北京市丰台区2023届高三英语二模试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市丰台区2023届高三英语二模试题（Word版附解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

北京市丰台区2022-2023学年度第二学期综合练习(二)
高三英语
本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
笔试(共三部分 100分)
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Dave King is in his second winter of snowplowing (铲雪) people’s driveways for free.
April Frazier is one person who has benefited from King’s kindness. She is a single mother. After one storm last year, she was busy looking after her kids and just knew she was not going to be able to get out there and___1___the snow.
Frazier saw a post online in which King invited people to contact him if they needed help with that day’s storm. She___2___to him and offered to pay him, but he refused.
Frazier was grateful — and has been___3___to see, with every storm since, King has reported to her house and plowed her driveway, never___4___a penny (一分钱). Now he also plows her parents’ driveway for free. And one time, he___5___plowed her parents’ neighbors’ driveways without anyone asking him. “He is loyal and___6___,” said Frazier.
King got the idea when he overheard a neighbor complaining she was having difficulty with the snow in her driveway. It occurred to King that he could plow the driveways of people in need for free.
King went online and invited anyone who needed their driveways plowed to get in touch with him. People were___7___at first, as though he had some kind of dishonest plan going. But they were quick to find out he was___8___and started taking him up on his offer.
King hopes to___9___this kindness and generosity and set up a whole network of volunteers to help people in need.
“King is making a positive difference in the community,” Frazier said. “He is an unsung hero for this town. He inspires hope in____10____.”
1. A. feel B. remove C. collect D. appreciate
2. A. reached out B. looked up C. held on D. gave in
3. A. proud B. anxious C. puzzled D. surprised
4. A. spotting B. costing C. expecting D. rejecting
5. A. even B. almost C. still D. rather
6. A. humorous B. committed C. optimistic D. imaginative
7. A. bored B. disappointed C. cautious D. frightened
8. A. genuine B. popular C. courageous D. wise
9. A. receive B. expand C. keep D. practice
10. A. creativity B. honesty C. confidence D. humanity
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Dave King帮人免费铲雪的善举。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年一场暴风雪过后，她忙着照顾孩子，才知道自己没办法出去铲雪了。A. feel感觉；B. remove去除；C. collect收集；D. appreciate感激。根据上文“After one storm”可知，她忙着照顾孩子，才知道自己没办法出去铲雪了，空格处意为“去除”。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她主动联系他，提出付钱给他，但他拒绝了。A. reached out伸出；B. looked up查询；C. held on不挂断电话；D. gave in屈服。根据上文“King invited people to contact him if they needed help with that day’s storm”可知，她主动联系他，提出付钱给他，reach out to sb.意为“联系某人”。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Frazier很感激，也很惊讶地发现，自从King到她家并在车道上铲雪以来，每次暴风雪都没有要求得到一分钱。A. proud骄傲的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据下文“with every storm since, King has reported to her house and plowed her driveway, never__4___a penny”可知，她很惊讶地发现，自从King到她家报到并在车道上铲雪以来，每次暴风雪都没有指望得到一分钱。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Frazier很感激，也很惊讶地发现，自从King到她家并在车道上铲雪以来，每次暴风雪都没有要求得到一分钱。A. spotting发现；B. costing需花费；C. expecting要求；D. rejecting拒绝。根据上文“Dave King is in his second winter of snowplowing (铲雪) people’s driveways for free”可知，King帮人铲雪不要一分钱。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一次，他甚至在没有人要求的情况下，把她父母邻居的车道的雪铲了。A. even甚至；B. almost几乎；C. still仍然；D. rather相当。根据下文“without anyone asking him”可知，他甚至在没有人要求的情况下，把她父母邻居的车道的雪除了。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“他很忠诚，”Frazier说。A. humorous幽默的；B. committed忠诚的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. imaginative富有想象力的。根据上文“He is loyal and”可知，他很忠诚。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始人们都很谨慎，好像他有什么不诚实的计划。A. bored无聊的；B. disappointed失望的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. frightened害怕的。根据下文“as though he had some kind of dishonest plan going”可知，一开始人们都很谨慎。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们很快就发现他是真诚的，并开始接受他的提议。A. genuine真诚的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. wise明智的。根据下文“started taking him up on his offer”可知，他们很快就发现他是真诚的。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：King希望扩大这种善良和慷慨，并建立一个完整的志愿者网络来帮助有需要的人。A. receive收到；B. expand扩大；C. keep保持；D. practice练习。根据下文“set up a whole network of volunteers to help people in need”可知，King希望扩大这种善良和慷慨。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他激发了对人性希望。A. creativity创造力；B. honesty诚实；C. confidence自信；D. humanity人性。根据上文“King hopes to___9__this kindness and generosity”可知，他激发了对人性的希望。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The skin of a small fish from Thailand is almost completely clear. As it swims, its muscles move,____11____(result) in reflections of many colors. After shining different kinds of light and lasers onto the fish in a laboratory, researchers made a____12____ (discover) that the small structures in its muscles are what turns light into rainbow colors. Other creatures can also create the rainbow effect when colors change. Usually, they have outer surfaces____13____reflect the light, like a butterfly’s wings.
【答案】11. resulting
12. discovery
13. that##which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是泰国的一种几乎完全透明的鱼。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当它游泳时，它的肌肉会运动，从而反射出许多颜色。句中谓语是move，空格处用非谓语动词，用现在分词表结果，故填resulting。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：在实验室里，研究人员将不同种类的光和激光照射到鱼身上后，发现它肌肉中的小结构是将光变成彩虹色的原因。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，根据语境和句意可知，此处意为“发现”，名词是discovery。故填discovery。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：通常，它们有反射光线的外表面，就像蝴蝶的翅膀。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词surfaces是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
With exciting moves, fantastic music and competitors using cool names, breaking is a sport like no other. Also____14____(know) as breakdancing, it will become one of the Olympic sports____15____the Games are held in 2024. It is not yet known how the 2024 Olympic contest____16____(arrange). It is likely that there will be separate female and male battles, and possibly mixed-doubles events with both men and women.
【答案】14. known
15. when 16. will be arranged
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。霹雳舞将成为2024年奥运会的比赛项目，并且很可能会有男女分开的比赛，也可能有男女混双比赛。
【14题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：它也被称为霹雳舞，将在2024年奥运会举行时成为奥运会项目之一。根据句意和所给动词know可知，空格处应该填入know的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词know和句子的主语it之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词known作状语。故填known。
【15题详解】
考查连词。句意：它也被称为霹雳舞，将在2024年奥运会举行时成为奥运会项目之一。根据句意及所给句子可知，空格后的部分是一个时间状语从句，所以空格处引导时间状语从句，且意义为“在……时候”，所以应该用when。故填when。
【16题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：目前还不知道2024年奥运会的比赛将如何安排。根据句意和所给动词arrange可知，空格处是主语从句的谓语部分，从句的主语the 2024 Olympic contest和动词arrange之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；由句中的in 2024可知，句子应该用一般将来时。故填will be arranged。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As one of China’s ten____17____(famous) teas, Longjing tea is characterized by its green color, delicate smell, rich taste and beautiful shape. The beautiful forms of a bud (嫩芽)____18____one leaf or two leaves are acknowledged as quality tea. The picking work of such tea leaves demands a high accuracy and____19____(depend) largely on hand labor. To improve efficiency, a tea-picking robot was made and it is in trial operation now. It can position____20____ the target bud and leaf are and cut them precisely.
【答案】17. most famous
18. with 19. depends
20. where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国十大名茶之一的龙井茶的特点，以及为了提高采茶效率而制作的采茶机器人的情况。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：龙井茶是中国十大名茶之一。分析句子成分可知，空格处应填一个形容词作定语修饰tea。根据提示词famous可知它已经是一个形容词，就要考虑形容词的比较级或最高级，根据句意可知是十大最著名的茶。要用形容词的最高级。故填most famous。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：带有一片或两片叶子的美丽嫩芽被公认为优质茶叶。空格处是无提示，根据one leaf or two leaves可知是用名词描述a bud的特点。所以可以推理出空格处要填一个介词。根据句意，是带有或具有的意思。故填with。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：这种茶叶的采摘工作要求高精度，并且在很大程度上依赖手工劳动。根据句中的and可知，括号里的动词和前面的demands是并列关系，所以空格处也是一般现在时，故填depends。
【20题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：它可以定位目标芽和叶子的位置，并精确地采摘它们。分析句子成分可知，it是主语，can position and cut 是并列的谓语动词，“the target bud and leaf are”是一个宾语从句做position的宾语，根据句意可知“定位位置在什么地方”。故填where。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!
Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!
Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.
Fortunately, I discovered medical writing. I learned that it was about writing scientific documents. And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end of the year, I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.
Today, we’ve observed more medical writers are wanted. So, in collaboration with some colleagues, we’ve prepared the most important lessons to help you become a competent medical writer: (By Alex)
The Complete Medical Writing Training
This online course is perfect for people with a life science degree. Here’s the full course outline.
Week 1 The scientific writing process
Introduction to medical writing: Learn about medical writing and decide your path The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps Researching to write: Find reliable sources easily to inform your medical writing and identify brilliant ideas from the literature
Week 2 Writing effectively
Outlining to write: The simplest strategy to structure any document perfectly for easier writing and better flow
Referencing: Learn when to cite and how to use common referencing styles and automate your referencing using online tools
Week 3 Other essentials
Scientific research: Update yourself on various clinical research approaches, designs and methods for better medical writing output
Essential biostatistics: How to use common statistical terms from the medical literature correctly in your writing
Week 4 Writing assignments
There are 8 marked writing assignments with feedback to help you improve your writing.
21. Why did Alex start medical writing?
A. To improve medical skills. B. To have more leisure time.
C. To get out of financial trouble. D. To prepare for the writing training.
22. What will people learn by attending the courses?
A. The ways of evaluating the assignments.
B. The steps of writing a scientific document.
C. The skills in using online writing correction tools.
D. The strategies for structuring medical knowledge.
23. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To attract people to the training course.
B. To share the content of the writing course.
C. To introduce the benefits of medical writing.
D. To emphasize the importance of medical writing.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是帮助读者成为医学作家的课程。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据正文第一段的“Three years ago, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I could pay my bills alright, but that was all I could do. I couldn’t even afford a family holiday.(三年前，我组建了家庭，从那时起我就经历了经济压力。我可以支付我的账单，但这是我所能做的。我甚至负担不起一次家庭度假。)”和第二段的“And I felt I had the necessary skills to start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end of the year; I had my first contract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.(我觉得我有必要的技能开始医学写作作为副业。到年底，我的第一份合同是自由医学作家。我觉得经济上和事业上都很安全。)”可知，Alex开始医学写作是为了摆脱财政困境。故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Week 1 The scientific writing process部分的“The writing process: How to write the scientific document in four simple steps(写作过程:如何用四个简单的步骤来写科学论文)”可知，通过参加这些课程，人们能学到撰写科学文献的步骤。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据标题“Become a Competent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!Hurry! This offer ends soon! Claim your spot TODAY!(在4周内成为一名称职的医学作家！快点！优惠马上结束！今天就获得你的学位！)”可知，本文是一篇广告，旨在宣传帮助读者成为医学作家的课程，因此本文的目的是吸引人们参加培训课程，故选A。
B
When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.
I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches. It was a long way up, but I thought I’d give it a shot. I started climbing. Then I looked down. And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.
When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.
Then I began to notice how wonderful the breeze smelled. It seemed like sunshine and wild grass and rain! I couldn’t stop breathing it in, filling my lungs again and again with the sweetest smell I’d ever known.
I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.
It wasn’t long before I wasn’t afraid of being up so high and found the spot that became my spot. I could sit there for hours, just looking out at the world. Sunsets were amazing. Some days they’d be purple and pink, some days they’d be a blazing orange, setting fire to clouds across the horizon.
It was on a day like that when my father’s notion (观念) moved from my head to my heart. The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.
And I started marveling (惊奇) at how I was feeling both humble and majestic. How was that possible? How could I be so full of peace and full of wonder?
It was magic.
24. Why did the author climb up the sycamore tree?
A. To play in the tree. B. To get a trapped kite.
C. To prove her courage. D. To practice climbing skills.
25. The author’s climbing experience was .
A. unusual but painful B. competitive and imaginative
C. adventurous but rewarding D. well-planned and interesting
26. Why did the author like being up high in the tree?
A. Because the tree had the sweetest smell.
B. Because it could help her to concentrate.
C. Because her father encouraged her to do so.
D. Because she could enjoy more than good views.
27. What message does the author want to convey?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. Positive action leads to happiness.
C. Beautiful things don’t ask for attention.
D. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过爬到树上看到从来没有欣赏过的景色的经历明白了爸爸说过的整体大于各部分的总和的道理。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“I understood what he was saying, but I’ve never felt what he was saying until one day when I was up in the sycamore tree to rescue a kite stuck in the branches.(我明白他在说什么，但我从来没有感受过他说的，直到有一天，我爬上梧桐树去救一个卡在树枝上的风筝)”可知，作者爬上一棵梧桐树去取一只被困住的风筝。故选B。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“When I had the kite free, I needed a minute to rest. That’s when the fear of being up so high began to lift, and in its place came the most amazing feeling that I was flying. Just soaring above the earth, sailing among the clouds.(当我放开风筝的时候，我需要休息一分钟。就在这时，对飞得这么高的恐惧开始消失，取而代之的是一种最奇妙的感觉，那就是我在飞翔。在大地之上翱翔，在云中航行)”和第二段最后四句“And suddenly I got dizzy and weak. I was miles off the ground! But the kite was still beyond my reach. I caught my breath and forced myself to concentrate on the kite as I climbed up.(突然间，我感到头晕和虚弱。我离地好几英里了！但是风筝还是够不着。我屏住呼吸，强迫自己集中精力在风筝上)”可推知，作者的登山经历惊险而有益。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“I never got over the view. I kept thinking of what it felt like to be up so high in that tree. I wanted to see it, to feel it, again. And again.(我从来没有欣赏过这里的景色。我一直在想站在那么高的树上是什么感觉。我想再次看到它，感受它。一次又一次)”和第七段最后一句“The view from my sycamore was more than rooftops and clouds and wind and colors combined.(从我的梧桐树上看到的不仅仅是屋顶、云、风和色彩的结合)”可知，作者喜欢站在高高的树上是因为她可以欣赏到更多的美景。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“When I was little, my dad would let me sit beside him on the porch while he painted. He would tell me how the cow by itself is just a cow, and the meadow by itself is just grass and flowers, and the sun peeking through the trees is just a beam of light, but put them all together and you’ve got magic.(当我还小的时候，我爸爸会让我坐在他旁边的门廊上，让他画画。他会告诉我，奶牛本身就是一头牛，草地本身就是草和花，从树丛中透出的阳光只是一束光，但把它们放在一起，你就会看到魔法)”和最后一段“It was magic.(这是魔法)”可推知，作者想要表达的是整体大于各部分的总和。故选D。
C
Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored. As the quantity of information we receive continually increases and as information spreading is shifting from page to screen, it may be time to ask how changes in our way of reading may affect our mental life. For how we receive information bears vitally on the ways we experience and interpret reality.
What is most obvious in the evolution of reading is the gradual displacement of the vertical (垂直的) by the horizontal—a shift from intensive to extensive reading. In our culture, access is not a problem, but proliferation (激增) is. And the reading act is necessarily different than it was in its earliest days. Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate (共鸣) inwardly.
Interestingly, this shift from vertical to horizontal parallels the overall societal shift from bounded lifetimes spent in single locales to lives lived in wider geographical areas amid streams of data. This larger access was once regarded as worldliness—one traveled, knew the life of cities, the ways of diverse people…. It has now become the birthright of anyone who owns a television set.
How do we square the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical awareness? The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands. The media-obsessed urbanites, by contrast, never lose their awareness of what happens in different parts of the world.
We may ask, which people are happier? The villagers may have found more sense in things owing both to the limited range of their concern and the depth on their information. But restricted conditions and habit also suggest boredom and limitation. The lack of a larger perspective (视角) leads to suspiciousness and cautious conservatism, but for the same reason, the constant availability of data and macro-perspectives has its own decreasing returns. When everything is happening everywhere, it gets harder to care about anything.
How do we assign value? Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives? Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.
28. What can we learn about the first two paragraphs?
A. Readers today tend to ignore deep engagement with texts.
B. It’s difficult to shift from vertical to horizontal reading.
C. Where and how we read texts shapes our mental life.
D. People are tired of information proliferation.
29. According to the passage, villagers .
A. have a deeper understanding of their surroundings
B. show no interest in what happens in the world
C. are less bored than media-obsessed urbanites
D. cannot adapt to changing situations
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Vertical awareness allows us to care about others.
B. Changes in our reading habits lead to the societal shift.
C. It’s wise to keep a balance between a local and a global view.
D. Horizontal reading affects our mindset more than vertical reading.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。随着我们接收到的信息量不断增加，随着信息传播从页面转移到屏幕，是时候问一下我们阅读方式的变化会如何影响我们的精神生活了。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Newspapers, advertisements, and labels surround us everywhere, turning our environment into a mass of texts to be read or ignored.（报纸、广告和标签无处不在，把我们的环境变成了一大堆可以阅读或忽略的文本。）”以及第二段“Awed by the availability of texts, the reader tends to move across surfaces without allowing the words to resonate(共鸣) inwardly. (由于对文本的可用性感到敬畏，读者倾向于在表面上移动，而不允许文字在内心产生共鸣。)”可知，今天的读者往往忽略了与文本的深度接触。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The villagers, who know everything about their surroundings, are blessedly unaware of events in distant lands.（村民们对周围的一切都了如指掌，幸运的是，他们对遥远的地方发生的事情一无所知。）”可知，村民们 对周围环境有更深入的了解。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“How do we assign value? Where do we find the fixed context that allows us to create a narrative of sense about our lives? Ideally, I suppose, one would have the best of both worlds—the purposeful fixity of the local, as well as the availability of enhancing views: a natural ecology of information and context.（我们如何赋值?我们在哪里找到一个固定的环境，让我们能够创造一种关于我们生活的感觉?我想，最理想的情况是，一个人将拥有两全其美的一面——有目的的固定的地方，以及增强视野的可用性：信息和环境的自然生态。）”可知，在本地视角和全球视角之间保持平衡是明智的。故选C。
D
Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.
Massive resources are being put into environmental restoration projects and development is subject to many layers of approvals. Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.
Wetlands, coastal plains and forests do cheaply (or even for free) what seawalls and pumps do at a cost of billions of dollars. They are vital infrastructure (基础设施) that makes us more resilient against climate change, and the cost of destroying them or weakening their ability to function must be factored into the decisions we make to build and grow.
To do so, the economic incentives to develop any natural landscape should be weighed against the protective economic value that land already provides. Economists call this an “avoided damage” valuation. Local planning boards might consider the value of a sand dune or swamp in flood protection versus the expense of replacing it with a seawall and water pump system. Maintaining and restoring natural infrastructure to support healthy functioning saves money, time and lives.
The concept of “natural capital”, or the idea that ecosystem services should be valued in a similar manner as any form of wealth, dates back to the 1970s. Markets have always valued wood as a commodity (商品), for example, but not the services that came along with producing it, such as soil maintenance, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. We didn’t need a market for resources that industrialists saw as abundant (丰富的) and endlessly renewable. This exploitative (开发资源的) assumption turned out to be very wrong. Failing to measure the benefits of ecosystem services in policy and management decisions is a major reason many of those ecosystems disappeared.
It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.
Economic value is never the only reason nature is worth preserving; it is simply a powerful, underused tool to help us make decisions about how to live more sustainably in a climate-changed world. If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.
31. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The consequences of the saltwater flooding.
B The cause of the urban sprawl and the rising sea.
C. An approval to an environmental restoration project.
D. The problem caused by the expansion of coastal cities
32. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The idea of natural capital can enhance the profit of commodity.
B. The economic growth boosts the protection of natural landscape.
C. The abundance of resources is not the reason for devaluing them.
D. The exploitation of nature reflects the “avoided damage” valuation.
33. What does the underlined word “crass” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A. Inadvisable. B. Beneficial.
C. Relevant. D. Unrealistic.
34. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To appeal for stricter control over city scale.
B. To propose the use of nature as infrastructure.
C. To stress the importance of ecosystem services.
D. To promote public awareness of nature protection.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. A 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Coastal cities worldwide are squeezed by two opposing forces: urban sprawl (扩张) and the rising sea. This struggle is intensely visible in the flatlands where expanding neighborhoods routinely flood and saltwater flooding damages the river mouths that protect communities from the worst of our climate crisis.(世界各地的沿海城市都受到两股对立力量的挤压:城市扩张和海平面上升。这种斗争在平原上尤为明显，那里不断扩张的社区经常发生洪水和盐水洪水，破坏了保护社区免受最严重气候危机影响的河口。)”和第二段的“Yet in 2022 the commissioners of a coastal city voted to expand a legal boundary that contains sprawl to allow a 400-acre warehouse project. They are failing to see the value of this land in the greater ecosystem.(然而，在2022年，一个沿海城市的专员投票决定扩大法律边界，允许一个400英亩的仓库项目。他们没有看到这片土地在更大的生态系统中的价值。)”可知，前两段主要讲的是沿海城市扩张造成的问题。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It also seems crass to place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism. This preciousness is ethically sound. But developers have long confused pricelessness with worthlessness, allowing them to profit without paying for the consequences of destroying the environment.(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元似乎也是不明智的，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义。这种珍贵在伦理上是合理的。但长期以来，开发商一直把无价之宝和毫无价值混为一谈，这使得他们可以在不为破坏环境的后果买单的情况下获利。)”可知，资源丰富并不是使其贬值的理由。故选C。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“place a dollar amount on ecosystems that we’d rather view as priceless, existing for their own sake and valuable to humans in ways that are beyond capitalism(在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元，这些生态系统因其自身而存在，对人类的价值超越了资本主义)”可知，在我们宁愿视为无价之宝的生态系统上投入一美元是不明智的，划线词意为“不明智的，愚蠢的”，和inadvisable意思相近，故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“If policy makers considered natural infrastructure in the language of economics, they might recognize just how deeply we rely on it.(如果政策制定者用经济学的语言来考虑自然基础设施，他们可能会意识到我们对它的依赖程度有多深。)”可知，本文主要论述的是自然生态系统作为基础设施的意义和重要性，因此本文主要目的是建议利用自然作为基础设施。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The term “growth mindset” has become something of a buzzword in our life. You can find it everywhere you look—in the seminars of motivational speakers, in the education course descriptions, and in the mission statements of companies.____35____
One of the biggest misconceptions about growth mindset is that it is the same thing as being open-minded in your beliefs. This is untrue. Being open-minded in your beliefs is often the belief on what true growth mindset is, but this is actually called “false growth mindset” in the research community.____36____What this means is that they have a fixed belief on their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are growing, when in reality they are not.
Being open-minded to other people’s beliefs and new things is great, but it does not mean that you are actually learning anything. Furthermore, there is no way to ever have a truly complete growth mindset.____37____It is important that you accept this and embrace it, while still desiring to experience growth anyway. This is the only way you can truly foster as m’ of a growth mindset as humanly possible.
____38____Unproductive efforts that are merely done for the reward or outcome are not considered to be growth mindset. True growth mindset has nothing to do with reward or outcome. Rather, it is based entirely on the learning and growing process itself. When you are invested in a growth mindset, you are invested in the process regardless of the outcome.
____39____You cannot simply “have” a growth mindset. You have to want one, and invest in having one. Understanding the truth about growth mindset will enable you to understand exactly how this trait can assist you in life.
A. Mindset is a lot harder than “just do it”.
B. It is virtually impossible, as we are all fixed in some way or another.
C. Another false belief is that growth mindset is about rewarded efforts.
D. A second misconception is that people’s motivation comes from the process.
E. But despite its popularity, some people don’t understand what it actually means.
F. This is essentially people who have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.
G. Growth mindset assists people in having greater results from what they set out to accomplish.
【答案】35. E 36. F 37. B 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是成长型思维模式以及对成长型思维模式的误解。
【35题详解】
空前“You can find it everywhere you look—in the seminars of motivational speakers, in the education course descriptions, and in the mission statements of companies.(你可以在任何地方找到它——在励志演说家的研讨会上，在教育课程的描述中，在公司的使命宣言中。)”讲述成长性思维这个说法无处不在，很受欢迎，下一段“One of the biggest misconceptions about growth mindset is that it is the same thing as being open-minded in your beliefs.(关于成长型思维模式的最大误解之一是，它与你的信仰持开放态度是一回事。)”说明很多人不理解成长型思维模式的真正含义，E选项“But despite its popularity, some people don’t understand what it actually means.(尽管它很受欢迎，但有些人并不理解它的真正含义。)”说明很多人不理解成长型思维模式的真正含义，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【36题详解】
空前“Being open-minded in your beliefs is often the belief on what true growth mindset is, but this is actually called “false growth mindset” in the research community.(对你的信仰持开放态度通常是对什么是真正的成长型思维模式的信念，但这实际上在研究界被称为“错误的成长型思维模式”。)”讲述对你的信仰持开放态度是错误的成长型思维模式，空后“What this means is that they have a fixed belief on their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are growing, when in reality they are not.(这意味着他们对自己的智力水平有一个固定的信念，这就是固定思维模式。他们认为自己在成长，而实际上并没有。)”讲述错误的成长型思维模式的表现，因此空格处应该也是介绍错误的成长型思维模式，F选项“This is essentially people who have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.(这类人本质上是一种“我已经拥有了，而且我一直都有”的态度。)”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【37题详解】
空前说“Being open-minded to other people’s beliefs and new things is great, but it does not mean that you are actually learning anything. Furthermore, there is no way to ever have a truly complete growth mindset.(对别人的信仰和新事物持开放的态度是很好的，但这并不意味着你真的学到了什么。此外，没有办法拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式。)”，说明人不能拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式，B选项“It is virtually impossible, as we are all fixed in some way or another.(这实际上是不可能的，因为我们都以这样或那样的方式被固定住了。)”解释不能拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式的原因是我们被固定住了，符合语境，与上文是因果关系。故选B。
【38题详解】
空后“Unproductive efforts that are merely done for the reward or outcome are not considered to be growth mindset. True growth mindset has nothing to do with reward or outcome.(仅仅为了回报或结果而做出的非生产性努力不被认为是成长型思维模式。真正的成长型思维模式与回报或结果无关。)”说明的是对成长型思维模式的另一个误解，成长型思维模式与回报或结果有关，C选项“Another false belief is that growth mindset is about rewarded efforts.(另一个错误的信念是，成长型思维模式是关于有回报的努力。)”说明了另一个误解是成长型思维模式是关于有回报的努力，符合语境，下文对前文进行具体的解析。故选C。
【39题详解】
空后说“You cannot simply “have” a growth mindset. You have to want one, and invest in having one.(你不能简单地“拥有”成长型思维模式。你必须想要并为拥有一个（成长型思维）而投资。)”说明拥有成长型思维没有那么简单，因此成长型思维不是说做就做得到的，你必须为之努力，A选项“Mindset is a lot harder than “just do it”.(思维模式比“说做就做”要难得多。)”说明了思维模式很难获得，引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
40. How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized?
_______________________________________________________________________
41. What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common?
_______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
_______________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have? (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40 He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
41. Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
42. Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
43. 言之有理即可。I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是虚拟病房的优点。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的“As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.(病情一稳定，他就带着手机和血压计等设备被送回家。)”可知，他被送回家时带着包括电话和血压计在内的设备。故答案为He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段的“It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor(它的工作方式与医院的传统查房类似，患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查)”可知，“区域指挥中心”和传统的查房的共同之处在于患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查。故答案为Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients.(老年人希望尽可能少地住院，避免去医院，尤其是频繁的住院和长时间的住院会损害老年患者的健康。)”可知，老年人希望少住院的原因是因为长时间住院不利于身体健康，而不是因为医院的医疗资源有限，故答案为Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited. According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
【43题详解】
考查推理判断。言之有理即可。根据文章可知，我认为虚拟病房可以提高老年人的生活质量，因为在家居住可以确保老年人吃得更好，也可参加正常的社交。故答案为I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim来信询问你毕业后的暑期安排。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，谈谈你的打算及原因。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim
How is everything going? I’d like to share with you my plans for the upcoming summer vacation.
First, I’m going to take a trip with my parents. It’s a great way to unwind and recharge after a year of hard work. Moreover, we can explore breathtaking scenery and spend quality time together during the journey.
Learning some new skills is also on my agenda. Passionate about programming, I’m planning to attend relevant online courses to take my programming skills to the next level, which will be beneficial for my future major.
I just can’t wait to kick off my summer vacation! Have you got any vacation plans yet? Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国好友Jim写封电子邮件，谈谈你毕业后暑期安排。
【详解】1.词汇积累
即将到来的：upcoming→forthcoming
另外：moreover→besides
相关的：relevant→related
有用的：beneficial→helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’d like to share with you my plans for the upcoming summer vacation.
拓展句：I’d like to share with you my plans for the summer vacation which is drawing near.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Learning some new skills is also on my agenda. (运用了动名词作主语)
[高分句型2] Passionate about programming, I’m planning to attend relevant online courses to take my programming skills to the next level, which will be beneficial for my future major. (运用了形容词作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)