北京市东城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-07阅读回答问题

北京市东城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-07阅读回答问题

一、阅读回答问题

（2020·北京东城·统考一模）Keep Calm and Carry On

Stuart Manley and his wife, Mary, run a second-hand bookshop called Barter Books in Alnwick, Northumberland. In2000, they bought a box of old books. When Stuart got them back to the shop, he discovered a poster at the bottom of the box. The poster read "Keep Calm and Carry On". Neither Stuart nor Mary knew anything about the history of the poster, but they liked it so much that they decided to hang the poster in their bookshop.

At the start of World War Ⅱ, the British government designed three posters and the Keep Calm poster was one of them. Two of the three posters were released (展示) in public in order to encourage the British people. Although nearly 2.5 million copies of the Keep Calm poster had been printed, the British government decided not to release them. In 1940, most of the copies were recycled into other paper products. Only a few were left.

The poster started its second life when Manley's poster began attracting the attention of customers in his shop. He printed copies of the poster to sell. Soon other companies began to sell products with the slogan (标语). It appeared on everything from mugs to shopping bags.

The reasons for the popularity of this rediscovered poster aren't hard to understand. Shortly after the poster made its appearance in 2000, a worldwide economic (经济的) downturn began. People were in need of something to raise their spirits. The saying "Keep Calm and Carry On" seems to be the perfect slogan to bring courage and hope to people. Besides the encouraging message, the simple design of the poster helped lead to its popularity.

Today the now-famous wartime slogan has been rewritten in many fun ways. Some people have created phrases like "Keep Calm and Dance On", "Keep Calm and Call Mom" or "Keep Calm and Eat a Cupcake". The slogan has become part of popular culture. The explanations of the slogan are often lighthearted, but it is important to remember its purpose when it was first designed.

1．Where did Stuart discover the poster?

_____________________

2．Did Stuart know anything about the history of the poster when it was discovered?

_____________________

3．When was the poster first designed?

_____________________

4．Why did the poster become popular?

_____________________

5．Please rewrite the Keep Calm slogan to encourage your classmates before an important exam.

_____________________

（2020·北京东城·统考二模）International Mother Language Day

A language is much more than just a way of communicating, Language, and especially our mother language, is an important part of our culture. There are about 6, 500 languages in the world, but did you know that a language disappears and dies every two weeks?

In 1999, a special day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world was created: International Mother Language Day, It is on 21 February. The idea for this special day came from Bangladesh, a country in South Asia, and 21 February is also the day when Bangladeshis mark the day that the Bangla language was officially （官方）accepted. Bangladeshis celebrate the day by holding competitions and singing songs.

Every year, UNESCO （联合国教科文组织）chooses a different theme （主题） and holds different events. For example, in 2005, there was a focus on Braille and sign languages, and in 2017, a focus on how multilingual （多语言的） education could help the world to have a better future. Many countries have also set up special projects to mark this day. For example, in 2014, the Indian government provided digital （数字的）learning materials for schools and colleges in the 22 most widely spoken Indian languages. It is said that there are around 750 languages in India, and, sadly, that around 250 more languages have been lost in the last 50 years.

The Director General of UNESCO, Audrey Azouley, pointed out in a recent speech on International Mother Language Day that mother languages "shape millions of developing young minds”. She believes that children learn best in their mother language, and that it is important that children should have this opportunity. Around the world, 40% of the population can't be able to learn in a language they can understand or speak.

At least 43% of all languages are at risk, and fewer than 100 of the world's languages are used in the digital world. Most Internet communication is in one of the following languages: English, Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, Indonesian, Malayan, Japanese, Russian and German. But everyone has the right to use their own mother language, and to keep the memories, traditions and ways of thinking that their language represents. And this is what International Mother Language Day is all about.

6．Why was International Mother Language Day created?

_______________________________________________________

7．When is International Mother Language Day?

_______________________________________________________

8．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

_______________________________________________________

9．In what language do children learn best according to Audrey Azouley?

_______________________________________________________

10．List two problems that the languages in the world are facing.

_______________________________________________________

（2021·北京东城·统考一模）

Our brains change in many ways as we grow. In September 2020, scientists published(发表) a study about one change that happens. It shows that as we grow, our brain processes words differently. The study was led by Elissa Newport, a doctor who studies and treats the brain at Georgetown University Medical Center.

The brain is an organ (器官) in the body. It controls how the body works. It also controls how we think and use our senses. It is divided into a right half and a left half. They are called hemispheres. The two hemispheres connect in the middle to send messages to each other.

The study found that children have speech centers on both sides of their brains. Young children and teens use both sides of their brains to understand language. As we become adults, the brain only uses the left side for this task. This happens slowly over time. It starts around the time we learn to talk. It finishes when we are about 19 years old.

Today’s scientists have high-tech tools that can measure (测量) the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of them. It can collect images (图像) of blood flow in the brain. Scientists can study healthy, working brains with it. They can see when a part of the brain is active, or turned on. It shows up as a set of colors in an image.

In Newport’s study, 39 children and 14 adults tried to understand sentences. The team used fMRI to watch their brains. Each fMRI scan took many pictures of the brain. There were patches (斑块) of color in each picture. This showed which parts of the brain were getting the most blood. This was a sign that they were turned on and active.

For the youngest kids, both sides of the brain became active when understanding sentences. The pictures showed many patches of color. By age 19,no activity showed up on the right side.

Other scientists are doing research too. They are studying brain areas that process vision and memory. Newport hopes to combine (结合) her study results with work by those scientists to get a more “complete map” of how brains work.

11．What does the study that was published in 2020 show?

_________________________

12．What does the brain do as an organ?

_________________________

13．According to Newport’s study, from what age do people only use the left side of their brains to understand language?

_________________________

14．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

_________________________

15．Why does Newport hope to combine her study results with others’ work?

_________________________

（2021·北京东城·统考二模）Do You Feel Like You Belong?

Have you ever been unsure about a situation and looked around the room to see what other students were doing? You might have decided to “go with the crowd” and hide your real feelings or wants. The reason is the natural need to belong and fit in.

A sense of belonging means that people feel accepted, included, or a part of something else. Belonging feels good, but we probably won’t realize this until we miss it. Not belonging can be related to feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.

If you feel like you do not belong, you are not alone. When some researchers asked students if they recently felt like they belonged at their schools, 29% of them said they didn’t feel that way. Feeling no sense of belonging is one of our common emotions and there is nothing wrong with it.

When students feel that they belong, they are more likely to get good grades and perform well in school. A feeling of belonging also positively affects students’ ability to perform daily activities and interact(互动)with people around them. It helps you develop positive attitudes toward learning, improves well-being, and improves your confidence in your ability to do well in school. Additionally, a high sense of belonging is related to less bad behavior in school and more positive social relationships.

Building strong and healthy relationships with people in your life will help create a sense of belonging. Young people who feel supported by their friends are more likely to feel like they belong at school. When young people feel liked and cared for by teachers, they are more likely to report feelings of school belonging. Young people with parents who have positive conversations with their kids about school have also been found to feel high levels of school belonging.

Interestingly, you can help with your own sense of belonging as well! Young people who can deal with challenges and stress, have good mental health, see a purpose and value in learning, have a good study habit, feel like they belong at school.

Creating a culture of belonging is something that everyone has a role in.

16．What is a sense of belonging?

_______________________________________________________

17．If a person doesn’t have a sense of belonging, what feelings might he or she have?

_______________________________________________________

18．Is it normal for people to feel they don’t belong?

_______________________________________________________

19．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

_______________________________________________________

20．Who can help young people to belong at school?

_______________________________________________________

（2022·北京东城·北京模拟预测）Mechanical Engineering

Do you like to build with blocks? Have you ever wondered how planes stay in the air? Do you like to design and create new things? If you do, a career (职业) in mechanical engineering might be right for you!

A mechanical engineer is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems. Mechanical systems can include machine design, heating and cooling equipment, and product design.

Mechanical engineers are in high need right now. There are a lot of job openings for mechanical engineers, but there aren’t enough people to fill those jobs. Because there is a high need for engineers and the work requires specialized knowledge, engineers get paid more than some other careers.

To be a mechanical engineer, you need to graduate from college with a bachelor’s (学士) degree. In college, you will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills.

Problem solving is very important in the field of mechanical engineering. To come up with the best solution to a problem, mechanical engineers need to think in different ways. They also need to be creative, because they may need to make something that’s never been made before. Paying attention to details (细节) is important as well. Many designs depend on a lot of little details.

Mechanical engineers also need to be able to use different tools, such as calculators, high-speed cameras, and computers. There are many computer programs mechanical engineers use to create designs, run scenarios (方案), and do research.

As with many other jobs, mechanical engineers should be able to meet deadlines (期限) and work well with other people. Some jobs can be done with just one person, but more often mechanical engineers work on a team to complete a project. If an engineer cannot manage his or her time well and misses a deadline, the whole team gets delayed (拖延).

Some engineers work in an office, and some travel to different worksites while a machine or product is being built, so they can help solve any problems.

Mechanical engineering takes a lot of thought. It is a great career for people who like to make objects and machines work, solve problems, and be creative!

21．What is a mechanical engineer responsible for?

__________________________________________________________

22．To be a mechanical engineer, what will a student learn in college?

__________________________________________________________

23．How can mechanical engineers come up with the best solution to a problem?

__________________________________________________________

24．Why should a mechanical engineer be able to meet deadlines?

__________________________________________________________

25．In your opinion, which quality (品质) of mechanical engineers should students learn? Why?

__________________________________________________________

（2022·北京东城·统考一模）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

On March 2, 2022, world leaders at the 5th meeting of the United Nations Environment Assembly （UNEA）reached a historic agreement to solve the problems of plastic. They agreed that by 2024, they would create and sign a new treaty （条约）on plastics. The new treaty would create international laws that could help bring plastic waste under control.

Because plastic is useful for so many purposes, it has become a part of nearly all areas of our lives. It’s hard to look anywhere without things made of plastic. It’s reported that now 400 million tons of plastic is produced every year. By 2040, the number is expected to double. Although there’s a lot of talk about recycling, only 9% of all the plastic ever created has been recycled.

Almost all kinds of plastic are made from some kind of oil. It gives off dangerous gases（气体）when it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried（掩埋）in the ground. Scientists say plastics are responsible for 4.5% of the world’s greenhouse gases.

Plastic doesn’t break down like natural materials, such as wood. Instead, it just breaks into smaller and smaller pieces, and finally tiny bits of plastic called microplastics. In recent years, microplastics have been found almost everywhere, from the North Pole to Antarctica, from the top of the Earth’s tallest mountain to the deepest point in the sea. They’ve even been found in the bodies of animals including humans.

The treaty is expected to cover the whole plastic “life cycle”, including making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of （处理）it. The treaty will also cover how to deal with microplastics in the oceans, on land, and in the things we eat. It is expected to lay out rules to get rid of single-use plastics as well.

Deciding on the specific rules and goals that will go in the treaty will probably be difficult. The treaty is likely to require all countries to take their own steps to meet the treaty’s goals, and offer poorer countries money to help them meet the goals.

26．How much plastic is produced every year now?

____________________________________________

27．When does plastic give off dangerous gases?

____________________________________________

28．What does plastic finally become when it breaks down?

____________________________________________

29．What does the whole plastic “life cycle”include?

____________________________________________

30．What do you think of the idea of creating the new treaty on plastics? Why do you think so?

____________________________________________

（2022·北京东城·统考二模）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Spreading Happiness

Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss are art teachers in a primary school. They thought their students might have the magic words that could bring calm to people in difficult times, so they created a project called “Pep Toc” with their students. The project had two parts—one was setting up a hotline, and the other was making encouraging posters. The two teachers had the same basic question for all the students: “What could you say to help or encourage someone else?”

Students working on the hotline thought of what they would like to say. Then Ms. Martin recorded each one, and sorted out（分类）the recordings into different parts of the telephone hotline. When people call the hotline, they can hear happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive（积极的）messages. For example, pressing 1 brings ideas for people who are “feeling mad or nervous”. Helpful suggestions include: “listen to music”, or “go and get a cookie”. Pressing 2 results in “words of encouragement and life advice”. This includes messages like: “The world is a better place with you in it.” and “You are okay!” By pressing 3, you can hear a group of children saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, don’t give up!”

Other students made encouraging posters and hung them up around the town. Many posters had strips of paper. When people passed by, they could tear off（撕掉）the strips and take with them. For example, one poster said “If you are mad, think of positive thoughts, and had strips reminding people to “Be happy”.

Ms. Martin thought the project would only attract interest from people near the school. But in its first six weeks, the hotline got 5 million calls from around the world. It has become very popular with stressed adults, patients in hospitals, and others who just want to hear the happy voices of children. For Martin and Weiss, the project shows students that small acts can have a big influence. “If you have an idea, just try to do it and see what happens,” Weiss says. Students now know that they have amazing power. They’re already thinking about new messages to record for the Pep Toc Hotline.

31．Who created the project “Pep Toc”?

_________________________________

32．What are the two parts of the project?

_________________________________

33．How did Ms. Martin and the students set up the hotline?

_________________________________

34．What could people do when they passed by the posters?

_________________________________

35．What is the last paragraph mainly about?

_________________________________

参考答案：

1．At the bottom of a box of old books.    2．No, he didn't.    3．At the start of World War Ⅱ.    4．Because of its encouraging message and its simple design.    5．Keep Calm and You Can Do It.（答案不唯一，合理即可）

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。“Keep Calm and Carry On”是英国常见的印在海报上的信息，它来源于二战，是二战中英国政府用这句话来鼓励人们保持镇定勇敢作战的。

1．根据“they bought a box of old books”和“ he discovered a poster at the bottom of the box.”可知，他在盒子的底部发现了一张海报，故答案为At the bottom of a box of old books.

2．根据“Neither Stuart nor Mary knew anything about the history of the poster”可知，斯图尔特和玛丽都不知道海报的历史，故答案为No, he didn't.

3．根据“At the start of World War Ⅱ, the British government designed three posters and the Keep Calm poster was one of them.”可知，海报首次被设计是在二战初，故答案为At the start of World War Ⅱ.

4．根据“Besides the encouraging message, the simple design of the poster helped lead to its popularity.” 除了要传达鼓舞人心的讯息外，这张海报简洁的设计也让它广受欢迎，可知，海报流行的原因在于它简单的设计和鼓舞人心的信息。故答案为Because of its encouraging message and its simple design.

5．此题为开放性题，学生们可自由发挥。因为是为重要的考试写的标语，所以是为学生加油打气的，故答案为Keep Calm and You Can Do It.（答案不唯一，合理即可）

6．To celebrate and protect all the languages of the world.    7．It is on 21 February.    8．Different themes and different events about International Mother Language Day.    9．Their mother language.    10．(1) A language disappears and dies every two weeks

(2) At least 43% of all languages are at risk, and fewer than 100 of the world's languages are used in the digital world.

【分析】本文主要讲述了设立国际母语日保护世界上所有的语言。

6．根据文章第二段第一句“In 1999, a special day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world was created: International Mother Language Day,”可知，设立母语日的目的是为了庆祝和保护世界所有语言的特别日。故填To celebrate and protect all the languages of the world。

7．根据文章第二段第一句“In 1999, a special day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world was created: International Mother Language Day, It is on 21 February.”可知，母语日是2月21号。故填It is on 21 February。

8．根据第三段首句“Every year, UNESCO （联合国教科文组织）chooses a different theme （主题） and holds different events.”可知，本段主要介绍了每一年的主题和活动。故填Different themes and different events about International Mother Language Day。

9．根据第四段中“The Director General of UNESCO, Audrey Azouley, pointed out in a recent speech on International Mother Language Day that mother languages "shape millions of developing young minds”.”可知，应该填Their mother language。

10．根据文章第一段和最后一段可知，语言的现状出现了两个问题。故填：(1) A language disappears and dies every two weeks. (2) At least 43% of all languages are at risk, and fewer than 100 of the world's languages are used in the digital world.

11．As we grow, our brain processes words differently.    12．It controls how the body works, how we think and use our senses.    13．19 years old.    14．How Newport’s study was carried out.    15．To know more about how brains work.

【分析】本文主要讲述了随着我们的成长，我们的大脑会在很多方面发生变化。

11．根据第一段中“It shows that as we grow, our brain processes words differently.”可知，研究表明，随着我们的成长，我们的大脑处理语言的方式不同。故填As we grow, our brain processes words differently.

12．根据第二段中“It controls how the body works. It also controls how we think and use our senses.”可知，大脑控制着身体的工作方式，还控制我们如何思考和使用我们的感官。故填It controls how the body works, how we think and use our senses.

13．根据倒数第二段中“By age 19,no activity showed up on the right side.”可知，研究表明，到19岁时，右脑没有任何活动，说明只能使用左脑理解语言。故填19 years old.

14．第五段讲述了参加人员有成年人和孩子，同时会使用高科技设备对脑部进行扫描拍照，根据照片中的斑块数量判断大脑是否活跃，所以该段是在描述整个研究如何进行。故填How Newport’s study was carried out.

15．根据最后一段中“Newport hopes to combine (结合) her study results with work by those scientists to get a more “complete map” of how brains work.”可知，把她的研究和其他人的结合起来，是为了更多了解大脑是如何工作的。故填To know more about how brains work.

16．People feel accepted, included, or a part of something else.    17．Feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.    18．Yes, it is.    19．The importance/benefits of belonging.    20．Their friends, teachers, parents and young people themselves.

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍归属感的相关情况。

16．根据“A sense of belonging means that people feel accepted, included, or a part of something else.”可知，归属感是指人们感到被接受、被包容或成为其他事物的一部分。故填People feel accepted, included, or a part of something else.

17．根据“Not belonging can be related to feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.”可知，没有归属感可能会让你觉得自己毫无价值、自我怀疑和悲伤。故填Feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.

18．根据“Feeling no sense of belonging is one of our common emotions and there is nothing wrong with it.”可知，没有归属感是我们共同的情感之一，这没有什么不对的。故填Yes, it is.

19．分析第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍归属感的重要性/好处。故填The importance/benefits of belonging.

20．根据“ Young people who feel supported by their friends are more likely to feel like they belong at school. When young people feel liked and cared for by teachers, they are more likely to report feelings of school belonging. Young people with parents who have positive conversations with their kids about school have also been found to feel high levels of school belonging.”和“Interestingly, you can help with your own sense of belonging as well!”可知，朋友、老师、父母和年轻人自己都能帮助年轻人在学校有归属感。故填Their friends, teachers, parents and young people themselves.

21．He/She is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems.    22．He/She will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills.    23．They need to think in different ways, be creative and pay attention to details.    24．Because if an engineer misses a deadline, the whole team gets delayed.    25．I think students should learn to think in different ways, be creative and pay attention to details. Because they are not only helpful in jobs, but also meaningful in our daily life.

【导语】本文主要介绍了与机械工程师这种职业。包括工作职责以及相关要求。

21．根据“A mechanical engineer is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems”可知，机械工程师负责提出和设计机械系统。故填He/She is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems.

22．根据“In college, you will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills.”可知，在大学里，你将学习解决问题和批判性思维的技能。故填He/She will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills.

23．根据“To come up with the best solution to a problem, mechanical engineers need to think in different ways.”和“Paying attention to details (细节) is important as well.”可知，为了找到解决问题的最佳方法，机械工程师需要用不同的方式思考，需要有创造力和注意细节。故填They need to think in different ways, be creative and pay attention to details.

24．根据“If an engineer cannot manage his or her time well and misses a deadline, the whole team gets delayed (拖延).”可知，如果工程师不能很好地管理自己的时间而错过最后期限，整个队伍都被拖延。故填Because if an engineer misses a deadline, the whole team gets delayed.

25．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：I think students should learn to think in different ways, be creative and pay attention to details. Because they are not only helpful in jobs, but also meaningful in our daily life.

26．400 million tons.    27．When it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried in the ground.

    28．Microplastics.

    29．It includes making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of it.

    30．I think it is necessary. Because the problems of plastic is very serious.

【导语】本文介绍了UNEA要制定一个条约来解决全球塑料问题。

26．根据“It’s reported that now 400 million tons of plastic is produced every year.”可知每年产生4亿吨塑料。故填400 million tons.

27．根据“It gives off dangerous gases（气体）when it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried（掩埋）in the ground.”可知当塑料生产出来、燃烧、掩埋到地下时，会产生有害气体。故填When it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried in the ground.

28．根据“Instead, it just breaks into smaller and smaller pieces, and finally tiny bits of plastic called microplastics.”可知塑料会分解成越来越小的碎片，最后变成微小的塑料碎片，称为微塑料。故填Microplastics.

29．根据“The treaty is expected to cover the whole plastic ‘life cycle’, including making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of （处理）it. ”可知条约包括如何制造、再利用、回收和处理塑料。故填It includes making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of it.

30．自由发挥题，合理即可。我认为这是必要的。因为塑料的问题非常严重。故填I think it is necessary. Because the problems of plastic is very serious.

31．Two art teachers, Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss, and their students.    32．Setting up a hotline and making encouraging posters.    33．The students thought of positive messages. Then Ms. Martin recorded them and sorted out the recordings into different parts of the hotline.    34．They could tear off the strips and take with them.    35．The influence of the project on other people and the students.

【导语】本文主要讲述两位小学美术老师和学生一起开展“PepToc”项目帮助人们的故事。

31．根据“Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss are art teachers in a primary school...so they created a project called ‘Pep Toc’ with their students.”可知，两位小学美术老师和他们的学生一起创建“PepToc”项目。故填Two art teachers, Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss, and their students.

32．根据“The project had two parts—one was setting up a hotline, and the other was making encouraging posters.”可知，这个项目有两个部分：设立热线电话和制作鼓舞人心的海报。故填Setting up a hotline and making encouraging posters.

33．根据“Students working on the hotline thought of what they would like to say. Then Ms. Martin recorded each one, and sorted out（分类）the recordings into different parts of the telephone hotline.”可知，学生们想出能帮助或鼓励人们的话，马丁女士则将这些话录制成录音，并将录音整理到热线电话的不同按键里。故填The students thought of positive messages. Then Ms. Martin recorded them and sorted out the recordings into different parts of the hotline.

34．根据“When people passed by, they could tear off the strips and take with them.”可知，当人们经过海报前，他们可以撕下纸条并带走。故填They could tear off the strips and take with them.

35．细读最后一段可知，本段主要描述这个项目对他人及学生产生的影响。故填The influence of the project on other people and the students.