北京市西城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-07阅读回答问题

北京市西城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-07阅读回答问题

一、阅读回答问题

（2020·北京西城·统考一模）

What is art？This question has confused great thinkers for centuries. In fact, there is disagreement about exactly what art is. Most of us would agree that Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is art, but what about a video game? One dictionary states that art is making objects?Images or music, etc. that are beautiful or that express certain feelings.This, however, could be regarded as too general a definition（定义）. Marcel Ducharap With his bicycle wheel.

Art is usually divided into two areas: fine art, such as painting, music and sculpture （雕塑）and applied art （实用美术），such as fashion design, furniture making and gardening. According to Aristotle, fee art is something which has a conceptual function.（概念功能）. He noted that artists produced objects, drama and music which showed their emotions and ideas rather than just trying to offer a true image of nature. Andy Warhol, the American artist famous for his Pop Art in the 1960s, once said, “An artist produces things that people don't need to have.This is the biggest difference between fine and applied art. Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful.

In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. The French artist Marcel Duchamp changed peopled understanding of what sculpture was by mounting a bicycle wheel upside down on a stool in 1913 and calling it art. In 2002, Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama created an art work that required the public's involvement. In this work, visitors were asked to cover a white room that had white furniture and objects in it, with many colorful sticker dots （圆形贴纸）.He once said, “Everything an artist produces is art”.          

Today, we can see examples of art all around us which are not expensive, many towns and cities have public art which can be enjoyed by all. Some museums, like the National Art Museum of China in Beijing, have no entrance fee. Others are free for children and students.

Street art is also popular in different neighborhoods around the world.  

Art can make our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. This idea may not work for all art, but perhaps we can agree that it is a goal towards which all artists should work.

1．What question has confused great thinkers for centuries?

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2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

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3．What does applied art require according to this passage?

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4．When did artists begin to challenge the accepted idea of art?

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5．What’s the writer’s opinion on art?

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（2020·北京西城·统考二模）

If you live in Europe or the Americas, you likely pick up a fork every day and give no thought to it. Using it probably seems as natural as breathing. Yet compared with the knife and the spoon, which appeared very early, the fork is a latecomer to the table.

Researches show that the fork was first used in Ancient Egypt, China and Greece. Since the 4th century BC, the fork managed to become common on the tables of upper society in Eastern Europe and by the 9th century, it travelled to the Middle East and started being used by the upper class under the name “barjyn”. This enabled the fork to slowly become popular in these areas.

In the 11th century, the fork came to Italy in the dowry of a princess (王妃的嫁妆) from the Middle East who married an Italian official. After seeing the princess use the fork, the church strongly criticized her, saying that the fork disrespected the practice of using the fingers. Then the fork disappeared from the table for nearly 300 years. It began to get acceptance in Italy by the late 16th century, because the upper-class Italians expressed renewed interest in cleanliness. However, most European countries accepted the fork only by the 18th century and United States didn’t welcome it until the early 19th century.

During its life, the fork has changed in terms of appearance. In its early use, the fork had only two tines (齿). As the centuries went on, its design slowly started taking on a modern look. The fork that we know today, which has four tines, was introduced in the 18th century in Germany. By the early 20th century, the invention of stainless steel(不锈钢)enabled the fork to be made more easily. Since then, the fork hasn’t changed much in design.

6．Which is a latecomer to the table, the knife, the spoon or the fork?

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7．In what countries was the fork first used?

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8．When did most European countries accept the fork?

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9．What enabled the fork to be made more easily?

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10．What’s the passage mainly about?

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（2021·北京西城·统考一模）When it comes to celebrations, birthday parties can be one of the important of the whole year. The gifts, the singing, the candle-blowing... Basically, they’re all the best things thrown together into one day. But birthdays aren’t always a fun for everyone. For example, homeless children might not get anything at all for their special day. That’s why 17-year-old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project. It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers. Dusansky’s dream: to bring smiles to all kids’ faces on their birthdays.

As teenagers, they met many challenges at the beginning. One of the biggest was to make others believe that The Balloon Project was dependable and there would be a party each month. Each party is not easy as there are many things that have to be managed. Luckily, The Balloon Project volunteers want each party to be better than the last and can be counted on to make that happen.

Getting The Balloon Project off the ground required many leadership qualities (品质) which Dusansky did not know she owned. Working hard, focusing on solutions, and connecting with people are all necessary qualities that have made The Balloon Project a success.

Offering services to those in need and creating a positive influence are important in being an active member of a community. Community service teaches life lessons often not taught in school. At one party, a little boy and his father came up to thank her for holding the boy’s first organized birthday party. Dusansky then thanked them for teaching her something, too. The father, who lived in a shelter with his son, looked at her, puzzled, as if he was not worthy of teaching her anything. Dusansky explained to him that he had taught her to have the courage to ask for help when needed. She will never forget his hug.

Find a cause that interests you. Dusansky loves birthday celebrations and wants disadvantaged children to have the opportunity to celebrate, too. Love is passed on easily—it encourages people to help and volunteer.

11．How old was Dusansky when she decided to start The Balloon Project?

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12．Who does The Balloon Project help?

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13．What was one of the biggest challenges in running The Balloon Project?

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14．What did Dusansky learn from the father?

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15．What do you think of Dusansky?

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（2021·北京西城·统考二模）Blindness needs not prevent people from excelling.

A video clip of Xiong Linghao, an 18-year-old blind girl playing Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata in an international youth piano competition in Shanghai, went online.

Xiong Linghao, who started learning the piano at age 6, said her favorite star is Ludwig van Beethoven, who began to suffer from hearing problems in his 20s and later went completely deaf.

Their physical challenges led both of them to form a connection with the world through music, said the 18-year-old from Mianyang, Sichuan Province, who was born premature(早产) and lost her eyesight in early babyhood due to a medical accident.

Xiong's mother discovered her daughter had a talent for music early in her childhood. At age 3, she could play children's songs on a small electric piano at home.

“The piano is my best friend,” said Xiong. “The piano has accompanied me throughout my ups and downs in its own way. It brings so much pleasure into my life and empowers me with determination.” Learning to play the piano, which usually has 88 keys, is not easy for people who are blind. At first, her teacher helped her place her hands and fingers properly.

“Repeated practice is key because I need muscle memory to find the right keys,”she explained. “I pay attention to each minor step in each phrase and need to be fairly exact with the angle of how I control my hands, wrists and fingers.”

She has composed several songs, including one called the “Little Dog in Dream”, where she imagined her life with the company of a guide dog. Lyrics(歌词) like “blue skies and rainbow slides” were used by the girl, who said she could “see” the world through music. Xiong expects to go to a university in Beijing and major in music performance or music production. If she had vision for three days,  Xiong said, she would see how she looks, cook a big meal for her parents and take a walk in the places she has been to hundreds of times. “I also would like to see with my eyes what the piano that has accompanied me for more than a decade looks like,” she said.

16．When did Xiong start learning the piano?

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17．Who realized Xiong had a talent for music?

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18．Why does Xiong consider the piano her best friend?

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19．What is Xiong's expectation for the future?

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20．What helped Xiong become excellent?

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（2022·北京西城·统考一模）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Even the most confident performers can suffer from stage fright(怯场). Stage fright is common for everyone from Broadway actors to experienced presenters. If you have stage fright, then you may start to feel nervous, shaky, or even completely frightened at the thought of performing in front of an audience. But don’t worry—you can deal with your stage fright by training your body and mind to relax and trying a few tips.

1.Fake (假装) confidence. Even if your heart is racing, just act like the coolest person in the world. Walk with your head high and a big smile on your face, and don’t tell anyone how nervous you are. Keep this posture (姿势) when you get on the stage and you’ll actually start to feel confident.

2.Create a ritual (仪式). Come up with an effective ritual for the day of your performance. This could be a five-kilometer jog on the morning of your performance, the same “last meal” before your performance, or even singing a certain song in the shower or putting on your lucky socks. Do whatever you have to do to lead yourself toward success. A lucky charm is also a great part of a ritual. It could be a necklace that’s important to you, or a silly stuffed animal like a teddy bear that cheers you on from your dressing room.

3.Think positively (积极地). Think about all of the possible amazing results of your presentation or performance instead of everything that could go wrong. Fight every negative thought with five positive ones. Keep a small card with encouraging words in your pocket, or do whatever you need to do to focus on all of the benefits that the performance will give you.

4.Get advice from a professional performer. If you have friends who have experienced performing, ask for their advice. You may learn some new tips and will be comforted by the fact that everyone gets stage fright, no matter how confident he or she may appear on stage.

21．Is stage fright common for everyone?

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22．How should we walk onto the stage in order to fake confidence?

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23．What should we think about before our presentation or performance?

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24．Why does the writer encourage us to get advice from a professional performer?

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25．What’s the main idea of the passage?

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（2022·北京西城·统考二模）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Could what you believe about yourself have an effect on your success or failure? According to Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, your beliefs play a key role in what you want and whether you achieve it. Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays an important role in deciding achievement and success. So, what exactly is a mindset? A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself. It influences how you think, feel, and behave in any given situation.

According to Dweck, there are two basic mindsets: fixed and growth. If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed. You may also believe that your talent and intelligence（智商）alone leads to success. And effort is not required. If you have a growth mindset, you believe that your talents and abilities can be developed over time through effort and determination（决心）. People with this mindset don’t necessarily believe that everyone can become Einstein or Mozart just because they try. They do, however, believe that everyone can get smarter or more talented if they work at it.

Your mindset plays an important role in how you deal with life’s challenges. When children have a growth mindset, they hunger for learning and have a desire to work hard and discover new things. This often translates into achievement in education. As adults, these same people are more likely to keep going in the face of difficulties. Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow. On the other hand, those with fixed mindsets are more likely to give up in the face of challenging situations. Dweck suggests that people should get rid of their fixed mindset. Here’s how:

● Focus on the journey. When building a growth mindset, it is important to see the value in your journey. When you’re fixated on the end result, you miss out on all the things you could be learning along the way.

● Add “yet” to your life. If you’re having trouble with a task, remind yourself that you just haven’t mastered it “yet”. Adding this word into your vocabulary shows that in the face of troubles, you can overcome （克服）anything.

● Pay attention to your words and thoughts. Replace negative thoughts with more positive ones to build a growth mindset.

● Take on challenges. Making mistakes is one of the best ways to learn. So, instead of shying away from challenges, welcome them.

26．What is a mindset?

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27．Which mindset makes you believe your abilities can’t be changed?

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28．What do adults with a growth mindset think of difficulties?

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29．What are Dweck’s suggestions about developing a growth mindset?

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30．Someone says, “I’m not good at English, and I can do nothing about it.”

Is this an example of a growth mindset or a fixed mindset? Why?

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（2020·北京西城·北京四中校考模拟预测）My name is Sally Maxwell, and I’m 15. I’ve been at Park School, London since I was 11. If I pass my exams next year, I’ll stay here until I’m 18.

Park School is a secondary school, about 20 minutes by bike away from home. Before I came here, I went to primary school, near my home. I started primary school when I was five and stayed there for six years.

The school day is from 8:45 am to 3:15 pm. We spend the first 10 minutes in our classroom while our teacher checks which pupils are present or absent. Then everyone goes to the main hall. There our head teacher makes a speech and tells us any news about the school. Lessons begin at 9:05 and last for an hour. We have two more lessons before school finishes.

This year I have 11 subjects: maths, biology, chemistry, French, history, geography, music and IY, PHSE, ADT and PE (these stand for Information Technology; Personal Health and Safety Education; Art, Design and Technology and Physical Education). Fortunately, we don’t have exams in every subject. PHSE is about the dangers of drugs and smoking, among other things. In ADT we also do things like learning to cook as well as drawing and design. Some people can do Italian and Spanish instead of French, but no one is learning Chinese yet! PE involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming – we’re really lucky to have a swimming pool.

I took exams when I was 7, 10 and 14 years old. Next year I will take my exams in eight subjects, and then I can do between three and five subjects for the exams in my final year.

We have a large sports ground where we play football, tennis and do athletics both during and after school hours. After school activities, such as sports clubs and language societies are popular, too. During the school year there are usually visits to museums and galleries, and to camps for activities, such as climbing and cycling in the country. There are parties and discos and a sports day, and the school play is a really important event. Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress.  

What’s the best thing about school? English, history, music, and my friends. What’s the worst thing? Homework … and exams!

31．How long has Sally been at Park School?

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32．Will the teachers check whether pupils are present or not?

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33．Which subject involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming?

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34．How often does Sally’s school have a parents’ meeting?

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35．What does Sally think of her school life?

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参考答案：

1．What is art？    2．the two areas of art.    3．Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful。    4．In the 20th century.    5．Art makes our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special.

【分析】本文主要讲了两种艺术领域的共同点与区别。

1．题干句意：几个世纪以来，什么问题使伟大的思想家困惑？

根据上文What is art？This question has confused great thinkers for centuries. 什么是艺术？这个问题使伟大的思想家困惑几个世纪。故答案为What is art？

2．题干句意：第二段主要讲什么？

根据本段的主题句Art is usually divided into two areas: fine art, such as painting, music and sculpture （雕塑）and applied art （实用美术），such as fashion design, furniture making and gardening. 艺术通常分为两个领域：美术，如绘画、音乐和雕塑和实用美术，如时装设计、家具制造和园艺。可知本段主要讲了艺术的两个领域。故答案为the two areas of art.

3．题干句意：根据这篇文章，应用艺术要求什么？

根据上文Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful. 应用艺术要求物体既要实用又要美观。故答案为Applied art requires an object to be functional as well as beautiful.

4．题干句意：艺术家什么时候开始挑战公认的艺术理念？

根据上文In the twentieth century, however, artists began to challenge the accepted idea of art. 然而，在二十世纪，艺术家开始挑战公认的艺术理念。故答案为In the 20th century.

5．题干句意：作者对艺术有什么看法？

根据上文Art can make our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special. This idea may not work for all art, but perhaps we can agree that it is a goal towards which all artists should work. 艺术可以使我们平凡的日常生活更特别一点。这个想法可能不适合所有的艺术，但也许我们赞同这是一个所有艺术家都应该努力实现的目标。可知作者对艺术的看法是“艺术可以使我们平凡的日常生活更特别一点。”，故答案为Art makes our ordinary, everyday lives a little more special.

6．The fork.    7．In Ancient Egypt. China and Greece.    8．By the 18th century.    9．The invention of stainless steel.    10．The development/ history of the fork.

【分析】本文主要向我们介绍了叉子的起源和发展。

6．根据第一段中“Yet compared with the knife and the spoon, which appeared very early, the fork is a latecomer to the table.”可知，与出现得很早的刀和勺子相比，叉子是餐桌上的后来者。故填The fork.

7．根据第二段中“Researches show that the fork was first used in Ancient Egypt, China and Greece.”可知，最早使用叉子的是古埃及、中国和希腊。故填In Ancient Egypt. China and Greece.

8．根据第三段中“However, most European countries accepted the fork only by the 18th century”可知，大多数欧洲国家直到18世纪才接受叉子。故填By the 18th century.

9．根据第四段中“By the early 20th century, the invention of stainless steel(不锈钢)enabled the fork to be made more easily.”可知，到了20世纪初，不锈钢的发明使叉制作起来更容易。故填The invention of stainless steel.

10．分析全文内容可知，本文主要向我们介绍了叉子的起源和发展。故填The development/ history of the fork.

11．17    12．Children living in homeless shelters.    13．To make others trust them.    14．She learnt to have the courage to ask for help when needed.    15．I think she is a caring girl with superior ability.

【解析】本文讲述了Daryn Dusansky为了让无家可归的儿童都能过上生日，她开始了一个“气球计划”。文中具体介绍了这个计划实施过程中遇到的困难，通过这个计划，希望能让爱继续传递下去。

11．根据“That’s why 17-year-old Daryn Dusansky decided to start The Balloon Project”可知，她17岁时决定开始这个计划，故填17。

12．根据“It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers”可知，它帮助收容所里无家可归的孩子，故填Children living in homeless shelters.

13．根据“As teenagers, they met many challenges at the beginning. One of the biggest was to make others believe that The Balloon Project was dependable and there would be a party each month”可知，其中最大一个挑战就是让别人相信这个计划是可靠的，故填To make others trust them.

14．根据“Dusansky explained to him that he had taught her to have the courage to ask for help when needed”可知，他教会了她要有勇气在需要的时候寻求帮助，故填She learnt to have the courage to ask for help when needed.

15．根据“It celebrates monthly birthdays for children living in homeless shelters (收容所) with the help of some volunteers”可知，她为了让住在收容所的无家可归的儿童过上生日，她启动了“气球计划”，可以看出她是一个有爱心的女孩。根据“Working hard, focusing on solutions, and connecting with people are all necessary  qualities that have made The Balloon Project a success”可知，她努力工作，解决遇到的困难，与人保持积极沟通，可以看出她是一个能力出众的女孩，故填I think she is a caring girl with superior ability.

16．She started learning the piano at age 6.    17．Her mother.    18．Because the piano has accompanied her throughout her ups and downs and it brings her pleasure and strength.    19．She expects to go to a university in Beijing and major in music performance or music production.    20．Her mother and teacher, her talent for music, her strong will, her hardworking and persistence.

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了来自四川绵阳的盲人女孩熊翎好是如何学习贝多芬的精神，不向命运低头，在上海国际青少年钢琴大赛的总决赛上凭肌肉记忆弹奏出悲怆奏鸣曲。

16．根据“Xiong Linghao, who started learning the piano at age 6...”，可知她是六岁开始学钢琴，故答案为She started learning the piano at age 6.

17．根据“Xiong's mother discovered her daughter had a talent for music early in her childhood”，可知是她妈妈发现她的天赋的，故答案为Her mother.

18．根据“ 'The piano is my best friend,' said Xiong. 'The piano has accompanied me throughout my ups and downs in its own way. It brings so much pleasure into my life and empowers me with determination' ”，可知因为钢琴陪伴经历了许多，并且给她带来了快乐和力量，故答案为Because the piano has accompanied her throughout her ups and downs and it brings her pleasure and strength.

19．根据“Xiong expects to go to a university in Beijing and major in music performance or music production”，可知她未来想去北京上大学，学习音乐表演或音乐制作，故答案为She expects to go to a university in Beijing and major in music performance or music production.

20．根据全文，可知她能如此出色可以归功于她的母亲和老师，她的音乐天赋，她坚强的意志，她的努力与坚持等，故答案为Her mother and teacher, her talent for music, her strong will, her hardworking and persistence.

21．Yes.    22．We should walk with our head high and a big smile on our face.    23．Think about all of the possible amazing results of our presentation or performance.    24．Because we may learn some new tips and will be comforted by the fact that everyone gets stage fright.    25．It’s about some tips on how to deal with stage fright.

【导语】本文主要介绍了如何处理怯场的一些技巧。

21．根据“Stage fright is common for everyone”可知怯场是每个人的普遍现象，此处作肯定回答。故填Yes.

22．根据“Walk with your head high and a big smile on your face”可知为了假装自信，可以昂着头走路，脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。故填We should walk with our head high and a big smile on our face.

23．根据“Think about all of the possible amazing results of your presentation or performance instead of everything that could go wrong”可知表演前要想想你的演讲或表演的所有可能的惊人结果。故填Think about all of the possible amazing results of our presentation or performance.

24．根据“You may learn some new tips and will be comforted by the fact that everyone gets stage fright”可知从一个有经验的表演者那寻求建议是因为你可能会学到一些新的技巧，并且会因每个人都会怯场这一事实而感到欣慰。故填Because we may learn some new tips and will be comforted by the fact that everyone gets stage fright.

25．根据“you can deal with your stage fright by training your body and mind to relax and trying a few tips.”以及全文内容可知本文主要介绍了如何处理怯场的一些技巧。故填It’s about some tips on how to deal with stage fright.

26．It is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.    27．The fixed mindset.    28．They view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow.    29．Focus on the journey; add “yet” to our life; pay attention to our words and thoughts; take on challenges.    30．It’s a fixed mindset. Because he thinks talent and intelligence alone leads to success. And effort is not required.

【导语】本文主要讲述了两种心态以及如何发展成长型心态。

26．根据“A mindset is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.”可知，心态是一套塑造你如何理解世界和自己的信念，故填It is a set of beliefs that shape how you make sense of the world and yourself.

27．根据“If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed.”可知，如果你有一个固定的心态，你认为你的能力是固定的，因此不能改变；故填The fixed mindset.

28．根据“Instead of giving up, adults with a growth mindset view it as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，具有成长型心态的成年人不会放弃，而是把它视为学习和成长的机会；故填They view difficulties as an opportunity to learn and grow.

29．根据“Focus on the journey.”；“Add ‘yet’ to your life.”；“Pay attention to your words and thoughts.”和“Take on challenges.”可知，提出了4个建议；故填Focus on the journey; add “yet” to our life; pay attention to our words and thoughts; take on challenges.

30．根据“If you have a fixed mindset, you believe your abilities are fixed and therefore can’t be changed.”可知，这个人对自己的英语无能为力，而不努力，这种属于固定型心态；因为他认为英语需要智商和才能，不需要努力，故填It’s a fixed mindset. Because he thinks talent and intelligence alone leads to success. And effort is not required.

31．She has been at Park School for four years.    32．Yes, he will.    33．PE involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming.    34．Sally’s school has a parents’ meeting once a term.    35．It is interesting.

【分析】本文萨利介绍了她上学情况，她在学校所学的科目，进行的考试以及学校举行的活动。

31．根据“My name is Sally Maxwell, and I’m 15. I’ve been at Park School, London since I was 11.”可知，她自从11岁就在帕克学校，现在她15岁，因此她已经在这里15-11=4年，故填She has been at Park School for four years.

32．根据“We spend the first 10 minutes in our classroom while our teacher checks which pupils are present or absent.”可知，老师检查学生们的出勤情况。因此用肯定回答，故填Yes, he will.

33．根据“PE involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming – we’re really lucky to have a swimming pool.”可知，体育课包括体育锻炼、篮球、在体育馆训练和游泳，故填PE involves physical exercise, basketball, training in the gym and swimming.

34．根据“Once a term, there is a parents’ meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress.”可知，萨利的学校一学期召开一次家长会，故填Sally’s school has a parents’ meeting once a term.

35．根据“After school activities, such as sports clubs and language societies are popular, too. During the school year there are usually visits to museums and galleries, and to camps for activities, such as climbing and cycling in the country.”可知，她在学校参加各种活动，因此她认为学校生活是有趣的，故填It is interesting.

【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，短文讲述了Sally在学校的学习生活情况。文章叙述清晰，内容容易理解。题型是任务型阅读，要求根据文意回答问题，考查学生们对文章细节的理解。做题时，先通读短文，了解大意；然后根据题目所问，锁定短文相关句子，用简洁、概括的语言作答。例如第4小题，根据疑问词How often可知询问频率，注意文章中的表示频率的副词或短语；再根据关键词a parents’ meeting在原文定位答案。