录被设定时，它们只会在一小部分秒内发生改变。A. minute分钟；B. hour小时；C. second秒；D. day白天。根据下文“set at one- tenth of a second”可知，此处是信息词“second”的词汇复现。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据班尼斯特的记录，小数点设定在十分之一秒，现在是百分之一秒。A. contains包含；B. measures衡量；C. means意味着；D. covers覆盖。根据“set”此处表示衡量的标准现在是百分之一秒。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：很快，我们要到小数点后第三位，然后是第四位。A. Instead代替，反而；B. Soon不久；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Besides此外。上文提到“now measures one-hundredth of a second. ”，下文提到“go to a third decimal place, and then a fourth.”可知，这个变化的过程很快。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：运动员越接近完美，进步就越困难。A. honest诚实的；B. strong强壮的；C. perfect完美的；D. ordinary普通的，平常的。根据下文“the best performances of human beings”可知，此处表示接近完美。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他们的表现接近人类的最佳水平，优秀的运动员仍然可以将现有记录缩短几秒。A. assessing评价；B. affecting影响；C. expecting期待；D. approaching接近。根据上文“The closer athletes get to being perfect”可知，此处表示接近最佳水平。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他们的表现接近人类的最佳水平，优秀的运动员仍然可以将现有记录缩短几秒。A. shave（少量的）削减，掠过，擦过；B. keep保持；C. pay支付；D. knock敲，打。此优秀的运动员仍然可以将现有记录缩短几秒。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们为打破纪录而奋斗。A. history历史；B. struggle斗争，奋斗；C. change变化；D. inspiration灵感，启发灵感的人或事。根据“break records”可知，运动员一直为打破记录而奋斗。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：新记录与旧记录之间的差距逐渐缩小。A. quickly迅速地；B. finally最终；C. normally正常地；D. gradually逐渐地。经过不断地努力，新旧记录之间地差距逐渐减少。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：运动员在生理上的巅峰表现无时无刻不在离他们越来越近。A. satisfactory令人满意的；B. peak最高的，最大值的；C. consistent坚持的，始终如一的，一致的；D. fair公平的。运动员一直在接近自己生理上地巅峰表现。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：将越来越难取得进展。A. making sense有意义，合理；B. taking effect起作用，见效；C. making progress取得进步；D. losing heart失去信心。根据“tougher and tougher”可知，运动员越接近巅峰表现，想要取得进步就越难。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，优秀的运动员从不停止尝试。A. stop停止；B. remember记得；C. start开始；D. suggest建议。上文提到“很难取得进步”，however前后为转折关系，此处表示“从来不会停止尝试”。故选A。
第II卷(非选择题，共50分)
第三部分 英语知识应用
第二节(共 10小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fuchsia Dunlop from the UK likes to post her experiences of food from around the world on social media. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, cooking Chinese food ____41____(become) a way for her to deal with the “endless lockdown”.
____42____(realize) her dream of becoming a cook, she decided to come to Chengdu, ____43____ she learned local cooking skills in 1994. Seven years later, Dunlop published her first book, Sichuan Cookery, ____44____(praise) as “one of the top 10 cookbooks of all time”. So far, she has published five books about Chinese cuisines, showing her deep understanding of the food culture that ____45____(run) in the blood of Chinese people.
Having studied Chinese food culture for nearly 20 years, she regards Jiangnan ____46____ the center of the nation’s gastronomy (美食学). The decisive moment was in 2008 when she went to Longjing Caotang, ____47____ restaurant in Hangzhou. The whole cooking method was so moving and ____48____(impress) that, at that moment, she decided to write a book about the area. According to Dunlop, by presenting the ____49____(dish), she is trying to paint a picture of the area and display _____50_____(it) different sides, from the banquet to the street food.
【答案】41. has become
42. To realize
43. where 44. praised
45 runs 46. as
47. a 48. impressive
49. dishes 50. its
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自英国的Fuchsia Dunlop喜欢中国的美食，来到成都学习烹饪技巧并为美食著书的故事。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：自从2019新型冠状病毒疾病爆发以来，烹饪中餐已经成为她应对“无尽封锁”的一种方式。根据时间状语Since the outbreak of COVID-19可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语cooking Chinese food为动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，即has become。故填has become。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现成为一名厨师的梦想，1994年她决定来到成都，在那里学习了当地的烹饪技巧。此处为非谓语动词，结合语意，她来到成都是为了实现成为厨师的梦想，所以用不定式形式作目的状语。故填To realize。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了实现成为一名厨师的梦想，1994年她决定来到成都，在那里学习了当地的烹饪技巧。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chengdu，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用where引导从句。故填where。
44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：七年后，邓洛普出版了她的第一本书《四川烹饪》，被誉为“有史以来十大烹饪书籍之一”。分析句子结构，空处作非谓语动词，praise与逻辑主语Sichuan Cookery之间是被动关系，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故填praised。
【45题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，她已经出版了五本关于中国美食的书籍，显示了她对中国人血液中流淌的饮食文化的深刻理解。分析句子结构，that引导定语从句，空处作从句谓语，从句描述现在的一般性事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语that指代先行词food culture，为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填runs。
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：研究中国饮食文化近20年后，她认为江南是中国美食的中心。regard sth. as为固定搭配，表示“认为某物是……”，所以空处应用介词as。故填as。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：关键时刻是2008年，她去了龙井草堂，一家杭州的餐馆。结合语意，此处泛指一家杭州的餐馆，空处应用不定冠词，restaurant是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用a。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：整个烹饪方法如此感人和令人印象深刻，以至于在那一刻，她决定写一本关于这个地区的书。空处与moving并列，应用形容词impressive，表示“令人印象深刻的”，作句子表语。故填impressive。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：邓禄普说，通过展示菜肴，她试图描绘出该地区的一幅画面，并展示其不同方面，从宴会到街头美食。分析句子结构，空处应用名词形式作动词presenting的宾语，菜肴多种多样，应用可数名词的复数形式。故填dishes。
【50题详解】
考查代词。句意：邓禄普说，通过展示菜肴，她试图描绘出该地区的一幅画面，并展示其不同方面，从宴会到街头美食。结合语意，此处表示展示该地区的不同方面，应用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。故填its。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共 10小题;每小题 1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last weekend, I shop for books in a bookstore. While choosing a book, I suddenly found that my cellphone was almost dead. I was anxiously because I had to use my cellphone pay for a taxi home. I looked for around but couldn’t find any outlets in the bookstore. I asked a salesgirl that there was a charging service. To her joy, there was a wireless charging device. She helped me operate it, and the cellphone ran out of power, failing to charge. Just then the bookstore owners passed by and told me to charge it in his office. I was very grateful. Twenty minutes late, he brought my cellphone back. How a good gentleman!
【答案】1.shop→shopped
2.anxiously→anxious
3.在pay前加to
4.去掉looked后的for
5.that→whether/if
6.her→my
7.and→but
8.owners→owner
9.late→later
10.How→What
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在书店发现手机快没电了，后来在书店老板帮助下，作者给手机充好了电。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：上周末，我在一家书店买书。由“Last weekend”可知，句子时态用一般过去时，故将shop改为shopped。
2.考查形容词。句意：我很焦虑，因为我必须用手机支付打车回家的费用。was后跟形容词anxious作表语，故将anxiously改为anxious。
3.考查不定式。句意：我很焦虑，因为我必须用手机支付打车回家的费用。use sth to do，用某物来做某事，故在pay前加to。
4.考查固定短语。句意：我四处寻找，但在书店里找不到任何充电接口。look around是固定短语，意为“到处寻找”，故去掉looked后的for。
5.考查宾语从句。句意：我问售货小姐是否有充电服务。“there was a charging service”是宾语从句，根据语境可知，句子表示“我问售货小姐是否有充电服务”，因此用表示“是否”的whether/if引导宾语从句，故将that改为whether/if。
6.考查物主代词。句意：让我高兴的是，有一个无线充电设备。需要充电的是“我”，因此此处表示“让我高兴的是”，是固定短语to my joy，故将her改为my。
7.考查连词。句意：她帮我操作，但手机没电了，无法充电。根据“failing to charge”可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接前后句子，故将and改为but。
8.考查名词。句意：就在这时，书店老板经过，让我去他的办公室充电。由后文的“his office”可知，书店老板是一个人，因此owner用单数，故将owners改为owner。
9.考查副词。句意：20分钟后，他把我的手机拿了回来。twenty minutes later意为“20分钟后”，用副词later表示“……后”，故将late改为later。
10.考查感叹句。句意：多么好的绅士啊！分析可知，句子是感叹句，感叹句的结构为“What+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词+（主谓）！”或“How+形容词/副词+（主谓）！”，根据“a good gentleman”可知，本句用what引导，故将How改为What。
第二节 书面表达
52. 假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华。你校将要组织美国交换生参观中国美术馆（National Art Museum of China）请你根据下面提供的信息，口头通知活动安排。
1. 活动具体安排（集合时间、地点、交通方式等）；2. 活动内容；3. 活动意义。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi, everyone! May I have your attention, please?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hope you will enjoy the visit. That’s all. Thank you!
【答案】Hi, everyone! May have your attention, please?
All the American exchange students, who will visit the National Art Museum of China, are expected to gather at the school gate at 8:30 this Saturday morning. The school bus will pick you up and take you there.
We will first admire a series of paintings on the theme of “Beautiful China” together, where you will be amazed by the natural scenery in many places of interest in China. Then you will enjoy the freedom to take a walk in the gallery and choose the sections that appeal to you the most. We believe this is good chance for you to get close to Chinese works of art and get general idea about the Chinese artists.
Hope you will enjoy the visit. That’s all. Thank you!
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则通知，告知所有要去参观中国美术馆的美国交换生有关此次活动的具体安排、内容和意义。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1. 活动具体安排（集合时间、地点、交通方式等）；
2. 活动内容；
3. 活动意义。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be expected to do…；pick sb. up；a series of；be amazed by...；place of interest；appeal to sb.
第三步：连词成句
1. All the American exchange students, who will visit the National Art Museum of China, are expected to gather at the school gate at 8:30 this Saturday morning.
2. The school bus will pick you up and take you there.
3. We will first admire a series of paintings on the theme of “Beautiful China” together, where you will be amazed by the natural scenery in many places of interest in China.
4. Then you will enjoy the freedom to take a walk in the gallery and choose the sections that appeal to you the most.
(根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。）
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say,
6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing
7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking
8.表选择：either…or…，or
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如All the American exchange students, who will visit the National Art Museum of China, are expected to gather at the school gate at 8:30 this Saturday morning. 这句话中用了who引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如be expected to do…，pick sb. up，be amazed by...，appeal to sb.等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
听力答案：1-20 BACAB ABCAA CCBAB CABAC