2022-2023学年广东省广州市第二中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年广东省广州市第二中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共34页。试卷主要包含了考生必须保持答题卡的整洁等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 广州市第二中学2022学年第二学期期中考
高一英语
本试卷共8页，共8大题，满分150分(含口试成绩)，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号。用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己班级、姓名和考生号填写在答题卡上。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的，答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
I.单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1. All the drivers have been warned that driving after drinking shall ______ serious accidents.
A. bring up B. bring about C. bring in D. bring back
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所有的司机都被警告过，酒后驾车会导致严重的交通事故。A. bring up养育；B. bring about导致；C. bring in引入；D. bring back使记起，带回。根据常识、句意及后文“serious accidents”可知，酒驾会导致严重的交通事故。故选B项。
2. ________ for the National Team before, Tina was convinced that she would be admitted to the club.
A. To play B. Playing C. Played D. Having played
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词完成式作原因状语。句意：蒂娜以前在国家队打过球，她确信自己会被俱乐部录取。动词play和句子主语Tina之间是主动关系，且动作先于谓语动词was convinced，所以设空处是现在分词的完成式作时间状语。故选D。
3. With the most difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president felt greatly relieved.
A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settled
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多难题解决了，新当选的总统感到很宽慰。本句含有with复合结构，with的宾语是problems，settle与problems构成逻辑上的动宾关系，根据the newly-elected president felt greatly relieved可知，问题被解决了，此处用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C项。
4. A great deal of modern technology ________ been brought in since China carried ________ its reform and opening-up policy(政策).
A. have; on B. have; out C. has; out D. has; on
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。句意：自从中国实行改革开放政策以来，引进了大量的现代技术。第一空前的主语technology是不可数名词，故助动词应用has；carry on继续，carry out实行，执行，根据第二空后的“its reform and opening-up policy”可知此处指“实行改革开放政策”，用carry out。故选C。
5. If ______ in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment.
A. to catch to sleep B. caught to sleep
C. catching sleeping D. caught sleeping
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查if的省略句。句意：如果你被抓住在课堂睡觉，你就打扫教室一个星期作为惩罚。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，if后面省略了you are，完整的句子是：if you are caught sleeping in class.且固定短语catch sb doing“抓住某人做……”，后跟-ing形式，综上，故选D。
6. —Will the Smiths leave for Australia this spring?
—No, they finally decided ________.
A. not to B. not leaving C. not to do D. not to be leaving
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式的省略。句意：——史密斯一家今年春天动身去澳大利亚吗？——不，他们最后决定不去。decide not to do sth.表示“决定不做某事”的意思，上文已经提到了leave for Australia this spring这个动作，此处就可以省略，动词不定式的省略，是把to后面的省掉。故选A。
7. A new survey shows that 54 percent of Americans do not take prescription (处方) medications ________ though they are important to their health.
A. as they instruct B. as were instructed
C. as to be instructed D. as instructed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状从的省略。句意：一项新的调查显示，54%的美国人没有按照指示服用处方药物，尽管这些药物对他们的健康很重要。根据句子结构分析可知，此处为as引导状从的省略，因主语Americans与instruct是被动关系，因此需使用过去分词形式。故选D。
8. --- I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?
--- Don’t speak unless ________.
A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查省略句。句意：——我讨厌和那个家伙说话。看，他来了。我该怎么办?——不要说话，除非有人跟你说话。本题的答语部分是一个省略句。完整的结构应是： Don’t speak until you are spoken to。省略了主语you及be动词，根据句意应使用被动语态，speak to sb. 其被动 be spoken to。改为被动语态时应保留介词to。故选B项。
9. When I try to understand _____prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A. what it is that B. that it is what C. it is what D. what is it that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句型。句意：当我试图理解是什么阻碍了如此多的美国人像人们所期望的那样快乐时，在我看来有两个原因。分析句子结构，此句为动词understand后接宾语从句，从句动词prevents缺主语，用连词代词what引导。因句子宾语从句里面包含一个强调句的疑问句型：特殊疑问词+is/was it that，又宾语从句需用陈述句语序，故is/was应置于it之后。综上，故选A项。
10. ________ is often the case, those without working experience are likely to be turned down when ________ for a post.
A. It, applying B. As, applying C. As, applied D. It, applied
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句的省略。句意：通常情况下，那些没有工作经验的人在申请职位时很可能被拒绝。第一空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，应用关系代词as，as引导非限制性定语从句时位置较灵活，as is often the case“情况常常如此，这是常有的事”；第二空是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，从句主语和主句主语一致，表示“当他们在申请一个职位时”，完整形式是when they are applying for a post，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略，故选B。
11. ________, we have to get down to ________ the papers right away.
A. There was no time left; mark B. There is no time left; being marked
C. As there was no time left; marking D. There being no time left; marking
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格结构和固定搭配。句意：时间不多了，我们必须马上开始阅卷。分析句子可知，第一空可为独立主格结构形式或从句结构形式，而C项时态错误，应为一般现在时；第二空考查get down to doing sth表“开始认真做某事”，为固定结构。故选D项。
12. —I will never forget the day ________ I came to the new campus for the first time.
—________.
A. which; So will I B. that; Neither I will
C. when; Neither will I D. when; Nor I will
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和固定句型。句意：——我永远不会忘记我第一次来到新校园的那一天。——我也不会。分析句子可知，第1空后是定语从句，修饰先行词the day，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中作时间状语，意为“在那一天”，应用关系副词when引导该定语从句；第2空处表示前面的否定也适用于后者，可用固定句型“Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词/助动词do的相应形式+主语”表示，前文用助动词will，所以用Neither/Nor will I。综上，故选C项。
13. The climate here is quite pleasant. The temperature seldom, ________, reaches 30℃ in summer.
A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：这里的气候很宜人。夏季气温即使有也很少达到30℃。A. if not 要不；B. if ever如果曾经有，很少；C. if any如果真有的话；D. if so假如这样的话。根据上文The temperature seldom可知此处指“夏季气温即使有也很少达到30℃。”，if ever与seldom或rarely连用，表示“很少”。故选B。
14. ________, I stretched my arm for it.
A. I saw the book I wanted across the desk B. The book I wanted was across the desk
C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying across the desk
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到书桌对面放着那本书，我伸手去拿。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。根据这一原则，可知see的逻辑主语与I保持一致。如果选A或B，句中没有连词，不能构成并列句或主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式，排除A、B两项；D项逻辑主语与句子主语不一致。故选C。
15. ________ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but ________ up.
A. Surrounded; to give B. Having surrounded; give
C. Being surrounded; to give D. Surrounding; give
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在警察的包围下，绑架者别无选择，只能放弃。be surrounded by被……包围，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式。have no choice but to do除了……别无选择。故选A。
II.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Below are the future optional majors for you to take into consideration before entering college.
Architecture
Degree: Bachelor of Arts
Architecture is the design of the built environment: buildings and their surroundings. As a profession, it is an art, science, and business with careers available in schools of architecture, and in architectural research.
Department of Architecture Design, 101 Alumni Hall, Phone: 513-529-7210
Accountancy
Degree: Bachelor of Science
Accountancy is the language of business. Accountants prepare profit and loss statements, cost studies, and tax reports. They can work for firms of any size, ranging from a large international firm to a small local accounting practice, and government.
School of Business, Student Services Office, Phone: 513-529-1712
Journalism
Degree: Bachelor of Arts
Journalism includes the fields of Media & Culture, and Interactive Media Studies. In addition to essential reporting, writing, and editing skills, journalism combines the art of communication with the science of digital technology. Graduates may become magazine editors, reporters, or copywriters.
Department of Media, Journalism &Film, 206 Williams Hall, Phone: 513-529-5893
Anthropology
Degree: Bachelor of Arts
Anthropology is the study of humans. Individuals and societies are complex and dynamic, which means anthropology covers a lot of ground. The study of people can lead to almost any career path, including education, health care, social work, international development, government and human relations.
Department of Anthropology, 120 Upham Hall, Phone: 513-529-8399
16. Which of the following directly involves the art of communication?
A. Architecture. B. Accountancy. C. Journalism. D. Anthropology.
17. What is the unique advantages of majoring in anthropology?
A. Graduates will receive further education for free.
B. Graduates will receive a Bachelor of Arts degree.
C. Graduates can apply for a position in government.
D. Graduates have a wider range of job chances.
18. Who is the passage most likely intended for?
A. Ordinary job hunters. B. Senior high school graduates.
C. College students. D. Primary school students.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个大学专业的情况。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Journalism 部分中“In addition to essential reporting, writing, and editing skills, journalism combines the art of communication with the science of digital technology.(除了基本的报道、写作和编辑技能外，新闻还将沟通艺术与数字技术科学结合起来)”可知，新闻直接涉及到沟通的艺术。故选C。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Anthropology 部分中“The study of people can lead to almost any career path, including education, health care, social work, international development, government and human relations.(对人的研究几乎可以通向任何职业道路，包括教育、卫生保健、社会工作、国际发展、政府和人际关系)”可知，人类学专业的独特优势是毕业生有更广泛的就业机会。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Below are the future optional majors for you to take into consideration before entering college.(以下是你在进入大学之前需要考虑的未来的可选专业)”结合文章主要介绍了一些大学的专业，以及其专业特点。可推知，这篇文章最可能是写给高中毕业生的。故选B。
B
It was about 11:15 pm on the passenger ship California. The night was freezing cold and the water was filled with ice from the North Pole, making it difficult for the ship to sail on.
In the radio room, ship California’ operator Cyril Evans listened to the radio-talk between a nearby passenger ship and the telegraph station on the Canadian island of Newfoundland. Evans interrupted it and said, “We’re stopped and surrounded by ice. Be careful as you pass through these waters.” The radio operator on the nearby ship replied, “I’m too busy to talk now. I have many messages to send to the telegraph station.” Twenty minutes later, as he turned off his radio and went to bed, Evans could still hear the ship sending its passengers’ telegrams.
Earlier in the evening the California’s captain, Stanley Lord, had seen another ship approaching. It looked about the size of his own, but attempts to contact the ship failed. It lay dark and mysterious about 10 miles away. At 12:40 am there appeared a sudden flash of light just over the mystery ship. Captain Lord, thinking the ship might need help, ordered his officers to signal the ship by lamp. There was no reply. Three more rockets then exploded, none appeared to go higber than halfway up the mast (桅杆) of the mystery ship. Then at about 2:00 am it turned and slipped into the darkness.
In the light of the dawn there was no mystery ship, but 20 miles away was the scene of a great disaster. Unfortunately, the mystery ship had stopped directly in front of the California, preventing people on board from seeing clearly. If this ship had not been there, Captain Lord would have recognized that the rockets were SOS rockets that came not from the mystery ship but from a more distant ship which the California could not see. If Cyril Evans had kept his radio on for just 30 minutes more he would have heard SOS signals coming from that distant ship he spoke with the night before. That ship was the Titanic which was sinking fast, leaving 1,500 of its passengers dead. It was April 14,1912.
19. From whose point of view is the story told?
A. People on the Titanic. B. People at telegraph station.
C. People on Newfoundland. D. People on the California.
20. What is the main function of the last paragraph of this passage?
A. It describes how the Titanic sank.
B. It shows how unlucky the Titanic was.
C. It lists how many people died in the disaster.
D. It indicates that the people on the California were careless.
21. How many ships are mentioned in the passage?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
22. From the passage we know that __________.
A. the rockets were fired from the mystery ship
B. the Titanic sent out many telegrams that night
C. the Titanic started sinking at dawn the next day
D. Cyril Evans went to bed earlier than usual that night
【答案】19. D 20. B 21. C 22. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了California船没能及时判断Titanic的求救信号，最终产生了历史上的重大沉船灾难。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In the radio room, ship California’ operator Cyril Evans listened to the radio-talk between a nearby passenger ship and the telegraph station on the Canadian island of Newfoundland. Evans interrupted it and said, “We’re stopped and surrounded by ice. Be careful as you pass through these waters.” The radio operator on the nearby ship replied, “I’m too busy to talk now. I have many messages to send to the telegraph station.” Twenty minutes later, as he turned off his radio and went to bed, Evans could still hear the ship sending its passengers’ telegrams. (在无线电室里，“加利福尼亚”号的操作员西里尔·埃文斯(Cyril Evans)收听着附近一艘客船与加拿大纽芬兰岛上的电报站之间的无线电通话。埃文斯打断了它，说：“我们被冰包围了。你们经过这水的时候要小心。” 附近船上的无线电报务员回答说：“我现在太忙了，没时间说话。我有许多消息要送到电报站去。”20分钟后，当他关掉收音机上床睡觉时，埃文斯仍然能听到那只船在发送乘客的电报。)”可知这个故事是California船上的人讲的，故选D。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“If Cyril Evans had kept his radio on for just 30 minutes more he would have heard SOS signals coming from that distant ship he spoke with the night before. That ship was the Titanic which was sinking fast, leaving 1,500 of its passengers dead. (如果西里尔·埃文斯(Cyril Evans)的无线电再开30分钟，他就会听到前一天晚上与他通话的那艘遥远的船发出的求救信号。那艘船就是泰坦尼克号，它下沉得很快，造成1500名乘客死亡。)”可知如果西里尔·埃文斯(Cyril Evans)的无线电再开30分钟，坦尼克号可能就不会遭遇不幸，所以这篇文章最后一段主要显示了泰坦尼克号是多么不幸。故选B。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，文章提到了California 和Titanic，以及第三段“Earlier in the evening the California’s captain, Stanley Lord, had seen another ship approaching. (傍晚早些时候，“加利福尼亚”号的船长斯坦利·洛德看到另一艘船驶近。) ”中的神秘船，可知文章中总共提到了三只船，故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The radio operator on the nearby ship replied, “I’m too busy to talk now. I have many messages to send to the telegraph station.” Twenty minutes later, as he turned off his radio and went to bed, Evans could still hear the ship sending its passengers’ telegrams. (附近船上的无线电报务员回答说：“我现在太忙了，没时间说话。我有许多消息要送到电报站去。”20分钟后，当他关掉收音机上床睡觉时，埃文斯仍然能听到那只船在发送乘客的电报。)”和最后一段“If Cyril Evans had kept his radio on for just 30 minutes more he would have heard SOS signals coming from that distant ship he spoke with the night before. (如果西里尔·埃文斯(Cyril Evans)的无线电再开30分钟，他就会听到前一天晚上与他通话的那艘遥远的船发出的求救信号。)”可推断出泰坦尼克号当晚发出了许多电报，故选B。
C
The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the countryside. Before this time health care bad to be paid for by individuals.
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.
Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.
As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals—many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.
During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
23. We can know from the first paragraph that ________.
A. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948
B. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers
C. people didn’t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up
D. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody
24. What do we know about the NHS?
A. It’s managed by the central government.
B. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.
C. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.
D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.
25. What does the underlined word “exempt”(Para. 2) probably mean?
A. suffering B. different C. prevented D. free
26. The biggest problem for the NHS is __________.
A. many hospitals are too old to be used
B some services are in the charge of individuals
C. there is not enough money for further reform
D. more and more patients go to GPs for treatment
【答案】23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一个组织——英国国家卫生服务体系(NHS)及它的职能。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the countryside. Before this time health care bad to be paid for by individuals. (英国国家卫生服务体系(NHS)于1948年设立，目的是向农村的每个人免费提供平等的基本卫生保健。在此之前，医疗保健是由个人支付的。)”可知。1948年以前，病人接受医疗保健是收费的，故选A。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours. (NHS是欧洲最大的雇主，尽管英国在人均医疗保健上的支出实际上低于大多数欧洲邻国。)”可知，NHS雇佣的员工比欧洲其他任何单位都多，故选B。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词的句子“There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment. (处方和牙科护理是收费的，但许多人，如儿童、孕妇、养老金领取者和靠收入支持的人，是exempt付款的。)”可知上下文是转折关系，所以exempt应是免费的，故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from. (应该提供多少资金来支持国民保健服务，以及资金应该从哪里来，这些政治问题仍在继续。)”可知，NHS最大的问题是没有足够的资金进行进一步的改革，故选C。
D
The next big stage, the improvement from automatic to truly autonomous trains, is already here. It will take train autonomy to the next level, beyond the automated performance on closed loops (圈；环) such as automatic rail lines today and onto the vast expanse of international railways.
That will mean that the next generation of trains will be able to locate themselves in their environment and interact with other train traffic without human assistance. They will have the ability to detect and manage on their own all elements of their environment, designed by a connected traffic management system.
The transition toward train autonomy is speeding, says Kai Taylor, Thales Marketing & Communications Director Main Line Rail Signalling, and a reason for that can be summed up in one word: digitalisation.
“The key to success”, says Kai Taylor, “is in fact what is in ‘the Thales DNA’—the digital technologies across Thales business units-aerospace, space, transportation, defence and security”.
“These technologies represent the pieces of the puzzle to achieve real train autonomy. They are artificial intelligence, big data, connectivity, including the internet of things linking trains to intelligent railway switches, and with net security built in. We have sensors for obstacle (障碍) detection from Thales defence, safe and precise satellite positioning from our space and avionics (航空电子设备) division, cybersecurity from the Thales security sector and the trusted explainable and approvable artificial intelligence led by Thales for safe decisions. Taken together, they will provide the train with true autonomy for safe and efficient operations”
Of course, all these technologies are at the base of the Thales ground and air transportation sector’s current offerings for efficient, safe and reliable travel in the air or on the ground.
Kai Taylor explains, “We’re unique in having the experience and the expertise in all aspects of mobility, including Thales global leadership in air and train management systems which are assuring rail and air travel for airlines and rail operators all over the world.”
27. What will truly autonomous trains do?
A. Carry out the automated performance on closed loops.
B. Communicate with other trains with the help of humans.
C. Examine and deal with the situations of the surroundings.
D. Travel automatically with great speeds using solar powers.
28. What does the underlined word “that”in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Their environment. B. The transition’ speeding.
C. Human assistance. D. The ability to locate themselves.
29. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us?
A. How digitalisation works in real train autonomy.
B. What sensors on the autonomous trains deal with.
C. What will guarantee the train’s smooth operations.
D. How obstacles are removed from the paths of trains.
30. What’s Kai Taylor’s attitude towards the future of autonomous trains?
A. Indifferent. B. Concerned. C. Critical. D. Confident.
【答案】27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了列车由自动向自主发展的趋势。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“They will have the ability to detect and manage on their own all elements of their environment, designed by a connected traffic management system. (经关联交通管理系统设计，自主运行列车能够独立检测与处理全部环境因素。)”可知，自主运行列车可以独立检测和处理环境因素。故选C。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。结合指代关系和上文“The transition toward train autonomy is speeding (列车自主化的变革正在加快脚步)”可知，列车自主化的变革速度原因可以用一个词来概括：数字化。此处that指代的是上文提到的“列车自主化的变革速度”。故选B。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全段，结合首句中的“These technologies represent the pieces of the puzzle to achieve real train autonomy. (这些技术代表了实现真正的列车自主的拼图的一部分。)”可知，全段讲述了诸如物联网、障碍物检测传感器、卫星定位、人工智能等数字化技术在自主运行列车上的运用。所以本段告诉我们数字化如何在真正的列车自动驾驶中发挥作用。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段讲述了凯·泰勒对自主运行列车的看法，其中由“We’re unique in having the experience and the expertise in all aspects of mobility (我们在各方面的流动性具有独到的经验与专业知识)”可知，凯·泰勒表示他们具备独一无二的经验与专业知识，说明他对自主运行列车是非常有信心的。故选D。
III.阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Have you ever had the pleasure of popping the small air-filled bubbles that make up a sheet of bubble wrap? ____31____ Have you ever wondered why popping them is so much fun?
It turns out that there is some science behind the human connection to bubble wrap. Some experts believe it’s similar to the need to fidget (动来动去). ____32____ These small actions are all types of fidgeting.
While some people think fidgeting is distracting, it’s actually been shown to increase attention span. ____33____ Similarly, a study revealed that people report feeling more alert after popping bubble wrap. The results also showed that people who popped bubble wrap were calmer afterward than those who did not. So, popping bubble wrap may increase people’s ability to pay attention and remember what they learn.
____34____ In other words, your brain is wired to enjoy it! Early humans had to be on their toes all the time. They needed to be ready to run from wild animals at a moment’s notice. Today, people spend a lot of time sitting, especially at school and at work. As a result, the body may build a lot of muscle tension from lack of movement. Popping bubble wrap helps relax that muscle tension. It reduces stress and anxiety.
In fact, studies have shown that, sometimes, the human brain receives feel-good chemicals like dopamine (多巴胺) after popping bubble wrap. ____35____
A. So that may be why it feels so satisfying!
B. It also helps with the memory of information.
C Your brain will benefit a lot from the air-filled bubbles.
D. If so, you know there’s something highly satisfying about it.
E. Have you ever seen someone else blowing the small bubbles?
F Do you click a pen or bounce your leg while you’re listening?
G. Experts also say the enjoyment may be tied to human evolution.
【答案】31. D 32. F 33. B 34. G 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。很多人都有过把气泡纸上充满空气的小气泡弄破的乐趣，文章介绍了产生这个乐趣的原因。
【31题详解】
根据上文的问题“Have you ever had the pleasure of popping the small air-filled bubbles that make up a sheet of bubble wrap?(你曾经有过把气泡纸上充满空气的小气泡弄破的乐趣吗？)”可知，开头使用问句是为了引出下文，选项D“如果是这样的话，你就知道它有一些非常令人满意的地方。”中的if so是对该问题的回答，同时衔接了下文“Have you ever wondered why popping them is so much fun?(你有没有想过为什么捏它们这么有趣？)”故选D。
【32题详解】
根据下文“These small actions are all types of fidgeting.(这些小动作都是坐立不安的表现)”可知，选项F“当你在听的时候，你会按笔或跳腿吗？”中的按笔或跳腿就是these指代的动作，承接了上文的“动来动去”。故选F。
【33题详解】
根据上文“While some people think fidgeting is distracting, it’s actually been shown to increase attention span.(虽然有些人认为坐立不安会分散注意力，但事实证明它能延长注意力持续时间)”可知，动来动去能延长注意力持续时间。结合下文“So, popping bubble wrap may increase people’s ability to pay attention and remember what they learn.(所以，捏爆气泡纸可以提高人们的注意力和记忆能力)”可知，捏气泡是对记忆有帮助的，因此选项B“它还有助于记忆信息。”衔接上下文，尤其是顺承了空后的similarly。故选B。
【34题详解】
根据空后的“In other words, your brain is wired to enjoy it! Early humans had to be on their toes all the time.(换句话说，你的大脑正在兴奋地享受它！早期的人类必须时刻保持警觉)”及本段的内容可知，本段主要是关于人类大脑的进化，对古代与现代人类进行了比较。因此，选项G“专家还表示，这种享受可能与人类的进化有关。”是本段的中心句。故选G。
【35题详解】
根据空前的“In fact, studies have shown that, sometimes, the human brain receives feel-good chemicals like dopamine (多巴胺) after popping bubble wrap.(事实上，研究表明，有时，人类的大脑会在捏爆泡泡纸后接收到多巴胺等让人感觉良好的化学物质)”可知，上文主要解释了捏气泡为何让人满足的原因是它会产生让人良好的化学物质。因此，选项A“这也许就是为什么它让人如此满足的原因！”总结了上文内容。故选A。
IV.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
Although I enjoyed my new life and the time it freed up, there always seemed to be something missing. I thought it was a result of going from a high-activity career to a life of ____36____. The retirement honeymoon lasted for one whole enjoyable year. Golf took up most of my summer, curling (冰壶) in the winter, and hiking ____37____ the times between. At the end of that first year. I was asked by a friend to help out at a local food bank that ____38____ a winter soup kitchen. Initially, my responsibility was not too ____39____. It started out to be only one day a week and took just two hours of my time. The task involved going to the local food bank, ____40____ my car with pre-sclected food items, and driving them to the kitchen in ____41____ for the weekend. Within a few weeks. I was also helping to sort out the food I was bringing to the charity organization. This soon ____42____ into preparing the cookers and dishes for the weekend event. My duties were ____43____ from one week to the next, which kept things interesting. Sometimes, I would help serve meals; other days, I would fill in for sandwich makers who hadn’t ____44____ for their shifts.
People who came for the free meals were diverse. Some were homeless, and others were individuals who had fallen on hard times. The common thing uniting all the guests was their ____45____ toward the volunteers. Most diners would thank the people from whom they had received help. That was a wonderful reward for our efforts. Another wonderful thing was that the food was given ____46____. There was never any expectation to gain public ____47____ for their donations; they just did it.
Gradually, my volunteering ____48____ have now grown to include two days at the food bank plus the weekend. Although it cost much more time than I first began this volunteering task, I found my time volunteering ____49____. I can safely say that I get much more ____50____ out of this type of activity than I ever managed to get from any round of golf or game of curling.
36. A. depression B. leisure C. meaning D. enjoyment
37. A. shared B. cost C. connected D. filled
38. A. spread B. charged C. ran D. expected
39. A. energy-efficient B. time- consuming C. heart-warming D. labor-saving
40. A. finding B. charging C. loading D. fixing
41. A. demand B. exchange C. expectation D. preparation
42. A. followed B. improved C. expanded D. continued
43. A. different B. creative C. normal D. consistent
44. A. turned up B. turned down C. turned around D. turned in
45. A. generosity B. gratitude C. guilt D. greeting
46. A. randomly B. particularly C. selflessly D. regularly
47. A. promotion B. awareness C. interest D. recognition
48. A. duties B. interests C. challenges D. concerns
49. A. necessary B. worthwhile C. practical D. meaningless
50. A. popularity B. admiration C. confidence D. satisfaction
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在退休第一年，很享受生活中的闲暇时间，包括打高尔夫、玩冰壶和徒步，但却总感觉生活缺少点儿什么，直到被朋友邀请去食品银行做志愿者，作者才感觉到时间过得是值得的，也收获了更多的满足感。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这是由高强度工作转向休闲生活的结果。A. depression沮丧；B. leisure休闲，闲暇；C. meaning意义；D. enjoyment愉快，快乐。根据上文的“Although I enjoyed my new life and the time it freed up(虽然我很享受我的新生活和它释放出来的时间)”可知，作者现在享受着生活中空出来的时间，说明生活是悠闲的。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天的大部分时间都在打高尔夫球，冬天则是玩冰壶，两者之间的时间则是徒步旅行。A. shared分享；B. cost花费；C. connected连接；D. filled充满。分析句子结构可知，空格处应与此句中的took up“占据”为同义词，fill“充满，占据（时间）”符合题意。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友让我去当地一家食品银行帮忙，那里有一个冬季流动厨房。A. spread传播；B. charged要价，指控；C. ran经营，管理；D. expected期望。结合语境可知，流动厨房是由食品银行所经营的。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，我的职责并不太耗时。A. energy-efficient高效节能的；B. time- consuming耗费时间的；C. heart-warming温暖人心的；D. labor-saving节省劳力的。根据下文“It started out to be only one day a week and took just two hours of my time.(一开始我一周只做一天，只花了我两个小时的时间)”可知，刚开始只花费作者一周一天两个小时的时间，所以是不耗时的。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项任务包括去当地的食物银行，把预先挑选好的食物装上车，然后开车把它们送到厨房，为周末做准备。A. finding找到；B. charging要价，控告；C. loading装载，装上；D. fixing固定，修理。根据该句中的“driving them to the kitchen”可知，作者要开车把食物送到厨房，所以要先把食物装到车上，load…with…意为“把……装上……”，符合题意。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. demand需要；B. exchange交换；C. expectation期待；D. preparation准备。根据“driving them to the kitchen”可知，把食物送到厨房是留作周末备用，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这很快扩展到为周末活动准备炊具和餐具。A. followed跟随；B. improved提高，改善；C. expanded扩展，扩大；D. continued继续。上文提到作者的职责是挑选食物并送到厨房，结合该句提到的准备炊具和餐具可知，作者的任务范围在不断地扩大。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的职责每周都不一样，这让事情变得有趣起来。A. different不同的；B. creative有创意的；C. normal正式的；D. consistent一致的。根据下文的“Sometimes, I would help serve meals; other days, I would fill in for sandwich makers”可知，作者有时候帮忙上菜，有时候代替做三明治的人，所以工作内容是不同的。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我来顶替没来上班的三明治师傅。A. turned up出现；B. turned down拒绝，调低；C. turned around转身；D. turned in上床睡觉，交给。根据“I would fill in for sandwich makers”可知，作者顶替做三明治的人，说明他们没来上班，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有客人的共同点是对志愿者的感激之情。A. generosity慷慨；B. gratitude感恩；C. guilt内疚；D. greeting问候。根据下文“Most diners would thank the people from whom they had received help.”可知，大多数来用餐的人会对给他们帮助的人表示感谢，所以客人的共同点是会感激志愿者。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一件美妙的事情是食物是无私的。A. randomly随意地；B. particularly特别地，尤其；C. selflessly无私地；D. regularly定期地。根据本段首句“People who came for the free meals were diverse.(来免费用餐的人各不相同)”可知，这里的食物是免费的，所以这种给予的行为是非常无私的。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们从来没有期望自己的捐款能得到公众的认可；他们就这么做了。A. promotion推广，晋升；B. awareness意识；C. interest兴趣；D. recognition认可。根据上文内容可知，食物是被无私给予的，所以他们并没有期待得到公众的认可。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我的志愿服务职责已经扩大到包括在食品银行工作两天加上周末。A. duties职责，责任；B. interests兴趣；C. challenges挑战；D. concerns关心，担心。根据上文“Initially, my responsibility was...”中的Initially与此句的Gradually可知，这是在描述作者做志愿者的过程，所以此题空格处应与responsibility“责任”为同义词，在讲述作者在做志愿者过程中职责的变化。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这比我第一次做志愿者花费了更多的时间，但我发现我的时间是值得的。A. necessary必需的；B. worthwhile值得的；C. practical实际的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据Although表达的让步语气和下文的“I can safely say that I get much more ___15___ out of this type of activity”可知，作者从这种活动中收获得更多，所以就算是花更多的时间也是值得的。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以肯定地说，我从这种活动中得到的满足感比我从任何一轮高尔夫球或冰壶比赛中得到的满足感都要大得多。A. popularity流行；B. admiration羡慕，欣赏；C. confidence信心；D. satisfaction满足，满意。上文提到作志愿者工作很值得，故此处指从这些活动中得到更多满足感，故选D。
V.语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)
语法填空
China’s biang biang noodles are taking the world by storm, yet the dish’s name doesn’t ____51____ (official) exist. Here in Xi’ an, the capital of China’s Shaanxi province and one of the country’s oldest cities, the craft of noodle-pulling is so twisted together with the blowing sound ____52____ the noise ended up inspiring this dish’s curious name: biang biang noodles. The onomatopoeic (拟声的) “biang” character ____53____(mean) to imitate (模仿) the sound of flour mixed with water hitting a counter. It is also ____54____(complex) to write than any character in the Chinese language.
In the past centuries, Shaanxi’s biang biang noodles were no more than ____55____ common local dish. Compared to other ____56____(variety) of noodles from north-west China, biang biang were less known outside of Xi’an, ____57____ they were a comforting and beloved food among locals, for ____58____ the back story and written “biang” character were common knowledge. In recent years, biang biang noodles and its associated custom have become more widely known across China, ____59____ (drive) partly by social media interest in the made-up biang character. Now, the dish is passing through land and sea from its simple beginnings ____60____ the hearts and mouths of diners the world over — a breakthrough that many people haven’t expected to be so delightful.
【答案】51. officially
52. that 53. is meant
54. more complex
55. a 56. varieties
57. but 58. whom
59. driven 60. to
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲了陕西的美食——biangbiang面的起源及发展。
【51题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国的biangbiang面风靡世界，但是这道菜的名字并不正式存在。修饰动词exist应用副词officially，officially意为“正式地”，故填officially。
52题详解】
考查结果状语从句。句意：在中国陕西省省会西安——中国最古老的城市之一，拉面被摔打，然后如此地缠来缠去，以至于拉面摔打产生的噪声最终激发人们，给这道菜起了一个奇特名字：biangbiang面。此处是“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”，故填that。
【53题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：拟声词“biang”意在模仿面粉和水混合撞击面板而产生的声音。主语 “biang” character和动词mean之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，be动词用is，故填is meant。
【54题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：它的书写也比中文里的任何一个字都要复杂。由后面的than可知，此处应用形容词complex的比较级more complex，故填more complex。
【55题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在过去的几个世纪里，陕西的biangbiang面只不过是一道普通的地方菜。空后的名词dish“菜肴”是可数名词，且此处泛指“一道菜”，所以应用不定冠词，故填a。
【56题详解】
考查名词单复数。句意：与其他中国西北面条种类相比，biangbiang面在西安以外的地方鲜为人知，但它们在当地人心目中是一种令人欣慰且备受喜爱的美食，对他们来说，biangbiang面背后的故事和汉字的书写都是常识。variety“种类”是可数名词，且由前面的other可知，此处表示“其他的面条种类”，不只一种，应用复数形式varieties，varieties of各种各样的，故填varieties。
【57题详解】
考查连词。句意同上。空前句子“biang biang were less known outside of Xi’an(biangbiang面在西安以外的地方鲜为人知)”和空后句子“they were a comforting and beloved food among locals(它们在当地人心目中是一种令人欣慰且备受喜爱的美食)”是转折关系，应用表示转折关系的连词but，故填but。
【58题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是locals，指人，关系词在从句中作介词for的宾语，应用关系代词whom，故填whom。
【59题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：近年来，biangbiang面及其相关习俗在中国越来越广为人知，部分原因是社交媒体对杜撰的biang字感兴趣。动词drive的逻辑主语是前面的整个句子，两者之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填driven。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：现在，这道菜正从它刚开始的普普通通到现在传递到世界各地食客的心中和口中——这是一个很多人都没有预料到且令人愉快的一个重大突破。此处指“传递到世界各地食客的心中和口中”，用动词短语pass to，故填to。
VI.单词拼写(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分。根据提示用B3U1—B3U3单词适当形式填空)
61. An amateur hatmaker has won a ________(奖学金) to pursue her dreams of developing her own business.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】scholarship
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一位业余制帽匠赢得了一笔奖学金，来实现她扩展自己企业的梦想。根据汉语提示可知，scholarship奖学金，可数名词，由a可知应用单数形式，在句中作宾语，故填scholarship。
62. In a good________ (婚姻)，both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】marriage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在美满的婚姻中，夫妻双方都努力解决出现的任何问题。good为形容词，后接名词形式，根据前面不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填marriage。
63. More than 20,000 people also died in Britain from the ________(有毒的) ash cloud. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】poisonous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：英国也有2万多人死于有毒的火山灰云。根据汉语提示可知，poisonous有毒的，形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词短语ash cloud，故填poisonous。
64. It is the responsibility of every government to uphold a set of ________(原则). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】principles
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：坚持一套原则是每个政府的责任。a set of一套，后接可数名词的复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填principles。
65. Her proposal met with ________(拒绝) from even those closest to her. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】rejection
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她的提议甚至遭到了最亲近的人的拒绝。介词with后接名词作宾语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填rejection。
66. He was faced with the ________(a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives) of whether or not to return to his country.(根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】dilemma
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他面临着一个两难的境地（你必须在两种或更多的选择中做出选择）。设空处为名词作宾语，根据括号的英文解释可知是两难的境地，故填dilemma。
67. Some of his former ________(the person you work with) have been charged with fraud. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】colleagues
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的一些前同事被指控犯有欺诈罪。根据英文提示“the person you work with(和你一起工作的人)”可知，colleague同事，可数名词，由“Some of”可知应用名词复数形式，在句中作主语，故填colleagues。
68. He was having to ________(say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your throat) in order to avoid being overheard by their nosy neighbours. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】whisper
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他不得不低声说话，以免被爱管闲事的邻居听到。have to do sth.不得不做某事。根据英文提示“say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your throat(轻轻地说些什么，用你的气息而不是喉咙)”可知，用动词whisper。根据英文提示及句意，故填whisper。
69. The findings are published in the ________(a magazine, especially one that deals with a specialized subject) Nature Geoscience. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】journal
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：研究结果发表在《自然地球科学》杂志上。根据英文提示可知应填名词journal，作宾语。此处为特指应用单数。故填journal。
70. These countries have been hit particularly hard by the ________(connected with money) crisis and many are in no shape to withstand it. (根据英文提示单词拼写)
【答案】financial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些国家在金融危机中受到的打击尤其严重，许多国家都无法承受。结合句意和英文提示可知，应使用形容词financial作定语，修饰名词crisis，其意为“金融的”。故填financial。
71. He studied hard in the hope of being a________ into an engineering college.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】admitted##dmitted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他努力学习，希望能被一所工程大学录取。结合句意及首字母提示可知，admit准许……进入，动词，结合空前的being可知，此处是动名词的被动式，空处用过去分词，故填admitted。
72. Thieves are less choosy these days, with their targets r________ widely from cell phones to sunglasses. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】ranging##anging
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：如今的小偷似乎没那么挑剔了，他们的目标范围很广，从手机到太阳镜。根据句意及首字母提示可知，range（在一定范围内）变化，变动，动词；此处是with的复合结构，动词range和宾语targets之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补，故填ranging。
73. In December 1904 she was a________ chief assistant in the laboratory directed by Pierre Curie. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】appointed##ppointed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：1904年12月，她被任命为皮埃尔·居里领导的实验室的首席助理。根据句意和首字母可知，动词appoint符合题意，且和空后的chief assistant之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式与was构成一般过去时的被动。故填appointed。
74. In desperation, Mrs. Jones had an o________ on her right knee to relieve the pain. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】operation##peration
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：无奈之下，琼斯太太在右膝上做了手术以减轻疼痛。根据句意及首字母提示可知，operation手术，可数名词，由an可知应用单数形式，在句中作宾语，故填operation。
75. I bought the ring as a s________ of Greece so that I could recall memories of the past vacation(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】souvenir##ouvenir
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我买了这枚戒指作为希腊的纪念品，这样我就可以回忆过去的假期了。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填souvenir。
VII.完成句子(共10小题;每题1分，满分10分。请用B3U1—B3U3所学词组填空)
76. In Finland, the schools almost ________ (与...毫无共同点) the classrooms of Korea.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】have nothing in common with
【解析】
【详解】考查一般现在时和固定搭配。句意：芬兰的学校与韩国的教室几乎没有任何共同之处。“与...毫无共同点”的英文表达是have nothing in common with，为固定搭配；该句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且句子主语是名词复数schools，所以谓语动词也用复数形式。故填have nothing in common with。
77. I ________ (容易/往往会) talk too much when I’m nervous. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】have a tendency to##tend to
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我一紧张就容易说得太多。根据汉语提示可知，have a tendency to/tend to容易，往往会，固定短语，结合时间状语从句“when I’m nervous”可知句子应用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形，故填have a tendency to/tend to。
78. ________ (没有什么比……更珍贵) peace in the world. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】Nothing is more precious than
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：没有什么比世界和平更珍贵。“没有什么”使用不定代词nothing，在句中作主语，“珍贵”使用形容词precious作表语，比较级形式为more precious，句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，不定代词nothing作主语，be动词用is，故填Nothing is more precious than。
79. For some reason, however, he returned home ________ (绝望地) that night. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】in despair
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：然而，由于某种原因，那天晚上他绝望地回到了家。根据汉语提示可知，in despair绝望地，在句中作状语，故填in despair。
80. ________ (从来没有想到) his parents that he should make such great progress in math. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】It never occurs to##It never occurred to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：他的父母从来没有想到他会在数学上取得这么大的进步。It occurs/occurred to sb. that...某人突然想到……。陈述现在或过去事情，用一般现在时或一般过去时。根据汉语提示及句意，故填It never occurs/occurred to。
81. Most graduates don’t ________ (谋生) by themselves but depend on their parents. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】earn a living##ear their living##make a living##make their living
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：大多数毕业生并不是靠自己谋生，而是依靠父母谋生。短语earn/make a (one’s) living，意为“谋生”，主语是most graduates，形容词性物主代词用their，故填earn/make a (their) living。
82. It is reported that the journalist had ________ (死里逃生) at the accident spot. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】a narrow escape
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：据报道，记者在事故现场死里逃生。a narrow escape死里逃生。根据句意，故填a narrow escape。
83. Fruit juices can ________ (对...有害) children’s teeth. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】be harmful to##do harm to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：果汁可能会对儿童的牙齿有害。短语be harmful to/do harm to，意为“对……有害”，符合句意，接在情态动词后，应用动词原形，故填be harmful to/do harm to。
84. Larry had a sense of humor which ________ (带他渡过) hard time and will be missed by many people. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】carried him through
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：Larry有一种幽默感，这种幽默感带他度过了困难时期，许多人将会怀念。根据汉语提示可知，carry sb through帮助某人度过难关，根据主句中的had可知句子用一般过去时，故填carried him through。
85. The moment he got into the car, he ________ (迫不及待分享) the news with me. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】couldn’t wait to share
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时态和固定搭配。句意：他一上车，就迫不及待地要和我分享这个消息。该句是复合句，含名词词组The moment引导的时间状语从句，The moment相当于as soon as；固定搭配：can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”；该从句是一般过去时，则主句也用一般过去时，所以“迫不及待分享”的英文表达是couldn’t wait to share。故答案为couldn’t wait to share。
VIII.书面表达(共1小题，满分15分，另计卷面分5分)
86. 假如你是李华，你的外国笔友Tom对中国寓言很感兴趣，想了解更多故事。请写一封回信：
(1)介绍《守株待兔》——The Farmer and the Hare
兔子意外撞到树上死了，农夫吃了一顿大餐。他想到自己的运气好，不需要劳作了。农夫开始守株待兔，然而，没有野兔再来，他也根本没有收成。
(2)介绍这则故事的寓意：不要期待幸运降临，没有不劳而获。
[写作要求]1.词数150左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Leaning that you are fascinated by Chinese fables recently, I am more than delighted to introduce one to you—The Farmer and the Hare.
It is a well-known Chinese fable that tells the story of a farmer, who was working in his field when a hare ran past, crashed into the tree and fell dead, with its neck broken. That night, he had a feast on the hare. Delighted and joyful, he could not help thinking how lucky he was and that he didn’t need to work anymore. From then on, he just waited for another one to bump against the trunk. No more hares, however, turned up. Days passing by, it was time for harvest but he had no crop to gather at all. The fable is a vivid example of the universal law that there is no shortcut and we can’t rely on luck to get what we want. Instead, as the saying goes, no pain, no gain.
Hopefully you find this moral story interesting and inspiring. If you still want to know more, feel free to let me know.(182)
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国笔友Tom写一封回信，向他介绍中国寓言故事《守株待兔》。
【详解】1.词汇积累
著名的：well-known →famous
高兴的：delighted → happy/glad
依靠：rely on →depend on
收获：crop→ harvest
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Days passing by, it was time for harvest but he had no crop to gather at all.
拓展句：As the days passed by, it was time for harvest but he had no crop to gather at all.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It is a well-known Chinese fable that tells the story of a farmer, who was working in his field when a hare ran past, crashed into the tree and fell dead, with its neck broken.（运用了that引导的主语从句和who引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】The fable is a vivid example of the universal law that there is no shortcut and we can’t rely on luck to get what we want.（运用了that引导的同位语从句和what引导的宾语从句）