高考英语概要写作专项训练

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项训练，共22页。试卷主要包含了Directins，概要写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Parents, teachers, and anyone who regularly deals with teenagers know how difficult the adolescent years can be. Adolescents have always been known to do wild — even dangerous — thing. Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
Recently, scientists discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up”. During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses (冲动) with the need to follow rules. However, a brain that is still developing does this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.
The studies confirm that teens are more likely to take risks and behave in extreme ways. Fortunately, the news isn’t all negative. As brain scientist B．J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teenagers prepare for adult life.
One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards. Researchers found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure than an adult brain would. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
Research into the structure of the teen brain also found that it makes social connections seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have an intense need to meet new people. It, therefore, connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Your child’s brain on math: Don’t bother?
Parents whose children are struggling with math often view intense tutoring as the best way to help them master crucial skills, but a new study released on Monday suggests that for some kids even that is a lost cause.
According to the research, the size of one key brain structure and the connections between it and other regions can help identify the 8- and 9-year olds who will hardly benefit from one-on-one math instruction.
“We could predict how much a child learned from the tutoring based on measures of brain structure and connectivity,” said Vinod Menon, a professor at Stanford University School of Medicine, who led the research.
The study, published in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is the first to use brain imaging to look for a connection between brain attributes and the ability to learn arithmetic. But despite its publication in a well-respected journal, the research immediately drew criticism.
Jonathan Moreno, professor of medical ethics at the University of Pennsylvania, fears that some parents and teachers might “give up now” on a math-challenged child. “If it gets into the popular consciousness that it’s wise to have your kid’s brain checked out.” before making decisions about academic options, he said, “that raises huge issues.”
Menon and his fellow scientists agree that their research shouldn’t lead to conclusions immediately. They are exploring whether any interventions might change the brain in such a way that children who struggle with math can benefit more from tutoring.
Just as learning to juggle increases the amount of gray matter in the area of adult brains that is responsible for spatial attention, said Menon, maybe something could pump up regions relevant to learning arithmetic before a child begins math tutoring.
Until then, he said “it’s possible” that parents will interpret the new study as saying some kids cannot benefit from math tutoring, “and give up before even trying. How this plays out is far from clear.”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as much as possible.
Until 1964 most forms of gambling were illegal in the United States. Since then, however, more and more states have legalized gambling in order to raise income. Most states in the United States now depend on incomes from state lotteries(博彩)and use them for good causes, such as improving public education, maintaining state parks, and developing environmental programs.
Although there are many advantages to legalized gambling, there has also been a good deal of criticism of state-supported gambling. As states increase their support of state lotteries, they seem to encourage commercial gambling in all its forms. More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. Those most at risk of becoming addicted include the poor, young people between twelve and eighteen years old, and women over the age of fifty, who are looking for some entertainment. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless. The promise of winning big fortune has created big problems.
Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling. The lottery is the only form of gambling that is essentially a government control. Critics ask whether gambling is a proper function of government. Should the government be the spokesman for the expansion of gambling? Critics say state advertising of lotto emphasizes luck over hard work, instant happiness over careful planning, and entertainment over savings.
In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States. After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling. Some feel this will severely hurt the gambling industry. Others fear that it is not enough and are asking the government to take a tough stand against gambling.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
How We Find Our Direction
Psychologists have found that there are two main ways that successful travelers use to navigate (确定位置) their environment.
The first is to follow a fixed route from here to there. Cognitive (认知的) psychologist Barbara Tver sky describes route navigation as a series of paths and choice points that is basically selfcentered: it is constructed for the purpose of reaching one particular goal from a fixed starting point, and the entire journey is explained from the point of view of the traveler.
The second navigational strategy involves a bird’s-eye view — a map of the general area. Maps are overviews, “surveys of a space of possibilities,”   that lay out a variety of possible paths. Maps almost always rely on cardinal directions (基本方位), usually east-west and north-south, that anchor them to a larger space. When we use a map to get somewhere, it is up to us to figure out the most proper route, or the alternatives, for ourselves.
So how does this work out in the real world? In her 2019 book, Mind in Motion, Tversky acknowledges that most of us do not carry a file drawer of maps in our heads. Instead, we use a combination of methods to get where we are going: part tum-by-tum directions, part bird’s-eye view, and part general map-like information(it’s somewhere near the center of town; we’ll be traveling toward Omaha; the mid-day sun is on our left, so we are still heading west) and helpful landmarks. For this reason, Tversky refers to our way finding plans not as “cognitive maps” but as “cognitive collages (拼贴画)”.
But it is important to note that most navigational directions of moderate complexity depend in part on the ability to understand a map perspective. Sometimes maps just make for better directions, but they are essential if we make a mistake and have to figure out how to correct our course.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those who rush through their meals. Being keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12­inch plate instead of a 10­inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Vertical farming isn’t actually a very new concept. The idea has existed since at least the 1950s. However, it was only recently that we began to seriously explore the idea, and put it forward as a solution to the world food crisis.
So what has vertical farming got going for it? At present, over 80 per cent of the world’s land that is suitable for farming is already being used. In order to grow enough food to feed the nine billion people that will be living on our planet in the middle of the 21 century, we’ll need TEN million more square kilometres of land - that’s an area 20 per cent bigger than Brazil!
The building used for vertical farming won’t take up much space because they are tail - they’re skyscrapers. They can be built in the middle of cities, where all the people are. The food would be on people’s doorsteps, almost literally, so transport costs are minimal. That’s great for helping to combat global warming and climate change.
Another advantage is that all food could be grown organically. The crops would need less water than traditional ones because all the water is recycled. All the nutrients are recycled too. The only thing that actually leaves the building is the produce, the food.
Vertical farming would create jobs too. Imagine the small businesses that would spring up around these farms - for packaging, distribution, catering, and so on - they would employ thousands of people.
Where is it likely to happen? Who will benefit most from it? First and foremost, countries that don’t have agriculture: cold countries, like Greenland and Iceland, and hot, desert countries, like Saudi Arabia. You would have sealed buildings in these places with an artificial climate - artificially warm in Iceland, artificially cool in a hot country.
The social benefits are amazing and everybody gets good, healthy food. People have reacted really well to this idea - I think the idea is about to develop into reality.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Achievement Gap in the United States
The achievement gap in the United States refers to the observed, persistent disparity(差异)in measures of educational performance among subgroups of U. S. students, especially groups defined by socio-economic status, race and gender. The achievement gap can be observed on a variety of measures including standardized test scores, grade point average, dropout rates, and college enrollment and completion rates.
Research into the causes of the disparity in academic achievement between students has been ongoing since 1966. Many experts argue that achievement gaps are the result of more subtle environmental factors and “opportunity gaps” in the resources available to poor versus wealthy children.
Home environments have a stronger impact on school achievement than in-school factors, in part, because children spend more time outside of school than in school. Studies have found that children in poverty whose parents provide engaging learning environments at home do not start school with the same academic readiness gaps seen among poor children generally.
In addition, the out-of-school factors influencing academic performance differ significantly between children living in poverty and children from middle-income households. Being raised in a low-income family, for example, often means having fewer educational resources at home, in addition to poor health care and nutrition.
The achievement gap has become a focal point of education reform efforts by a number of non-profit organizations and advocacy groups. Attempts to minimize the achievement gap by improving equality of access to educational opportunities have been numerous, such as multicultural education, finance equalization, and interventions to improve school testing, teacher quality and responsibility.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8．概要写作
The Metaverse(元宇宙): The Future of Web Design and Development?
To many, the Metaverse might seem like this is something that is still far from becoming a reality. To others, it is the inevitable future of web design and development.
The Metaverse is an ambitious project that seeks to bring together many different web development and HiTech technologies in order to offer users a new experience of the web. Today, users view content on the web. On the Metaverse, users will be immersed(沉浸在)in the content thanks to technologies like Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Machine Learning, and other forms of Artificial Intelligence.
In brief, it is the next iteration(迭代)of the Internet where users will be able to navigate through a virtual space instead of the current two-dimensional screens. Although much has been said about it, there is still much that needs to be done, and this is both an opportunity and a challenge. Whatever the case is, it is the future of web design, and companies need to start thinking about how to reap the benefits of it.
One of the most important implications of this upgraded version of the web is the impact it will have on apps and websites. The rise of the Metaverse will not eliminate digital products as we currently know them. On the contrary, it will most likely be the case that both will coexist in new and more powerful forms.
This means that business websites will not become obsolete(淘汰的). As a matter of fact, they will probably become more relevant. Traditional websites will probably end up coexisting with the Metaverse, creating synergies(协同作用)that benefit users and businesses alike.
Aside from the impact on business websites, it is also important to consider operational aspects like the changes in the role of the typical web designer and developer. Digital product teams will have to rethink the tech stacks(一大推)they use in order to build interfaces and experiences for the user journeys coming our way.
Business decision-makers need to understand this and allow their teams to experiment with what might be the future of web experiences for users. Yes, it is a risky bet, but this is something that is gaining a lot of strength, and we might be hearing more about it sooner than we expect.
As mentioned above, traditional websites and other digital products aren’t going anywhere, but they surely need to be reworked in terms of what is expected of the future of web design.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Shark attacks in U.S. waters—and how common they really are
The first American shark panic began in the hot summer of 1916, when a series of attacks of the Jersey Shore killed four in two weeks. This was thought to be the work of a single great white shark—a species native to the Atlantic coast and the same likely involved in recent attacks. In a time when little was known about beasts from the deep, the deaths were big news. One paper warned that, facing a scarcity of fish, the shark had “probably acquired a taste for human flesh.”
But 1916 did not start a new time of human-hunting sharks. The rate of attacks in the U.S. stayed relatively stable, at two or three per year, for decades. From the 1950s on, that number rose with human population growth, and its attendant increase of people in the water.
Globally, both numbers have been climbing faster since the late 1980s and into the 21st century, but such encounters with sharks are still remarkably uncommon given that the human population is some 7.5 billion. In 2017, 53 of the world’s 88 confirmed attacks took place on U.S. coastlines, with 31 in Florida - but even there, you’re far less likely to be killed by a shark than by lightning. Thanks to beach safety and hospital access, only five of last year’s global attacks were fatal.
“If sharks were actively hunting people, we’d see far more attacks,” says Gavin Naylor, director at the Florida Museum’s Program for Shark Research.
Statistically, sharks have far more to fear from us than we do from them—fisheries wipe out an estimated 100 million each year, and climate change and other human activity have threatened shark habitats, sending their global population into decline. But that doesn’t make it any less sad when the beasts bite back.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
China’s Film Industry Finally Joins the Space Race
China was a latecomer to space exploration, and in the movies, it has been a latecomer to science fiction, too. But that is about to change.
The country’s first blockbuster set in space. “The Wandering Earth,” opens Tuesday amid grandiose expectations that it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese film making.
“The Wandering Earth,” shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour the Earth. Therefore, earth’s governments rally and come up with a novel solution: they speckle the planet with 10,000 gigantic jets, and blast it out of its orbit and off on a hundred-generation journey to a new home 4.2 light-years away. However, a malfunction of the Earth Engine system leaves the planet caught in Jupiter’s gravity, and gradually being pulled toward destruction. A frantic group of workers have to scramble to reactivate the jets and correct the Earth’s course.
So far, the reviews have been positive. “Filmmakers in China see science fiction as a holy grail,” said Raymond, an independent critic, who noted that Hollywood had set the technological standards, and thus audience expectations, very high.
“The Wandering Earth” is adapted from works by Liu CiXin, the writer who has led a renaissance in science fiction here, becoming the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award for the genre in 2015. His novels are sprawling epics and deeply researched. That makes them plausible fantasies about humanity’s encounters with a dangerous universe.
The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on the far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts in orbit and has ambitious plans to join — or even lead — a new age of space exploration.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________




















参考答案
1．One possible version:
Scientists discovered the cause of teenagers’ unpredictable behaviors thanks to brain-imaging technology. Studies show that brains continue to grow until age 25, so teenagers’ still-developing brains causes them to take risks. Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains do and stimulate them to have more social connections, paving the way for their future success.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，多亏了大脑成像技术，科学家们发现了青少年不可预测行为的原因。研究表明，大脑在25岁之前会继续生长，所以青少年仍在发育的大脑会让他们冒险。青少年的大脑衡量风险和回报的方式与成年人不同，这刺激他们建立更多的社会联系，为他们未来的成功铺平道路。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more detail than ever before. Their discoveries have led to a new theory of why teens act the way they do.
②Now, scientists have concluded that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at balancing our impulses (冲动) with the need to follow rules.
③However, a brain that is still developing does this awkwardly. The result, scientists claim, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.
④One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens view risks and rewards.
⑤Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks and makes teens feel the excitement of new experiences more keenly than adults do.
⑥It, therefore, connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行重组，将第2、3和4、5、6几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Scientists discovered the cause of teenagers’ unpredictable behaviors thanks to brain-imaging technology.
Studies show that brains continue to grow until age 25, so teenagers’ still-developing brains causes them to take risks.
Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains do and stimulate them to have more social connections, paving the way for their future success.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Studies show that brains continue to grow until age 25, so teenagers’ still-developing brains causes them to take risks.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]：Teenagers’ brains measure risks and rewards differently than adult brains do and stimulate them to have more social connections, paving the way for their future success. (运用了现在分词作状语)
2．One possible version:
New research has found that for kids who have trouble with math, tutoring makes no difference at all. Critics say that this finding may cause parents to give up helping those kids too early. The researchers agree that it’s better to be careful with the conclusion and claim that they hope to find proper interventions to help those kids.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新的研究发现，对于数学有困难的孩子来说，辅导根本没有什么作用。批评家认为这一发现可能会导致父母过早放弃帮助这些孩子，而研究人员认为最好对这一结论保持谨慎的态度，并声称他们希望找到适当的干预措施来帮助这些孩子。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Parents whose children are struggling with math often view intense tutoring as the best way to help them master crucial skills, but a new study released on Monday suggests that for some kids even that is a lost cause.
②Jonathan Moreno, professor of medical ethics at the University of Pennsylvania, fears that some parents and teachers might “give up now” on a math-challenged child.
③Menon and his fellow scientists agree that their research shouldn’t lead to conclusions immediately. They are exploring whether any interventions might change the brain in such a way that children who struggle with math can benefit more from tutoring.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点的主要信息进行提取；总结第2个要点的主要内容；将第3个要点进行总结提取，注意语言表达的精准和使用一些自己的词语。
3.遣词造句
New research has found that for kids who have trouble with math, tutoring makes no difference at all.
Critics say that this finding may cause parents to give up helping those kids too early.
The researchers agree that it’s better to be careful with the conclusion and claim that they hope to find proper interventions to help those kids.
【点睛】[高分句型1] New research has found that for kids who have trouble with math, tutoring makes no difference at all. 使用了that引导的宾语从句和who引导的定语从句，对第一段的主要内容进行概括。
[高分句型2] The researchers agree that it’s better to be careful with the conclusion and claim that they hope to find proper interventions to help those kids. 使用并列连词and连接了that引导的宾语从句，对文章最后三段内容进行概括。
3．To raise money for good causes, the US legalized gambling. Though bringing advantages, it causes problems. More people became addicted to it, ending up in prison or becoming homeless. What’s worse, there is the moral issue whether the government should support gambling or it confuses traditional values. In 1996, a commission suggested a ban on it, which is still debatable.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，为了筹集善款，美国将赌博合法化。虽然它带来了好处，但也带来了问题。越来越多的人对它上瘾，最终进了监狱或无家可归。更糟糕的是，政府是否应该支持赌博，还是它混淆了传统价值观，这是一个道德问题。1996年，一个委员会建议禁止它，这至今仍有争议。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①More and more states have legalized gambling in order to raise income.
②More than 5 million Americans suffer from gambling addiction. As a result, many of them will end up in prison or even homeless.
③Perhaps the most important concern is the moral issue of legalized gambling.
④In 1996, Congress created a commission to conduct a legal study of the social and economic impacts of gambling in the United States.After two years of study, the Commission recommended an end to the expansion of legalized gambling.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、3两个点进行整合，将第2、4两个点进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
To raise money for good causes, the US legalized gambling.
While it brings advantages, it creates problems.
Worse, there is the moral question of whether the government should support gambling or if it confuses traditional values.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Though bringing advantages, it causes problems.（Though引导的让步状语从句）
[高分句型2]What’s worse, there is the moral issue whether the government should support gambling or it confuses traditional values.（whether引导的宾语从句）
4．There are basically two methods by which we can find our way successfully: establishing a route from the starting point to the destination and building a mental map to enable us to work out the route. In the real world, we generally find our way by combining the methods. But the mental map-building ability enables us to correct the mistakes.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是成功的旅行者有两种方式来驾驭他们的环境，从而找到自己的方向。第一种是从起始点到终点要遵循固定的路线。第二种是导航策略包括鸟瞰图，即整个区域的地图。在现实世界中，我们通常通过结合这些方法来找到自己的路。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Psychologists have found that there are two main ways that successful travelers use to navigate their environment.
②The first is to follow a fixed route from here to there.
③The second navigational strategy involves a bird’s-eye view—a map of the general area. 
④Sometimes maps just make for better directions, but they are essential if we make a mistake and have to figure out how to correct our course.
2.缜密构思
将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Psychologists have discovered that there are two ways to determine your path
People usually determine a route by starting and ending points.
By creating a mental map of the entire area, the wrong route can be repaired.
In real life, we can determine our direction and route through these two ways.
【点睛】【高分句型写范文中的就可以，至少2个高分句型】
[高分句型1] There are basically two methods by which we can find our way successfully.运用介词+关系代词构成的定语从句，表达更高级。
[高分句型2]：In the real world, we generally find our way by combining the methods.用介词短语in the real word以及介词+动名词结构，作状语，表达非常高级。
5．How to design your home affects your figure. Below are tips to design home to help diet. (要点1) Firstly, make the house brighter, because dark environments lead to eating more. (要点2) Besides, paint the room with cold colors such as blue to reduce food intake. (要点3) In addition, use the clock to record the dinner time. Since eating slowly helps take in fewer calories, lengthen it to 30 minutes or longer. (要点4) Finally, use smaller dining tools. (要点5)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，如何设计你的家影响你的身材。下面是设计家庭的小贴士，帮助减肥。首先，让房子更明亮，因为黑暗的环境会让人吃得更多。此外，用蓝色等冷色调来减少食物的摄入。另外，用时钟记录晚餐时间。因为细嚼慢咽有助于摄入更少的卡路里，所以把它延长到30分钟或更长时间。最后，使用较小的用餐工具。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.
②Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.
③In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.
④People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those who rush through their meals.
⑤Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
How to design your home affects your figure. Below are tips to design home to help diet.
Firstly, make the house brighter, because dark environments lead to eating more.
Besides, paint the room with cold colors such as blue to reduce food intake.
In addition, use the clock to record the dinner time. Since eating slowly helps take in fewer calories, lengthen it to 30 minutes or longer.
Finally, use smaller dining tools.
【点睛】[高分句型1] How to design your home affects your figure.运用“疑问词+不定式”作主语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Firstly, make the house brighter, because dark environments lead to eating more.用because引导原因状语从句对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．Vertical farming was restudied recently to solve the world food crisis due to its three advantages. First of all, it doesn’t need much space. Besides, it can not only use recycled water with nutrients to grow organically but also provide job opportunities. It’s of great benefit to countries without agriculture and has gained support from people.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。虽然垂直农业这一概念早在20世纪50年代就有了，但人们近期才开始探索它，认为它是解决世界粮食危机的一个解决方案，因其有三个优势：占用空间少，食物有机，创造工作机会。该模式对于没有农业的国家最为受益。人们对此的反响很好。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
① Vertical farming isn’t actually a very new concept.
② The building used for vertical farming won’t take up much space because they are tail - they’re skyscrapers.
③ Another advantage is that all food could be grown organically.
④ Vertical farming would create jobs too.
⑤ Where is it likely to happen? Who will benefit most from it?
⑥ People have reacted really well to this idea.
2.缜密构思
第1个要点引出垂直农业这个概念，第2、3、4个要点指出了垂直农业的好处。第5个要点引出受益群体。最后一个要点说明人们的反应。
3.遣词造句
Vertical farming was restudied recently to solve the world food crisis due to its three advantages.
First of all, it doesn’t need much space.
Besides, it can not only use recycled water with nutrients to grow organically but also provide job opportunities.
It’s of great benefit to countries without agriculture and has gained support from people..

【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, it can not only use recycled water with nutrients to grow organically but also provide job opportunities. 运用not only…but also…连接并列结构对第四、第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
[高分句型2]：It’s of great benefit to countries without agriculture and has gained support from people.运用了be+of+名词的结构来代替形容词，表达非常高级。
7．The achievement gap in America means obvious and lasting inequality in students’ academic performance by different standards.
As to causes, home environments are more influential than schools since students stay home longer. Besides, wealthy children have more access to educational resources than their poor peers
Many organizations have made considerable attempts to close the achievement gap by enhancing educational equality.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章揭露了美国学生成绩差距的原因以及提出了解决办法。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The achievement gap in the United States refers to the observed, persistent disparity(差异)in measures of educational performance among subgroups of U. S. students, especially groups defined by socio-economic status, race and gender.
②Home environments have a stronger impact on school achievement than in-school factors, in part, because children spend more time outside of school than in school.
③In addition, the out-of-school factors influencing academic performance differ significantly between children living in poverty and children from middle-income households.
④Attempts to minimize the achievement gap by improving equality of access to educational opportunities have been numerous, such as multicultural education, finance equalization, and interventions to improve school testing, teacher quality and responsibility.
2.缜密构思：将要点1作为现象引领话题，要点2、3作为要点1的原因，要点3作为解决方法。
3.遣词造句：
There is a achievement gap among America ,which means obvious and lasting inequality in students’ academic performance by different standards.
As to causes, it is home environments that are more influential than schools since students stay home longer.
In order to close the achievement gap, many organizations have made considerable attempts through enhancing educational equality
【点睛】2.[高分句型1] As to causes, home environments are more influential than schools since students stay home longer.(运用了more than句型)
[高分句型2] Many organizations have made considerable attempts to close the achievement gap by enhancing educational equality.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
8．The Metaverse, the next version of the Internet using AI technologies to get users immersed, is a challenging opportunity to web design companies, rather than a threat. The Metaverse will coexit with the existing digital products, benefiting users and businesses. The tech stacks used in digital operation should be reconsidered to build welcoming interfaces and experiences, with risky experiments allowed.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了旨在将许多不同的网络开发和HiTech技术结合在一起，为用户提供一种新的网络体验的项目Metaverse。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①On the Metaverse, users will be immersed(沉浸在)in the content thanks to technologies like Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Machine Learning, and other forms of Artificial Intelligence.
②   Although much has been said about it, there is still much that needs to be done, and this is both an opportunity and a challenge.
③ On the contrary, it will most likely be the case that both will coexist in new and more powerful forms.
④As mentioned above, traditional websites and other digital products aren’t going anywhere, but they surely need to be reworked in terms of what is expected of the future of web design.
2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句The Metaverse, the next version of the Internet using AI technologies to get users immersed, is a challenging opportunity to web design companies, rather than a threat. The Metaverse will coexit with the existing digital products, benefiting users and businesses. The tech stacks used in digital operation should be reconsidered to build welcoming interfaces and experiences, with risky experiments allowed.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The Metaverse, the next version of the Internet using AI technologies to get users immersed, is a challenging opportunity to web design companies, rather than a threat.运用非谓语动词对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]：The tech stacks used in digital operation should be reconsidered to build welcoming interfaces and experiences, with risky experiments allowed.用with的复合结构对倒数第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．1916 witnessed the start of shark panic in the U.S., when four people were killed in the attacks. However, the number of such attacks didn’t rise until the 1950s, when the population increased. Even so, from the global perspective, shark attacks are rare and are mostly not fatal. Actually, it is human behaviour that does damage to sharks.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，1916年见证了美国鲨鱼恐慌的开始，四人在袭击中丧生。然而，这种袭击的数量直到20世纪50年代人口增长才有所上升。即便如此，从全球的角度来看，鲨鱼袭击是罕见的，而且大多不会致命。事实上，对鲨鱼造成伤害的是人类的行为。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The first American shark panic began in the hot summer of 1916, when a series of attacks of the Jersey Shore killed four in two weeks.
②From the 1950s on, that number rose with human population growth, and its attendant increase of people in the water.
③Globally, both numbers have been climbing faster since the late 1980s and into the 21st century, but such encounters with sharks are still remarkably uncommon given that the human population is some 7.5 billion. In 2017, 53 of the world’s 88 confirmed attacks took place on U.S. coastlines, with 31 in Florida - but even there, you’re far less likely to be killed by a shark than by lightning.
④Statistically, sharks have far more to fear from us than we do from them—fisheries wipe out an estimated 100 million each year, and climate change and other human activity have threatened shark habitats, sending their global population into decline.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
1916 witnessed the start of shark panic in the U.S., when four people were killed in the attacks.
However, the number of such attacks didn’t rise until the 1950s, when the population increased.
Even so, from the global perspective, shark attacks are rare and are mostly not fatal.
Actually, it is human behaviour that does damage to sharks.
【点睛】[高分句型1] 1916 witnessed the start of shark panic in the U.S., when four people were killed in the attacks.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中when引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] However, the number of such attacks didn’t rise until the 1950s, when the population increased.运用when引导的非限制性定语从句对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．One possible version:
The Wandering Earth, China’s first major film set in space, has been received positively, signaling a new era of Chinese filmmaking. Based on the work of China’s leading sci-fi writer LiuCixin, who highlights mankind’s struggle in space, it describes humanity’s efforts to save Earth from destruction. The film also coincided with a space exploration milestone of China’s.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国是太空探索的后来者，在电影领域，它也是科幻小说的后来者。但随着中国第一部以太空为背景的大型电影《流浪地球》的上映，标志着中国电影制作进入了一个太空竞赛的新时代。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The country’s first blockbuster set in space. “The Wandering Earth,” opens Tuesday amid grandiose expectations that it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese film making.
②“The Wandering Earth” is adapted from works by Liu CiXin, the writer who has led a renaissance in science fiction here, becoming the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award for the genre in 2015.
③“The Wandering Earth,” shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour the Earth. Therefore, earth’s governments rally and come up with a novel solution: they speckle the planet with 10,000 gigantic jets, and blast it out of its orbit and off on a hundred-generation journey to a new home 4.2 light-years away.
④The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on the far side of the moon in January.
2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点独立，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
The Wandering Earth, China’s first major film set in space, has been received positively, signaling a new era of Chinese filmmaking. Based on the work of China’s leading sci-fi writer LiuCixin, who highlights mankind’s struggle in space, it describes humanity’s efforts to save Earth from destruction. The film also coincided with a space exploration milestone of China’s.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The Wandering Earth, China’s first major film set in space, has been received positively, signaling a new era of Chinese filmmaking.运用同位语及现在分词对原文第一、二、四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Based on the work of China’s leading sci-fi writer LiuCixin, who highlights mankind’s struggle in space, it describes humanity’s efforts to save Earth from destruction.运用过去分词及who引导的定语从句对第三、五段进行了概括。