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    2023北京平谷初三(上)期末数学(教师版) 试卷

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    2023北京平谷初三(上)期末数学(教师版)

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    这是一份2023北京平谷初三(上)期末数学(教师版),共12页。试卷主要包含了选择题,填空题,解答题解答应写出文字说明等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    2023北京初三(上)期末                20231一、选择题(本题共16分,每小题2分)下面各题均有四个选项,其中只有一个是符合题意的.1已知),下列比例式成立的是A    B   C    D2如图, ABC中,DE分别为ABAC边上的点DE//BC AD=2BD,则的值为(  (A)        (B)          (C)      (D) 3将抛物线图象先向左平移1个单位,再向下平移3个单位,得到的抛物线的表达式是A             (B)        (C)               D 4.如图,每个小正方形的边长为1,点ABC均在格点上,则的值A   B   C    D5如图,若点A反比例函数图象一点过点Ax轴的垂线交x轴于点B,点Cy轴上任意一点,则△ABC的面积为A1      B2  C3  D46.如图,中,点EAD中点,若△AEO的面积为1,则△BOC的面积为A2       B3        C4      D7“今有圆材,埋在壁中,不知大小,以锯锯之,深一寸,锯道长一尺,问径几何?”这是《九章算术》中的一个问题,用现代的语言表述为:如图,CD 为⊙O 的直径,弦 ABCDE,CE=1寸,弦AB=10寸,则 ⊙O的半径为多少A5       B12      C13      D268.如果I表示汽车经撞击之后的损坏程度,经多次实验研究后知道,I与撞击时的速度v的平方之比是常数2,则I与v的函数关系为(A)正比例函数关系 (B)反比例函数关系(C)一次函数关系 (D)二次函数关系 二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题2分)9函数的自变量x的取值范围是           10. 扇形的圆心角为120°,半径为3,则扇形的弧长为      .11.如图,RtABC中,C=90°,如果cosA=AB=6,那么AC的长为        12如图,在O中,ABCO上三点,如果ACB=30º,弦AB=5,那么⊙O的半径长为_________________.13. 已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+ca0的部分图象,则关于x的一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0的解为              14如图RtABC中,∠BAC=90°,ADBCDBD=1CD=4AD的长             15.青藏铁路是当今世界上海拔最高、线路最长的高原铁路,因路况、季节、天气等原因行车的平均速度在250-360(千米/小时)之间变化,铁路运行全程所需要的时间(小时)与运行的平均速度(千米/小时)满足如图所示的函数关系,列车运行的平均速度最大和列车运行的平均速度最小时全程所用时间相差____________小时.16. 张老师准备为书法兴趣小组的同学购买上课的用具,在文具商店看到商店有AB两种组合和CDEF商品销售,组合及单件商品质量一样,若该小组共有12人,其中,笔和本每人各需要一份,砚台2人一方即可,墨汁n瓶()。张老师共带了200元钱,请给出一个满足条件的购买方案___________(购买数量写前面商品代码写后面即可,例如:2A+3B+...);n的最大值为__________.商品价格组合A1支笔+1个本+1方砚台+1瓶墨汁)25组合B1支笔+1个本+1瓶墨汁)18C1支笔5D1个本4E:一方砚台10F:一瓶墨汁12三、解答题(本题共68分,第17、18、20、21、22、23、25题,每小题5分19、24题,每小题6分第26-28题,每小题7分)解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.17.计算:18已知:如图,在△ABC中, D AB边的中点,连接CD,∠ACD=∠B AB=4,求AC的长.     19已知二次函数.1求该二次函数顶点坐标;2求该二次函数图象x轴、y轴的交点;3在平面直角坐标系xOy中,画出二次函数图象4结合函数图象,直接写出当y的取值范围.   20.如图,已知劣弧AB,如何等分劣弧AB?下面给出两种作图方法,选择其中一种方法利用直尺和圆规完成作图,并补全证明过程.  方法:作射线OAOB    作∠AOB的平分线OD,与弧AB交于点C;         C即为所求作.证明:∵OC平分∠AOB    ∴∠AOC=BOC                                                              (填推理的依据).方法二:连接AB    作线段AB的垂直平分线EF,直线EF与弧AB交于点C;         C即为所求作. 证明:∵EF垂直平分AB    ∴直线EF经过圆心O                                                           (填推理的依据).21.某班同学们来到操场想利用所学知识测量旗杆的高度.方法如下:如图,线段AB表示旗杆已知A,CD三点在一条直线上,首先用1.5米的测角仪在点C处测得旗杆顶端B的仰角为65°,在点D处得旗杆顶端B的仰角为45°,其中,线段CE和DF均表示测角仪,然后测量出CD距离为5.5米,连接EF并延长交AB于点G,.根据这些数据,计算旗杆AB的长约为多少米.  22.已知:一次函数,与反比例函数交与点A2,41求一次函数和反比例函数的表达式;2已知点P0n)(n>0)过点P作垂直于y轴的直线,与反比例函数交于点B,与一次函数交于点C横、纵坐标都是整数的点叫做整点若线段BCAC与反比例函数图象AB之间的部分围成的图象中(不含边界)恰有3个整点,直接写出n的取值范围.     
    23.如图,在RtABC中,∠ACB=90°,AD平分∠BACBC边于点DDEAB于点E,若BD=5AC的长.        24.如图,已知锐角∠ABC,以AB为直径画OBC于点MBD平分∠ABCO交于点D过点DDE⊥BC于点E1)求证:DEO的切线2连接OEBD于点FABC=60°AB=4DF长.      25. 某景观公园内人工湖里有一组小型喷泉, 水柱从垂直于湖面的水枪喷出,若设距水枪水平距离为x米时水柱距离湖面高度为y米,y与x近似的满足函数关系.现测量出xy的几组数据如下,x(米)01234y(米)1.753.03.754.03.75请解决以下问题:(1) 求出满足条件的函数关系式;(2) 身高1.75米的小明与水柱在同一平面中,设他到水枪的水平距离为m米(m≠0),画出图象,若小明被水枪淋到求m的取值范围.     26.在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线,设抛物线的对称轴为1)当抛物线过点(-20)时,求t的值;2在抛物线上,的取值范围.   27.如图,△ABC中,DAC边中点,EBC延长线上一点,连接ED并延长,使DF=ED,连接BF.1依题意补全图形;2连接BD,若,猜想BDDE的数量关系,并证明。28.如图,平面直角坐标系中,矩形ABCD,其中A(1,0)、B(4,0)、C(4,2)、D(1,2).定义如下:若点P关于直线l的对称点P在矩形ABCD的边上,则称点P为矩形ABCD关于直线l的“关联点”.(1)已知点P1 ( -1,2)、点P2(-2,1)、点P3(-4,1)、点P4(-3,-1)中是矩形ABCD关于y轴的关联点的是    (2)的圆心M,1半径为,若至少存在一个点是矩形ABCD关于直线x=t的关联点求t的取值范围;(2)的圆心Mm,1)(m<0)半径为r,若存在t值使上恰好存在四个点是矩形ABCD关于直线x=t的关联点写出r的取值范围,并写出当r取最小值时t的取值范围(用含m的式子表示)。 
    参考答案一、选择题(本题共16分,每小题2分)题号12345678答案BDACACCD   二、填空题(本题共16分,每小题2分)题号910111213141516答案4522.2答案唯一例如5A+1E+7C+7D4A+2E+8C+8D3A+3E+9C+9D+1F    ;  5 三、解答题(本题共68分,第17、18、20、21、22、23、25题,每小题5分19、24题,每小题6分第26-28题,每小题7分)解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.17.··································································4··································································518.解:∵D为AB中点,AB=4∴AD=2······················································1∵∠ACD=∠B,∠A=∠A       ··························································3       ··························································4       ·························································519.1 ∴顶点坐标为(1-4················································12·····························································23······························································44)画出图象·····················································55·····························································620. 方法:作射线OAOB    作∠AOB的平分线OC,与弧AB交于点C;         C即为所求作.作图·······················································2证明:∵OC平分∠AOB    ∴∠AOC=BOC      AC=BC               ··············································3    在同圆或等圆中,如果两个圆心角,那么它所对的弧相等,所对的弦也相等    (填推理的依据).··································································5作图正确···························································22证明:∵EF垂直平分AB    ∴直线EF经过圆心O      AC=BC              ·············································3  垂径定理         .·············································521.解:由题意,∠BGF=90°BEG=65°,∠BFG=45°,EF=CD=5.5米              AG=EC=FD=1.5··············································1 RtBGE,∵BGF=90°,∠BEG=65°          ·····························································2             EG=x,则BG=2.1x RtBGF中,∵BGF=90°,∠BFG=45°           BG=FG·····················································3              2.1x=x+5.5              解得,·····················································4                  2.1x=10.5AB=10.5+1.5=12····································5∴旗杆高约为12.22.解:(1)∵反比例函数过点A2,4                m=8························································1      ∵一次函数过点A2,4  k=3·····················································2     2···························································523.解: ∵DE⊥AB∴∠BED=90°BE=4DE=3·····································2AD平分∠BAC,∠ACB=90°,DEABDC=DE=3·····································3BC=BD+DC=8AB=10·······························4由勾股,AC=6···························524.(1)解:连结OD∵BD平分∠ABC∴∠DCO=90°···························1∴∠ABD=CBD OD=OB∴∠ODB=∠ABD∴∠ODB=∠CBD··························2∴OD∥BC.∵DE⊥BC∴∠ODE=∠DEB=90°DEO的切线·························32)连接AD∵∠ABC=60°BD平分∠ABC,∴∠ABD=∠CBD=30°∵AB是直径∴∠ADB=90°∵AB=4∴AD=2,∵∠CBD=30°,∠DEB=90°,BE=3···························4ODBCDF=x·································625.解:(1)由表格可知抛物线的顶点坐标为(3,4设抛物线的解析式为···············...........................1       ∵抛物线过点(1,3  代入得,4a+4=3...........................2      ...........................3(2..........................526.1)对称轴x=-1···················································2 2a>0,m>n>0时,如图     此时,····························································40>m>n时,没有满足条件的抛物线.a<0,则有m>0>n时,如图此时,································································6 ·························································7  27.(1)补全图形............................................1(2) 结论:BD=DE............................................2 证明: 连接AF.           DAC中点AD=DC...........................................3DF=DE,AD=DC,∠ADF=EDC           ∴△ADF≌△CDE. AF=EC,∠AFD=DEC...........................................4           AFCE          ∴∠AFB=90°............................................5            FABE        ∴∠FBE=90°...........................................6          FD=DE          ...........................................728.解:(1P1P3···············································22·····························································4(3);·······························································7

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