2023届北京市第四中学高三下学期保温测试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力部分）

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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
共 9页
高三英语试卷
（试卷满分为 100分，考试时间为 90分钟）
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，共 30分）
第一节 完形填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，
选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Jake and Max Klein are twin brothers who have a passion for volunteering. Their
family have always done community
chose to family’s gifts at their birthday parties, but asked them to donate
money to a charity. When they were seven, Jake and Max were interested in
volunteering with a family friend at the local homeless shelter to help cook.
he turned them down because they were too young and they had to be fourteen to cook.
This led them on an endless to come up with a way to help other kids who were
also facing a similar challenge: wanting to help but because of their age.
So, Kids That Do Good was to show ways to kids or adults, at any age,
1
. At a very young age, they both
2
3
,
4
5
6
they could join the community and make a
a large website that brings thousands of
7
. The small project has grown into
visitors each year. Jake and Max say
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that their website brings 35,000 unique viewers, of whom, Kids That Do Good has
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kids to 16,000 organizations.
Jake and Max are
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with school and after-class activities and other
community service promises. Kids That Do Good also has blog posts that advise kids
on building their own charitable event.
1. A. surveys
2. A. sort out
3. A. Unfortunately
4. A. task
B. services
B. play with
B. Happily
B. ability
C. duties
D. businesses
D. put away
D. Gratefully
D. determination
D. praised
C. give up
C. Honestly
C. chance
C. denied
C. named
C. comment
C. amazed
C. contributed
C. busy
5. A. joked
B. blamed
B. allowed
B. difference
B. satisfied
B. exposed
B. patient
6. A. advised
7. A. judgment
8. A. pleased
9. A. connected
10. A. familiar
D. created
D. decision
D. interested
D. applied
D. content
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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第二节 语法填空（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共 15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当
的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
The protection of the Yellow River is one of the top concerns for Chinese
leadership. In the past two decades, the Chinese government
the protection of wetlands along the Yellow River, (make) various wild birds
gather in this area. The rising number of wild birds has brought a benefit for
birdwatchers, who are very thankful for the government has done for the
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(strengthen)
12
13
people. Further efforts will be made to bring more beautiful environment to the Yellow
River.
B
One evening I was going back from a supermarket. As I approached my car, I
noticed one person
14
seemed a bum (流浪汉) standing beside me. I expected
that he would ask me
15
some money, so I asked him if he needed help and his
response was “Don’t we all?” I have never heard words
16
(astonishing) than
those. Although I had money and a place
17
(sleep) in, I recognized that I
needed help too. It was a true discovery to me.
C
China plans to complete the construction of a space station and have it put into
operation around 2022, said Zhou Jianping, the chief designer of China’s manned space
program, at a forum (论坛)
station was designed to weigh 100 tonnes and accommodate three astronauts. The main
goal of the construction of the space station (be) to enable China to carry
out long-term manned scientific (experiment) in near-Earth space. The
18
(hold) in Guangdong Province. The space
19
20
space station will be built as China’s main platform for space science research.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节；共 38分）
第一节（共 14小题；每小题 2分，共 28分）
A
Get involved with our research
Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you. Whether
it’s using your home PC, taking part in a clinical trial, or simply volunteering your time
for a study, you may be able to contribute to some of the ground-breaking projects
which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research. Watch this space for
ways in which you could get involved.
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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Seeking poor sleepers for insomnia research
Trouble sleeping? Researchers from the Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute
are evaluating different interventions aimed at improving sleep. We are looking for poor
sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65. Participation will involve spending overnights
in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, monitoring your sleep/wake cycle, and completing
computerised tasks. If you are interested, please contact the research team at
insomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.uk
Volunteers with lazy eye wanted
We are looking for volunteers with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain
scanning study. We are looking for healthy volunteers aged 18-45 with a history of lazy
eye. You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check your
suitability for an MRI scan. Call 01865 223622 for more information.
Oxford Vaccine Group
The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent multi-disciplinary (多学科的 )
clinical trials group. OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved
vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, enhancing the
understanding of immunity and studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases. To
get more information, please see the OVG website.
Oxford Experimental lab for the Social Sciences
The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recruiting
individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing
behavior as well as economic and political decision-making. We pay our subjects well,
there are no special skills required and you don’t have to come to the lab in person
Contact us at socialscience.study @ox.ac.uk for more information.
21. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To offer medical help to patients.
B. To look for experienced researchers.
C. To introduce new research programs.
D. To recruit volunteers for research projects.
22. The goal of OVG is to________.
A. carry out clinical trials
B. produce better vaccines
C. learn more about infection
D. study the causes of diseases
23. You can finish the experiment on your home PC if you join________.
A. Oxford Vaccine Group
C. Oxford Experimental lab
B. Insomnia research group
D. Brain Scanning study group
B
My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, “She may
not be up to what we’re trying to accomplish.” He was really saying she didn’t have the
intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I
was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested. I decided to get myself tested
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had —
dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award
for “The Rockford Files.”
If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was
a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was
writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me,
because I did badly in all my courses.
I once asked a friend who had always gotten an A, “How long did you study for
this?” He said, “I didn’t. I just glanced at it.” So he must be smarter. I began to ask,
“What will happen to me when I’m not good at anything?” Despite my doubts, I did
become successful, and people now say to me, “So you’ve overcome dyslexia.”
No. You don’t overcome it, you learn to compensate for it. Some easy things are
very hard for me. Most people who go through college read twice as fast as I do. I avoid
dialing a phone if I can, because I sometimes have to try three times to get the number
right.
Despite my weaknesses I view dyslexia as a gift, not a curse (诅咒). Many
dyslexics are good at right-brain, abstract thought, and that’s what my kind of creative
writing is. And I can write quickly, and can get up to 15 pages a day. Writing is my
strength.
The real fear I have for dyslexic children is not they have to struggle in school, but
that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school. Parents have to create
victories for them, whether it’s music, sports or art. You can make your dyslexic child
able to say, “Yeah, reading is hard. But I have other things I can do.”
24. The writer decided to get himself tested as well because he________.
A. wanted to know if they had the same problem
B. didn’t believe his daughter had the problem
C. had to take a regular medical examination
D. accepted that his daughter was not smart
25. We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer________.
A. struggled and got better grades
B. didn’t work hard when he was young
C. was praised for overcoming dyslexia
D. was thankful for not knowing of dyslexia earlier
26. According to the passage, a dyslexic person________.
A. is less intelligent
B. always fails in school
C. reads more slowly than normal people
D. performs worse in left-brain activities
27. What can we learn from the story?
A. Clumsy birds have to start flying early.
B. God shuts one door but opens another.
C. Never judge a person by his appearance.
D. No one can make a good coat with bad cloth.
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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C
Researchers say a new electrical device placed in three paralyzed patients has
helped them walk again. The lower bodies of the three patients were left paralyzed after
they suffered spinal (脊柱的) cord injuries. But a device implanted in the spinal cord
was able to send electrical signals to the muscles to permit them to stand, walk and
exercise.
Scientists have discovered that neurons—which receive and send signals for
muscle movements—often still work in injured patients with serious spinal cord
injuries. However, past research into spinal cord injuries has centered on the stimulation
of neurons. Now in the latest experiment led by Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch
of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, three paralyzed men were
implanted a new electrical device designed to copy an action of the brain, in which it
sends signals to the spinal cord that result in muscle movement. When the spinal cord
receives the brain signals, it stimulates a collection of nerve cells that can activate
different muscles.
The researchers reported that all three patients who got the spinal cord implants
were able to take their first steps within an hour after receiving them. Over the next six
months, the patients regained the ability to take part in more advanced walking
activities, the study found. They were also able to ride bicycles and swim in community
settings.
Unlike other attempts to help paralyzed patients walk by stimulating nerves
through the back of the spine, Courtine said that his team redesigned the devices so
signals would enter the spine from the sides. This method permits more direct targeting
and activation of spinal cord areas, he said.
The team then developed artificial intelligence (AI) systems linked to the device.
The AI controls electrodes on the device to send signals to stimulate individual nerves
that control muscles needed for walking and other activities. However, because the
patients’ muscles were weak from not being used, they needed help with supporting
their weight, the researchers said. It also took some time for them to learn to work with
the technology. Still, Bloch said, “The more they train, the more they start lifting their
muscles, the more fluid it becomes.”
28. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. Courtine and Bloch have found that neurons in paralyzed patients still work.
B. The new electrical device can imitate the brain to send signals to the spinal
cord.
C. Three paralyzed men recovered with the help of a new electrical device.
D. Stimulating the neurons is the focus of the latest research into spinal cord
injuries.
29. How does the new device stimulate the spinal cord areas more directly?
A. By stimulating nerves through the back of the spine.
B. By using the AI system.
C. By making signals enter the spine from the sides.
D. By sending the signals to the brain.
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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30. Which can best describe Bloch’s idea in the last paragraph?
A. Every garden has its weeds. B. Put the cart (运货马车) before the horse.
C. It’s hard to please all.
D. Practice makes perfect.
31. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To report the consequence of spinal cord injuries.
B. To introduce the findings of a recent research.
C. To compare a recent research with other previous researches.
D. To recommend a treatment for paralyzed patients.
D
The term “labor shortage” was Googled more in May. Headline after headline has
cited wage rises and bonuses that seem to make it a job hunter’s market.
The concept sounds simple — American companies must be struggling to find the
employees they need. Yet some labor economists would argue the picture isn’t complete.
Employers are unable to find the workers they want at the wages they’re willing to pay.
Failing to appreciate this distinction could lead to policy errors down the road.
The laws of supply and demand should make spotting labor shortages relatively
straightforward. When there aren’t enough workers, employers pay more to get them
and wages go up.
Yet quickening wage growth isn’t the only mark of a shortage. The sign is seeing
this trend alongside stalling (停滞) job growth. Just look at what’s been happening in
the leisure and hotel industry, among the most bruised by the COVID-19 shutdown.
After jobs almost disappeared during the pandemic, we’re starting to see a rebound: In
May, the industry created 292,000 jobs, far outpacing other corners of the economy.
Meanwhile, average weekly earnings have been rising faster. In other words, the market
is working to resolve a shortage: When employers lift wages, they’re able to attract the
employees they need. Yet, the industry wages are only just meeting pre-COVID levels;
they are not too high.
To assess a shortage accurately, though, you need to look beyond industries to
specific locations and occupations. The taxicab queuing model was used to address the
debate about a shortage of workers in engineering. Employers and job openings can be
thought of as taxis, while workers are a line of waiting passengers. Depending on your
location, there may be a long line of taxis (say, at the airport), or on the contrary a long
line of passengers (at a hotel). Demand for chemistry engineers in Texas, for example,
is different from chemistry engineers in Massachusetts.
The bottom line is that, in the market, shortages are not universal. Simultaneous
shortages and surpluses can come to the force across the economy at any given point,
which is why broad-brush policies can be counterproductive.
32. What does May’s rebound jobs in the leisure and hotel industry tell us?
A. The leisure and hotel industry is doing a very successful business.
B. Rapid wage growth connects with stalling employment growth.
C. The economy recovered quickly after the COVID-19.
D. Employees are eager to work after the COVID-19.
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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33. Why does the author mention “The taxicab queuing model” in paragraph 5?
A. To explain an opinion.
C. To present a fact.
B. To clarify a concept.
D. To make a prediction.
34. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Job market is expected to be stronger
B. Take wisdom to assess labor shortages
C. Competitors are eager to keep talent
D. Let the market fix labor shortages
第二节（共 5小题；每小题 2分，共 10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项
中有两项为多余选项。
My, what a big beak you have!
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology.
More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to
make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 35 In a paper published in Trends
& Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows
that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal
species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by
between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-
eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern.
36
All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for
Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot
places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions.
37
Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal
place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the
Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when
dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an
anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the
evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the
changes.
38
The team combined data from different species in different places.
Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change
is the most reasonable explanation.
39
That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary
adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go.
Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and
bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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A. However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B. For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%.
C. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors.
D. It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to.
E. Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’
bodies.
F. Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to
release extra heat.
G. Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger
ears, legs and wings.
第三部分：书面表达（共三节，共 32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5
分，共 12分）
阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew
Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination
of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take
decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process—taking in
information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge,
checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then
making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same
thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t
necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their
depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the
right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir
Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more
responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line
supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion
of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment
with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I
won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their
careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming
everything was fine.
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北京四中 2022—2023学年度第二学期高三年级保温测试
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Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the
service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over
machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be
able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment.
But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects
of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and
when to leave it to people.
40. What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement?
41. Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing?
42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and
explain why.
Ø Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never
exercise judgment as well as humans.
43. Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making
judgements? Why or why not? ( In about 40 words)
第二节 应用文写作（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友 Jim询问你高考之后对大学
生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：
1.对大学生活和学习的准备；
2.进行这些准备的理由。
注意: 1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
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