高考英语概要写作专项训练

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项训练，共20页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。
概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in NO MORE THAN 60 WORDS. Use your own words as far as possible.
The lost art of listening
Do you think you’re a good listener? Chances are that you do. But studies show that most people seriously overestimate their ability to listen. The truth is we are generally not good at listening, and our listening comprehension declines as we age.
This was proven by Dr. Ralph Nichols, who conducted a simple experiment to test students’ listening skills. He had some Minnesota teachers stop what they were doing mid-class, and then asked students to describe what their teachers had been talking about. While older kids with more developed brains, are usually assumed to be better listeners, the results, however, showed otherwise: While 90 percent of first-and second-graders gave correct responses, this percentage dropped rapidly as the students got older.
One reason for our poor listening concerns the speed at which we think. The adult brain can process up to around 400 words per minute, more than three times faster than the speed an average person speaks. This means we can easily think about something else while someone is talking to us, allowing our mind to wander or get sidetracked. The younger students in Dr. Nichols’s experiment were better listeners partly because their brains were less developed — they lacked the extra brain power to be distracted.
Another factor that contributes to our poor listening is our ever-decreasing attention span. According to a Mircrosoft study, the age of smartphones has had a negative impact here. In 2000 — around the time the mobile revolution began — the average human attention span was 12 seconds; by 2013, it had fallen to 8 seconds. Even a goldfish — with an average attention span of 9 seconds — can hold a thought for longer!
More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. Learning to observe a speaker’s body language and emotions, for example, can improve our active listening. Even the simple act of note-taking or making eye contact can help us stay focused while listening.
2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A New Wave of Migration
As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries. A report released this week declares that if nothing is done to control global warming and factor migration into development planning, by mid-century this internal population shift could involve more than 140 million people in three regions examined: sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia and Latin America. “Climate change is already a driver of internal migration, and it will become more so in the future,” says John Roome, senior director of Climate change at The World Bank Group.
The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden. It is necessary for developed countries like the U.S. to step up, says Maria Cristina Garcia, a professor of American Studies at Cornell University. Developed countries can help by both working to limit greenhouse gas emissions and funding efforts to help developing nations plan for climate migration challenges.
The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down. Some people will need to migrate despite any measures that might be taken —but “this doesn’t have to be a crisis” Roome says. Properly managed migration could even bring more economic opportunities to some poor communities. But planning needs to start now.
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3．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Normally and naturally, a daughter is more attached to her mother in comparison to her father or other siblings. The attachment is also due to the fact that the daughter finds it easier to confide in(向…吐露个人隐私) the mother on personal and biological matters at different stages while growing up.
The bonding between mother and daughter will increase with their being together and going out on an excursion. An excursion is a journey to some far-off place undertaken by people. It is not necessary that such a trip be taken on a lavish (奢侈)scale involving lots of money. It can be as short as an overnight trip to some place to improve bonding. A mother can plan a trip to some local spa without the knowledge of her daughter. She can be ready with baggage packed and wait for the moment the daughter comes back from school. Once in the hotel they can enjoy the night together getting refreshing treatments like massage. After relaxing spa they can laze in bed, enjoying favourite food or drink and if possible enjoying nature through the window. After a long period of relaxation, going out for a walk together will improve bonding.
Going out overnight to enjoy comforting walk at the beach, strolling and relaxing at intervals without the interference of any other person can be a great idea of bonding. Being of the same sex, and often having the same set of likes and dislikes, they can spend time on makeup or applying nail polish etc. The daughter should never forget to thank the mother for the wonderful time they spent together, and the mother should never hesitate to say a few words of praise to the daughter.
Going out for shopping together is a good bonding idea too. It is not essential that lots of money should be spent on shopping. The mother can take the daughter to some shops where she can buy her uniform or some other things. They can jointly enjoy window shopping, expressing love for and gratitude to the other.
4．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We’ve all been there: It’s been a long week at work, so Friday night, you reward yourself by going to bed early and sleeping in. But when you wake up the next morning (or afternoon), your limbs feel like they’re filled with sand. Your brain is still lying down and you even have faint headache. If too little sleep is a problem, then why is extra sleep a terrible solution?
Actually, oversleep makes you throw off your biological clock. You might be crawling out of bed at 11 am, but your cells started using their energy cycle at seven. Oversleep isn’t just going to ruin your Saturday hike. If you’re oversleeping on the regular, you could be putting yourself at risk for diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Harvard’s massive Nurses Health Study found that people who slept 9 to 11 hours a night developed memory problems and were more likely to develop heart disease than people who slept a solid eight. It is estimated that chronic oversleep affects about 4 percent of the population. These are generally people who work odd hours, have an uncomfortable sleep situation, or a sleeping disorder.
Doctors recommend using dark curtains and artificial lights to straighten things out rather than medication or supplements for people who wake up before the suns rise or go to sleep when it’s light out. Plus, if your bed or bedroom is uncomfortable—too hot or cold, messy, or lumpy—your body will spend more time in light sleep. Wanting rest, you’ll sleep longer. So try to avoid it. If everything’s just fine with your sleep zone but you still can’t get under the eight hour mark, you might need to go see a doctor. It could be a symptom of narcolepsy, which makes you sleep in more.
No matter what the causes are, too much sleep is not good for your long term health. Rather than kick the can down the road, try getting some equilibrium(平衡) between your weekend and weekday sleep.
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5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Technology is forever changing the way we get our news. Many people now get a lot of their news on electronic devices, instead of traditional media, such as newspapers, television or radio. An increasing number of people also report turning to social media for information.
Now, there is a new technology that could greatly change the way we get the news: computer-created news readers. Recently, China launched what it called the worlds first artificial intelligence, or AI news presenters.
The news readers, supported by machine learning technology, are based on two real-life Chinese newsmen. One is able to present newscasts in English, the other, in Mandarin Chinese. Report said machine learning was used to examine video images and sounds of the two newsmen. Similar technology has been used to create video products known as “deepfake” videos. A deepfake is a video that looks real, but was electronically changed. Such videos can make people appear to say things they never said.
It's said that the AI presenters will be a great improvement to the news team because they “can work 24 hours a day” on its website and on social media. One of the presenters even promised to “work tirelessly” to keep people informed. Some machine learning experts said the system showed off China’s latest progress in voice recognition, text-to-speech technology and data analysis.
Some companies have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations. Britain’s BBC recently released a video that used machine learning to make it look like one of its news readers speaking different languages. The London-based company that developed the system says its goal is to “remove the language barrier” for many different kinds of video across the internet. Also, Amazon is working on Alexa smart speaker system to create a special news reader voice. Amazon is reportedly preparing to launch Alexas news reader voice in the near future.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The production of fine art is the use of skill and imagination to create aesthetic objects or experiences which can be shared with other people. Photography is thought by some to be a form of fine art; however, others claim that photography is not.
Those who believe that photography is not a form of art present several arguments. They claim a photograph is nothing but an objective record of a particular place at a particular time. Therefore, any beauty that is perceived in the picture is the beauty of the time and place where it was taken, and is not the creation of the photographer. They also argue that sophisticated and expensive equipment often plays a greater role in the success of a photograph than the photographer’s creativity. Even some of the greatest photographers acknowledge that there is a limit to the amount of influence they can have on a final product.
However, there are also many reasons why photography is appreciated on the same level as other recognized forms of visual art. The decisions involved in creating a photograph are analogous to those made by any other artist. A photograph is not just a banal record of the world, but a deliberately created image with its own artistic features. Ansel Adams, the American photographer, commented on this point when he noted: ‘You don’t take a photograph, you make it.’ There is a growing trend for photographers to call themselves artists and their photos are sold for millions of dollars. However, these high prices may not be enough to change people’s perceptions of whether photography is art.
The arguments about whether photography is art have been discussed since the earliest cameras were used. The creative process involved in taking a fine photograph, deciding what, when and how the picture should be taken, is certainly similar to the process of making fine art. However, cameras are also increasingly used to take photographs for non-artistic functions. Although we cannot say that photography itself is necessarily art, we can certainly see that it is a medium that can be used to make art.
7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.
“Two heads are better than one.” That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which it's good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying by themselves: however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.
Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture notes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.
In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere that...,” the source-seeker should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group that it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.
8．阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Heighten Your Appreciation of Music
Music is such a fundamental part of human culture that it likely pre-dates literacy, the invention of the wheel, and even the musical note itself. While people generally know what kind of music they like — and what they don’t — it’s possible to expand your appreciation by learning new ways to listen. Here are some tips for cultivating sensitive awareness of musical elements.
You might feel frightened picking up a guitar or sitting down at a piano — but learning an instrument can help you better understand how a song comes together and what role a specific type of sound plays in the composition. Moreover, the movement and effort of a live performance can often focus your attention on parts of a song you may have otherwise missed. So, the next time you hear a song — particularly a classical arrangement — try to imagine it being performed. Or, try to picture a scene (a thunderstorm, a race) that best fits the mood and tempo of the piece.
It’s certainly not necessary to grab your favorite musician’s biography in order to appreciate a good ditty, but it may help you better understand the context in which he or she wrote the lyrics or recorded a track. Researching backgrounds can also lead you to discover social and political influences at the time the music was created.
It could be hard to appreciate a warm day unless you’ve spent a winter freezing. Likewise, listening to music requires a contrast that helps you better understand how organized and harmonious it can be. Listen to — don’t just hear — common, everyday noises. While some may be irritating, others may have a melody all their own. Either way, you’ll return to a piece of music with a new respect for a focused, deliberate bit of sound.
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9．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a feeling we all get at some point or another. It’s the feeling of low self-confidence, a defeatist attitude and regret. Admitting to the feeling isn’t easy, and sometimes you may not even know it's affecting you, but no matter what the case, it has to be taken care of. To deal with it, you need to know how. These tips appear to be simple, but you need to think of how they apply to you.
Stop saying “I should have ...” It’s so important to learn from our past and recognize where we went wrong, but you will never be able to feel good about yourself if you’re constantly counting those mistakes. Perhaps you really messed up and lost your friends for certain reasons that were totally preventable. Now you’re feeling there’s a hole in your life because you know something is missing. Rather than dwelling on the reason why something happened and what could have been, find a way to make new friends and surround yourself with people who love you for who you are now.
Remember that there’s no such thing as “Perfect”. You’ll always be a work in progress, as will every single person on this earth. The key is to use that to your advantage. You may be learning a new language and feel you’re really getting the hang of it one day and the next you can’t remember a single thing about what you learned the day before. That’s okay. If you accept this truth and start clearing the chimney of negative thoughts such as “I’m not good enough” and “I shouldn't try again because I’ll fail”, you will feel better.
Stay hungry, stay foolish. Challenge yourself to take chances, to create and to explore who you are. This means not always taking yourself so seriously. You’ll find yourself stumbling upon some of the greatest discoveries in your life by accident rather than by design.
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10．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Ever try to get your children to wear bike helmets? They cry, “Johnny and Sara said helmets are for nerds!” And you respond, “I don't care what Johnny and Sara say. You'll do as I say!” This tactic usually fails, of course. It didn't work when your parents said that to you, did it?
Today, wearing a helmet is vital to your child's safety. Each year, bike-related accidents injure about 350, 000 children age 14 and under. Many suffer head injuries; bike helmets can reduce the risk of head injuries by 85 percent. Yet, peer pressure can be a safety risk for children. Experts say children begin to care more about their friends' opinions than their parents' as early as the second grade. A child may refuse to wear a helmet if friends don't, or if they think wearing a bike helmet is not “cool.”
How can a safety-conscious parent deal with this kind of peer pressure? The National SAFE KIDS Campaign provides some suggestions for parents. You can encourage helmet use before “being cool” matters. Some experts suggest putting helmets on children when they begin riding tricycles. If children get used to wearing helmets before age seven, they may find them more acceptable later. It is also important for you to set a good example. The example of parents strongly influences children. You can set a household rule that applies to everyone: If you ride a bicycle, you wear a helmet. In addition, you can promote bicycle helmet use among other parents. Educate other parents about how helmets can reduce the risk of head injuries. This will reduce peer pressure by making rules consistent from household to household.
Every time your children ride a bicycle, ask them to wear helmets, even if it is a five-minute ride. It is your responsibility as a parent. Take a stand when peer pressure is working against you. Be firm. Make it clear that if your children do not wear helmets, they cannot ride their bicycles.
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1．An experiment which shows that the younger students listen better than the older ones proves that our listening comprehension weakens as we get older. Not only are adults more easily distracted than the younger students but also our attention span leads to our poor listening. But people are increasingly aware that listening skill can be promoted by practice.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了倾听能力的变弱，以及变弱的原因。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The truth is we are generally not good at listening, and our listening comprehension declines as we age.
②This was proven by Dr. Ralph Nichols, who conducted a simple experiment to test students’ listening skills.
③While older kids with more developed brains, are usually assumed to be better listeners, the results, however, showed otherwise: While 90 percent of first-and second-graders gave correct responses, this percentage dropped rapidly as the students got older.
④One reason for our poor listening concerns the speed at which we think.
⑤Another factor that contributes to our poor listening is our ever-decreasing attention span.
⑥More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice.
2.缜密构思
将①②③④⑤五个要点进行整合， 将⑥一个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
Our listening comprehension weakens as we get older.
Dr. Ralph Nichols’ experiment shows that the younger students listen better than the older ones.
Adults are more easily distracted than the younger students.
But more and more people are aware that listening skill can be promoted by practice.
【点睛】[高分句型1] An experiment which shows that the younger students listen better than the older ones proves that our listening comprehension weakens as we get older.(运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Not only are adults more easily distracted than the younger students but also our attention span leads to our poor listening.(运用了not only …but also句型，并且将not only放句首构成了倒装句)
2．As the sea extends steadily inland, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate appear. Most “climate migrants” will settle elsewhere in their home countries. It’s unfair for the countries who have contributed the least to global warming to shoulder more of the burden. Though the climate migration is still relatively new, planning needs to start now.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着气候变暖，沿海地区人民要面临向内陆移民的问题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
②But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries.
③The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden.
④The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down.
⑤But planning needs to start now.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
As the sea extends steadily inland, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate appear.
Most “climate migrants” will settle elsewhere in their home countries.
It’s unfair for the countries who have contributed the least to global warming to shoulder more of the burden.
Though the climate migration is still relatively new, planning needs to start now.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对移民现象做了一个背景介绍。其中as引导的时间状语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden.（用because引导的原因状语从句和who引导的定语从句描述了对“气候移民”这一后果的承担不公平，表达高级）
3．In the family a daughter has a closer bond with the mother. (要点1) And staying together and taking an outing can improve their relationship. (要点2)During an unexpected but well-prepared trip, even if as short as an overnight one, they can enjoy many things together and share what they like and dislike. (要点3)Apart from that, going shopping together is another favourable option.(要点4)  （60 words）
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在家庭中，女儿与母亲的关系更密切。呆在一起和外出可以改善她们的关系。在一次意想不到但准备充分的旅行中，即使是短暂的过夜，她们也可以一起享受很多东西，分享他们的好恶。除此之外，一起去购物是另一个不错的选择。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①A daughter is more attached to her mother in comparison to her father or other siblings.
②The bonding between mother and daughter will increase with their being together and going out on an excursion.
③Going out overnight to enjoy comforting walk at the beach, strolling and relaxing at intervals without the interference of any other person can be a great idea of bonding.
④Being of the same sex, and often having the same set of likes and dislike
⑤Going out for shopping together is a good bonding idea too.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
In the family a daughter has a closer bond with the mother. And staying together and taking an outing can improve their relationship. During an unexpected but well-prepared trip, even if as short as an overnight one, they can enjoy many things together and share what they like and dislike. Apart from that, going shopping together is another favourable option.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：During an unexpected but well-prepared trip, even if as short as an overnight one, they can enjoy many things together and share what they like and dislike. 运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第三段进行了概括。其中even if引导让步状语从句、what引导宾语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：Apart from that, going shopping together is another favourable option.Apart from起到了很好的衔接作用，going shopping together动名词做主语，表达高级。
4．Oversleeping regularly makes people’s living clock disordered, threatening their health greatly. It can be caused by getting up too early or going to bed too late, bad sleeping environment and sleeping out of order. People who suffer it are advised to turn to dark curtains and artificial lights, improve living conditions and consult the doctor if necessary. Keeping a balance between workday and holiday sleep is also advocated.（68 words）
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，经常睡过头会使人的生物钟紊乱，极大地威胁到他们的健康。它可能是由早起或晚睡、糟糕的睡眠环境和睡眠无序引起的。建议患这种病的人使用深色窗帘和人工照明，改善生活条件，必要时咨询医生。此外，还提倡在工作日和节假日之间保持睡眠平衡。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Actually, oversleep makes you throw off your biological clock. If you’re oversleeping on the regular, you could be putting yourself at risk for diabetes, heart disease, and obesity.
②These are generally people who work odd hours, have an uncomfortable sleep situation, or a sleeping disorder.
③Doctors recommend using dark curtains and artificial lights to straighten things out rather than medication or supplements for people who wake up before the suns rise or go to sleep when it’s light out. If everything’s just fine with your sleep zone but you still can’t get under the eight hour mark, you might need to go see a doctor.
④Rather than kick the can down the road, try getting some equilibrium(平衡) between your weekend and weekday sleep.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Oversleeping regularly makes people’s living clock disordered, which threatens their health greatly.
The reasons for oversleeping are getting up too early or going to bed too late, bad sleeping environment and sleeping out of order.
People are advised to keep a balance between workday and holiday sleep.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Oversleeping regularly makes people’s living clock disordered, threatening their health greatly.运用现在分词作状语对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]People who suffer it are advised to turn to dark curtains and artificial lights, improve living conditions and consult the doctor if necessary.运用who引导定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
5．Technology has been updating our source of information.(要点1）Now, another technology, so-called AI news-reader, has become a hit.(要点2）This new invention uses voice of two real-life Chinese newsmen, broadcasting both in English and Chinese.(要点3）One advantage of the machine is that it can work non-stop.(要点4）Some companies, including BBC and Amazon , are trying to produce similar, even better learning machines.(要点5）
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，科技一直在更新我们的信息来源。现在，一项所谓的人工智能新闻阅读器的技术已经成为热门。这项新发明使用了两个真实的中国记者的声音，用英语和汉语进行广播，其优点是可以不停地工作。包括英国广播公司和亚马逊在内的一些公司正在尝试生产类似的、甚至更好的学习机器。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Technology is forever changing the way we get our news.
②Recently, China launched what it called the world’s first artificial intelligence, or AI news presenters.
③The news readers, supported by machine learning technology, are based on two real-life Chinese newsmen. One is able to present newscasts in English, the other, in Mandarin Chinese.
④It’s said that the AI presenters will be a great improvement to the news team because they “can work 24 hours a day” on its website and on social media.
⑤Some companies have experimented with similar technology for possible use in news operations. Britain’s BBC recently released a video that used machine learning to make it look like one of its news readers speaking different languages. Also, Amazon is working on Alexa smart speaker system to create a special news reader voice.
2.缜密构思将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Nowadays, the technology that is called AI news-reader has become popular.
This new invention which uses voice of two real-life Chinese newsmen broadcasts both in English and Chinese.
Some companies which include BBC and Amazon are trying to develop similar, even better learning machines.
【点睛】[高分句型1] This new invention uses voice of two real-life Chinese newsmen, broadcasting both in English and Chinese. 运用非谓语动词对原文第三段进行了概括。其中现在分词作状语表达高级。
[高分句型2]One advantage of the machine is that it can work non-stop.运用一个主从复合句对原文第四段进行了概括。其中that引导的定语从句表达高级。
6．Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art.Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record and the photographer’s creativity isn’t reflected. However, Others are in favor of it. They think photograph is a deliberately created image. All in all, photography is a medium used to make art.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了摄影是否应该被认为是一门艺术，人们的观点不一。一些人反对它，因为他们认为这只是一个客观的记录。然而，有些人是持赞成态度，照片不仅仅是对世界平庸无奇的记录，也是一种刻意创造的具有自身艺术特色的图像。
【详解】要点摘录
①Photography is thought by some to be a form of fine art; however, others claim that photography is not.
②Those who believe that photography is not a form of art present several arguments. They claim a photograph is an objective record of a particular place at a particular time. They also argue that sophisticated and expensive equipment often plays a greater role in the success of a photograph than the photographer’s creativity.
③However, there are also many reasons why photography is appreciated on the same level as other recognized forms of visual art.
④Although we cannot say that photography itself is necessarily art, we can certainly see that it is a medium that can be used to make art.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第1、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art.
Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record.
However, some are for it, they think photograph is a deliberately created image.
All in all, photography is a medium used to make art.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Opinions vary from person to person on whether photography should be considered a fine art（运用了whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]Some are against it because they think it is just an objective record. （运用了because引导的原因状语从句）
7．Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder. Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best. If the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了许多大学鼓励学生利用学习小组获得更好的成绩，在学习小组中，学生不仅可以获得最好的学术资源，还可以激励彼此更加努力地学习。除了规模小之外，相同的目标和不太长的社交活动也能帮助学习小组发挥最佳效果。如果研究小组中的成员被分配不同的角色，这将提高效率。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups.
②In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.
③By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students.
④however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.
⑤Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right.
⑥And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture notes.
⑦Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.
⑧In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted.
2.缜密构思将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组，将第5、6、7三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder.
Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best.
If you have no enough time or enough money to go, chat online with those people who are familiar with the college.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder. (where引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] If the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency. (If引导条件状语从句)
8．As music is important in human culture, here are several ways to level up one’s appreciation. First, learning instruments helps understand musical composition and live performance makes one focus on the details. Second, musician’s biographies and background research tell the context knowledge and influences of musical pieces. Finally, one can appreciate music better if he listens to everyday noises as a contrast.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章就如何提高对音乐的鉴赏力给出几条建议。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Music is such a fundamental part of human culture that it likely pre-dates literacy, the invention of the wheel, and even the musical note itself.
②Here are some tips for cultivating sensitive awareness of musical elements.
③You might feel frightened picking up a guitar or sitting down at a piano — but learning an instrument can help you better understand how a song comes together and what role a specific type of sound plays in the composition.
④Moreover, the movement and effort of a live performance can often focus your attention on parts of a song you may have otherwise missed.
⑤It’s certainly not necessary to grab your favorite musician's biography in order to appreciate a good ditty, but it may help you better understand the context in which he or she wrote the lyrics or recorded a track. Researching backgrounds can also lead you to discover social and political influences at the time the music was created.
⑥Likewise, listening to music requires a contrast that helps you better understand how organized and harmonious it can be. Listen to — don’t just hear — common, everyday noises.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5要点概括大意，将第6要点重组。
3.遣词造句
As music is important in human culture, here are several ways to level up one’s appreciation.
Learning instruments helps understand musical composition and live performance makes one focus on the details.
Musician’s biographies and background research tell the context knowledge and influences of musical pieces.
One can appreciate music better if he listens to everyday noises as a contrast.
【点睛】[高分句型1]As music is important in human culture, here are several ways to level up one’s appreciation.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句）
[高分句型2]Finally, one can appreciate music better if he listens to everyday noises as a contrast.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
9．People should not always sink into negative feelings, and there are ways to deal with them. First, instead of repeatedly focusing on past mistakes and regretting, learn to move forward. Second, admit the fact that there are no perfect things or perfect people and try to think positively. Last, keep trying but don't take everything too seriously, as many things won't turn out as planned.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，人们不应该总是陷入消极情绪，有很多方法可以处理它们。首先，不要重复地关注过去的错误和后悔，要学会前进。第二，承认没有完美的事物或完美的人这一事实，并试着积极地思考。最后，不断尝试，但不要把每件事都太认真，因为很多事情不会像计划的那样。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Admitting to the feeling isn’t easy, and sometimes you may not even know it’s affecting you, but no matter what the case, it has to be taken care of. To deal with it, you need to know how. These tips appear to be simple, but you need to think of how they apply to you.
②It’s so important to learn from our past and recognize where we went wrong, but you will never be able to feel good about yourself if you're constantly counting those mistakes. Rather than dwelling on the reason why something happened and what could have been, find a way to make new friends and surround yourself with people who love you for who you are now.
③Remember that there’s no such thing as “Perfect”. You’ll always be a work in progress, as will every single person on this earth. If you accept this truth and start clearing the chimney of negative thoughts such as “I’m not good enough” and “I shouldn’t try again because I’ll fail”, you will feel better.
④Challenge yourself to take chances, to create and to explore who you are. This means not always taking yourself so seriously. You’ll find yourself stumbling upon some of the greatest discoveries in your life by accident rather than by design.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
People should not always sink into negative feelings, and there are ways to deal with them.
First, instead of repeatedly focusing on past mistakes and regretting, learn to move forward.
Second, admit the fact that there are no perfect things or perfect people and try to think positively.
Last, keep trying but don’t take everything too seriously, as many things won't turn out as planned.
【点睛】[高分句型1] First, instead of repeatedly focusing on past mistakes and regretting, learn to move forward.运用动名词作宾语对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Second, admit the fact that there are no perfect things or perfect people and try to think positively.运用that引导同位语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．It is hard for parents to persuade their children to wear bike helmets due to peer pressure. However, it is a must because bike-related accidents cause injuries and wearing helmets reduces risks effectively. Parents should encourage their kids to wear helmets from an early age and be a role model themselves. They can also promote bicycle helmet use to raise awareness. Parents should take a firm stand against peer pressure and make sure their kids wear helmets when cycling.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于同龄人的压力，父母很难说服自己的孩子戴自行车头盔。然而，这是必须的，因为与自行车有关的事故会导致伤害，戴头盔可以有效地降低风险。父母应该鼓励他们的孩子从小戴头盔，并成为自己的榜样。他们还可以促进自行车头盔的使用，以提高意识。父母应该坚决反对同龄人的压力，确保他们的孩子在骑自行车时戴头盔。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①It didn't work when your parents said that to you, did it? Today, wearing a helmet is vital to your child's safety. Each year, bike-related accidents injure about 350, 000 children age 14 and under.
②Many suffer head injuries; bike helmets can reduce the risk of head injuries by 85 percent.
③The example of parents strongly influences children. In addition, you can promote bicycle helmet use among other parents.
④Take a stand when peer pressure is working against you. Be firm. Make it clear that if your children do not wear helmets, they cannot ride their bicycles.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It is hard for parents to persuade their children to wear bike helmets due to peer pressure.
However, it is a must because bike-related accidents cause injuries and wearing helmets reduces risks effectively.
Parents should encourage their kids to wear helmets from an early age and be a role model themselves. They can also promote bicycle helmet use to raise awareness.
Parents should take a firm stand against peer pressure and make sure their kids wear helmets when cycling.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is hard for parents to persuade their children to wear bike helmets due to peer pressure.运用it作形式主语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] However, it is a must because bike-related accidents cause injuries and wearing helmets reduces risks effectively.用because引导原因状语从句对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。