2022-2023学年北京市海淀区高三英语查缺补漏题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年北京市海淀区高三英语查缺补漏题含答案，共33页。试卷主要包含了 A， hbbies等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 英语
老师们好!这是咱们的查漏补缺题，题目不是以套题的形式呈现，请大家根据各校的实际情况，有选择的进行查漏补缺。
完形填空

My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and ____1____ around us.
Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of ____2____ at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who ____3____ care. Watering the plant ____4____ me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver.
However, after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant ____5____ began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept ____6____ and dropping to the floor.
“I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!”
Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and ____7____.
It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own ____8____—something over which I had no control.
As my ____9____ lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again.
Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can ____10____.
1. A. alive B. primitive C. delicate D. mature
2 A. warmth B. relief C. achievement D. security
3. A. valued B. needed C. provided D. lacked
4. A. added B. connected C. adapted D. compared
5. A. casually B. interestingly C. genuinely D. mysteriously
6. A. spreading B. browning C. waving D. dancing
7. A. fearful B. innocent C. faithful D. dishonest
8. A. dream B. success C. capability D. survival
9. A. discontent B. anxiety C. doubt D. sympathy
10. A. give B. share C. decide D. preserve
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了得了脑癌之后，作者开始养绿植，结果因为自己的焦虑让叶子开始变黄，作者意识到了自己的错误观念，减轻了焦虑，绿植也恢复了健康。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在我被诊断出患有脑癌之后，我喜欢我们周围有绿色和有生命的东西的想法。A. alive有生命的，活着的；B. primitive原始的；C. delicate柔和的；D. mature成熟的。根据后文“I loved the idea of having something green and”指绿色有生命的东西，故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：照顾这棵植物给了我一种成就感，因为我有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用。A. warmth温暖；B. relief安慰；C. achievement成就；D. security安全。根据后文“at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited”可知，作者有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用，所以照顾这棵植物给了自己一种成就感，故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生，我已经习惯了提供护理。A. valued重视；B. needed需要；C. provided提供；D. lacked缺少。根据后文“I could still be a caregiver”指提供护理，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：给植物浇水让我想起了我过去身份的一个核心部分，并让我知道我仍然可以成为一名照顾者。A. added增加；B. connected联系；C. adapted改编；D. compared比较。根据后文“me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver”可知，给植物浇水让作者想起了过去身份的核心部分，connect sb. to表示“将……与联系”。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在完美的条件下生长了几个星期后，植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。A. casually随意地；B. interestingly有趣地；C. genuinely真诚地；D. mysteriously难以理解地，神秘地。根据后文“No matter what I did, the leaves kept”植物开始掉叶子，可知，作者也不知为何植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管我怎么做，叶子还是变黄掉到地上。A. spreading传播；B. browning褐变；C. waving挥舞；D. dancing舞蹈。根据后文“and dropping to the floor”指叶子变黄掉到地上。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当树挣扎时，我感到越来越不安和恐惧。A. fearful害怕的；B. innocent无辜的；C. faithful忠实的；D. dishonest不诚实的。根据上文“I felt increasingly uneasy and”可知，树的状态让作者感到不安和害怕。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，当我从手术中恢复过来时，我意识到我错误地把我对植物的精心培育——我至少还能控制的事情——和我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。A. dream梦想；B. success成功；C. capability能力；D. survival幸存。结合上文可知作者得了癌症，所以是生存是无法控制的事情。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始学习在线教程，弄清楚如何照顾这棵树。A. discontent不满足；B. anxiety焦虑；C. doubt怀疑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant”可知，作者明白了其中的道理，焦虑也减轻了。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我看着新花盆里的树，我就会放松下来，想想我能决定的事情。A. give给予；B. share分享；C. decide决定；D. preserve保护。呼应上文“something over which I had at least some control”指作者开始思考自己能够控制决定的事情。故选C。
语法填空
第一组
A
语法填空。
When Suki heard she was to be laid off, her first reaction was fear for what it could mean for her career. “I was initially scared because I ____11____ (see) layoffs happening all across the tech industry, so I worried I wouldn’t be able to find another job.”
A few days later, she put her video skills to use, sharing a video online that highlighted the new ____12____ (hobby) she’d found time to take up after being laid off. The video struck a chord, ____13____ (score) thousands of likes, and prompting a flood of recruiters to get in touch.
【答案】11. had seen
12. hobbies
13. scoring
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了从科技行业失业的Suki在网上分享了自己失业后从事新爱好的视频，获得了数千个赞，并促使大量招聘人员与她取得联系。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：一开始我很害怕，因为我看到整个科技行业都在裁员，所以我担心我找不到另一份工作了。此处see发生在worried之前，worried为一般过去时，故此处应用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去，故填had seen。
【12题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：几天后，她运用了视频技能，在网上分享了一段视频，强调了她在被解雇后抽出时间从事的新爱好。此处“hobby爱好”为可数名词，且此处为复数意义，故应用其复数形式，故填hobbies。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这段视频引起了共鸣，获得了数千个赞，并促使大量招聘人员与她取得联系。此处作结果状语，score与主语The video之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填scoring。
B
语法填空。
While engagement has never been more challenging for schools to achieve, it’s also ____14____(critical) than ever. Engagement is more than just ensuring that lessons are fun. Upon deeper examination, engagement and motivation ____15____ (drive) by several factors. Do students get an opportunity to help shape their goals and the process by which they are learning to achieve them? Does every student feel ____16____ (support) at school? Do students understand the value of ____17____ they’re learning and believe that this value outweighs the cost of effort? When these things are true, learning happens.
【答案】14. more critical
15. are driven
16. supported
17. what
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了影响学校的参与度的几个因素。
【14题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：虽然参与度对学校来说从未像现在这样具有挑战性，但它也比之前更重要。根据空后的“than ever”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级作表语，故填more crucial。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：经过深入的研究，参与度和驱动力由几个因素决定。此处作谓语动词，engagement and motivation作主语，为复数，主语与drive之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are driven。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：每个学生在学校都感到被支持吗？此处students与support之间为被动关系，故此处应用过去分词supported作表语，故填supported。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：学生是否理解他们正在学的东西的价值，并认为这种价值超过了努力的成本？此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意思为“什么”，故应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
C
语法填空。
While China celebrates the year of the rabbit, many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed decorations. How the cat substituted for the rabbit ____18____ (remain) debatable. Some suppose the custom has to do with language. In old Chinese, the word tied to the rabbit year is pronounced “mao (卯)”____19____ pronunciation is similar to mèo, the Vietnamese word for cat. Some think it relates to landscape. Originally the Chinese preferred a lifestyle close to wilderness, choosing rabbit as an animal living in the wild fields. In contrast, the Vietnamese chose the cat because they treated cats ____20____ friends living in their houses.
【答案】18. remains
19. whose 20. as
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要解释了在兔年的时候，越南人购买以猫为主题，而不是以兔为主题的装饰物的原因。
【18题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：猫是如何替代兔子的仍有争议。主语为how引导的主语从句，谓语动词用单数，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填remains。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。在古汉语中，与兔年有关的单词发音为“mao(卯)”，它的发音类似于“mèo”，越南语中猫的意思。此处引导定语从句，先行词为mao (卯)，指物，关系词在定语从句中作pronunciation的定语，应用whose引导，故填whose。
【20题详解】
考查介词。相比之下，越南人选择猫是因为他们把猫当作是住在家里的朋友。此处意为“把……当作……”，表达为treat…as…，应用介词as，故填as。
第二组
A
语法填空。
Six young men all responded to the calls for help from inside a wrecked car one recent morning when they ____21____ (walk) to school. A woman, ____22____ (believe) to be in her 50s, collided with another vehicle. The impact jammed both her passenger and driver’s side doors shut. Together, the young men worked to open the passenger door in an effort ____23____ (save) the woman trapped in the car. The group of guys succeeded in freeing the woman trapped in her car. And they have received significant attention ____24____ their heroic act.
【答案】21. were walking
22. believed
23. to save
24. for
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了六个年轻人营救被困在车内的女子的事情。
【21题详解】
考查时态。句意：最近的一天早上，六名年轻男子步行前往学校时，对被撞车内传来的呼救声作出了回应。此处when引导时间状语从句，此处表示动作正在进行，故应用正在进行时，主语they为复数，且此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故填were walking。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一名据说50多岁的妇女与另一辆车相撞。此处作定语，修饰woman，woman与believe之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填believed。
【23题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：两名年轻男子合力打开乘客车门，成功就出了被困车内的女子。此处意为“努力做某事”，表达为in an effort to do，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to save。
【24题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们的英勇行为受到了极大的关注。此处意为“因为，由于”，故应用介词for，故填for。
B
语法填空。
The origin of volunteering can be traced back to the 12th century Britain, ____25____ there were more than 500 hospitals operated by volunteers. The word “volunteering”, taken from the French volontaire, started ____26____ (use) in the 18th century when people were willingly joining the military service. However, today, the word is more connected with community service.
It may surprise some that the biggest revolution in volunteering ____27____ (bring) by the invention of the Internet. Helpful platforms were raised, and more volunteers became interested when they found out about various opportunities.
【答案】25. where
26. being used##to be used
27. was brought
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了志愿者服务的来源和发展。
【25题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：志愿者服务的起源可以追溯到12世纪的英国，当时英国有500多家志愿者经营的医院。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Britain，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导定语从句，故填where。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“志愿者服务”一词取自法语volontaire，于18世纪，当时人们自愿参军，开始被使用。此处“开始做某事”表达为start to do…或者start doing…，The word “volunteering”与use之间为被动关系，故应填to be used/ being used。
【27题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：互联网的发明带来了志愿者服务的最大变革，这可能会让一些人感到惊讶。此句中，主语为the biggest revolution，为单数，此处作谓语动词，主语revolution与bring之间为被动关系，且此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故填was brought。
C
语法填空。
Faced with health or nutrition questions, it is ____28____ (increase) common for people to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to remove the wrong advice, some of ____29____ is extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by popularity rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth examining ____30____ the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. Remember, only officially recognized practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical suggestions.
【答案】28. increasingly
29. which 30. whether
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了当人们遇到健康问题时上网搜索自我诊断的现象，但其实网上的信息并不可靠，最后指出只有官方认可的医生和营养师才有资格给予实用的医疗建议。
【28题详解】
考查副词。句意：面对健康或营养问题，人们上网自我诊断越来越普遍。修饰形容词common应用副词形式，故填increasingly。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但互联网上充满了相互矛盾的健康警告，没有任何规定来删除错误的建议，其中一些是极其危险的！分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是advice，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
【30题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：值得研究的是，一篇网络文章的作者是否有资格成为专家。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，结合句意可知，此处指“是否”，应用whether引导，故填whether。
阅读理解：
A
Students applying to colleges that use the Common Application should hand in an essay of 650 words. That includes the essay title, notes, and any other text that you include in the essay.
What Can You Accomplish in 650 Words?
Even if you take advantage of the full length available to you, keep in mind that 650 words is not a long essay. It’s roughly the equivalent of a two-page, double-spaced essay. Most essays tend to be between three and eight paragraphs depending on the applicant’s writing style and essay strategy.
As you plan your essay, you definitely want to keep the length requirement in mind. Many applicants attempt to do too much with their essays and then struggle to edit them down to 650 words. Realize the purpose of the personal statement is not to tell your life story or to give an exhaustive overview of all of your accomplishments. Let your list of extracurricular activities, academic record, letters of recommendation, and supplemental essays and materials show your range of accomplishments. The personal statement is not the place for long lists or catalogs of achievement.
To write an engaging and effective 650 word or shorter essay, you need to have a sharp focus. Narrate a single event, or illuminate a single passion or talent. Allow enough space for self-reflection so that whatever your topic is you spend at least some time talking about its significance to you.
Again, use the essay to narrate an engaging story. Make sure it highlights something you care about deeply, and be sure to provide a window into your interests or personality that isn’t already obvious from the rest of your application.
A Final Word About Essay Length
With the primary Common Application essay, you will need to come in at 650 words or fewer. However, you will find that most supplemental essays on the Common Application have different length guidelines, and colleges that don’t use the Common Application will have differing length requirements. No matter what the circumstances, make sure you follow the guidelines. If an essay should be 350 words, don’t write 370.
Finally, keep in mind that what you say and how you say it is far more important than whether you have 550 words or 650 words. If you’ve said all you have to say in 500 words, don’t try to pad your essay to make it longer. Regardless of length, the best writing will tell a compelling story, provide insight to your character and interests, and are written with crisp and engaging prose.
31. According to the passage, what might be a right thing to do while writing an essay?
A. To tell some interesting life stories.
B. To list all the possible achievements.
C. To show the range of accomplishments.
D. To highlight the focus of one single event.
32. As for the essay length, the applicant ________.
A. should follow the guidelines.
B. can set his or her own limit accordingly
C. should make sure it no less than 650 words
D. can write more than 650 words when necessary
33. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To stress the importance of essay writing.
B. To introduce methods of writing a good essay.
C. To advertise a writing course for college students.
D. To remind the applicants of the length of their essay.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了申请大学的论文的650字应该写什么，以及文章的具体长度是什么。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Let your list of extracurricular activities, academic record, letters of recommendation, and supplemental essays and materials show your range of accomplishments. The personal statement is not the place for long lists or catalogs of achievement.(让你的课外活动清单、学术记录、推荐信、补充文章和材料显示你的成就范围。)”可知，写论文时，你需要显示出你的成就范围，故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章A Final Word About Essay Length部分“No matter what the circumstances, make sure you follow the guidelines. If an essay should be 350 words, don’t write 370.(不论在什么情况下，都要确保遵守准则。如果一篇文章应该是350字，就不要写370字。)”可知，关于论文的长度，申请者需要遵守准则，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Students applying to colleges that use the Common Application should hand in an essay of 650 words. (申请使用通用应用程序的大学生应该要提交一篇650字的论文。)”以及后文的两个小标题“What Can You Accomplish in 650 Words?(在650字内，你应该写什么？)”“A Final Word About Essay Length(论文长度的最终提示。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了论文的长度限制，故文章的目的在于提醒申请者所写论文的长度，故选D。
B
She spent over two decades working her way up in the science industry, either as a chemist in a lab or in a management role. Now Berkeley Middle School teacher Mrs. Amy Adams is employing her science skills in a different environment. She decided to mix things up a bit and came up with a winning formula to help make a difference in the classroom. Mrs. Amy Adams is our Cool School teacher of the week.
She took a couple of years off after having children. While volunteering at her kids’ school, she was fascinated by education. Adams says, “This is where I am supposed to be. I loved my job and the people I worked with, but I just kept feeling unsettled, so finally, I channeled my energy into something meaningful.”
Adams says she stepped out on faith, and the rest is history, well actually it’s science. She’s now in year six of teaching seventh-grade science at BMS. “This is my alma mater. I walked the halls of Berkeley Middle. So it is with all four of my children. My youngest is walking the halls now. It just feels like home,” Adams said.
Adams describes her teaching style as interactive. She says, “I want them to have a voice and learn critical thinking, so we feature colorful activities. Whether it’s note-taking, worksheets, doing DNA extractions on a strawberry or dissecting frogs, the process is always interactive. By doing so, I intend to cultivate a culture of learning and arouse their interest in science.”
LaTanya Butler, principal at BMS says, “She was in the science industry, so she can relate the concepts she teaches to real life, which is one of the great attributes to have in a teacher.”
Butler says Mrs. Adams also pushed to add an additional day to her work week. “I’ve had to open the building at her request so she can work on Saturdays. That’s just the attitude she adopts to go over and beyond for our students here. I just appreciate Mrs. Adams for hearing the call to switch to education. If I could clone Mrs. Adams fifty more times, not only Berkeley Middle but schools in general would benefit from that spirit of dedication.”
When asked if she misses working in the industry, Mrs. Adams says, “I’ll tell you I work harder now than I ever did, that I’m more tired now than I ever was, but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference. I can’t imagine not being here.”
34. What was the main cause for Adams’ changing her job?
A. Her love of education. B. Her lack of inspiration.
C. Her spirit of volunteering. D. Her desire of being perfect.
35. Adams used an interactive teaching style to ________.
A. learn critical thinking B. enjoy science classes
C. have colorful activities D. improve teaching effects
36. What can we learn from LaTanya Butler’s words?
A. Adams can associate theory with practice.
B. Adams’ dedication will inspire more teachers.
C. Adams works overtime to teach students more.
D. Adams owes her success to her work experience.
37. Which of the following can best describe Adams?
A. Creative and competent. B. Patient and imaginative.
C. Devoted and passionate. D. Warm-hearted and modest.
38. What is the passage trying to tell us?
A. Keep looking, don’t settle. B. Action speaks louder than words．
C. To know oneself is true progress. D. Live your passion, follow your dreams.
【答案】34. A 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Adams对于追寻自己的梦想，从科学领域转行到教育，讲述了她对工作的热爱和贡献。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While volunteering at her kids’ school, she was fascinated by education. Adams says, “This is where I am supposed to be. I loved my job and the people I worked with, but I just kept feeling unsettled, so finally, I channeled my energy into something meaningful.”(当她在她孩子的学校当志愿者时，她被教育所吸引。Adams说道：‘这才是我应该做的事情。我喜欢我的工作，我喜欢周围的人，到那时我却一直感到不安，因此，最终，我决定把我的精力投入到一些有意义的事情上。’)”可知，对教育的热爱让Adams改变了工作，故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“By doing so, I intend to cultivate a culture of learning and arouse their interest in science.(通过这样做，我想要培养他们的学习文化并激起他们对科学的兴趣。)”可知，Adams运用互动的教学模式是为了提高他们的学习兴趣，从而提升自己的教学成果，故选D。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“LaTanya Butler, principal at BMS says, “She was in the science industry, so she can relate the concepts she teaches to real life, which is one of the great attributes to have in a teacher.”(BMS的校长LaTanya Butler,说道：‘她是科学领域的，因此她可以将她所教授的理论运用了实际生活，这是一个老师拥有的最大的品质。’)”可知，LaTanya Butler认为Adams可以将理论联系实践，故选A。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Butler says Mrs. Adams also pushed to add an additional day to her work week.( Butler说Mrs. Adams让自己一周多工作一天。)”可推知，是乐于贡献的“devoted”；根据文章最后一段“but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference.(但是我十分热爱我的工作，并且我感觉我所做的事情有意义。)”可推知，Adams对于工作是充满热情的“passionate”，故选C。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“When asked if she misses working in the industry, Mrs. Adams says, “I’ll tell you I work harder now than I ever did, that I’m more tired now than I ever was, but I absolutely love what I do, and I feel like what I’m doing makes a difference. I can’t imagine not being here.”(当问到她是否想念在科学领域的工作，Mrs. Adams说道：‘我现在比以前更加努力，我比以前工作更累，但是我十分热爱我的工作，并且我感觉我所做的事情有意义。我无法想象我不在这里工作会是什么样的。’)”可知，文章主要介绍了Adams对于追寻自己的梦想，从科学领域转行到教育，讲述了她对工作的热爱和贡献，故文章想要给读者传达的是“活出你的激情，追随你的梦想”，故选D。
C-1
Golf has a length problem. The farther players drive the ball, the longer holes need to be, so that skills like iron play and putting (打球入洞) remain important. But the longer courses are, the more they cost to maintain and the worse their environmental impact. They also become more daunting for recreational golfers, who keep them in business.
In 2004, golf’s regulators introduced limits on the size of clubs (球杆), hoping to slow the trend of ever-longer drives. Nonetheless, the inflation has continued quickly. On November 15th a famous record tumbled (下跌): someone completed the Masters Tournament in fewer than 270 strokes, the mark Tiger Woods set when he won his first major title in 1997. The new low of 268 belongs to Dustin Johnson, who has averaged more than 300 yards a pop throughout his career. He achieved the feat even though the Augusta National course is 8% longer than in 1997.
How have golfers continued to blast the ball farther than ever? The PGA Tour publishes ball-tracking statistics, which suggest that, although better equipment may have helped, players’ recent gains stem largely from their technique — and even bigger improvements now appear inevitable.
The data come from ShotLink, a system that tracks how fast a golfer swings (“clubhead speed”), his ball’s trajectory (“launch angle”) and its rotation speed (“spin rate”). A statistical model using these metrics was built to predict driving distances. Together, the three factors explained 70% of the differences between players’ distances, and almost all of the increase in length over time.
The model’s lessons are intuitive. To thump the ball as far as possible, one should maximise clubhead speed and launch angle while minimising spin. However, most players face a trade-off between these goals. Harder impacts usually mean flatter trajectories.
One golfer, however, has escaped this constraint. Bryson DeChambeau, a physics graduate with oddly designed club, is nicknamed the “Mad Scientist”. He gained 18kg of weight while the PGA Tour was suspended. This has allowed him to swing faster than anyone else. But he has also managed to smash the ball with a high launch angle — an unprecedented combination that might owe something to his unusually stiff wrists and robotic technique. Using both his brains and his brawn, Mr DeChambeau is now hitting 15 yards farther than his closest competitors do.
Mark Broadie, a golf statistician, reckons that other professionals will try to beef up. But golf history is full of players who lost their edge after making small changes to their swings. And time may yet show that the risks of Mr DeChambeau’s bombs-away approach offset some of the rewards. He strayed into the rough (球场长草区) often at the Masters.
Nonetheless, the Mad Scientist’s breakthrough is bad news for course designers. They will probably have to keep fiddling with their fairways on the golf courses for years to come.
39. The author mentions Tiger Woods in Paragraph 2 to show ________.
A. golf drives are increasingly farther B. the number of records is falling
C. game time is lengthening gradually D. golf courses are growing longer
40. Recent golfers’ improving performance is mainly the result of ________.
A. finer equipment B. longer courses C. larger build D. better techniques
41. What can we know about Bryson DeChambeau?
A. He has invented the never-failing bombs-away approach.
B. He is a golf statistician who spends a lot of time in the gym.
C. He actively urges course designers to update the golf courses.
D. He has managed to swing the ball fast without flatter trajectories.
42. Which would Mark Broadie most likely to agree with?
A. Changes to the swing shall be made with great caution.
B. Longer courses will cause more problems than benefits.
C. Professionals should follow Mr DeChambeau’s lead.
D. Other golfers should be brave enough to take risks.
【答案】39. A 40. D 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要围绕高尔夫球杆的长度问题进行探讨。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。第二段中“In 2004, golf’s regulators introduced limits on the size of clubs (球杆), hoping to slow the trend of ever-longer drives. Nonetheless, the inflation has continued quickly.(2004年，高尔夫监管机构对球杆的大小进行了限制，希望能减缓越来越长的击球距离。尽管如此，通货膨胀仍在迅速加剧)”提到虽然对球杆尺寸进行限制以减缓击球距离，但是击球距离仍在不断加剧，接着下文“On November 15th a famous record tumbled (下跌): someone completed the Masters Tournament in fewer than 270 strokes, the mark Tiger Woods set when he won his first major title in 1997.(11月15日，一项著名的纪录被打破：有人以不到270杆的成绩完成了大师赛，这是泰格•伍兹1997年赢得第一个大满贯冠军时创造的纪录)”提到有人以不到270杆的成绩打破了泰格•伍兹创造的记录是为了证实上述观点，表明高尔夫的击球距离越来越远。故选A。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The PGA Tour publishes ball-tracking statistics, which suggest that, although better equipment may have helped, players’ recent gains stem largely from their technique — and even bigger improvements now appear inevitable.(美巡赛公布的球追踪数据表明，尽管更好的设备可能有所帮助，但球员们最近的进步主要来自他们的技术——现在看来，更大的进步是不可避免的)”可知，球员们最近的进步主要来自他们的技术，故选D。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Harder impacts usually mean flatter trajectories.(更猛烈的撞击通常意味着更平坦的轨迹)”和第六段中“One golfer, however, has escaped this constraint.(然而，一位高尔夫球手却逃脱了这一限制)”和“This has allowed him to swing faster than anyone else.(这使得他挥杆比任何人都快)”可知，Bryson DeChambeau成功地在没有平坦的轨迹的情况下挥出了快速的球，故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But golf history is full of players who lost their edge after making small changes to their swings.(但高尔夫历史上有很多球员在挥杆上做了一些小小的改变后就失去了优势)”可知，Mark Broadie认为应该谨慎对挥杆作出改变，故选A。
C-2
Fungi Can Help Concrete Heal Its Own Cracks
Cracks are very common in concrete structures due to various chemical and physical phenomena that occur during everyday use. And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses — and the harmful substances they might contain. For instance, micro-cracks can allow water and oxygen to infiltrate and then corrode the steel, leading to structural failure.
But continuous maintenance and repair work is difficult because it usually requires an enormous amount of labor and investment
Scientists have been trying to figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human intervention. The idea was originally inspired by the amazing ability of the human body to heal itself of cuts, bruises and broken bones. A person takes in nutrients which the body uses to produce new substitutes to heal damaged tissues. In the same way, can we provide necessary products to concrete to fill in cracks when damage happens?
Through long time research, scientists have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei. It is found that as calcium hydroxide from concrete dissolved in water, the pH of the fungal growth medium increased from a close-to-neutral original value of 6.5 all the way to a very alkaline 13.0. Of all the fungi tested, only T. reesei could survive this environment. Despite the drastic pH increase, its spores germinated into threadlike hyphal mycelium and grew equally well with or without concrete.
Scientists propose including fungal spores, together with nutrients, during the initial mixing process when building a new concrete structure. When the inevitable cracking occurs and water finds its way in, the dormant fungal spores will germinate. As they grow, they’ll work as a catalyst within the calcium-rich conditions of the concrete to promote precipitation of calcium carbonate crystals. These mineral deposits can fill in the cracks. When the cracks are completely caulked and no more water can enter, the fungi will again form spores. If cracks form again and environmental conditions become favorable, the spores could wake up and repeat the process.
T. reesei is eco-friendly, posing no known risk to human health. In fact, T. reesei has a long history of safe use in industrial-scale production of carbohydrase enzymes, such as cellulase, which plays an important role in fermentation processes during winemaking. Of course, researchers will need to conduct a thorough assessment to investigate any possible immediate and long-term effects on the environment and human health prior to its use as a healing agent in concrete infrastructure.
43. According to the passage, tiny cracks in concrete structures may lead to ________.
A. Disfunction even collapse of the entire structure
B. Continuous maintenance and rebuilding
C. Leakage of liquids and gasses
D. Waste of water and oxygen
44. What can we know about T. reesei?
A. It is widely used in building concrete structures.
B. It can survive in extreme environment.
C. It can help the concrete cracks heal.
D. It is a newly discovered fungi.
45. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. T. reesei might be used on human.
B. The research is still at its initially stage.
C. T. reesei is unreplaceable in winemaking.
D. T. reesei has long-term effects on human health
【答案】43. A 44. C 45. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述基础设施的老硬化，混凝土出现裂缝，科学家们通过测试发现了一种叫做T. reesei的真菌，能使裂缝自己愈合。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And tiny cracks can be quite harmful because they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses — and the harmful substances they might contain. For instance, micro-cracks can allow water and oxygen to infiltrate and then corrode the steel, leading to structural failure.(微小的裂缝可能非常有害，因为它们为液体、气体及可能含有的有害物质提供了一条容易进去的途径。例如，微裂纹会使水和氧气渗入，然后腐蚀钢材，导致结构失效)”可知，微小的裂缝会导致结构失效，甚至是结构的崩塌。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Through long time research, scientists have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus called T. reesei.(通过长期的研究，科学家们发现了一种不寻常的候选者来帮助混凝土愈合：一种叫做T. reesei的真菌)”可知，T. reesei真菌能帮助混凝土愈合裂缝。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, researchers will need to conduct a thorough assessment to investigate any possible immediate and long-term effects on the environment and human health prior to its use as a healing agent in concrete infrastructure.(当然，在将它作为混凝土基础设施中的治疗剂之前，研究者需要进行一个彻底的评估，已调查对环境和人类健康的任何可能的直接的和长期的影响)”可推知，研究还需要进行彻底的评估，因此此研究还处于其最初阶段。故选B。
D
The question of how trucking capacity is growing or declining is common in industry, but the reality is that demand fluctuations are far more important to monitor as they swing much more violently.
Since December of 2018, the total tractor count from for-hire fleets (non-private) has grown 18%, according to the FMCSA, but has never shown a monthly change of over 2%. By contrast, the Outbound Tender Volume Index (OTVI), a measure of total truckload demand, has grown 12% over the same period, but monthly fluctuations topped 20% at times.
Even before the pandemic, the OTVI had 5-7% monthly swings in demand. Given the OTVI measures total tenders and is not a pure proxy (指标) for shipments, it is reflective of how fast demand-side conditions change in trucking.
The point is that capacity shifts are slow and stable, while demand changes much more rapidly and is very unpredictable over time. This is the consummate struggle of supply chains and transportation companies across the globe — how much infrastructure (capacity) is needed to be able to flex up but not have too much overhead when demand softens?
The process of ordering and seating a truck takes close to a year. That truck can haul roughly seven 500-mile loads per week, or 360 loads per year. This only occurs if shipping patterns are consistent and drivers are readily available, and neither are true. So it isn’t a pure question of how much capacity is available in aggregate, but are those trucks available in the right places at the right times in general? This metric is extremely difficult to attain.
Since demand is uneven and spread unevenly throughout the country, trucks and drivers need to exceed the number of shipments available. So even if capacity grows by 1%, it just increases the chances that loads will be covered marginally.
Probably more important than any of the previous points is that there are already measures of the relationship between supply and demand in trucking. Tender rejection rates (OTRI) and spot rates (NTI) measure when capacity is meeting demand in the contract and spot markets, respectively.
There is little use for knowing how much capacity is available in the for-hire freight market other than being interesting. But there is exceptional value in knowing how well capacity and demand are lining up and in what direction they are trending. Since December 2021 tender rejection rates have fallen from over 20% to under 4%, while spot rates are down 27%.
Demand-side indicators are probably the most crucial to getting the earliest signs of market shifts, while rejection rates and spot rates answer the two most important questions that companies want answered: Can I get a truck and how much will it cost me?
46. The Outbound Tender Volume Index ________.
A. is a proxy for shipments only
B. is a measure to track truckload demand
C. can tell the current trucking capacity in the US
D. can tell the relationship between supply and demand in trucking
47. What problem do supply chains and transportation companies face commonly?
A. How capacity can meet the changing demand.
B. How capacity and demand can be predicted.
C. What facilities are needed to ship the goods.
D. What trucks can function the best.
48. What can we tell about OTRI and NTI?
A. They are both measures in the contract and spot markets.
B. They are of little use to know the capacity and demand.
C. They can change the uneven demand situation in the US.
D. They can help to tell the companies how market might change.
49. Where can we probably find this passage?
A. In a school newspaper. B. In a book. C. In a biography. D. In a magazine.
【答案】46. B 47. A 48. D 49. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了市场对卡车运载量的需求在不断变化，供应链和运输公司面临的问题是如何让产能满足不断变化的需求，同时又能控制开销。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“By contrast, the Outbound Tender Volume Index (OTVI), a measure of total truckload demand, has grown 12% over the same period, but monthly fluctuations topped 20% at times.”（相比之下，衡量卡车总装载需求的出口投标量指数同期增长了12%，但月度波动有时超过20%。）可知，出口投标量指数是用来衡量卡车总装载需求的，由此可知，出口投标量指数是跟踪卡车装载需求的措施。故选B项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“This is the consummate struggle of supply chains and transportation companies across the globe — how much infrastructure (capacity) is needed to be able to flex up but not have too much overhead when demand softens?”（这是全球供应链和运输公司的完美斗争——当需求疲软时，需要多少基础设施（产能）才能灵活运转，但又不会有太多的开销？）可知，市场需求是不断变化的，供应链和运输公司通常面对的问题是如何满足不断变化的需求，例如当需求疲软时，需要多少基础设施才能灵活运转，但又不会有太多的开销，由此可知，供应链和运输公司通常面临的问题是产能如何满足不断变化的需求。故选A项。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容“Probably more important than any of the previous points is that there are already measures of the relationship between supply and demand in trucking. Tender rejection rates (OTRI) and spot rates (NTI) measure when capacity is meeting demand in the contract and spot markets, respectively.”（可能比前面任何一点都更重要的是，已经有了衡量卡车运输供需关系的指标。投标拒绝率（OTRI）和现货价格（NTI）分别衡量合同和现货市场的产能何时满足需求。）可知，投标拒绝率（OTRI）和现货价格（NTI）能够帮助衡量合同和现货市场的产能何时满足需求，由此可知，通过衡量合同和现货市场的产能何时满足需求，OTRI和NTI可以帮助告诉公司市场可能会发生怎样的变化。故选D项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The question of how trucking capacity is growing or declining is common in industry, but the reality is that demand fluctuations are far more important to monitor as they swing much more violently.”（卡车运输能力如何增长或下降的问题在行业中很常见，但现实是，需求波动的监测要重要得多，因为它们的波动要剧烈得多。）可知，本文主要讲述了市场对卡车运载量的需求在不断变化，供应链和运输公司面临的问题是如何让产能满足不断变化的需求，同时又能控制开销，由此可知，这是一篇关于社会现象的文章，应该选自一本杂志。故选D项。
信息还原
Every day, thousands of rangers patrol national parks and other protected areas in Africa. Their job is fraught with danger, both from hostile humans armed with automatic weapons and from the unappreciative and potentially aggressive wildlife, armed with tusks, teeth and claws, which they are helping to preserve.____50____
That is particularly true of data on poaching (偷猎), which remains, in both senses of the word, an elephantine problem. Since 2006 African elephant populations have declined by around 30%. In 2021, according to Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE), a conservation programme, around 40% of elephant deaths were a result of poaching.
____51____ The MIKE data show a welcome fall in rates throughout the 2010s, but according to research published in 2020 by Scott Schlossberg of Elephants Without Borders, a charity, this can be attributed entirely to a decline in eastern Africa.
Elsewhere, there is great variation in the pressure on animals like elephants. Some parks, like Garamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are badly hit — with more than 90% of the bodies found by rangers being victims of poachers. ____52____To untangle the factors influencing poaching, Timothy Kuiper of the University of Cape Town, Eleanor Milner-Gulland at Oxford, and a team of collaborators have analysed data collected for MIKE by rangers from 64 sites in 30 African countries over the course of 19 years. They correlated these with potentially relevant factors, both natural and human, and have published their findings in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.
Natural variables such as habitat type, they discovered, make little difference. ____53____ Unsurprisingly, low household wealth, poor health, poor law enforcement and poor national governance all contributed to higher rates of poaching. So did the price of ivory.
____54____ For there did not seem to be much. The impact was a consequence of a few special cases in DRC, the Central African Republic and Ethiopia, rather than a general rule about young men with guns behaving badly.
One factor that was unquantifiable, and therefore untestable, according to Dr Kuiper, was local political will to preserve wildlife. But this study does nevertheless confirm observations made elsewhere, that the best form of conservation is a prosperous population.
A. Human ones predominate.
B. The severity of elephant poaching varies from place to place.
C. Humans are the biggest factor defining elephant ranges across Africa.
D. There was one unexpected result, though — the impact of armed conflict.
E. But their work is important, not least because the data they collect are crucial to conservation planning.
F. In others, like Chobe, in Botswana, less than 10% of dead elephants discovered have been killed illegally.
G. Current discussion of how to reduce poaching focuses on two areas: reducing demand and reducing supply.
【答案】50. E 51. B 52. F 53. A 54. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大象受到非法猎杀，导致其数量减少，且分析了其偷猎的相关原因。
50题详解】
根据空前“Every day, thousands of rangers patrol national parks and other protected areas in Africa. Their job is fraught with danger, both from hostile humans armed with automatic weapons and from the unappreciative and potentially aggressive wildlife, armed with tusks, teeth and claws, which they are helping to preserve.(每天，成千上万的护林员在非洲的国家公园和其他保护区巡逻。他们的工作充满了危险，危险既来自携带武器的地对人类，也来自于携带象牙、牙齿和爪子的不受欢迎的且可能具有公共及恶性的野生动物)”可知，空前提到护林员的工作是很危险的，故此处E项“但是他们的工作却是很重要的，不仅仅是因为他们收集的数据对保护计划至关重要。”符合语境，空前说明他们的工作很危险，此空转折说明他们的工作很重要，故选E项。
【51题详解】
根据空后“The MIKE data show a welcome fall in rates throughout the 2010s, but according to research published in 2020 by Scott Schlossberg of Elephants Without Borders, a charity, this can be attributed entirely to a decline in eastern Africa.( MIKE数据显示，在这个2010年代，大象猎杀率是呈下降趋势的，但是根据慈善结构大象无国界组织的Scott Schlossberg在2020年发表的研究表明，这完全归因于东非的下降)”可知，空后提出猎杀大象的现象有所下降，但是这完全是因为东非的下降，故B项“猎杀大象的严重性地区间存在差异。”符合语境，每个地方猎杀大象的现象存在不同，即使有下降，也是东非地区的下降，故选B项。
【52题详解】
根据空前“Some parks, like Garamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are badly hit—with more than 90% of the bodies found by rangers being victims of poachers.(一些公园，如刚果民主共和国的Garamba，受到了严重的打击——护林员发现大象的尸体中90%以上都是偷猎者的受害者)”可知，F项“在其他公园，比如说博茨瓦纳的Chobe，在发现的大象尸体中，只有不到10%是非法猎杀的。”是前文的顺义承接，空前的“some parks”与F项中的“In others”相对应，故选F项。
【53题详解】
根据空后“Unsurprisingly, low household wealth, poor health, poor law enforcement and poor national governance all contributed to higher rates of poaching. (不出所料，家庭财富低，健康状况差、执法不力和国家治理不善都导致了偷猎率的上升)”可知，空后提出了一些导致偷猎率上升的人为因素，故A项“人为因素占主导地位。”符合语境，本空说明人为因素占主导地位，空后具体说明那些因素，故选A。
【54题详解】
根据空后“For there did not seem to be much. The impact was a consequence of a few special cases in DRC, the Central African Republic and Ethiopia, rather than a general rule about young men with guns behaving badly.(因为似乎没有太多。这种影响是刚果民主共和国、中非共和国和埃塞俄比亚发生的一些特殊案件的结果，而不是关于持枪年轻人行为不端的一般规则)”可知，空后的“the impact”指代D项中“但是却出现了意料之外的影响——武装冲突的影响。”，本空提出出现了武装冲突的影响，空后解释这种影响是什么导致的，故选D项。
阅读表达
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
The Weight of White Lies
A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine.
Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.
In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego.
Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts.
People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.”
In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second.
55. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)?
________________
56. What are the ways to kindly deceive others?
________________
57. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.
________________
58. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words)
________________
【答案】55. ①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable.
②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person.
56. Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts.
57. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.)
58. I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了善意谎言的分量以及相关实验和研究。
【55题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.(即使是善意的欺骗形式也有可接受的程度，而那些知道自己被误导的人并不总是像骗子那样看待它。例如，一个旨在增强某人信心或阻止一个坏习惯的谎言，通常涉及对那个人最好的判断。这种假设可能会适得其反)”可知，当人们说善意的谎言时，他们的假设是他们认为他们所做的是对那个人最好的，是可以接受的。或它通常包括判断什么对那个人是最好的。故答案为①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person.
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts.(不过，编造谎言并不是善意欺骗的唯一方式：你也可以简单地忽略不愉快的事实)”可知，善意欺骗别人的方法有编造谎言，忽略令人不快的事实。故答案为Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts.
【57题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission.(但那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持性的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍)”可知，错误的部分为“lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements”，根据这篇文章，那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍。（划线部分是错误的，因为它与文中的陈述相反）故答案为Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.)
【58题详解】
考查开放题。根据“当你告诉你的朋友一些不愉快的事情时，你是喜欢诚实还是善意的谎言？为什么？”可回答：我更喜欢诚实。众所周知，诚实是与朋友交往的上策，这有助于保持珍贵的友谊。虽然这可能会让人不舒服，但诚实可以建立信任，防止进一步的误解或冲突。相反，善意的谎言会破坏信任，从长远来看会导致更严重的问题。故答案为I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run.
应用文写作
59. 假设你是红星中学学生会“环保部”部长李华。你的英国好友Jim的学校正在征集主题为“Beat Plastic Pollution”的环境保护活动方案，他一时没有想法，写信请你给提供建议。请你用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍你的设计方案及理由；
2. 询问意见并表达祝愿。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Extremely thrilled to know that you are calling for activity plans themed “Beat Plastic Pollution”, I feel it my privilege to offer mine, hoping to give you a hand.
First, it is a wise choice to propagandize the using of cloth bags instead of plastic bags in school and call for students to spread the behavior to the people around them. Second, make a rule that students should be prevented from using plastic bags, encouraging the use of degradable plastic bags. Finally, collecting and recycling plastic bags are easy to be conducted in school.
I sincerely hope my plan is of benefit to you.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。假设你是红星中学学生会“环保部”部长李华。你的英国好友Jim的学校正在征集主题为“Beat Plastic Pollution”的环境保护活动方案，他一时没有想法，写信请你给提供建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
激动的：thrilled→excited/full of excitement
提供：offer→provide/supply
规章制度：rule→regulation
有益的：be of benefit→be beneficial
2.句式拓展：
原句：I sincerely hope my plan is of benefit to you
拓展句：I sincerely hope my plan that I mentioned above is of benefit to you
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Second, make a rule that students should be prevented from using plastic bags, encouraging the use of degradable plastic bags.(运用了that引导同位语从句，现在分词作状语。)
高分句型2】
Extremely thrilled to know that you are calling for activity plans themed “Beat Plastic Pollution”, I feel it my privilege to offer mine, hoping to give you a hand.(运用了形容词作状语，that引导宾语从句，过去分词作后置定语以及现在分词作状语。)