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2022-2023学年陕西省西安市大联考高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年陕西省西安市大联考高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年陕西省西安市大联考高二（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition（认知）after controlling for differences in parents' income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
"The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate（旋转） and translate shapes，" Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play？ ______
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？ ______
A. Parents' age. B. Children's imagination.
C. Parents' education. D. Child-parent relationship.
3. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play？ ______
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
B
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock'n'roll.Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand，the scientists say.
"Technically，I think what they're proposing is possible，"physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there's no obvious answer.On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds（滑板）.Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier，workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat，as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，who led the new study.West said，"I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought，'Why don't they just try rolling the things？'"A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides，he realized.That，he notes，should make a block of stone"a lot easier to roll than a square".
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery（滑的）path.
West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
4. It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______ .
A. rolling them on roads B. pushing them over the sand
C. sliding them on smooth paths D. dragging them on some poles
5. The underlined part"lubricated the paths"in Paragraph 4 means ______ .
A. made the paths wet B. made the paths hard
C. made the paths wide D. made the paths slippery
6. What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 7 refer to？ ______
A. Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B. Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C. Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D. Rolling the blocks with fat.
7. Why is rolling better than sliding according to West？ ______
A. Because more force is needed for sliding.
B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C. Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D. Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
C
"It's raining.It's pouring.The old man is snoring（打鼾）.He bumped his head when he went to bed，and he couldn't get up in the morning." Why couldn't the old man in the children's song get up？（ Let's kindly suppose that he just didn't want to get up） This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight，the body was still producing the hormone（激素） melatonin（褪黑素），which makes people sleepy.
There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior.But how much does rain really affect people's moods and behavior？
In 2008，researchers from the University of Minnesota and Lanzhou University published a paper.They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval（社会动荡） and the downfall of the Tang，Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China.This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation.
But how might rain affect social behavior in the modern world？A 2009 New York Times investigation found that murder rates in New York drop significantly on rainy days.Meanwhile，in Britain，Dr Peter Langmead Jones of Greater Manchester police published a study in 2015 detailing an analysis of 6.6 million police records over one decade in Manchester. "The research showed that the heavier the rainfall，the lower the recorded crime，" he said.
Langmead Jones also found that there is a strong association between heavy rain and relatively few violent crimes recorded including domestic abuse（家庭暴力）.This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes.
It's not all good news though.One study in 1997 concluded that the behavior of children can predict oncoming storms—they were observed to exhibit their worst behavior when barometric（气压的） pressure fell.Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days.
For all the complaints about rain，it does have some characteristics that hold broad appeal.The sound of raindrops can be very comforting and often features in sleep- inducing relaxation apps.The theory behind this is that the pitter-patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise".It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep.So if it's raining where you are，the best thing to do may be to have a nap.
8. The author uses the lyrics of a song in the first paragraph to ______ .
A. introduce the interesting song to readers
B. voice his understanding of why the old man couldn't get u in the morning
C. illustrate one way that wet weather influences human behavior
D. explain why people often get up late on rainy days
9. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the third paragraph？ ______
A. Success. B. Prosperity. C. Failure. D. Development.
10. According to Dr Peter Langmead Jones，relatively few crimes are recorded on rainy days because ______ .
A. people prefer to take a nap at home when it's raining
B. most people are depressed on rainy days
C. people are too lazy to go out when it's raining
D. alcohol consumption is reduced due to wet weather
11. According to the article，the influences that rainy days have on human behavior include ______ .
①decreased grain output
②relatively few criminal records
③higher chance of feeling low in spirits
④more possibility of feeling sleepy
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
D
My mother and sister had gone through Grandma's belongings after her memorial service and decided on the sewing machine for me.I wasn't sure if I was the right person for it，though.I hadn't sewn since taking a class in high school.This would take some experimenting.
I opened the built-in drawer to find Grandma's old pieces of thread.I held her tomato-shaped pincushion （针垫） and thought of all the memories wrapped up in this machine.Grandma had become a tailoress （女裁缝） out of necessity.With four small children to clothe，she'd quickly learned how to sew almost everything they needed.For over 30 years，Grandma kept up with her sewing.She made matching Easter dresses for my sister and me and costumes for our school festivals.She was always in search of a new project，whether it was teaching our neighbors or sewing dresses for the homeless.But for the last several years of her life，dementia （痴呆） had left a shy and silent woman in place of the strong，opinionated，loving grandmother I'd known.
To honor Grandma's memory，I wanted a project to help people the way she had.With the stay-at-home order in place because of COVID-19，I certainly had the time.So I dug out Grandma's machine to sew masks，and read up on how to sew.I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again.After hours of digging through old black-and-white handbooks and sewing lessons online，I operated the machine one more time.I held my breath and pressed down on the pedal.Hurrah!It worked!In no time，my fingers were flying，steadily moving material under the very cooperative needle.When I sewed enough masks for my family，I kept going.I delivered nearly 500 masks to a hard-hit hospital in the area.Quite a big job for an old sewing machine.
A staff member met me outside to receive the donation. "Thank you，" she said，not knowing that any thanks for my efforts belonged to Grandma，who provided the inspiration.
12. Why did the author doubt herself about accepting the sewing machine？ ______
A. She was not fond of it.
B. She didn't usually sew much.
C. She had no interest in sewing.
D. She hoped to donate it to charities.
13. What can be inferred about the author's grandma？ ______
A. She dreamt of being a tailor. B. She kept sewing as a hobby.
C. She was ready to help others. D. She had always been optimistic.
14. The underlined part "read up on" in paragraph 3 can be understood as ______ .
A. studied a lot about B. thought of slowly
C. noticed or observed D. lost one's heart to
15. How would you describe the author's success with the sewing machine？ ______
A. It was a long tiring process for her.
B. It meant overcoming many difficulties.
C. It benefited from her mother and sister.
D. It just took her a few hours to operate it skillfully.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
When it comes to getting a good night's sleep，various habits that we engage in before bedtime can have a significant impact on both the quality as well as the quantity of your rest.（1） ______
●Make your To-Do list for tomorrow
Try making a list of tasks you want to tackle the next day，especially if you find that worrying often keeps you awake.Writing a to-do list can not only help you be more productive the next day but can help establish peace of mind for you to sleep better.（2） ______ .
●Practice gratitude journaling
（ 3） ______ .Making expressing gratitude a part of your routine can help you lead a healthy and happy life.The more you make an effort to notice the things that you feel thankful for，the more you prepare yourself to just naturally feel grateful instead of having to work at it.
●（4） ______
This will take no more than 5 minutes a day but can have a tremendous effect on your personal development.This helps you appreciate your achievements and shape a better tomorrow.Start by acknowledging one or two things you wish had gone better，and end your reflection by thinking of a few wins you had.
The first few nights，it will be a bit difficult for you to stick to your routine but stay determined.（5） ______ Everybody has a different routine and here I've only included practices that I think you should most definitely include in yours.
A.Do some reading
B.Reflect on your day
C.Write down at least 3 things you're thankful for each day.
D.If you're disciplined，you will get on track with your routine.
E.A good night's sleep is an essential condition for a productive day.
F.The following are some of the best evening habits before going to bed.
G.The next day all you've to do is make some essential changes to it and get to work!
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Within a minute's walk of my house there was a wild stretch of unspoiled woodland，where there were blackberry plants，squirrels and their young.I （1） ______ walked in this park with Rex --- a friendly，harmless little dog；and （2） ______ we rarely met anyone in the park，I took Rex along without a leash（狗绳）.
One day we met a mounted policeman in the park，a policeman eager to show his （3） ______ .
"What do you mean by letting that dog run （4） ______ in the park without a leash and a muzzle（口套）？" he shouted at me angrily. "Don't you know it's against the law？"
"Yes，I know it is，" I replied softly， "but I didn't think he would do any（5） ______ out here.
"You didn't think!You didn't think!The law doesn't know about what you think.That dog（6） ______ kill a squirrel or bite a child.Now，I'm going to （7） ______ this time；but if I catch this dog out here again without a leash，you'll have to tell it to the （8） ______ ."
I humbly （9） ______ to obey.
And I did obey --- for a few times.But Rex didn't like the muzzle，and neither did I；so we decided to take a （10） ______ .Everything was lovely for a while，and then we got into （11） ______ .Rex and I raced over the hill one afternoon and there，suddenly --- to my （12） ______ --- I saw the majesty of the law，riding on a horse.Rex was out in a front，heading straight for the officer.
I was in for it.I knew it.So I didn't （13） ______ until the policeman started talking，I beat him to it.I said： " Officer，you've caught me （14） ______ .I'm guilty.I have no alibis，no excuses.You （15） ______ me last week that if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me."
"Well，now，" the policeman responded in a soft tone， "I know it's a （16） ______ to let a little dog like that have a run out here when nobody is around."
"Sure it is，" I replied， " （17） ______ it is against the law."
"Well，a little dog like that isn't going to harm anybody，" the policeman protested.
"No，but he may kill （18） ______ ，" I said.
"Well now，I think you are taking this a bit too seriously，" he told me.
"I'll tell you what you do.You just let him run over the hill there where I can't see him --- and we'll forget all about it."
That policeman，being human，wanted a feeling of （19） ______ ；so when I began to condemn myself，the only way he could nourish his self-esteem was to take the kind and generous attitude showing （20） ______ .
21. A. seldom B. sometimes C. frequently D. never
22. A. when B. since C. if D. while
23. A. authority B. force C. magic D. dignity
24. A. loose B. freely C. wildly D. quickly
25. A. wrong B. damage C. good D. harm
26. A. can B. might C. will D. must
27. A. give you up B. let you off C. give in to you D. put up with you
28. A. owner B. policeman C. judge D. children
29. A. listened B. promised C. agreed D. kept
30. A. change B. chance C. charge D. cheat
31. A. trap B. difficulty C. trouble D. shape
32. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. regret
33. A. wait B. move C. say D. walk
34. A. on the scene B. blue-blooded C. in spot D. red-handed
35. A. warned B. told C. informed D. taught
36. A. appeal B. temptation C. urge D. crime
37. A. and B. so C. but D. because
38. A. blackberry B. birds C. children D. squirrels
39. A. importance B. achievement C. happiness D. respect
40. A. sympathy B. regret C. mercy D. optimism
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. Many kinds of music can stir the imagination and produce strong feeling.For some people，romantic composers such as Chopin increase（1） ______ （feel） of love and sympathy.Religious and spiritual music can help some people feel peace. （2） ______ one musician seems to have a unique ability of healing the human body—Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.Scientists （3） ______ （find） Mozart's music to be remarkable in its ability（4） ______ （calm） its listeners.It can also help them express themselves more clearly.
Many amazing cases have been documented using Mozart as a healing aid.For example，a tiny baby（5） ______ （ name） Kissy，who weighed just 1.5 pounds at birth，was on total life support.Doctors thought she had little chance of survival.Her mother insisted （6） ______ playing Mozart for Kissy，and thought it saved her daughter's life.Kissy lived，but she was very small for her age and （7） ______ （slow） than the average child.At the age of four，she showed （8） ______ interest in music and her parents gave her violin lessons.
To their （9） ______ （astonish），Kissy was able to play musical pieces from memory that were far beyond the ability of an average four-year-old. （10） ______ （ play） music helped her improve in all areas of her life.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有-10处语言错误。每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When I was on my way to school on last Saturday afternoon,I saw a mother and her son preparing go across the street.A mother was going to run the red light while her son prevented her.The mother felt embarrassed and stops.With more and more cars coming into our families,it had greatly improved our lives.But unlucky,it has also brought many problems,such as heavy traffic and traffic accident.Traffic safety is everybody's business and we must obey the rules and we can tell our parents not to drink before we drive,not to run red lights,not to talk and laugh while drive etc.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 假定你是李华，从报纸上得知一个国际中学生组织将到武汉参观，政府部门需要招募英语流利的志愿者。请写一封邮件申请参加，内容包括：
（1）自我介绍（包括英语能力）；
（2）参加意图（介绍武汉及湖北其他城市、了解其他国家）；
（3）希望获准。
注意：
（4）词数80左右；
（5）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Dear Sir or Madam，
Yours， Li Hua
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill（在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好）可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中培养更好的空间技能。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.（Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测）可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的教育程度。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，（男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题）可知。他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。A.They play with puzzles more often.他们更经常玩拼图；B.They tend to talk less during the game.他们倾向于在比赛中少说话；C.They prefer to use more spatial language.他们喜欢使用更多的空间语言；D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.他们可能会玩更难的谜题。故选D。
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4~7.【答案】C、D、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段中的The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.（最受欢迎的观点是，埃及工人沿着光滑的道路滑动石块。）可知，这些石块是由在平坦的道路上滑行运到金字塔遗址的。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第四段中的To make the work easier，以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.（要么用湿粘土，要么用牛的脂肪。）可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑。结合选项：A.made the path wet 把路弄湿了；B.made the path hard 使道路变得艰难；C.made the path wide 把路弄宽了；D.made the path slippery 使路滑了。故选D。
（3）代词指代题。这是考查指代词的指代内容，由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way ，who led the new study.West said ，"I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought ，'Why don't they just try rolling the things ？'"A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides ，he realized.That ，he notes ，should make a block of stone a lot easier to roll than a square. （然而，物理学家约瑟夫•韦斯特认为有一个更简单的方法，他领导了这项新的研究。韦斯特说："当我观看一个电视节目，展示雪橇如何帮助金字塔的建造时，我受到了启发。我想："他们为什么不试着滚动东西？"一个正方形。他意识到，通过在轮子的侧面安装木杆，可以把轮子变成一种粗糙的轮子，他指出，这样一来，一块石头的滚动要比一块正方形容易得多。）可知，选择A，意为"把杆绑在石块上，然后滚动石块"。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.（工人们不需要携带牛油或水来铺平道路。）可知，滚动石块不需要有准备工作，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】C、C、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight，the body was still producing the hormone （激素） melatonin （褪黑素），which makes people sleepy. （这可能是因为在没有阳光的环境下，身体仍在产生褪黑激素，让人昏昏欲睡。）和第二段的There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior. （降雨影响人类行为的方式有很多。）推知，作者在本段引用一句歌词是为了说明潮湿天气影响人类行为的一种方式。故选C。
（2）词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval （社会动荡） and the downfall of the Tang，Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China.（他们提出，降雨减少对中国古代的社会动荡和唐、元、明王朝的downfall有影响。）可知，downfall和social upheaval意思相近。再结合下文"This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation. （这被认为与水稻种植减少有关。）可知，在以农耕为主的王朝，水稻种植的减少，最终会导致王朝覆灭。由此猜测downfall意为"灭亡"，A.Success.成功；B.Prosperity.繁荣；C.Failure.失败，灭亡；D.Development.发展。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes. （这可能是因为，由于下大雨，人们无法外出购买酒，而酒的消费量减少，导致犯罪减少。）可知，Langmead-Jones认为下雨天犯罪相对较少是因为酒的消费量减少。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的The research showed that the heavier the rainfall，the lower the recorded crime. （研究表明，降雨量越大，犯罪率就越低），倒数第二段的Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days. （2012年的另一项研究发现，女性更容易受到下雨的心理影响，她们在雨天的生活满意度比男性低得多。）和最后一段的The theory behind this is that the pitter- patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise" .It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep. （这背后的理论是，雨滴的噼啪声是一种'粉色噪音'。它可以减少大脑活动，从而提高睡眠质量）。可知，根据这篇文章，下雨天对人行为的影响包括：相对少的犯罪记录，情绪低落的几率更高，以及更有可能犯困。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雨对人类行为和情绪的影响。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段I wasn't sure if I was the right person for it，though.I hadn't sewn since taking a class in high school.This would take some experimenting. （但我不确定我是不是合适的人选。自从高中上过一门缝纫课后，我就再也没做过缝纫了。这需要一些实验。）可知，作者怀疑自己是否应接受缝纫机，因为她通常不怎么缝东西。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段She was always in search of a new project，whether it was teaching our neighbors or sewing dresses for the homeless. （她总是在寻找新的项目，无论是教我们的邻居，还是为无家可归的人缝制衣服。）可知，作者的外婆乐于助人。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线处后句I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again. （我打开电脑，研究如何使机器重新运转起来。）可知，学习了很多关于缝纫的知识。划线处是研究了很多关于...的意思。A.studied a lot about学习了很多关于；B.thought of slowly慢慢思考；C.noticed or observed注意到或观察到；D.lost one's heart to爱上某人。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第三段I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again.After hours of digging through old black-and-white handbooks and sewing lessons online，I operated the machine on more time. （我打开电脑，研究如何使机器重新运转起来。在翻阅了几个小时的黑白旧手册和在线缝纫课程后，我延长了操作机器的时间。）以及I held my breath and pressed down on the pedal.Hurrah!It worked!In no time，my fingers were flying，steadily moving material under the very cooperative needle. （我屏住呼吸，踩下踏板。好哇!它起作用了!不一会儿，我的手指就飞了起来，在非常配合的针下平稳地移动着材料。）可知，她只花了几个小时就熟练地操作了。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在外婆的激励下学会缝纫，帮助他人。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】F、G、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。上文When it comes to getting a good night's sleep，various habits that we engage in before bedtime can have a significant impact on both the quality as well as the quantity of your rest. （当谈到获得良好的睡眠时，我们在睡前养成的各种习惯会对你的休息质量和数量产生重大影响。）说明空格前介绍了睡前好习惯的重要性，二、三、四段分别介绍几个睡前的好习惯，因此F．The following are some of the best evening habits before going to bed.（下面是一些睡前的好习惯。）符合语境，故选F。
（2）联系上文题。上文Writing a to-do list can not only help you be more productive the next day but can help establish peace of mind for you to sleep better.（写一份待办事项清单不仅可以帮助你在第二天更有效率，还可以帮助你建立一种平静的心态，让你睡得更好。）说明制定待办事项清单的好处，与空格处是因果关系，选项G中it指代前一句中的to-do list，因此G．The next day all you've to do is make some essential changes to it and get to work!（第二天，你所要做的就是对它做一些必要的改变，然后开始工作！）符合语境，故选G。
（3）推理判断题。本段标题Practice gratitude journaling （练习写感恩日记），说明的是要坚持写日记，因此C．Write down at least 3 things you're thankful for each day.（每天至少写下3件你感激的事。）是写感恩日记的具体体现，符合语境，故选C。
（4）段落标题题。下文Start by acknowledging one or two things you wish had gone better，and end your reflection by thinking of a few wins you had.（首先以承认一两件你但愿做得更好的事情开始，然后以回想一下你已经取得的胜利来结束你的反思。）介绍的是睡前反思的益处和具体做法，因此B．Reflect on your day（反思你的一天）概括段意，故选B。
（5）联系上文题。上文The first few nights，it will be a bit difficult for you to stick to your routine but stay determined.（最初的几个晚上，要坚持你的计划会有点困难，但一定要有决心。）说明即使有困难也要坚持下去，因此D．If you're disciplined，you will get on track with your routine.（如果你有自律性，你的生活习惯就会步入正确的轨道。）说明了坚持下去的结果和意义，故选D。
本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个睡前的好习惯。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~40.【答案】C、B、A、A、D、B、B、C、B、B、C、B、A、D、A、B、C、D、A、C
【解析】（1）C．考查副词及语境理解．A．seldom很少；B．sometimes有时；C．frequently经常；D．never从来没有．我经常和雷克斯在这个公园里散步，雷克斯是一只友好、无害的小狗．故选C．
（2）B．考查连词及语境理解．A．when什么时候；B．since因为；自从；C．if如果；D．while当…时候．因为我们很少在公园里遇见任何人，所以我没有系上皮带就带着雷克斯走了．根据下文 I took Rex along without a leash可知是因为．故选B．
（3）A．考查名词及语境理解．A．authority权威；B．force武力；C．magic魔术；D．dignity尊严．一天，我们在公园里遇到一个骑马的警察，一个急于显示自己权威的警察．故选A．
（4）A．考查形容词及语境理解．A．loose松散的；B．freely自由地；C．wildly疯狂地；D．quickly快地．你让那条狗在公园里乱跑是什么意思？根据下文 without a leash and a muzzle可知是乱跑．run loose：放纵，乱跑．故选A．
（5）D．考查形容词及语境理解．A．wrong错的；B．damage损坏；C．good很好的；D．harm危害．但我不认为他会在这里造成任何伤害．根据上文a friendly，harmless little dog可知是无害的．do harm to：对…造成伤害．故选D．
（6）B．考查情态动词及语境理解．A．can能够；B．might可能；C．will将会；D．must必须．那条狗可能会杀死一只松鼠或咬一个孩子．故选B．
（7）B．考查动词短语及语境理解．A．give you up放弃你；B．let you off放开你；C．give in to you向你屈服；D．put up with you忍受你．现在，这次我会放你走．故选B．
（8）C．考查名词及语境理解．A．owner业主；B．policeman警察；C．judge法官；D．children儿童．但如果再不拴狗绳，让我在外面逮到这条狗，你得告诉法官．故选C．
（9）B．考查动词及语境理解．A．listened听；B．promised承诺；C．agreed同意；D．kept保留．我谦恭地承诺遵守．故选B．
（10）B．考查名词及语境理解．A．change改变；B．chance机会；C．charge控告；充电；D．cheat欺骗．但是雷克斯不喜欢口套，我也不喜欢，所以我们决定冒险一试．take a chance：冒险．故选B．
（11）C．考查名词及语境理解．A．trap陷阱；B．difficulty困难；C．trouble麻烦；D．shape形状．然后我们陷入了麻烦．根据下文I saw the majesty of the law，riding on a horse．可知是陷入麻烦．故选C．
（12）B．考查名词及语境理解．A．disappointment失望；B．surprise惊讶；C．joy欢乐；D．regret后悔．令我惊讶的是．故选B．
（13）A．考查动词及语境理解．A．wait等等；B．move移动；C．say说；D．walk步行．所以我没有等到警察开口说话．故选A．
（14）D．考查固定搭配及语境理解．A．on the scene在现场；B．blue-blooded出身皇族（或贵族）的；C．in spot当场；D．red-handed当场抓获；血淋淋的；残忍的．你当场抓住了我．故选D．
（15）A．考查动词及语境理解．A．warned警告；B．told告诉；C．informed通知；D．taught教授．你上周警告过我，如果我再把狗带到这里来，你会罚款的．故选A．
（16）B．考查名词及语境理解．A．appeal上诉；B．temptation诱惑；C．urge催促；D．crime犯罪．我知道，在没有人的情况下，让这样的小狗跑出去是一种诱惑．故选B．
（17）C．考查连词及语境理解．A．and和；B．so所以；C．but但是；D．because因为．"当然可以，"我回答，"但这是违法的．"故选C．
（18）D．考查名词及语境理解．A．blackberry黑莓；B．birds鸟；C．children儿童；D．squirrels松鼠．"不，但他可能会杀松鼠的，"我说．根据上文kill a squirrel or bite a child可知是松鼠．故选D．
（19）A．考查名词及语境理解．A．importance重要性；B．achievement成就；C．happiness幸福；D．respect尊重．那个警察，作为一个普通人，想要一种重要的感觉．根据下文the only way he could nourish his self-esteem 可知是重要．故选A．
（20）C．考查名词及语境理解．A．sympathy同情；B．regret后悔；C．mercy仁慈；D．optimism乐观．所以，当我开始谴责自己的时候，他能培养自尊的唯一方法就是采取仁慈和慷慨的态度．故选C．
文章讲述了作者遛狗的时候遇到一名警察，谴责他没有栓狗带或者带口套，作者灵活机智地应对，免于惩罚．
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高．做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容．千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．
41.【答案】【小题1】feelings
【小题2】But
【小题3】have found
【小题4】to calm
【小题5】named
【小题6】on
【小题7】slower
【小题8】an
【小题9】astonishment
【小题10】Playing
【解析】（1）考查名词复数。句意：对一些人来说，像肖邦这样的浪漫主义作曲家会增加爱和同情的感觉。根据increase可知空处作动词的宾语，使用名词；feeling是可数名词，此处表示泛指使用复数形式。故填feelings。
（2）考查连词。句意：但有一位音乐家似乎拥有治愈人体的独特能力——沃尔夫冈•阿玛迪斯•莫扎特。根据句意可知前后句子之间是转折关系。故填But。
（3）考查时态。句意：科学家们发现莫扎特的音乐能够让听众平静下来，这是一种非凡的音乐。分析句子，空处作定语，修饰名词ability，应用不定式形式作后置定语。故填to calm。根据句意可知句子时态为现在完成时，主语是scientists。故填have found。
（4）考查不定式。句意：科学家们发现莫扎特的音乐能够让听众平静下来，这是一种非凡的音乐。分析句子，空处作定语，修饰名词ability，应用不定式形式作后置定语。故填to calm。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：例如，一个名叫Kissy的早产儿，出生时体重只有1.5磅，正在接受全面的生命支持。分析句子，空处修饰baby，且name与逻辑主语baby之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填named。
（6）考查固定搭配。句意：她的母亲坚持为Kissy演奏莫扎特的音乐，并认为这救了她的命。insist on doing sth.为固定搭配，意为"坚持做某事"。故填on。
（7）考查比较级。句意：Kissy活了下来，但就她的年龄来说，她个子太小了，比一般的孩子都迟钝。根据was可知空处使用形容词，由than可知此处使用形容词的比较级。故填slower。
（8）考查冠词。句意：四岁时，她表现出对音乐的兴趣，她的父母给她上小提琴课。根据句意可知此处泛指"对……的兴趣"，interest以元音音素开头。故填an。
（9）考查名词。句意：令他们惊讶的是，Kissy能够凭记忆演奏乐曲，这远远超出了一个普通四岁孩子的能力。考查固定短语。to one's astonishment为固定短语，表示"令某人惊讶的是"。故填astonishment。
（10）考查动名词。句意：演奏音乐帮助她在生活的各个方面都有所进步。分析句子，空处作句子主语，应用动名词形式。故填Playing。
这是一篇说明文。文章以一位早产儿为例，介绍了音乐的治愈能力。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】When I was on my way to school on last Saturday afternoon,I saw a mother and her son preparing∧ go across the street. mother was going to run the red light her son prevented her.The mother felt embarrased and .With more and more cars coming into our families,it greatly improved our lives.But ，it has also brought many problems,such as heavy traffic and traffic .Traffic safety is everybody's business and we must obey the rules.We can tell our parents not to drink before drive,not to run red lights,not to talk and laugh while etc.
详解：
（1）删除last前on.考查固定短语。句意：上周六下午，当我在去学校的路上时，我看到一位母亲和她的儿子正准备过马路。短语last Saturday afternoon表示"上周五下午"，前面不需要介词。故删除last前on。（2）preparing后添加to.考查固定短语。句意：上周六下午，当我在去学校的路上时，我看到一位母亲和她的儿子正准备过马路。短语prepare to do sth.表示"准备做某事"。故preparing后添加to。
（3）A改为The.考查冠词。句意：母亲正要闯红灯，这时儿子拦住了她。此处特指上文提到的mother,应用定冠词the。故A改为The。
（4）while改为when.考查固定句型。句意：母亲正要闯红灯，这时儿子拦住了她。此处为句型sb.be going to do sth.when…表示"某人正要做某事，这时……"。故while改为when。
（5）stops改为stopped.考查动词时态。句意：母亲觉得不好意思，停了下来。事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故stops改为stopped。
（6）had改为has.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：随着越来越多的汽车进入我们的家庭，极大地改善了我们的生活。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时，主语为it,助动词用has。故had改为has。
（7）unlucky改为unluckily.考查副词。句意：但不幸的是，它也带来了许多问题，如交通拥挤和交通事故。修饰后文整个句子应用副词unluckily,作状语。故unlucky改为unluckily。
（8）accident改为accidents.考查可数名词的复数。句意：但不幸的是，它也带来了许多问题，如交通拥挤和交通事故。accident为可数名词，前文没有冠词，应用复数形式。故accident改为accidents。
（9）we改为they.考查代词。句意：交通安全是每个人的事，我们必须遵守规则，我们可以告诉我们的父母在开车前他们不要喝酒，不要闯红灯，不要在开车时说话和笑等等。此处指上文的"our parents"应用代词they。故we改为they。
（10）drive改为driving.考查省略句。句意：交通安全是每个人的事，我们必须遵守规则，我们可以告诉我们的父母在开车前不要喝酒，不要闯红灯，不要在开车时说话和笑等等。在while引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为while they are driving,相当于省略了they are。故drive改为driving。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者上周六看到一位母亲闯红灯，被儿子制止了，感悟到交通安全是每个人的事，我们必须遵守规则，我们可以告诉我们的父母在开车前不要喝酒，不要闯红灯，不要在开车时说话和笑等等。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。
43.【答案】Dear Dear Sir or Madam，
I'm Li Hua，a middle school student from China.Interested in the announcement of the activity you have posted on the newspaper，I'm writing to apply to be one of the members.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
As an outgoing and warm-hearted girl，I'm more than willing to communicate with others.（自我介绍）More importantly，my good command of spoken English enables me to introduce Wuhan and other cities to students from other countries，and meanwhile learn about their countries as well.This is definitely a good chance to broaden my horizons.（参加意图）
I do hope you can take my application into consideration.【高分句型二】（希望获准）
Looking forward to your reply.（盼望）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Interested in the announcement of the activity you have posted on the newspaper，I'm writing to apply to be one of the members.
译文：因为对你在报纸上发布的活动公告感兴趣，我写信申请成为其中一员。
分析：这句话使用了形容词短语Interested in the announcement of the activity you have posted on the newspaper作状语，you have posted on the newspaper是定语从句修饰activity。
高分句型二：I do hope you can take my application into consideration.
译文：我真的希望你能考虑我的申请。
分析：这句话使用了助动词do+动词原形，表示强调。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
2022-2023学年陕西省西安市大联考高二（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition（认知）after controlling for differences in parents' income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
"The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate（旋转） and translate shapes，" Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play？ ______
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？ ______
A. Parents' age. B. Children's imagination.
C. Parents' education. D. Child-parent relationship.
3. How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play？ ______
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
B
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock'n'roll.Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand，the scientists say.
"Technically，I think what they're proposing is possible，"physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there's no obvious answer.On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds（滑板）.Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier，workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat，as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，who led the new study.West said，"I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought，'Why don't they just try rolling the things？'"A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides，he realized.That，he notes，should make a block of stone"a lot easier to roll than a square".
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery（滑的）path.
West hasn't tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
4. It's widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______ .
A. rolling them on roads B. pushing them over the sand
C. sliding them on smooth paths D. dragging them on some poles
5. The underlined part"lubricated the paths"in Paragraph 4 means ______ .
A. made the paths wet B. made the paths hard
C. made the paths wide D. made the paths slippery
6. What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 7 refer to？ ______
A. Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B. Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C. Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D. Rolling the blocks with fat.
7. Why is rolling better than sliding according to West？ ______
A. Because more force is needed for sliding.
B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C. Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.
D. Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.
C
"It's raining.It's pouring.The old man is snoring（打鼾）.He bumped his head when he went to bed，and he couldn't get up in the morning." Why couldn't the old man in the children's song get up？（ Let's kindly suppose that he just didn't want to get up） This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight，the body was still producing the hormone（激素） melatonin（褪黑素），which makes people sleepy.
There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior.But how much does rain really affect people's moods and behavior？
In 2008，researchers from the University of Minnesota and Lanzhou University published a paper.They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval（社会动荡） and the downfall of the Tang，Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China.This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation.
But how might rain affect social behavior in the modern world？A 2009 New York Times investigation found that murder rates in New York drop significantly on rainy days.Meanwhile，in Britain，Dr Peter Langmead Jones of Greater Manchester police published a study in 2015 detailing an analysis of 6.6 million police records over one decade in Manchester. "The research showed that the heavier the rainfall，the lower the recorded crime，" he said.
Langmead Jones also found that there is a strong association between heavy rain and relatively few violent crimes recorded including domestic abuse（家庭暴力）.This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes.
It's not all good news though.One study in 1997 concluded that the behavior of children can predict oncoming storms—they were observed to exhibit their worst behavior when barometric（气压的） pressure fell.Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days.
For all the complaints about rain，it does have some characteristics that hold broad appeal.The sound of raindrops can be very comforting and often features in sleep- inducing relaxation apps.The theory behind this is that the pitter-patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise".It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep.So if it's raining where you are，the best thing to do may be to have a nap.
8. The author uses the lyrics of a song in the first paragraph to ______ .
A. introduce the interesting song to readers
B. voice his understanding of why the old man couldn't get u in the morning
C. illustrate one way that wet weather influences human behavior
D. explain why people often get up late on rainy days
9. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the third paragraph？ ______
A. Success. B. Prosperity. C. Failure. D. Development.
10. According to Dr Peter Langmead Jones，relatively few crimes are recorded on rainy days because ______ .
A. people prefer to take a nap at home when it's raining
B. most people are depressed on rainy days
C. people are too lazy to go out when it's raining
D. alcohol consumption is reduced due to wet weather
11. According to the article，the influences that rainy days have on human behavior include ______ .
①decreased grain output
②relatively few criminal records
③higher chance of feeling low in spirits
④more possibility of feeling sleepy
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
D
My mother and sister had gone through Grandma's belongings after her memorial service and decided on the sewing machine for me.I wasn't sure if I was the right person for it，though.I hadn't sewn since taking a class in high school.This would take some experimenting.
I opened the built-in drawer to find Grandma's old pieces of thread.I held her tomato-shaped pincushion （针垫） and thought of all the memories wrapped up in this machine.Grandma had become a tailoress （女裁缝） out of necessity.With four small children to clothe，she'd quickly learned how to sew almost everything they needed.For over 30 years，Grandma kept up with her sewing.She made matching Easter dresses for my sister and me and costumes for our school festivals.She was always in search of a new project，whether it was teaching our neighbors or sewing dresses for the homeless.But for the last several years of her life，dementia （痴呆） had left a shy and silent woman in place of the strong，opinionated，loving grandmother I'd known.
To honor Grandma's memory，I wanted a project to help people the way she had.With the stay-at-home order in place because of COVID-19，I certainly had the time.So I dug out Grandma's machine to sew masks，and read up on how to sew.I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again.After hours of digging through old black-and-white handbooks and sewing lessons online，I operated the machine one more time.I held my breath and pressed down on the pedal.Hurrah!It worked!In no time，my fingers were flying，steadily moving material under the very cooperative needle.When I sewed enough masks for my family，I kept going.I delivered nearly 500 masks to a hard-hit hospital in the area.Quite a big job for an old sewing machine.
A staff member met me outside to receive the donation. "Thank you，" she said，not knowing that any thanks for my efforts belonged to Grandma，who provided the inspiration.
12. Why did the author doubt herself about accepting the sewing machine？ ______
A. She was not fond of it.
B. She didn't usually sew much.
C. She had no interest in sewing.
D. She hoped to donate it to charities.
13. What can be inferred about the author's grandma？ ______
A. She dreamt of being a tailor. B. She kept sewing as a hobby.
C. She was ready to help others. D. She had always been optimistic.
14. The underlined part "read up on" in paragraph 3 can be understood as ______ .
A. studied a lot about B. thought of slowly
C. noticed or observed D. lost one's heart to
15. How would you describe the author's success with the sewing machine？ ______
A. It was a long tiring process for her.
B. It meant overcoming many difficulties.
C. It benefited from her mother and sister.
D. It just took her a few hours to operate it skillfully.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
When it comes to getting a good night's sleep，various habits that we engage in before bedtime can have a significant impact on both the quality as well as the quantity of your rest.（1） ______
●Make your To-Do list for tomorrow
Try making a list of tasks you want to tackle the next day，especially if you find that worrying often keeps you awake.Writing a to-do list can not only help you be more productive the next day but can help establish peace of mind for you to sleep better.（2） ______ .
●Practice gratitude journaling
（ 3） ______ .Making expressing gratitude a part of your routine can help you lead a healthy and happy life.The more you make an effort to notice the things that you feel thankful for，the more you prepare yourself to just naturally feel grateful instead of having to work at it.
●（4） ______
This will take no more than 5 minutes a day but can have a tremendous effect on your personal development.This helps you appreciate your achievements and shape a better tomorrow.Start by acknowledging one or two things you wish had gone better，and end your reflection by thinking of a few wins you had.
The first few nights，it will be a bit difficult for you to stick to your routine but stay determined.（5） ______ Everybody has a different routine and here I've only included practices that I think you should most definitely include in yours.
A.Do some reading
B.Reflect on your day
C.Write down at least 3 things you're thankful for each day.
D.If you're disciplined，you will get on track with your routine.
E.A good night's sleep is an essential condition for a productive day.
F.The following are some of the best evening habits before going to bed.
G.The next day all you've to do is make some essential changes to it and get to work!
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Within a minute's walk of my house there was a wild stretch of unspoiled woodland，where there were blackberry plants，squirrels and their young.I （1） ______ walked in this park with Rex --- a friendly，harmless little dog；and （2） ______ we rarely met anyone in the park，I took Rex along without a leash（狗绳）.
One day we met a mounted policeman in the park，a policeman eager to show his （3） ______ .
"What do you mean by letting that dog run （4） ______ in the park without a leash and a muzzle（口套）？" he shouted at me angrily. "Don't you know it's against the law？"
"Yes，I know it is，" I replied softly， "but I didn't think he would do any（5） ______ out here.
"You didn't think!You didn't think!The law doesn't know about what you think.That dog（6） ______ kill a squirrel or bite a child.Now，I'm going to （7） ______ this time；but if I catch this dog out here again without a leash，you'll have to tell it to the （8） ______ ."
I humbly （9） ______ to obey.
And I did obey --- for a few times.But Rex didn't like the muzzle，and neither did I；so we decided to take a （10） ______ .Everything was lovely for a while，and then we got into （11） ______ .Rex and I raced over the hill one afternoon and there，suddenly --- to my （12） ______ --- I saw the majesty of the law，riding on a horse.Rex was out in a front，heading straight for the officer.
I was in for it.I knew it.So I didn't （13） ______ until the policeman started talking，I beat him to it.I said： " Officer，you've caught me （14） ______ .I'm guilty.I have no alibis，no excuses.You （15） ______ me last week that if I brought the dog out here again without a muzzle you would fine me."
"Well，now，" the policeman responded in a soft tone， "I know it's a （16） ______ to let a little dog like that have a run out here when nobody is around."
"Sure it is，" I replied， " （17） ______ it is against the law."
"Well，a little dog like that isn't going to harm anybody，" the policeman protested.
"No，but he may kill （18） ______ ，" I said.
"Well now，I think you are taking this a bit too seriously，" he told me.
"I'll tell you what you do.You just let him run over the hill there where I can't see him --- and we'll forget all about it."
That policeman，being human，wanted a feeling of （19） ______ ；so when I began to condemn myself，the only way he could nourish his self-esteem was to take the kind and generous attitude showing （20） ______ .
21. A. seldom B. sometimes C. frequently D. never
22. A. when B. since C. if D. while
23. A. authority B. force C. magic D. dignity
24. A. loose B. freely C. wildly D. quickly
25. A. wrong B. damage C. good D. harm
26. A. can B. might C. will D. must
27. A. give you up B. let you off C. give in to you D. put up with you
28. A. owner B. policeman C. judge D. children
29. A. listened B. promised C. agreed D. kept
30. A. change B. chance C. charge D. cheat
31. A. trap B. difficulty C. trouble D. shape
32. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. regret
33. A. wait B. move C. say D. walk
34. A. on the scene B. blue-blooded C. in spot D. red-handed
35. A. warned B. told C. informed D. taught
36. A. appeal B. temptation C. urge D. crime
37. A. and B. so C. but D. because
38. A. blackberry B. birds C. children D. squirrels
39. A. importance B. achievement C. happiness D. respect
40. A. sympathy B. regret C. mercy D. optimism
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. Many kinds of music can stir the imagination and produce strong feeling.For some people，romantic composers such as Chopin increase（1） ______ （feel） of love and sympathy.Religious and spiritual music can help some people feel peace. （2） ______ one musician seems to have a unique ability of healing the human body—Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.Scientists （3） ______ （find） Mozart's music to be remarkable in its ability（4） ______ （calm） its listeners.It can also help them express themselves more clearly.
Many amazing cases have been documented using Mozart as a healing aid.For example，a tiny baby（5） ______ （ name） Kissy，who weighed just 1.5 pounds at birth，was on total life support.Doctors thought she had little chance of survival.Her mother insisted （6） ______ playing Mozart for Kissy，and thought it saved her daughter's life.Kissy lived，but she was very small for her age and （7） ______ （slow） than the average child.At the age of four，she showed （8） ______ interest in music and her parents gave her violin lessons.
To their （9） ______ （astonish），Kissy was able to play musical pieces from memory that were far beyond the ability of an average four-year-old. （10） ______ （ play） music helped her improve in all areas of her life.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作业，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有-10处语言错误。每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When I was on my way to school on last Saturday afternoon,I saw a mother and her son preparing go across the street.A mother was going to run the red light while her son prevented her.The mother felt embarrassed and stops.With more and more cars coming into our families,it had greatly improved our lives.But unlucky,it has also brought many problems,such as heavy traffic and traffic accident.Traffic safety is everybody's business and we must obey the rules and we can tell our parents not to drink before we drive,not to run red lights,not to talk and laugh while drive etc.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 假定你是李华，从报纸上得知一个国际中学生组织将到武汉参观，政府部门需要招募英语流利的志愿者。请写一封邮件申请参加，内容包括：
（1）自我介绍（包括英语能力）；
（2）参加意图（介绍武汉及湖北其他城市、了解其他国家）；
（3）希望获准。
注意：
（4）词数80左右；
（5）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Dear Sir or Madam，
Yours， Li Hua
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill（在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好）可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中培养更好的空间技能。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.（Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测）可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的教育程度。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，（男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题）可知。他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。A.They play with puzzles more often.他们更经常玩拼图；B.They tend to talk less during the game.他们倾向于在比赛中少说话；C.They prefer to use more spatial language.他们喜欢使用更多的空间语言；D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.他们可能会玩更难的谜题。故选D。
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4~7.【答案】C、D、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段中的The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.（最受欢迎的观点是，埃及工人沿着光滑的道路滑动石块。）可知，这些石块是由在平坦的道路上滑行运到金字塔遗址的。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第四段中的To make the work easier，以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.（要么用湿粘土，要么用牛的脂肪。）可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑。结合选项：A.made the path wet 把路弄湿了；B.made the path hard 使道路变得艰难；C.made the path wide 把路弄宽了；D.made the path slippery 使路滑了。故选D。
（3）代词指代题。这是考查指代词的指代内容，由于是指代词，可知内容应该在上文，根据第六段的内容However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way ，who led the new study.West said ，"I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought ，'Why don't they just try rolling the things ？'"A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides ，he realized.That ，he notes ，should make a block of stone a lot easier to roll than a square. （然而，物理学家约瑟夫•韦斯特认为有一个更简单的方法，他领导了这项新的研究。韦斯特说："当我观看一个电视节目，展示雪橇如何帮助金字塔的建造时，我受到了启发。我想："他们为什么不试着滚动东西？"一个正方形。他意识到，通过在轮子的侧面安装木杆，可以把轮子变成一种粗糙的轮子，他指出，这样一来，一块石头的滚动要比一块正方形容易得多。）可知，选择A，意为"把杆绑在石块上，然后滚动石块"。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的workers wouldn't have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.（工人们不需要携带牛油或水来铺平道路。）可知，滚动石块不需要有准备工作，故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】C、C、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的This was possibly because in the absence of sunlight，the body was still producing the hormone （激素） melatonin （褪黑素），which makes people sleepy. （这可能是因为在没有阳光的环境下，身体仍在产生褪黑激素，让人昏昏欲睡。）和第二段的There are many ways that rainfall affects human behavior. （降雨影响人类行为的方式有很多。）推知，作者在本段引用一句歌词是为了说明潮湿天气影响人类行为的一种方式。故选C。
（2）词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子They proposed that decreased rainfall was influential in social upheaval （社会动荡） and the downfall of the Tang，Yuan and Ming dynasties in ancient China.（他们提出，降雨减少对中国古代的社会动荡和唐、元、明王朝的downfall有影响。）可知，downfall和social upheaval意思相近。再结合下文"This is thought to be related to reduced rice cultivation. （这被认为与水稻种植减少有关。）可知，在以农耕为主的王朝，水稻种植的减少，最终会导致王朝覆灭。由此猜测downfall意为"灭亡"，A.Success.成功；B.Prosperity.繁荣；C.Failure.失败，灭亡；D.Development.发展。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的This might be because heavy rain stops people from going out to buy alcohol and the reduced alcohol consumption results in fewer crimes. （这可能是因为，由于下大雨，人们无法外出购买酒，而酒的消费量减少，导致犯罪减少。）可知，Langmead-Jones认为下雨天犯罪相对较少是因为酒的消费量减少。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的The research showed that the heavier the rainfall，the lower the recorded crime. （研究表明，降雨量越大，犯罪率就越低），倒数第二段的Another study in 2012 found that women are much more likely to be affected psychologically by rain and that they report much lower levels of life satisfaction than men on rainy days. （2012年的另一项研究发现，女性更容易受到下雨的心理影响，她们在雨天的生活满意度比男性低得多。）和最后一段的The theory behind this is that the pitter- patter of raindrops is a form of "pink noise" .It can decrease brain activity and consequently improves the quality of sleep. （这背后的理论是，雨滴的噼啪声是一种'粉色噪音'。它可以减少大脑活动，从而提高睡眠质量）。可知，根据这篇文章，下雨天对人行为的影响包括：相对少的犯罪记录，情绪低落的几率更高，以及更有可能犯困。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雨对人类行为和情绪的影响。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段I wasn't sure if I was the right person for it，though.I hadn't sewn since taking a class in high school.This would take some experimenting. （但我不确定我是不是合适的人选。自从高中上过一门缝纫课后，我就再也没做过缝纫了。这需要一些实验。）可知，作者怀疑自己是否应接受缝纫机，因为她通常不怎么缝东西。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第二段She was always in search of a new project，whether it was teaching our neighbors or sewing dresses for the homeless. （她总是在寻找新的项目，无论是教我们的邻居，还是为无家可归的人缝制衣服。）可知，作者的外婆乐于助人。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线处后句I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again. （我打开电脑，研究如何使机器重新运转起来。）可知，学习了很多关于缝纫的知识。划线处是研究了很多关于...的意思。A.studied a lot about学习了很多关于；B.thought of slowly慢慢思考；C.noticed or observed注意到或观察到；D.lost one's heart to爱上某人。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第三段I turned on my computer to research how to get the machine going again.After hours of digging through old black-and-white handbooks and sewing lessons online，I operated the machine on more time. （我打开电脑，研究如何使机器重新运转起来。在翻阅了几个小时的黑白旧手册和在线缝纫课程后，我延长了操作机器的时间。）以及I held my breath and pressed down on the pedal.Hurrah!It worked!In no time，my fingers were flying，steadily moving material under the very cooperative needle. （我屏住呼吸，踩下踏板。好哇!它起作用了!不一会儿，我的手指就飞了起来，在非常配合的针下平稳地移动着材料。）可知，她只花了几个小时就熟练地操作了。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在外婆的激励下学会缝纫，帮助他人。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】F、G、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。上文When it comes to getting a good night's sleep，various habits that we engage in before bedtime can have a significant impact on both the quality as well as the quantity of your rest. （当谈到获得良好的睡眠时，我们在睡前养成的各种习惯会对你的休息质量和数量产生重大影响。）说明空格前介绍了睡前好习惯的重要性，二、三、四段分别介绍几个睡前的好习惯，因此F．The following are some of the best evening habits before going to bed.（下面是一些睡前的好习惯。）符合语境，故选F。
（2）联系上文题。上文Writing a to-do list can not only help you be more productive the next day but can help establish peace of mind for you to sleep better.（写一份待办事项清单不仅可以帮助你在第二天更有效率，还可以帮助你建立一种平静的心态，让你睡得更好。）说明制定待办事项清单的好处，与空格处是因果关系，选项G中it指代前一句中的to-do list，因此G．The next day all you've to do is make some essential changes to it and get to work!（第二天，你所要做的就是对它做一些必要的改变，然后开始工作！）符合语境，故选G。
（3）推理判断题。本段标题Practice gratitude journaling （练习写感恩日记），说明的是要坚持写日记，因此C．Write down at least 3 things you're thankful for each day.（每天至少写下3件你感激的事。）是写感恩日记的具体体现，符合语境，故选C。
（4）段落标题题。下文Start by acknowledging one or two things you wish had gone better，and end your reflection by thinking of a few wins you had.（首先以承认一两件你但愿做得更好的事情开始，然后以回想一下你已经取得的胜利来结束你的反思。）介绍的是睡前反思的益处和具体做法，因此B．Reflect on your day（反思你的一天）概括段意，故选B。
（5）联系上文题。上文The first few nights，it will be a bit difficult for you to stick to your routine but stay determined.（最初的几个晚上，要坚持你的计划会有点困难，但一定要有决心。）说明即使有困难也要坚持下去，因此D．If you're disciplined，you will get on track with your routine.（如果你有自律性，你的生活习惯就会步入正确的轨道。）说明了坚持下去的结果和意义，故选D。
本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个睡前的好习惯。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~40.【答案】C、B、A、A、D、B、B、C、B、B、C、B、A、D、A、B、C、D、A、C
【解析】（1）C．考查副词及语境理解．A．seldom很少；B．sometimes有时；C．frequently经常；D．never从来没有．我经常和雷克斯在这个公园里散步，雷克斯是一只友好、无害的小狗．故选C．
（2）B．考查连词及语境理解．A．when什么时候；B．since因为；自从；C．if如果；D．while当…时候．因为我们很少在公园里遇见任何人，所以我没有系上皮带就带着雷克斯走了．根据下文 I took Rex along without a leash可知是因为．故选B．
（3）A．考查名词及语境理解．A．authority权威；B．force武力；C．magic魔术；D．dignity尊严．一天，我们在公园里遇到一个骑马的警察，一个急于显示自己权威的警察．故选A．
（4）A．考查形容词及语境理解．A．loose松散的；B．freely自由地；C．wildly疯狂地；D．quickly快地．你让那条狗在公园里乱跑是什么意思？根据下文 without a leash and a muzzle可知是乱跑．run loose：放纵，乱跑．故选A．
（5）D．考查形容词及语境理解．A．wrong错的；B．damage损坏；C．good很好的；D．harm危害．但我不认为他会在这里造成任何伤害．根据上文a friendly，harmless little dog可知是无害的．do harm to：对…造成伤害．故选D．
（6）B．考查情态动词及语境理解．A．can能够；B．might可能；C．will将会；D．must必须．那条狗可能会杀死一只松鼠或咬一个孩子．故选B．
（7）B．考查动词短语及语境理解．A．give you up放弃你；B．let you off放开你；C．give in to you向你屈服；D．put up with you忍受你．现在，这次我会放你走．故选B．
（8）C．考查名词及语境理解．A．owner业主；B．policeman警察；C．judge法官；D．children儿童．但如果再不拴狗绳，让我在外面逮到这条狗，你得告诉法官．故选C．
（9）B．考查动词及语境理解．A．listened听；B．promised承诺；C．agreed同意；D．kept保留．我谦恭地承诺遵守．故选B．
（10）B．考查名词及语境理解．A．change改变；B．chance机会；C．charge控告；充电；D．cheat欺骗．但是雷克斯不喜欢口套，我也不喜欢，所以我们决定冒险一试．take a chance：冒险．故选B．
（11）C．考查名词及语境理解．A．trap陷阱；B．difficulty困难；C．trouble麻烦；D．shape形状．然后我们陷入了麻烦．根据下文I saw the majesty of the law，riding on a horse．可知是陷入麻烦．故选C．
（12）B．考查名词及语境理解．A．disappointment失望；B．surprise惊讶；C．joy欢乐；D．regret后悔．令我惊讶的是．故选B．
（13）A．考查动词及语境理解．A．wait等等；B．move移动；C．say说；D．walk步行．所以我没有等到警察开口说话．故选A．
（14）D．考查固定搭配及语境理解．A．on the scene在现场；B．blue-blooded出身皇族（或贵族）的；C．in spot当场；D．red-handed当场抓获；血淋淋的；残忍的．你当场抓住了我．故选D．
（15）A．考查动词及语境理解．A．warned警告；B．told告诉；C．informed通知；D．taught教授．你上周警告过我，如果我再把狗带到这里来，你会罚款的．故选A．
（16）B．考查名词及语境理解．A．appeal上诉；B．temptation诱惑；C．urge催促；D．crime犯罪．我知道，在没有人的情况下，让这样的小狗跑出去是一种诱惑．故选B．
（17）C．考查连词及语境理解．A．and和；B．so所以；C．but但是；D．because因为．"当然可以，"我回答，"但这是违法的．"故选C．
（18）D．考查名词及语境理解．A．blackberry黑莓；B．birds鸟；C．children儿童；D．squirrels松鼠．"不，但他可能会杀松鼠的，"我说．根据上文kill a squirrel or bite a child可知是松鼠．故选D．
（19）A．考查名词及语境理解．A．importance重要性；B．achievement成就；C．happiness幸福；D．respect尊重．那个警察，作为一个普通人，想要一种重要的感觉．根据下文the only way he could nourish his self-esteem 可知是重要．故选A．
（20）C．考查名词及语境理解．A．sympathy同情；B．regret后悔；C．mercy仁慈；D．optimism乐观．所以，当我开始谴责自己的时候，他能培养自尊的唯一方法就是采取仁慈和慷慨的态度．故选C．
文章讲述了作者遛狗的时候遇到一名警察，谴责他没有栓狗带或者带口套，作者灵活机智地应对，免于惩罚．
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高．做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意．一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容．千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致．选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．
41.【答案】【小题1】feelings
【小题2】But
【小题3】have found
【小题4】to calm
【小题5】named
【小题6】on
【小题7】slower
【小题8】an
【小题9】astonishment
【小题10】Playing
【解析】（1）考查名词复数。句意：对一些人来说，像肖邦这样的浪漫主义作曲家会增加爱和同情的感觉。根据increase可知空处作动词的宾语，使用名词；feeling是可数名词，此处表示泛指使用复数形式。故填feelings。
（2）考查连词。句意：但有一位音乐家似乎拥有治愈人体的独特能力——沃尔夫冈•阿玛迪斯•莫扎特。根据句意可知前后句子之间是转折关系。故填But。
（3）考查时态。句意：科学家们发现莫扎特的音乐能够让听众平静下来，这是一种非凡的音乐。分析句子，空处作定语，修饰名词ability，应用不定式形式作后置定语。故填to calm。根据句意可知句子时态为现在完成时，主语是scientists。故填have found。
（4）考查不定式。句意：科学家们发现莫扎特的音乐能够让听众平静下来，这是一种非凡的音乐。分析句子，空处作定语，修饰名词ability，应用不定式形式作后置定语。故填to calm。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：例如，一个名叫Kissy的早产儿，出生时体重只有1.5磅，正在接受全面的生命支持。分析句子，空处修饰baby，且name与逻辑主语baby之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填named。
（6）考查固定搭配。句意：她的母亲坚持为Kissy演奏莫扎特的音乐，并认为这救了她的命。insist on doing sth.为固定搭配，意为"坚持做某事"。故填on。
（7）考查比较级。句意：Kissy活了下来，但就她的年龄来说，她个子太小了，比一般的孩子都迟钝。根据was可知空处使用形容词，由than可知此处使用形容词的比较级。故填slower。
（8）考查冠词。句意：四岁时，她表现出对音乐的兴趣，她的父母给她上小提琴课。根据句意可知此处泛指"对……的兴趣"，interest以元音音素开头。故填an。
（9）考查名词。句意：令他们惊讶的是，Kissy能够凭记忆演奏乐曲，这远远超出了一个普通四岁孩子的能力。考查固定短语。to one's astonishment为固定短语，表示"令某人惊讶的是"。故填astonishment。
（10）考查动名词。句意：演奏音乐帮助她在生活的各个方面都有所进步。分析句子，空处作句子主语，应用动名词形式。故填Playing。
这是一篇说明文。文章以一位早产儿为例，介绍了音乐的治愈能力。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】When I was on my way to school on last Saturday afternoon,I saw a mother and her son preparing∧ go across the street. mother was going to run the red light her son prevented her.The mother felt embarrased and .With more and more cars coming into our families,it greatly improved our lives.But ，it has also brought many problems,such as heavy traffic and traffic .Traffic safety is everybody's business and we must obey the rules.We can tell our parents not to drink before drive,not to run red lights,not to talk and laugh while etc.
详解：
（1）删除last前on.考查固定短语。句意：上周六下午，当我在去学校的路上时，我看到一位母亲和她的儿子正准备过马路。短语last Saturday afternoon表示"上周五下午"，前面不需要介词。故删除last前on。（2）preparing后添加to.考查固定短语。句意：上周六下午，当我在去学校的路上时，我看到一位母亲和她的儿子正准备过马路。短语prepare to do sth.表示"准备做某事"。故preparing后添加to。
（3）A改为The.考查冠词。句意：母亲正要闯红灯，这时儿子拦住了她。此处特指上文提到的mother,应用定冠词the。故A改为The。
（4）while改为when.考查固定句型。句意：母亲正要闯红灯，这时儿子拦住了她。此处为句型sb.be going to do sth.when…表示"某人正要做某事，这时……"。故while改为when。
（5）stops改为stopped.考查动词时态。句意：母亲觉得不好意思，停了下来。事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故stops改为stopped。
（6）had改为has.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：随着越来越多的汽车进入我们的家庭，极大地改善了我们的生活。此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，用现在完成时，主语为it,助动词用has。故had改为has。
（7）unlucky改为unluckily.考查副词。句意：但不幸的是，它也带来了许多问题，如交通拥挤和交通事故。修饰后文整个句子应用副词unluckily,作状语。故unlucky改为unluckily。
（8）accident改为accidents.考查可数名词的复数。句意：但不幸的是，它也带来了许多问题，如交通拥挤和交通事故。accident为可数名词，前文没有冠词，应用复数形式。故accident改为accidents。
（9）we改为they.考查代词。句意：交通安全是每个人的事，我们必须遵守规则，我们可以告诉我们的父母在开车前他们不要喝酒，不要闯红灯，不要在开车时说话和笑等等。此处指上文的"our parents"应用代词they。故we改为they。
（10）drive改为driving.考查省略句。句意：交通安全是每个人的事，我们必须遵守规则，我们可以告诉我们的父母在开车前不要喝酒，不要闯红灯，不要在开车时说话和笑等等。在while引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be,从句完整形式为while they are driving,相当于省略了they are。故drive改为driving。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者上周六看到一位母亲闯红灯，被儿子制止了，感悟到交通安全是每个人的事，我们必须遵守规则，我们可以告诉我们的父母在开车前不要喝酒，不要闯红灯，不要在开车时说话和笑等等。
1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。
2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答（即改词、加词或减词）。
3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法（如加词、减词等）没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。
43.【答案】Dear Dear Sir or Madam，
I'm Li Hua，a middle school student from China.Interested in the announcement of the activity you have posted on the newspaper，I'm writing to apply to be one of the members.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
As an outgoing and warm-hearted girl，I'm more than willing to communicate with others.（自我介绍）More importantly，my good command of spoken English enables me to introduce Wuhan and other cities to students from other countries，and meanwhile learn about their countries as well.This is definitely a good chance to broaden my horizons.（参加意图）
I do hope you can take my application into consideration.【高分句型二】（希望获准）
Looking forward to your reply.（盼望）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Interested in the announcement of the activity you have posted on the newspaper，I'm writing to apply to be one of the members.
译文：因为对你在报纸上发布的活动公告感兴趣，我写信申请成为其中一员。
分析：这句话使用了形容词短语Interested in the announcement of the activity you have posted on the newspaper作状语，you have posted on the newspaper是定语从句修饰activity。
高分句型二：I do hope you can take my application into consideration.
译文：我真的希望你能考虑我的申请。
分析：这句话使用了助动词do+动词原形，表示强调。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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