高考英语概要写作专项训练

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项训练，共22页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。
概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Wearing Helmet
Some kids ride through city bicycle lanes like a professional, and others set out alone down quiet country lanes. However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found. And although children tend to wear helmets more consistently than adults, many still ride without one.
Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash. When you’re choosing a helmet, focus primarily on ensuring the correct fit. “A poor fit will impact the protection a helmet can provide,” says Angela Lumba-Brown, an emergency medicine physician at Stanford Health Care.
The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle. If you choose to buy online, Bowman suggests measuring your child’s head with flexible measuring tape about an inch above the eyebrows before choosing a size.
Helmet sizes are measured by head circumference (圆周), and helmets usually come with adjustable dials to accommodate a range of circumferences. For example, a 3-to-5-year-old child might wear a helmet with a 50-to-52-centimeter circumference. Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth. Once a sales associate helps you identify the right-sized helmet, adjust the dial until the helmet feels tight but isn’t causing the child discomfort. “After you dial in the fit, if you pull up lightly on top of the helmet, it shouldn’t come off their head,” he says.
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2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
This holiday season, millions of children will soon open presents containing the latest computer chip-operated toys, but many lucky children will be thrilled to find timeless classics under the tree-wooden toys.
Although traditional wooden toys have been around since ancient times, they have been, rare since the introduction of computerized, high-tech toys. But the popularity of wooden toys appears to be making a comeback, says Betsy Komes, associate publisher of Playthings magazine, a 105-year-old trade publication serving all aspects of the toy industry. She and her associates have seen an increase in demand for these traditional wooden toys.
Traditional wooden toys are among the top themes her company focuses on as part of their move toward more eco-friendly toys to appeal to the environmentally conscious consumers. But Komes thinks that the environment isn’t the only reason for the increased demand. Many parents are looking for toys that encourage more creative play.
“In today’s market where toys are often computerized with a lot of lights and sounds, many parents feel the traditional wooden toys encourage children to be creative and imaginative,” Komes says. “And sometimes there’s a fear with electronic games that play is often too individualized and doesn’t encourage interaction with other children. Parents don’t want their kids to sit in front of a computer all day and are looking for toys — like wooden blocks, for example — that encourage group play.”
There is also a nostalgia (怀旧) factor: “Given everything going on in the world, there are a lot of parents and grandparents right now who see the traditional toys as things that remind them of their own childhoods,” she says. “I think it’s their way of sharing the memories they have of a time when the world seemed less complicated.”
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment
The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.
First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops.
The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms.
Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!
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4．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s difficult not to admire the talent of a skilled musician. Whether it be a pianist or cellist, these individuals have shown dedication and passion over a long period of time to reach the highest levels of performance. But they say it’s never too late to learn. So what are the benefits, for both children and adults, in learning a musical instrument?
Learning to play a musical instrument when growing up can improve hearing in adulthood. According to a study by Dr Nina Kraus at Northwestern University in Illinois, US, children who played musical instruments were better at recognizing different frequencies. This improved hearing skill carried over into later life with adults who had once played an instrument able to discern (分辨)sounds of different pitches more easily. And it could also have some academic benefits too. A study conducted by the University of British Columbia found that students who engaged in music-related activities during grades 7-12 scored significantly higher in science, English and maths.
And there are not just benefits to children. Whether you choose to play the piano, pick or strum a guitar or learn a drumbeat, you could end up joining a band or orchestra. This in turn could improve your social life, meeting other bandmates who are likeminded in their love of a good tune. Learning an instrument can also give you a sense of achievement. Nailing that perfect chord (和弦)is one way, but what if you got together with a bunch of friends and entered into a battle of the bands-and won?
So, whether you’re looking to de-stress playing out some chords, or improve your grades at school, maybe taking up an instrument could help you.
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.
China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016 — for example, 12 million new births were recorded in 2020, but the number is expected to drop below 10 million in 2021 despite a series of pronatalist policies taken by the government. And although the two-child policy introduced in 2016 caused an uptick in the number of newborns, it failed to reverse the falling birth rate trend.
Can the three-child policy introduced last year succeed where earlier favorable family planning policies failed? The picture doesn’t look good, though. China’s birth rate in 2020 declined to 1.3 percent, far lower than the replacement rate of 2.1, according to the seventh national census results. Since the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak, it will continue to decline.
As for benefits, children carry on the family name and can help strengthen the bond between a man and woman. And having children gives an assurance to parents that they will have someone to take care of them when they get old.
When it comes to costs, women have to endure physical and mental stress to give birth and bring up children. Childbirth is painful and, in extreme cases, could be fatal. Also, new mothers, in general, find it difficult to adjust family and work life. Plus, having children also means additional expenses and in some cases cutting costs to provide good education for the children, as well as dedicating huge amounts of time to bring them up. Moreover, because of the shortage of quality education and good schools, parents have to spend large amounts of money and time to ensure their children get admitted to good schools and colleges so they can get quality education.
The costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in such families’ decision. Apparently, people tend to have more children if there are more benefits and fewer children if the costs outweigh the benefits. That most couples in today prefer to have just one child means there are more costs than benefits of having more children.
To address these problems, especially to reduce the education burden of students, the government introduced some policies, including the “double reduction” policy, recently. High housing prices are also discouraging many young couples from having children. Cities and towns where housing prices are relatively low usually have higher fertility rates around the world. So actions in this regard are being taken. More importantly, in most cases, women still shoulder most of the responsibilities of bringing up a child, and experts and surveys say women usually find themselves at a disadvantage at the workplace after giving birth. Many women are tired of rushing back and forth between work and housework. In this context, establishing more day childcare centers can free working mothers of the responsibility of taking care of children. It will not only promote domestic harmony but also can help increase the fertility rate.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Learning to write effectively
I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(lasting only a short time)thought , the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank, start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Keeping the Kids Eating Healthy
Fruits and vegetables are super important for kids to be able to grow up healthy and strong. Science recommends that children aged 2 to 18 get at least two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables each day. But getting kids to eat their fruits and vegetables is often easier said than done. If you need additional reasons to help your kids boost their intake, new research has found that students who eat more fruits and vegetables might have better mental well-being than those who eat less.
A recent study published in BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health looked at 9,000 students from across the U.K. About 7,500 were in secondary school, and 1,500 were in primary school. Students self-reported their diet and were given age-appropriate tests for mental well-being that looked at happiness, relaxation and healthy interpersonal relationships. The study found a strong association between eating more fruits and vegetables and higher mental well-being scores. However, only about 25 percent of the students met the recommendation of at least five servings of produce a day.
Another interesting finding concerned breakfast, an especially important meal for school-age kids, as it provides the fuel they need to learn and function in general. However, the research found that more than one in five secondary schoolchildren and one in 10 primary schoolchildren didn’t cat a standard breakfast at all, and many just had a snack or drink in place of a meal. Those who had a full breakfast had significantly better mental well-being scores than those who skipped the morning meal.
In short, the findings suggest that eating a healthy diet that includes a full breakfast and at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day leads to the best mental-health outcomes for children. Unfortunately, many students surveyed were missing the mark with either fruits and vegetables, breakfast, or both.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Multi-tasking
Are you a multitasker? Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time? Do you often interrupt your work to check your email? Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving? If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly.
Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phones make it convenient to do several tasks at once, so people feel like they are getting more done. Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework.
Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “microinterruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness
In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply.
New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be.
The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.”
Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Second-hand fashion stages a comeback
Few followers of fashion will forget the moment when a super model arrived at a New York fashion week dinner, wearing a 1950s dress. The next day, a hunt for something similar began. That was 2003. Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now. And the world is speaking back. It’s estimated that the total resale clothes market is expected to rise in value from $96 billion in 2021 to $141 billion by 2023. More than ‘back for good’, second-hand fashion looks set to become the new norm.
The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend. There’s a rise in young people looking at things that already exist, not only to take inspiration from, but also to use as material for next-stage creation. Current repair and upcycling skills make their wish a reality.
Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
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1．As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical. Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍戴上头盔骑车在保护孩子安全方面也是至关重要的，并介绍了一些选择适合的头盔的方法。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①However, every day, an average of more than 500 children with bike-related injuries are treated in U.S. emergency departments, according to an analysis of injury data from 2006 to 2015. Those wearing helmets were significantly less likely to have head and neck injuries, the study found.
②Along with calling for safer, more bike-friendly streets, it’s important to choose a helmet that will help protect your child from injury in a fall or a crash.
③The best way to find the right size is to take your child into a bike shop and have them try on helmets with a sales associate who’s familiar with the options, says Brad Bowman, product manager at Gregg’s Cycle.
④Bowman suggests choosing one that fits comfortably but also allows for a bit of growth.
2. 缜密构思
将1，2两个要点进行整合，将3，4两个要点进行精简分说
3. 遣词造句
As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.
Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet.
He also suggests allowing comfortable space to avoid discomfort caused by tightness.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As there is an alarming number of kids’ bike-related injuries, apart from making securer and more rider-friendly streets, wearing a helmet while riding is critical.用一个原因状语从句和分词作状语结构对一二段的部分内容进行总结，表达高级。
[高分句型2]Bowman suggests consulting a sales associate for help or measuring your kid’s head circumference yourself when selecting a fit helmet. 用动名词作宾语和一个省略的时间状语从句对第三段的内容进行总结，表达高级。
2．参考范文
Traditional wooden toys are becoming popular again. One cause of this change is that wooden toys are environmentally friendly. It’s also due to the attitudes of the parents who think wooden toys can develop their children’s imagination and creativity and allow them to interact with other kids. Additionally, traditional wooden toys make the older generations think of their happy childhood life in the simpler world.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，传统的木制玩具又开始流行起来。这种变化的一个原因是木制玩具是环保的。这也是由于家长认为木制玩具可以发展孩子的想象力和创造力，并让他们与其他孩子互动的态度。此外，传统的木制玩具使老一辈人想起他们在简单世界里快乐的童年生活。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But the popularity of wooden toys appears to be making a comeback, says Betsy Komes, associate publisher of Playthings magazine, a 105-year-old trade publication serving all aspects of the toy industry. She and her associates have seen an increase in demand for these traditional wooden toys.
②Traditional wooden toys are among the top themes her company focuses on as part of their move toward more eco-friendly toys to appeal to the environmentally conscious consumers.
③“In today’s market where toys are often computerized with a lot of lights and sounds, many parents feel the traditional wooden toys encourage children to be creative and imaginative,” Komes says. “And sometimes there’s a fear with electronic games that play is often too individualized and doesn’t encourage interaction with other children.
④There is also a nostalgia (怀旧) factor: “Given everything going on in the world, there are a lot of parents and grandparents right now who see the traditional toys as things that remind them of their own childhoods,” she says.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Traditional wooden toys are becoming popular again.
One reason of this change is that wooden toys are environmentally friendly.
It’s also because of the attitudes of the parents who think wooden toys can foster their children’s imagination and creativity and allow them to interact with other kids.
Besides, conventional wooden toys make the older generations think of their joyful childhood life in the simpler world.
【点睛】[高分句型1] One cause of this change is that wooden toys are environmentally friendly.运用that引导表语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] It’s also due to the attitudes of the parents who think wooden toys can develop their children’s imagination and creativity and allow them to interact with other kids.用who引导定语从句对倒数第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
3．There are two reasons why children’s learning and development depend on the early childhood environment. First, the environment where children get their experiences determines the way of children’s brain development. Second, compared to other periods, children spend more time in early childhood settings. So a better early childhood environment should be set for children’s brain development.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述幼儿环境对儿童的学习和发展有着非常关键的两方面的作用。
【详解】1 要点摘录① In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.②First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development.③The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.④When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle!
2.缜密构思全文是“总-分-总”的结构。以上四句话分别描述每一段的主旨大意，因此概括全文内容可以使用它们的组合。3.遣词造句①Because children’s developments are created by education, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on them.②Many people spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in playing mobile phones.③Believing that every effort will create a miracle can transform the way we understand ourselves.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. 其中两个that引导的定语从句，while连词功能连接两个有从句的分句，表示对比关系，该表达很高级。
[高分句型2]：The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.用that引导定语从句修饰reason并且在主句中作主语，且is后面接because of连接的名词性短语，表达非常高级。
44．参考范文
Learning a musical instrument takes sustained efforts and intense enthusiasm, but it can benefit people of all ages. Research demonstrates that child learners will acquire improved hearing in their later life, which enables them to better identify frequencies and distinguish sounds of pitches, and get enhanced academic performance. Besides, learning an instrument can provide adults with increased social life and a sense of fulfillment. Therefore, it is advisable to give it a try.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习乐器需要持续的努力和强烈的热情，但它可以造福于各个年龄段的人。研究表明，儿童学习者在今后的生活中将获得更好的听力，这使他们能够更好地识别频率和区分音高的声音，并获得更好的学习成绩。此外，学习乐器可以增加成年人的社会生活和满足感。因此，最好试一试。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Whether it be a pianist or cellist, these individuals have shown dedication and passion over a long period of time to reach the highest levels of performance.
②So what are the benefits, for both children and adults, in learning a musical instrument?
③Learning to play a musical instrument when growing up can improve hearing in adulthood.
④According to a study by Dr Nina Kraus at Northwestern University in Illinois, US, children who played musical instruments were better at recognizing different frequencies.
⑤This improved hearing skill carried over into later life with adults who had once played an instrument able to discern (分辨)sounds of different pitches more easily.
⑥And it could also have some academic benefits too.
⑦This in turn could improve your social life, meeting other bandmates who are likeminded in their love of a good tune.
⑧Learning an instrument can also give you a sense of achievement.
⑨So, whether you’re looking to de-stress playing out some chords, or improve your grades at school, maybe taking up an instrument could help you.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2要点进行整合，将第3、4、5、6要点进行重组；将7、8要点进行整合；将第9要点进行改写。
3.遣词造句
Learning a musical instrument takes sustained efforts and intense enthusiasm, which can benefit people of all ages.
Research shows that child learners will improve hearing in their later life, which enables them to better identify frequencies and distinguish sounds of pitches, and get enhanced academic performance.
Besides, learning an instrument can offer adults increased social life and a sense of fulfillment.
Therefore, we should give it a try.
【点睛】[高分句型1]  Research demonstrates that child learners will acquire improved hearing in their later life, which enables them to better identify frequencies and distinguish sounds of pitches, and get enhanced academic performance.运用that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：Therefore, it is advisable to give it a try.运用了it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，对最后一段进行了概括。
5．China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016.Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline. Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，自2016年以来，中国的出生率一直在下降，生孩子的成本和收益在家庭的决定中起着关键作用，为了解决这些问题，特别是减轻学生的教育负担，政府最近出台了一些政策，包括“双减”政策。
【详解】1 要点摘录①China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016. ②Since the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak, it will continue to decline.③The costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in such families’ decision.④To address these problems, especially to reduce the education burden of students, the government introduced some policies, including the “double reduction” policy, recently.
2.缜密构思保留第①个要点，将第②、③两个要点进行整合，将第④个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句China’s birth rate has been falling since 2016.
Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline.
Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since the problem of the population of women of childbearing age in China has reached its peak and the costs and benefits of having a child play a key role in family decision, it will continue to decline.（时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】Recently the government introduced some policies to address these problems.（动词不定式做目的状语）
6．One possible version:
How can you become an effective writer? The book Writing Without Teachers advises that you should separate creative writing from critical writing. Mixing the two means either killing brilliant ideas or presenting something incomprehensible. To acquire the skill, take down your thoughts freely to capture ideas and keep revising your writing until it becomes a good piece.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果你想要成为一名有效的作家，《没有老师的写作》一书建议你应该把创造性写作和批判性写作分开。为了获得这项技能，你可以通过自由地记下你的想法来捕捉想法，并不断修改你的写作，直到它成为一篇好文章。
【详解】1.要点摘录

①The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.
②Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing.
③The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is called“free writing.”
④ When you have raw materials using the critical mind and watch quietly, you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

⑤Halfway through your available time, rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句It is likely that you will believe this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Through the half available time, you can stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.
If the fleeting thought can be captured and simply be shared with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段内容进行了概括。其中that引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(lasting only a short time)thought , the thought will die.运用if引导的条件状语从句和while引导的时间状语从句对第二段主题进行了举例说明。表达非常高级。
7．Fruits and vegetables are essential to kids’ growth, but it is difficult to get them to eat. New research finds higher intake of fruits and vegetables and a full breakfast beneficial to schoolchildren’s mental well-being. Despite researchers’ advice to cat a healthy diet, many children fail to consume the recommended quantity of fruits or breakfast. (55 words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，水果和蔬菜对孩子的成长是必不可少的，但很难让他们吃。一项新研究发现，多吃水果和蔬菜以及丰盛的早餐有利于学童的心理健康。尽管研究人员建议保持健康饮食，但许多儿童没有摄入推荐量的水果或早餐。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Fruits and vegetables are super important for kids to be able to grow up healthy and strong.  
②But getting kids to eat their fruits and vegetables is often easier said than done.
③The study found a strong association between eating more fruits and vegetables and higher mental well-being scores.
④In short, the findings suggest that eating a healthy diet that includes a full breakfast and at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day leads to the best mental-health outcomes for children.
⑤ Unfortunately, many students surveyed were missing the mark with either fruits and vegetables, breakfast, or both.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和4、5几个要点进行重组，将第3要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Fruits and vegetables are essential for the growth of children, but it is hard to let them eat.
Eating more fruit and vegetables and a hearty breakfast is good for the mental health of schoolchildren, a new study has found.
Although researchers recommend maintaining a healthy diet, many children do not consume the recommended amount of fruit or breakfast.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Fruits and vegetables are essential to kids’ growth, but it is difficult to get them to eat. (运用it作形式主语，真正主语为不定式的结构)
[高分句型2] New research finds higher intake of fruits and vegetables and a full breakfast beneficial to schoolchildren’s mental well-being.(运用了“find+宾语+宾补”结构)
8．One possible version:
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time. However, studies show multitasking leads to “microinterruptions,” making it difficult to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity. Moreover, as humans are not good at concentrating on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，多任务处理已经成为一种流行的习惯，主要是因为他们觉得太忙了，而多任务处理有助于节省时间。然而，研究表明，多任务处理会导致“微干扰”，使人难以集中注意力，浪费时间，导致效率低下。此外，由于人类不擅长同时专注于两件事，多任务处理会使人们工作速度变慢，并导致错误和危险。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time.
②These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
③Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly since they feel too occupied and multitasking helps save time.
But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.
Besides, as humans are not expert at focusing on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time.运用because引导原因状语从句原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.用现在分词作状语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. (53words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels ②The simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
③miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
④Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
⑤Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5个要点进行概括。
3.遣词造句Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.
However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much.
Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress.
Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. （运用了现在分词作状语）
10．One possible version:
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is back permanently. Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity. The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible. Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，与过去不同的是，如今二手时尚永久回归。相比于以时尚为导向的专业人士，普通人出于环保的考虑而选择二手时尚。巨大的市场上涨表明了它的受欢迎程度。升级的维修和升级回收工艺使进一步的创造成为可能。社交媒体也参与进来，网红影响销量，助长了这股热潮。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Fast forward to the 2020s and second-hand fashion is renewing a new round of craze, and this time, arguably, it’s back for good.
②When super models and designers were buying things at second-hand markets and matching them with expensive pieces, the act was more related to the old ideal of what fashion was — very trend-based and very season-based. Today, ordinary people always want to have new looks but they’re becoming more aware of the impact of their choices on the environment, and the best thing we can do in this climate crisis is to limit the resources we take out of the planet. Second-hand fashion speaks to what’s happening right now.
③The increased crafts of repair and upcycling offer another contemporary dimension to the trend.
④Even social media platforms are on board. “Once you start finding heat at the second-hand fashion shop, it quickly turns into an ever-growing addiction. Each piece has history behind it,” said an online celebrity with 1.7 million followers. He, along with other celebrities posting visits to shops of this kind, has pushed up sales. Their power in the field can’t be neglected.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Unlike former heat, today second-hand fashion is getting back permanently.
Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, common people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection. The huge market rise demonstrates its popularity.
The upgraded repair and upcycling crafts make further creation possible.
Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Compared with fashion-oriented professionals, ordinary people turn to second-hand fashion out of consideration for environment protection.运用过去分词作状语对第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Social media also step in, with online celebrities influencing sales to add to the craze.用with的复合结构对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。