北京市东城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-02阅读理解

这是一份北京市东城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-02阅读理解，共56页。试卷主要包含了阅读单选，阅读回答问题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

北京市东城区三年（2020-2022）中考英语模拟卷分题型分层汇编-02阅读理解

一、阅读单选
（2020·北京东城·统考一模）A
Here are some books about space travel. Take a trip to the Moon and beyond with these encouraging reads.
Balloon to the Moon

Long before anyone had designed a rocket, the Montgolfier brothers were making hot air balloons. In October 1783, they became the first people to experience controlled flight. Balloon to the Moon starts there and leads to Neil Armstrong's "small step" and beyond. Learn about all the progress of the space travel, then get ready for an unknown but exciting future.
The Extraordinary Life of Neil Armstrong

Neil Armstrong made history in 1969 when he became the first person to set foot on the Moon. From his childhood playing with model planes to becoming one of the most famous astronauts of all time, discover the wonderful story of Neil Armstrong's life in this book. It has lots of facts and pictures, and shows the key events in his life.
To Space& Back

Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983. In this book, Sally shares her personal experience of traveling into space. From discussing the experience of living and working in space to explaining how astronauts train and adapt (适应) to their new environment, she talks about her journey through space.
Counting on Katherine

This encouraging book tells the story of Katherine Johnson who has a gift for math. She helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landing possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission (任务) was in danger.

1．Who first experienced controlled flight in October 1783?A．The Montgolfier brothers. B．Katherine Johnson.
C．Neil Armstrong. D．Sally Ride.
2．If a girl is interested in women astronauts' life in space, she will probably read ________.
A．To Space& Back B．Balloon to the Moon
C．Counting on Katherine D．The Extraordinary Life of Neil Armstrong
3．What did Katherine Johnson do?
A．She designed the first rocket. B．She recorded key events of space travel.
C．She explained how astronauts trained for space travel. D．She helped make the Apollo 11 moon landing possible.

（2020·北京东城·统考一模）
People can reduce, reuse, or recycle waste instead of throwing it away. Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R's could save.
First, they collected the rubbish from six classrooms at their school. They divided the rubbish into three groups:
●things that were reusable, such as a pencil or a marker that had been thrown away
●things that could be recycled, such as cans, glass, or paper
●things that were truly waste Then, Matt and Sam weighed each of the three groups. They learned that 84% of the total rubbish thrown away that day could be recycled or reused. They decided to do something about it.
Matt and Sam presented the idea of starting a recycling programme to the school leaders. Then they worked with the Student Council. They prepared brochures (手册) to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling. They stated in the brochure that recycling helps to keep our planet healthy. The school bought colored containers (容器) for each classroom. Each room received a blue container for paper and a green container for glass and cans. They also received a red container for real rubbish.
Within a short time, each classroom in the school was sorting recyclable materials from rubbish before it was thrown. Matt and Sam decided to weigh the rubbish one more time. They wanted to check the school's progress. They collected the rubbish from the red containers from the same six classrooms as before. They sorted the rubbish into three groups again and weighed each group. This time, they were pleased to find that the red containers were filled with 90%waste that should be thrown away. Only 10% of recyclable materials had been thrown into the red containers. Matt and Sam were pleased with their school's effort at reducing waste on our planet.
4．By doing an experiment, Matt and Sam wanted to find out ________.
A．what things could be reused B．what recyclable materials could be saved
C．how much waste the three R's could save D．how much waste their school produced a day
5．What did Matt and Sam do in the recycling programme?
A．They made a speech on recycling. B．They wrote a report to the school leaders.
C．They bought colored containers for each classroom. D．They helped students and their families know about recycling.
6．Which word can best describe Matt and Sam?
A．Responsible. B．Friendly. C．Independent. D．Confident.

（2020·北京东城·统考一模）
We see logos on signs, buildings, television, and even on the clothes we wear. Logos are used to stand for brands (品牌). There are logos such as the Nike "swoosh", the Apple logo and the colorful rings of the Olympic Games. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to the logo. However, research performed at the University of California, Los Angeles finds that remembering the details of logos is very difficult. The researchers try to explain this.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize. Yet the frequent exposure (频繁接触) to these logos can actually make our brains overlook the details of logos. It would be challenging to try to remember every single thing that crosses our path. We take in so much information every day that the brain works to notice information that does not need to be stored. It allows the unimportant information to disappear gradually from our memory.
The details of product logos are just the kind of information our brains tell us we do not need. This may be discouraging to logo designers and to companies that use these eye-catching logos. But there are still many business experts who believe in the importance of a recognizable logo.
Even though the brain is likely to pay no attention to unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we see logos over and over again, we become familiar (熟悉) with them. This repeated exposure leads our brains to remember the basic idea without all of the details. This general sense of memory has its own benefits. It can make us feel like we really know the product behind the logo. In fact, familiarity with a logo can even make people feel more comfortable about buying or using certain products.
Logos are everywhere we look today. Those people who create logos need to know that people will only remember what they believe is important. A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details.
7．In the first paragraph, the writer mainly ________.
A．introduces some famous brands B．describes the design of some logos
C．shows the popularity of famous brands D．explains the purpose of designing logos
8．The word "overlook" in Paragraph 2 probably means "________".
A．try to remember B．see the importance of C．take no notice of D．fail to understand
9．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Business experts think the details of logos are unnecessary.
B．Our brains can choose which logos to notice and remember.
C．The repeated exposure to a logo can lead people to buy the product.
D．People know more about the products behind logos with more details.
10．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．What Makes a Good Logo? B．What Can We See in a Logo?
C．Why Is a Good Logo Important? D．Why Should Logos Be Recognizable?

（2020·北京东城·统考一模）The students are quieting down in their seats. The teacher begins to give lessons. Then she asks a question for the class to answer, and the students all react in separate ways.
Each student is special with different strengths and weaknesses. Because of this fact, different students learn differently. While some may learn by quickly answering the teacher's question, speaking up with ease and comfort, others may learn just as well by listening to their classmates and teacher speak. These students should not be punished for learning the way they do, but when teachers grade class participation (参与), that is exactly what they are doing.
According to a survey carried out by Bonnie M. Miller, a professor at University of Massachusetts Boston, 60%of her students believe that grading participation does not encourage them to participate more in class. They feel more comfortable expressing their thoughts if they know what they say will not be given a number later on.
Some other students believe that when class participation is graded, teachers are awarding outgoing students while punishing shy ones. Grading class participation sends the message that shy students are not good students. It makes them feel like they should be outgoing, loud, and able to learn by talking, which makes them feel uncomfortable.
In my experience with classes where class participation was graded, I felt difficult to do well. For example, instead of being able to fully focus on what my teacher and classmates said, my mind would race with the things that I could possibly share in the class discussion. Either I would be too slow in raising my hand, or feel too nervous to lift it at all. Imagining my falling grades, wishing that I could somehow be a more outgoing person, suddenly my thoughts would be interrupted by the sound of my classmates getting up to leave, and I would realize that I learned nearly nothing that class.
What's more, by focusing on the students who talk the most in class, teachers fail to award students who may be good listeners-a skill that is as important as being able to talk in front of a group of people.
Teachers can increase class participation by providing different ways of grading participation that are acceptable to different personalities and learning ways. For example, they can give students opportunities to write their ideas.
Most importantly, teachers should create classrooms where students want to learn.
11．According to the passage, in a class where participation is graded, ________.
A．most students are likely to act actively
B．some students feel stressed to be who they are
C．students are forced to listen to their classmates
D．students are encouraged to learn the way they prefer
12．The writer talks about his own experience in Paragraph 5 to explain ________.
A．why students care much about grades
B．why listening is as important as speaking up
C．how grading participation influences learning process
D．how students feel when preparing for speaking up in class3
13．What's the writer's main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To remind teachers of the importance of grading properly in class.
B．To tell students the effect their personalities have on learning.
C．To encourage teachers to keep students active in class.
D．To provide students with ways to participate in class.

（2020·北京东城·统考二模）Thinking about going camping? You might want to try one of these campsites!
Le Val de Cantobre,Aveyron(France)
France's number-one campsite is in the Grands Causses Regional Park. There's a swimming pool, a river and a pizza restaurant all on-site. The scenery around the park is beautiful and great for walking. A day here will cost you about €45.
Three Cliffs Bay, Gower（Wales)
The Three Cliffs Bay is in a beautiful part of the country, and it won't cost you much either: a tent（帐篷）is about €28 a day. There's a shop and some restaurants nearby. You can water-ski from the beach, or go walking along the Gower Way.
Playa Montroig Camping Resort, Tarragonna（Spain)
This Spanish campsite is great for a family trip, with prices starting from about €20 a night. You'll be able to enjoy the beach by day, and learn about historic Tarragonna in the evenings. The site has restaurants and also offers lots of activities for adults and children.
Four Seasons Tented Camp, Golden Triangle(Thailand)
This must be one of the most expensive campsites in the world. Instead of tents, there are" canvas cabins"（帆布小屋）. Plus, there's a nice restaurant, a spa and a pool. There are only 15 cabins so you'll have to book early. You can only reach the camp by river boat, but once there you can learn to ride an elephant. One night here will cost you about €50!
Have fun and we hope it doesn't rain!
14．At Le Val de Cantobre, people can ______________________.
A．enjoy the beach B．live in canvas cabins
C．walk in a beautiful park D．learn about historic Tarragonna
15．How much does a tent at Three Cliffs Bay cost a day?
A．About €20. B．About €28. C．About €45. D．About €50.
16．Which campsite can only be reached by river boat?
A．Three Cliffs Bay. B．Le Val de Cantobre.
C．Four Seasons Tented Camp. D．Playa Montroig Camping Resort.

（2020·北京东城·统考二模）Dean felt his arms and legs were burning. With each breath, Dean wondered if he should be done, but as he touched the wall at the end of the pool he turned for another lap (圈). "I can do one more. This is for Kevin,” Dean told himself. He was starting his seventh lap.

Dean and the other members of his swim team were swimming to raise money for Dean's best friend, Kevin Hawking. Earlier in the year, Kevin fell ill. He needed expensive medical care that his family couldn't afford. After Kevin's friends learned what was happening, they started brainstorming ways to help. Several of Kevin's friends were on the swim team, which led to the idea of swimming.
For a month, Dean and the other swim team members had asked for pledges（承诺）from anyone who would help: family members, friends, and neighbours. Most people pledged a dollar or two each lap. Dean's grandmother said she would offer $ 10 for each lap Dean swam!
Finally, as Dean completed his tenth lap, he knew he was too tired to keep going. If I try another lap. I'll end up lying in the middle of the pool, waiting for someone to come and get me, he thought. Dean pulled himself up onto the edge of the pool and sat breathing quickly for a couple of minutes, quietly resting before he tried to stand.
Dean's father came over and said, "Wow, Dean," shaking his head in amazement, "I am so proud of you. That's farther than anyone else has swum today, and I know it's farther than you've ever swum before."
Dean stood up and slowly walked with his father back to the seats where the other swimmers sat next to Kevin. "Thank you," Kevin said.
"It's no big deal. I know you'd do the same for me," Dean said.
17．Dean and his swim team members swam to _____________.
A．see how far they could swim B．raise money for a sick boy
C．get ready for a competition D．have a swimming lesson
18．How many laps did Dean complete?
A．Seven. B．Eight. C．Ten. D．Eleven.
19．Dean's father was proud of him because____________________.
A．Dean won the first prize B．Dean made a good friend
C．Dean swam faster than before D．Dean tried as hard as he could

（2020·北京东城·统考二模）Art and science may seem like polar opposites. One involves the creative ideas, and the other cold, hard numbers — or some people believe so. In fact, both require a lot of creativity. People also use both to better understand the world around us. Now, a study finds art also can help students remember better what they have learned in science class.
Mariale Hardiman is an education expert at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md. Back when she was a school headmaster, she had noticed students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their lessons had involved art. To test whether and how well art might really improve learning, Hardiman teamed up with other researchers and six local schools.
The researchers created art-focused versions （版本）of traditional science lessons. In a traditional science classroom, students might read aloud from a book. In the art-focused class, they might sing the information instead. Each student in the experiment had both an art-focused class and a traditional one.
Before and after each period of the experiment, students took tests. They took a third one 10 weeks later. This one tested how well they still remembered what they learned two months earlier. The team also looked at each student's performance in a reading test. This let them compare how art and non-art classrooms influenced students with different learning abilities.
Students who read at or above their grade level did just as well in both types of classes. Those who had lower reading abilities got much more of the science if it had been taught in an art-focused class.
Hardiman says some kids actually performed best in the third test months later. And classroom teachers reported “many students continued to sing the songs they learned in an art-focused class after finishing the unit. "
Students who started in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class. But those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional class. "Some continued to draw or sing to help them remember information, Hardiman notes. "This suggests that the arts may help students use creative ways of learning on their own. ”
Everyone benefits from the arts, Hardiman agrees. "All educators should learn how to use the arts as an instructional tool to improve learning. "
20．Paragraph 2 mainly introduces ___________________.
A．the background of the experiment B．the researchers of the experiment
C．the conclusion of the experiment D．the design of the experiment
21．By studying the students’ reading performance, the researchers found_____________.
A．art had little influence on students' reading abilities
B．the students with good reading abilities performed better in art
C．the students who were good at science had better reading abilities
D．art helped the students with lower reading abilities learn science better
22．Students who started in an art-focused class still did well in a traditional class probably because _________________________.
A．they had mastered creative ways to learn
B．the art-focused class helped improve their memory
C．the art-focused class taught them how to learn on their own
D．they continued to sing the songs they learned in the art-focused class

（2020·北京东城·统考二模）I'm a big fan of awful first drafts （草稿）. All of my writing starts with a bad first draft with grammatical mistakes and half-finished sentences. No one else sees those drafts. I tear up （撕毁）that awful first draft and start again — and that's when things start to click. That's when sentences become complete, when ideas make sense, and when the real work gets done.
Too often, when it comes to self-improvement, we create idealized plans with unnatural rules. We suppose that we will stick to our plans. Monday might be leg day in the gym, but if your kid falls off the bike and needs stitches （缝针）,your carefully made eight-week exercise plan isn't going to get a look.
Every plan starts off like an awful first draft. You make stupid mistakes, things you thought were a great idea turn out to be dead ends, and at the end you just need to start again.
When a plan fails, the solution （解决办法）isn't to give it up and try a new one next time. It's to build on what worked, cut what didn't and start straight away on a much-improved second draft. Trying to run three miles every day while eating nothing but vegetables might be a terrible idea—but running a few days a week isn't.
The benefit of an awful first draft is to use it to get everything down on the page. It doesn't matter whether you think it's good or bad, you're trying out different things to find out what works and, more importantly, what doesn't. You have to read over your first draft and make changes to write the second. The second draft is where you build on the strong points and cut the weak ones.
Sara loved running outside but hated the indoor strength training in her fitness program. How could she make changes to write the second draft? She looked back and saw which part she found fun and easy to stick with and which went wrong. By building on what worked for her, she slowly developed a health plan she could stick with.
If your second draft doesn't work out quite as planned, you tear it up and write a third. And, if needed, a fourth. But if you build on what's good and cut the rest, finally you will have something that works.
23．The underlined word "click" in Paragraph 1 means "_________________".
A．to become clear B．to run out of control
C．to get connected D．to get much more difficult
24．What can we learn from the passage?
A．People should make plans with strict rules.
B．The first plan is valuable although it often fails.
C．Things will go well if the plans are carefully made.
D．Giving up the first plan helps to get an improved one.
25．What might Sara do in her second plan according to the passage?
A．She only ran a few days a week.
B．She started an indoor fitness program.
C．She ran outside and took an outdoor strength training class.
D．She ran three miles every day while eating only vegetables.
26．What's the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To offer advice on how to stick to a plan.
B．To stress the importance of writing a draft.
C．To explain why making plans is like writing.
D．To tell how to develop an achievable final plan.

（2021·北京东城·统考一模）Many young people write about their hometown heroes who made a big influence on them during the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病). Let’s read what they have written.
My hometown hero is my older brother, Jack. He always wants to help. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he volunteered his time at the hospital. He went to visit our grandma to make sure she was okay. He also made care packages for families in the community.
My mom does everything she can to help our family and other people. She made masks (口罩) for hospital workers. It took her five days to make them all. On April 14, 2020, she went to the hospital to give blood. And she also gave money to the Pet Society to help dogs, cats and other animals.
My parents are my heroes because they delivered mails and packages during the COVID-19 pandemic. They walked several miles a day and helped many people. There were some medicines and things people couldn’t get at stores in the packages.
My hometown hero is my mother. She works in a supermarket. She not only took good care of me, but also helped with my schoolwork. She thought it was her duty to keep me safe and my life normal during this pandemic. And she made it.

27．Who is William’s hometown hero?A．His brother. B．His grandma. C．His mother. D．His father.
28．What did Addie’s mom do during the COVID-19 pandemic?
A．She bought medicines for others. B．She gave money to help people.
C．She gave blood at the hospital. D．She took care of her grandma.
29．Grace thinks her mom is ________.
A．a responsible parent B．a hardworking worker C．a skilled teacher D．a helpful volunteer

（2021·北京东城·统考一模）
School tests can be stressful. But they might also encourage you to help change the world. Three girls, Kristen, Jenna and Marisa from New York, learned about a growing problem from a reading test they took. The problem is e-waste, short for electronic waste. The girls learned some dangerous chemicals (化学品) in e-waste can harm the environment and people.
Later in the year, they had to come up with an idea for a science project. They remembered the interesting topic from their test. So the girls started a recycling drive to help other students and the community learn about properly recycling e-waste. They called themselves the E-Waste Girls.
“In our town, people recycle paper, plastic and glass, but not electronics. What can we do?” asked Marisa.
“How about asking our friends if they know how to recycle e-waste?” suggested Jenna.
The girls asked their friends, and nobody had heard anything about it. Many of their teachers didn’t know either. So they taught everyone, including their teachers, to learn about properly recycling e-waste. Then they put recycling boxes in the school hall and asked the students to collect old cell phones, radios and other items. When the boxes were full, they sent them to a special recycling center. The recyclers took out the dangerous chemicals and disposed (处理) of them properly, so that they don’t go into the air or the ground or the water.
One big way people can help reduce e-waste is by buying smartly. So the girls strongly suggested considering electronics made with” fewer dangerous chemicals and choosing electronics that will last several years.
The girls’ project also helped them become finalists in the We Can Change the World Challenge, a national student, competition. The E-Waste Girls see a bright future in which projects like theirs will not be needed any more.
30．How did the E-Waste Girls first learn about e-waste?
A．A friend told them about it. B．Recyclers taught them about it.
C．They read about it in a reading test. D．A teacher talked about it in a science class.
31．Why did the E-Waste Girls start a recycling drive?
A．To set up a recycling center in the town. B．To take part in a national student competition.
C．To encourage people to buy electronics smartly. D．To teach people how to properly recycle e-waste.
32．The E-Waste Girls’ story mainly tells us that ________.
A．recycling e-waste is really difficult B．students can help to change the world
C．students should do more science projects D．competitions bring students a bright future

（2021·北京东城·统考一模）Do you have trouble remembering things you’ve read? Scientists at RMIT University in Australia have come up with a new font (字体) that can help you remember—by making words harder to read.
Fonts are used to make letters look a certain way on computers or in books. If you’re writing a report, you can give a different look to the words in your report by choosing a different font. For example, you can make them look like they might look in a book, or you can make them look like handwriting.
Scientists have discovered that people often remembered things better if it was a little bit harder for them to read. The scientists learned that if you are reading words that are difficult to recognize, your brain has to work a little bit harder to make sense of the words that your eyes are seeing. This extra work helps your brain remember the ideas better.
Sans Forgetica
Now scientists at RMIT in Australia have taken this idea and created a font just for remembering things. I he font, called “Sans Forgetica”, is a little bit harder to read, on purpose.The name of the font is a joke of sorts, “Sans” means “without”. When it’s used for fonts, “Sans” usually describes a font with simple lines. “Forgetica” sounds like the famous font “Helvetica”. But taken together, the name “Sans Forgetica” means “Without Forgetting”.
There are two main things that make the font harder to read and easier to remember. Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps (缺口) in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them. This makes readers slow down and pay attention to what they read.
The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words written in italics—letters that slant toward the right. Stephen Banham, who helped create Sans Forgetica says, “Backslants are only used in maps to show the position (位置) of rivers.”
33．Why was Sans Forgetica created?
A．To help people recognize difficult words. B．To help students practice handwriting.
C．To help students write special reports. D．To help people remember things.
34．What idea have the scientists taken to create Sans Forgetica?
A．Reading words with more letters exercises brains.
B．The font with simple lines helps people read quickly.
C．Working hard to recognize words improves memory.
D．People like to read things that are a little hard for them.
35．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Letters in Sans Forgetica font slant toward the right.
B．Letters that slant toward the left are uncommonly used.
C．Gaps in letters make people interested in what they read.
D．The brain pays no attention to the gaps in Sans Forgetica font.

（2021·北京东城·统考一模）
We’ve all felt confused before. The feeling of not knowing what the answers or solutions are can make us feel useless, stupid, and cause us to worry.
People are often likely to think the person who has all of the answers is smarter than the one who asks a lot of questions. As a result, people often try to hide their confusion in different ways. People sometimes act as if they have the answers. At other times, people make guesses or create an answer even if they know it isn’t right.
But confusion might actually be a good thing. When we jump to an answer, we don’t have time to explore (探索) the thing we’re confused about. Instead of paying no attention to your confusion, accepting it and taking the opportunity to think about what’s confusing can benefit our learning. In fact, scientific studies show that confusion actually leads to deeper understanding. A 2004 study explored six moods that people feel while learning, including upset, bored, and confused. They found that students who spent more of the lesson confused learned the most. In another study, scientists tried to confuse students by giving them contradicting (矛盾的) information. Students who expressed confusion during the lesson did better on the final test. Not knowing the answer to a problem gives us space to look at different ways to solve it. The feeling of confusion also encourages us to look more deeply into the problem. In the end, this helps us understand the topic on a deeper level.
Confusion is also important for learning your identity (身份). People find out their identity in two steps. The first step is exploration, where you try out different groups and values and see what fits. The next step is commitment, when you decide firmly (坚定地) about some parts of your identity. You make up your mind that you will act in a way that fits your identity. Exploring your identity can feel very confusing. But a study found, that people who do the most exploring about who they are have better outcomes such as higher self- confidence and self-esteem (自尊) later in life.
So, instead of trying to hide your confusion, try a new method, ask for help, or research different ways to deal with the problem to work through your confusion.
36．Why does a person try to hide his confusion?
A．Because he wants others to make good judgement on him.
B．Because he has good ability to guess and create an answer.
C．Because hiding his confusion helps him work out a solution.
D．Because telling others his confusion will make them confused.
37．What is the finding of the studies in Paragraph 3?
A．Good understanding leads to less confusion.
B．Confusion can have helpful effect on learning.
C．Digging deeply into a problem may cause confusion.
D．Confusion prevents the development of self-confidence.
38．The word “commitment” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．promise B．imagination C．challenge D．argument
39．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To call on readers to study confusion on a deeper level.
B．To tell readers about the research results on confusion.
C．To explain to readers it’s normal to feel confused.
D．To encourage readers to clear up their confusion.

（2021·北京东城·统考二模）Our magazine is asking students to nominate (推荐) their teachers for Teacher of the Week! Here are four nominated teachers.

Name: Mrs. Corcoran
School: Boxgrove Primary School, Surrey
I love Mrs. Corcoran’s teaching style! If we don’t understand something, she will explain it again in a different way. This makes us feel confident to try our best. She once said, “When you listen to others, they will listen to you.” This helps the class to respect each other.—George

Name: Ms. Tymkin
School: Hunter Magnet Elementary
Ms. Tymkin is nice to all her students. She makes everyone feel special. She is also a national coach ambassador (大使) for Girls on the Run and she uses that platform to help many girls in her community become strong and successful. I will always remember the influence she had on my life!—Josie

Name: Mr. McHale
School: Cascadia Elementary
Mr. McHale is super funny. He keeps us happy by telling jokes and playing the guitar. He is always willing to help anywhere-at school, on the playground, and on the computer. He is my favorite teacher so far. Plus, he has a really cute dog.—Ashlynn

Name: Mr. Bass
School: Sky View Elementary
Mr. Bass teaches social studies. He never fails to recognize students who are putting in hard work every day. As long as you are working hard, your grade will show that. For remote (远程的) learning, he gives us great activities to do that require deep research.—Abbey

40．Who nominated Mrs. Corcoran for Teacher of the Week?A．Ashlynn. B．George. C．Josie. D．Abbey.
41．What is Ms. Tymkin like?
A．Kind. B．Funny. C．Patient. D．Smart.
42．Mr. McHale was nominated for Teacher of the Week because ________.
A．he coaches his students in running
B．he values the students who study hard
C．he guides his students to respect each other
D．he is helpful and often keeps his students happy

（2021·北京东城·统考二模）
Kellan was coaching one of the beginning soccer teams-the Falcons. It was their first practice.
“Angela, you’re supposed to be guarding the net!” Kellan called out.
“But I’m making a flower chain for you,” the girl replied.
A few moments later, Angela ran off the field to present Kellan with her gift. Angela’s teammate Jason, meanwhile, was following the slow-movement of a caterpillar (毛毛虫)in the middle of the field, while another player, Rory, was playing in a near-by pond of rainwater.
After the practice, Kellan felt really tired, as if she had run a marathon. When she arrived home, Kellan threw herself on the couch and thought carefully about the practice. The players ran in a hundred different directions. They didn’t recognize each other’s strengths and had no idea how to work together. As she touched the flower chain still hanging around her neck, an idea slowly started taking shape in her mind.
The next day, Kellan called for her players to gather around and took out a picture. The picture showed the loops of a big chain, and each loop had a team member’s name as well as a talent written on it.
“This picture shows one way each person can help our team,” Kellan began explaining. “For example, Rory has fast speed, and Jason has sharp eyes for watching the ball.” Kellan noticed how everyone in the group slowly changed, sitting up taller and smiling as she mentioned their names and skills.
“What will happen if one loop is missing?” asked Kellan.
“The chain will fall apart, and it won’t be a chain anymore,” Angela replied.
“Exactly!” Kellan said. “In order to be a team, we need everyone to work together, like loops in a chain. It won’t be easy, but I want every person to try.”
Her players still struggled with their practice, but, for the first time, they tried to help each other. It was a start. Kellan felt a sense of satisfaction as she waved good-bye to her team at the end of the practice.
43．What was Angela doing when Kellan first coached the Falcons?
A．She was guarding the net. B．She was playing with water.
C．She was making a flower chain. D．She was watching a caterpillar.
44．Why did the players slowly change as Kellan mentioned their names and skills?
A．Because everyone realized their own importance.
B．Because they wanted to share their thoughts.
C．Because they knew they would have big fun.
D．Because everyone did well in the practice.
45．By showing the picture of a chain, Kellan wanted the kids to understand ________.
A．the value of winning B．the purpose of practice
C．the importance of trying D．the power of teamwork

（2021·北京东城·统考二模）Kyle Pahigian is a 10th-grade math teacher. In her class, writing is often used as a learning strategy (策略). Instead of telling her students what a polygon(多边形)is, for example, she will show them a set of polygons and a set of non-polygons, and ask them, “What differences do you see?”  Students write down their answers, and then join groups to compare them. “It’s really interesting for me to read what they’ve written. It gives me a window into my students’ thinking,” she said.
A recent study shows writing is such a beneficial activity not just in subjects like history and English, but across all subjects. Professor Steve Graham examined 56 studies looking at the benefits of writing in science, social studies, and math and found that writing improved learning across all grade levels. While teachers commonly ask students to write about a topic in order to assess (评价) how well they understand the material, the process of writing also improves students’ ability to recall information, make connections between different ideas, and synthesize (合成) information in new ways.
Information is quickly forgotten if it’s not reinforced, and writing helps to strengthen students’ memories of the material they’re learning. Writing also encourages students to process information at a deeper level. “Putting thoughts on paper encourages students to assess different ideas, weigh the importance of each one and consider the order they should be presented in,” Graham writes. By doing so, students may make new connections between ideas, ones they may not have made at the beginning.
Students often believe that they understand a topic, but if they’re asked to write it down and explain it, gaps in their understanding may be shown. One effective writing strategy that Graham found was metacognitive prompting (元认知提示), in which students are asked not only to recall information but also to use what they have learned in different situations. For example, instead of simply reading about ecosystems (生态系统) in a textbook, students can write about their own effect on ecosystem by examining how much rubbish their household produces.
Many teachers of different subjects have tried using writing in their classes. Would you like to join them?
46．Why does Kyle Pahigian use writing in her class?
A．To make her class interesting.
B．To stress the importance of writing.
C．To see her students’ thinking process.
D．To help her students find answers quickly.
47．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Why writing is effective in improving learning.
B．Why writing is necessary for assessing learning.
C．How students process information at a deeper level.
D．How students make new connections between ideas.
48．Why does the writer give an example in Paragraph 4?
A．To show students prefer writing to reading.
B．To show students like to write about their own life.
C．To explain metacognitive prompting is a good writing strategy.
D．To explain using knowledge in different situations is important.

（2021·北京东城·统考二模）
“One day my kid didn’t know how to use a can opener. I told her we couldn’t eat anything until she found out how to use it.” John Roderick shared this story about himself and his 9-year-old daughter recently. It took his daughter six hours to open the can. Though his daughter shouted “I hate you”, Roderick didn’t help. Roderick said this sink-or-swim method would let his daughter learn to care for herself.
Too often, it seems that parents are either very strict with kids or endlessly rescuing(救援)them. But there’s a middle ground. Parents can keep a close connection with their kids while also encouraging them to be capable(有能力的)and independent.
Patrick Ishizuka, a researcher from Cornell University, reports that some parents these days are fans of “intensive parenting” which is seen as an opportunity to undertake a middle road in parenting. In intensive parenting, “parents are expected to sign children up for extracurricular(课外的)activities, take part in children’s play at home, reason with children, ask questions and encourage children to express their opinions,” said Patrick Ishizuka.
Raising capable kids is a long, gradual process in which parents’ willingness to be deeply involved in their kids is really important. However, it isn’t hurriedly rushing through a list of life skills before our high-schoolers head off to college, but rather, it’s building the skills and confidence that enable our kids to take on the challenges they are going to face.
When our goal is guiding children toward capability and confidence, it’s helpful to think of childhood as an apprenticeship(学徒期). “Little by little, with care and guidance, we hand our children life and its problems, challenges and satisfactions,” wrote Rudolf Dreikurs in Happy Children：A Challenge to Parents. Instead of doing almost everything for kids or leaving kids to deal with a difficult situation alone, apprenticeship parents continually balance challenge and support for kids. Rather than just changing batteries(电池)for them, we show them how to use the tool and let them have a try. We only step in if our children need a hand. We accept that mistakes are part of the process, and give children more responsibility-while coaching kids through the emotional ups and downs of this growth work. In this way, we patiently help kids grow toward the confidence to do things on their own.
49．John Roderick didn’t help his daughter open the can because ________.
A．he expected her to be patient
B．he wanted her to solve the problem alone
C．his daughter insisted on doing it by herself
D．his daughter had a heated argument with him
50．What does “intensive parenting” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Parents allow their kids to grow naturally.
B．Parents help kids balance their study and play.
C．Parents are deeply involved in their kids' lives.
D．Parents try to encourage their kids to be independent.
51．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．kids must experience ups and downs to grow up
B．kids need to learn lots of life skills before college
C．parents should avoid making mistakes when raising kids
D．parents should guide kids through challenges when necessary
52．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Giving Kids Encouragement or Responsibility?
B．Apprenticeship Method-a Proper Way to Raise Kids
C．Sink-or-Swim Method-a Helpful Way to Make Kids Capable
D．Rescuing Kids Anytime or Leaving Kids Alone to Solve Problems?

（2022·北京东城·统考一模）Kids can make a difference to the world. Here are stories about four amazing kids.

Cash Daniels, 12, clears rubbish from local rivers. 25 kids often join him for the clean-ups. They have collected over 11,000 pounds of rubbish from the rivers. Cash also runs a recycling program to collect cans from businesses. So far, he has recycled over 2,000 pounds of them.

Orion Jean, 11, started to do good deeds to others after winning the National Kindness Speech Competition in 2020. He organizes events to provide food, toys and books for people in need. He has collected over 500,000 books for kids, and over 100,000 meals for local families.

Lino Marrero, 14, invented the Kinetic Kickz 2. 0. It’s something that fits into the sole（鞋底）of a shoe. It collects wasted energy from walking. Then people can use it to power up mobile phones. Lino encourages others to come up with ideas for inventions while solving everyday problems.

Samirah Horton, 13, is known as DJ Annie Red. She started to perform when she was 6. Through her music, she helps kids of all ages to stand up to bullying（欺凌）. She also reads her book The Bully Stop to kids. It’s based on her song No, You Won’t Bully Me.

53．Who helps clean up local rivers?A．Cash Daniels. B．Orion Jean. C．Lino Marrero. D．Samirah Horton.
54．How many books has Orion Jean collected for kids?
A．Over 2,000. B．Over 11,000. C．Over 100,000. D．Over 500,000.
55．What does Lino Marrero encourage others to do?
A．Help people in need. B．Invent new things.
C．Join recycling programs. D．Stand up to bullying.

（2022·北京东城·统考一模）Emma Dreams Big
It was warm outside. Emma was looking through the window and thinking of riding her horse Star after school.
“Emma! Could you please turn in your homework?” Mrs. James called her.
“I don’t have my homework with me, Emma turned back and said.” I forgot to put it in my schoolbag after I did it.
“Emma, you’re such a smart girl, but you’re always daydreaming. I may have to talk with your parents, ”Mrs. James said. “Now, class, clear your desks. Let’s welcome our guest, Doctor Landon. He is a vet and he came here today as part of our Career Explorations（职业探索）program.”
Doctor Landon talked about how important grades were and how he tried hard with math when he was a kid. But Emma didn’t listen carefully until a word caught her attention. Horse.
“On most days of a week, I travel across the county to take care of horses. It is a lot of work, but I love it.
Emma’s mouth fell open. “What a life that is, she thought. At that moment, Emma could see her future. She was going to be a vet and take care of horses too!
After school, Emma made new plans. She would spend an hour studying math before riding Star. She also decided to spend half an hour every night studying science even if she didn’t have any homework. Doctor Landon said those were important subjects to study if you wanted to be a vet.
When Emma walked into the house, she told her parents about her new plans. They were both surprised. “I had a talk with her last week. I told her she needed to work harder if she wanted to get into a good college. I guess she is taking my advice, ”her dad said to her mom.
Emma smiled. She didn’t remember what her dad said. Maybe she would tell them about her dream tomorrow.
56．What was the problem with Emma?
A．She wasn’t very clever. B．She was always daydreaming.
C．She didn’t understand her teacher. D．She often forgot to do her homework.
57．Emma was interested in Doctor Landon’s ________.
A．work as a vet B．grades at school C．advice on study D．travelling experiences
58．Why did Emma make new plans?
A．She had a lot of homework to do.
B．She wanted to get into a good college.
C．She realized she must study hard for her dream.
D．She was afraid Mrs. James would talk to her parents.

（2022·北京东城·统考一模）Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect. Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying. But why does teaching help?
Researchers led by Aloysius Wei Lun Koh did a study to test their idea that teaching improves the teacher’s learning because it forces the teacher to retrieve（检索）what they’ve learned. In other words, they believe that bringing to mind what we’ve learned leads to deeper and longer-lasting acquisition（获得）of that information than spending more time re-studying.
The researchers asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them. They told the students they could take notes while studying, but would teach the material afterwards without notes. After studying the text, the students were divided into four groups. In one group the students spent five minutes delivering a lesson on the study material without notes. The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic（算术）problems, teaching with a script（讲稿）or writing down all they could remember from the text-a form of retrieval practice. A week later, all the students returned to the lab for a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.
The important finding is that the teaching-without-notes group and the retrieval-practice group outperformed the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script. In fact,the performance of the teaching-without-notes group and the retrieval-practice group was comparable.
The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by retrieval practice; that is, the learning-by-teaching method works only when the teaching involves retrieving the taught materials.
The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning-by-teaching method is used in education. In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material, they should internalize（内化）the material before presenting it to others, rather than depend on notes during the presentation process.
59．Why did the researchers do the study?
A．To compare different methods of learning.
B．To test whether teaching can improve learning.
C．To find out the reason why people like teaching.
D．To check the reason for learning-by-teaching effect.
60．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．how long the study lasted B．who took part in the study
C．what result the study showed D．how the study was performed
61．What can we learn from the study?
A．Teaching with a script is the best way of learning.
B．Teaching benefits learning because of retrieval practice.
C．Solving arithmetic problems is harder than doing other tasks.
D．Presenting with notes can help students remember a material.

（2022·北京东城·统考一模）Technology has done our world wonders: from development in medicine, travel, communication, to our day-to-day lives. It has undoubtedly changed the way our society works, and how we communicate with one another and ourselves. However, by completely welcoming technology as a part of everyday life, are we losing our ability to create?
Technology presents a new platform for creativity to exist(存在)on. Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life in the physical world. We have the necessary tools for greater possibilities and new solutions. For example, businesses now have the opportunity to improve themselves more creatively through websites, film advertisements,social media or radio.
However, when we look more closely, it’s easy to notice some disadvantages. For example, many of us depend so heavily on automated calculations(自动计算)nowadays, rather than taking the time to work it out for ourselves. Another obvious situation is that a lot of people are spending too much time on screens. As a result, they are reducing the opportunities to come up with their own creations.
Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity? I think so. It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology. The first way is to reduce our usage of digital devices(数字设备)by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them,turning off the notifications(通知)on your phone, or putting your phone on “Do Not Disturb”. Once you become used to these, you will feel surprised how little you think about your phone.
Another wonderful way is to take daily walks in the nature. It can help you reset, rebalance, and keep going. In the long run, a daily walk can not only influence our creativity and imagination but further our physical and mental(思想的)health. We can also develop our creativity by doing yoga, keeping a journal, or reading.
The key to the survival(生存)of our creativity starts with us. Will you put your phone away when spending time with friends? Will you try to find happiness and purpose outside of a screen? The actions you choose to take will help change the relationship between creativity and technology for the better.
62．Why does the writer talk about businesses in Paragraph 2?
A．To stress the importance of creativity.
B．To suggest good ways to develop technology.
C．To show the effect that technology has on creativity.
D．To explain the relationship between business and creativity.
63．The word “deterred”in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．examined B．controlled C．replaced D．prevented
64．The writer probably agrees that ________.
A．limiting the usage of our phones can help us develop creativity
B．spending time on screens is the easiest way to keep people happy
C．turning off the notifications on the phone will make people worried
D．a daily walk does more good to physical health than to mental health
65．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Technology: How Does It Help Develop Creativity?
B．Creativity in a World of Technology: Does It Exist?
C．Technology and Creativity: Which Is More Important?
D．Technology and Creativity: How Do They Influence Each Other?

（2022·北京东城·统考二模）Do you get pocket money from your parents or do you work to make money? Do you spend it or save it? Let’s check out how four teenagers in Britain get money and do with it.

Ruth, 13
My parents give me £10 a week. I get it on Saturday after I wash my father’s car. I keep most of the money in my piggy bank at home. I’m saving up for a new pair of football shoes. Now, I’m close to my goal.

Sam, 15
My parents don’t give me pocket money. I make £20 every week by working in a store from 3 pm to 5 pm on Sunday. I spend about half of the money on my books, clothes and food, and then save the rest for my next holiday.

Jana, 16
I get pocket money from my parents. They give me £60 every month, but I have to help with housework, like doing dishes and taking out the rubbish. I can use the money to buy food and gifts for my parents on holidays.

David, 17
I look after young children for my neighbours from 9 am to 3 pm every Saturday. I make £100 every month. The work is very tiring, but I enjoy being with children and I need this job to save money for my university education.

66．Who makes £20 every week?A．Ruth. B．Sam. C．Jana. D．David.
67．What does Jana do to get money?
A．Work in a store. B．Help with housework.
C．Wash her father's car. D．Look after young children.
68．Why does David save money?
A．For food and gifts. B．For new football shoes.
C．For his next holiday. D．For his university education.

（2022·北京东城·统考二模）Fourteen-year-old Akram used to spend a boring hour waiting at a bus stop after school each day. Teachers were preparing for the next day in the classrooms, but students weren’t allowed in. Akram thought it was such a waste of time although he could play on his phone, so he decided to change things. He wanted to stay at school and do his favorite hobby—art.
One day, he asked the head teacher if students could do something in the school after classes. “If you find out what is needed, I will help you,” the head teacher set him a challenge.
Over the next week, Akram talked to all the students who waited after school and other students, too. He asked them what they would like to do in that hour. Many students said they wanted after-school clubs for things like chess, basketball, art and reading.
When Akram arrived at the head teacher’s office, there was another student, Holly, waiting there. The head teacher told them that they both had the same idea, so she wanted them to work together. She gave them some problems to solve.
“You need to find the people who will be responsible for the clubs and who will pay for any equipment（设备）,” said the head teacher. “Also, you need to talk to the cleaning team to make sure that they can clean up after you leave.”
Akram and Holly talked about their idea and problems at the next Parents’ Association meeting. They also did the same thing to their teachers and the cleaning team.
Several days later, a teacher told them that he could organize trainee（实习生）teachers to be responsible for the clubs. The Parents’ Association decided to raise money to pay for equipment like chess boards and baskets. The cleaners agreed that they could clean the classrooms after the hour was finished.
Now the school has some exciting after-school clubs. Akram and Holly enjoyed the experience very much.
69．What did Akram want to do after school?
A．Play on his phone. B．Go home and do his homework.
C．Do his hobby at school. D．Help his teachers do something.
70．Who are responsible for the clubs?
A．Some students. B．Some parents.
C．Some trainee teachers. D．Some cleaners.
71．Akram and Holly enjoyed the experience because ________.
A．their parents and teachers praised them
B．the other students were thankful to them
C．they could talk to the head teacher directly
D．they solved some problems through their efforts

（2022·北京东城·统考二模）Background knowledge is the knowledge a person has about the world when he or she starts to read a text. It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading. Put simply, the more you know about a topic, the easier it is for you to read a text, understand it, and remember the information.
To understand this, here are two points. First, background knowledge enables readers to choose between different meanings of words. For example, if you read the word “operation” in a sports article, you might think about a sportsperson with a serious injury（伤）. But if you read the word in a math text, you’d think about a mathematical process. Second, understanding a text requires readers to fill missing information and make inferences. To do this, readers need to have some basic knowledge about the topic.
Students get background knowledge both through personal experiences and by learning in the classroom. Then how can teachers help students build background knowledge? Here are some suggestions.
Begin by teaching words in categories（类别）. For example, teachers can try something as simple as this: “Apples, bananas, strawberries, mangoes. They are a type of...（fruit）. Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.
________. Reading builds knowledge, but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics. Teachers can try a different way: encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.
Use multimedia（多媒体）. Direct experiences are the most effective ways to build knowledge. There is nothing more exciting for students than learning through direct experiences, such as field trips and other activities. Although multimedia cannot replace real-life experiences, it can often provide a lot of information that we could only wish to experience firsthand. It can also introduce children to important words and concepts.
Background knowledge is important in a student’s ability to fully understand a text. Teachers’ efforts can help students become stronger thinkers and life-long readers and learners.
72．The writer talks about the word “operation” in Paragraph 2 to explain________.
A．what background knowledge is
B．why background knowledge is important
C．when people need background knowledge
D．how people develop background knowledge
73．Which of the following would be the best topic sentence for Paragraph 5?
A．Make wide reading interesting.
B．Introduce different topics to students.
C．Encourage topic-centered wide reading.
D．Help students find their favourite books.
74．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Vocabulary is the greatest difficulty in understanding a text.
B．Making inferences has little connection with background knowledge.
C．Multimedia is more useful than direct experiences in building knowledge.
D．Developing vocabulary and concepts can help build background knowledge.

（2022·北京东城·统考二模）In America, an increasing number of middle and high schools now require students to serve a certain number of community service hours before they can graduate. And some parents ask their children to do volunteer work year round even if it’s not mandatory（强制性的）at school. Volunteering has important benefits, such as learning new skills and developing responsibility. However, some people question whether community service is worthwhile if students are forced to take part.
Some people say that many teenagers’ schedules（日常安排）are filled with homework and after-school programs, and forcing them to do other activities will make them stressed out. “Adding community service to teenagers’ already crowded schedules makes it feel like an unpleasant and boring task,” says Ellison O’Grady, 15, a student from Bay Head, New Jersey. Other people say that mandatory service will lead students to believe that they should only help others when they receive an immediate benefit in return, and finally discourage them from volunteering later in life.
Teenagers who volunteer are more likely to do better in school and are less likely to get involved in risky behaviors, studies show. They also get social skills and work experience that can pay off later in life. However, if many busy teenagers are given a choice, they would simply skip voluntary service. That’s why requiring community service is important, supporters say. In addition, there is little proof to support that mandatory community service weakens young people’ s motivation（动机）to join in future service. In fact, studies show that mandatory service is connected with strong wish to take part in future volunteering.
As a high school student in New York, Bellamy Richardson, now 18, had to do 75 hours of community service before graduation. At first, she was worried how she could find that much time. But to her surprise, she not only met the service requirement sooner than she’d expected, but also learned a lot, and found that she loved volunteering. Bellamy is now glad that her service wasn’t by choice. “Requiring community service would give other people the chance I had,” she said.
So ask yourself: Would you volunteer if it weren’t mandatory? Could the benefits of volunteering make it worthwhile no matter how teenagers get involved? I suppose community service is something that should be encouraged even if it is just a duty at the beginning.
75．Some people are against mandatory community service because________.
A．it has bad effect on students study
B．it makes students worried and bored
C．students fall short in their abilities to do it
D．students get little immediate benefit from it
76．The word “skip” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.
A．give up performing B．get interested in
C．have difficulty in doing D．enjoy benefits from
77．What can we learn from the example of Bellamy Richardson?
A．Students take part in community service because of strong love.
B．Some students don’t have the chances to offer community service.
C．Mandatory service makes students lose wish to volunteer in the future.
D．It’s possible and beneficial for students to meet schools service requirement.
78．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To express support for mandatory community service.
B．To stress the importance of balancing volunteer work and study.
C．To discuss the influence of volunteer work on students future life.
D．To remind people of the disadvantages of mandatory community service.


二、阅读回答问题
（2020·北京东城·统考一模）Keep Calm and Carry On

Stuart Manley and his wife, Mary, run a second-hand bookshop called Barter Books in Alnwick, Northumberland. In2000, they bought a box of old books. When Stuart got them back to the shop, he discovered a poster at the bottom of the box. The poster read "Keep Calm and Carry On". Neither Stuart nor Mary knew anything about the history of the poster, but they liked it so much that they decided to hang the poster in their bookshop.
At the start of World War Ⅱ, the British government designed three posters and the Keep Calm poster was one of them. Two of the three posters were released (展示) in public in order to encourage the British people. Although nearly 2.5 million copies of the Keep Calm poster had been printed, the British government decided not to release them. In 1940, most of the copies were recycled into other paper products. Only a few were left.
The poster started its second life when Manley's poster began attracting the attention of customers in his shop. He printed copies of the poster to sell. Soon other companies began to sell products with the slogan (标语). It appeared on everything from mugs to shopping bags.
The reasons for the popularity of this rediscovered poster aren't hard to understand. Shortly after the poster made its appearance in 2000, a worldwide economic (经济的) downturn began. People were in need of something to raise their spirits. The saying "Keep Calm and Carry On" seems to be the perfect slogan to bring courage and hope to people. Besides the encouraging message, the simple design of the poster helped lead to its popularity.
Today the now-famous wartime slogan has been rewritten in many fun ways. Some people have created phrases like "Keep Calm and Dance On", "Keep Calm and Call Mom" or "Keep Calm and Eat a Cupcake". The slogan has become part of popular culture. The explanations of the slogan are often lighthearted, but it is important to remember its purpose when it was first designed.
79．Where did Stuart discover the poster?
_____________________
80．Did Stuart know anything about the history of the poster when it was discovered?
_____________________
81．When was the poster first designed?
_____________________
82．Why did the poster become popular?
_____________________
83．Please rewrite the Keep Calm slogan to encourage your classmates before an important exam.
_____________________

（2020·北京东城·统考二模）International Mother Language Day
A language is much more than just a way of communicating, Language, and especially our mother language, is an important part of our culture. There are about 6, 500 languages in the world, but did you know that a language disappears and dies every two weeks?
In 1999, a special day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world was created: International Mother Language Day, It is on 21 February. The idea for this special day came from Bangladesh, a country in South Asia, and 21 February is also the day when Bangladeshis mark the day that the Bangla language was officially （官方）accepted. Bangladeshis celebrate the day by holding competitions and singing songs.
Every year, UNESCO （联合国教科文组织）chooses a different theme （主题） and holds different events. For example, in 2005, there was a focus on Braille and sign languages, and in 2017, a focus on how multilingual （多语言的） education could help the world to have a better future. Many countries have also set up special projects to mark this day. For example, in 2014, the Indian government provided digital （数字的）learning materials for schools and colleges in the 22 most widely spoken Indian languages. It is said that there are around 750 languages in India, and, sadly, that around 250 more languages have been lost in the last 50 years.
The Director General of UNESCO, Audrey Azouley, pointed out in a recent speech on International Mother Language Day that mother languages "shape millions of developing young minds”. She believes that children learn best in their mother language, and that it is important that children should have this opportunity. Around the world, 40% of the population can't be able to learn in a language they can understand or speak.
At least 43% of all languages are at risk, and fewer than 100 of the world's languages are used in the digital world. Most Internet communication is in one of the following languages: English, Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, Portuguese, Indonesian, Malayan, Japanese, Russian and German. But everyone has the right to use their own mother language, and to keep the memories, traditions and ways of thinking that their language represents. And this is what International Mother Language Day is all about.
84．Why was International Mother Language Day created?
_______________________________________________________
85．When is International Mother Language Day?
_______________________________________________________
86．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
_______________________________________________________
87．In what language do children learn best according to Audrey Azouley?
_______________________________________________________
88．List two problems that the languages in the world are facing.
_______________________________________________________

（2021·北京东城·统考一模）
Our brains change in many ways as we grow. In September 2020, scientists published(发表) a study about one change that happens. It shows that as we grow, our brain processes words differently. The study was led by Elissa Newport, a doctor who studies and treats the brain at Georgetown University Medical Center.
The brain is an organ (器官) in the body. It controls how the body works. It also controls how we think and use our senses. It is divided into a right half and a left half. They are called hemispheres. The two hemispheres connect in the middle to send messages to each other.
The study found that children have speech centers on both sides of their brains. Young children and teens use both sides of their brains to understand language. As we become adults, the brain only uses the left side for this task. This happens slowly over time. It starts around the time we learn to talk. It finishes when we are about 19 years old.
Today’s scientists have high-tech tools that can measure (测量) the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of them. It can collect images (图像) of blood flow in the brain. Scientists can study healthy, working brains with it. They can see when a part of the brain is active, or turned on. It shows up as a set of colors in an image.
In Newport’s study, 39 children and 14 adults tried to understand sentences. The team used fMRI to watch their brains. Each fMRI scan took many pictures of the brain. There were patches (斑块) of color in each picture. This showed which parts of the brain were getting the most blood. This was a sign that they were turned on and active.
For the youngest kids, both sides of the brain became active when understanding sentences. The pictures showed many patches of color. By age 19,no activity showed up on the right side.
Other scientists are doing research too. They are studying brain areas that process vision and memory. Newport hopes to combine (结合) her study results with work by those scientists to get a more “complete map” of how brains work.
89．What does the study that was published in 2020 show?
_________________________
90．What does the brain do as an organ?
_________________________
91．According to Newport’s study, from what age do people only use the left side of their brains to understand language?
_________________________
92．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?
_________________________
93．Why does Newport hope to combine her study results with others’ work?
_________________________

（2021·北京东城·统考二模）Do You Feel Like You Belong?
Have you ever been unsure about a situation and looked around the room to see what other students were doing? You might have decided to “go with the crowd” and hide your real feelings or wants. The reason is the natural need to belong and fit in.
A sense of belonging means that people feel accepted, included, or a part of something else. Belonging feels good, but we probably won’t realize this until we miss it. Not belonging can be related to feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.
If you feel like you do not belong, you are not alone. When some researchers asked students if they recently felt like they belonged at their schools, 29% of them said they didn’t feel that way. Feeling no sense of belonging is one of our common emotions and there is nothing wrong with it.
When students feel that they belong, they are more likely to get good grades and perform well in school. A feeling of belonging also positively affects students’ ability to perform daily activities and interact(互动)with people around them. It helps you develop positive attitudes toward learning, improves well-being, and improves your confidence in your ability to do well in school. Additionally, a high sense of belonging is related to less bad behavior in school and more positive social relationships.
Building strong and healthy relationships with people in your life will help create a sense of belonging. Young people who feel supported by their friends are more likely to feel like they belong at school. When young people feel liked and cared for by teachers, they are more likely to report feelings of school belonging. Young people with parents who have positive conversations with their kids about school have also been found to feel high levels of school belonging.
Interestingly, you can help with your own sense of belonging as well! Young people who can deal with challenges and stress, have good mental health, see a purpose and value in learning, have a good study habit, feel like they belong at school.
Creating a culture of belonging is something that everyone has a role in.
94．What is a sense of belonging?
_______________________________________________________
95．If a person doesn’t have a sense of belonging, what feelings might he or she have?
_______________________________________________________
96．Is it normal for people to feel they don’t belong?
_______________________________________________________
97．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
_______________________________________________________
98．Who can help young people to belong at school?
_______________________________________________________

（2022·北京东城·统考一模）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
On March 2, 2022, world leaders at the 5th meeting of the United Nations Environment Assembly （UNEA）reached a historic agreement to solve the problems of plastic. They agreed that by 2024, they would create and sign a new treaty （条约）on plastics. The new treaty would create international laws that could help bring plastic waste under control.
Because plastic is useful for so many purposes, it has become a part of nearly all areas of our lives. It’s hard to look anywhere without things made of plastic. It’s reported that now 400 million tons of plastic is produced every year. By 2040, the number is expected to double. Although there’s a lot of talk about recycling, only 9% of all the plastic ever created has been recycled.
Almost all kinds of plastic are made from some kind of oil. It gives off dangerous gases（气体）when it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried（掩埋）in the ground. Scientists say plastics are responsible for 4.5% of the world’s greenhouse gases.
Plastic doesn’t break down like natural materials, such as wood. Instead, it just breaks into smaller and smaller pieces, and finally tiny bits of plastic called microplastics. In recent years, microplastics have been found almost everywhere, from the North Pole to Antarctica, from the top of the Earth’s tallest mountain to the deepest point in the sea. They’ve even been found in the bodies of animals including humans.
The treaty is expected to cover the whole plastic “life cycle”, including making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of （处理）it. The treaty will also cover how to deal with microplastics in the oceans, on land, and in the things we eat. It is expected to lay out rules to get rid of single-use plastics as well.
Deciding on the specific rules and goals that will go in the treaty will probably be difficult. The treaty is likely to require all countries to take their own steps to meet the treaty’s goals, and offer poorer countries money to help them meet the goals.
99．How much plastic is produced every year now?
____________________________________________
100．When does plastic give off dangerous gases?
____________________________________________
101．What does plastic finally become when it breaks down?
____________________________________________
102．What does the whole plastic “life cycle”include?
____________________________________________
103．What do you think of the idea of creating the new treaty on plastics? Why do you think so?
____________________________________________

（2022·北京东城·统考二模）阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Spreading Happiness
Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss are art teachers in a primary school. They thought their students might have the magic words that could bring calm to people in difficult times, so they created a project called “Pep Toc” with their students. The project had two parts—one was setting up a hotline, and the other was making encouraging posters. The two teachers had the same basic question for all the students: “What could you say to help or encourage someone else?”
Students working on the hotline thought of what they would like to say. Then Ms. Martin recorded each one, and sorted out（分类）the recordings into different parts of the telephone hotline. When people call the hotline, they can hear happy voices of children of different ages sharing positive（积极的）messages. For example, pressing 1 brings ideas for people who are “feeling mad or nervous”. Helpful suggestions include: “listen to music”, or “go and get a cookie”. Pressing 2 results in “words of encouragement and life advice”. This includes messages like: “The world is a better place with you in it.” and “You are okay!” By pressing 3, you can hear a group of children saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, don’t give up!”
Other students made encouraging posters and hung them up around the town. Many posters had strips of paper. When people passed by, they could tear off（撕掉）the strips and take with them. For example, one poster said “If you are mad, think of positive thoughts, and had strips reminding people to “Be happy”.

Ms. Martin thought the project would only attract interest from people near the school. But in its first six weeks, the hotline got 5 million calls from around the world. It has become very popular with stressed adults, patients in hospitals, and others who just want to hear the happy voices of children. For Martin and Weiss, the project shows students that small acts can have a big influence. “If you have an idea, just try to do it and see what happens,” Weiss says. Students now know that they have amazing power. They’re already thinking about new messages to record for the Pep Toc Hotline.
104．Who created the project “Pep Toc”?
_________________________________
105．What are the two parts of the project?
_________________________________
106．How did Ms. Martin and the students set up the hotline?
_________________________________
107．What could people do when they passed by the posters?
_________________________________
108．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
_________________________________


参考答案：
1．A    2．A    3．D

【分析】本文主要介绍了四本关于太空旅行的书。
1．细节理解题。根据“Montgolfier brothers were making hot air balloons. In October 1783, they became the first people to experience controlled flight.”可知，蒙哥尔费兄弟是体验控制飞行的第一人，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三本书To Space& Back的介绍“Sally Ride became the first American woman in space in 1983.”可知，如果对女性宇航员的太空生活很感兴趣，要看To Space& Back这本书，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“She helped make the historic Apollo 11 moon landing possible and made sure that Apollo 13 returned home safely when the mission (任务) was in danger.” 她使具有历史意义的阿波罗11号登月变得可能，并且当任务处于危险之中时，确保阿波罗13号安全回家。结合选项可知，故选D。
4．C    5．D    6．A

【分析】这是一篇关于废物利用的说明文，主要讲述了人们可以减少、再利用或回收废物，为了搞清楚这三种方式到底能节省多少，马特和萨姆做一个将垃圾分类的实验，最终得出结论：每天至少84%的垃圾可以回收或再利用，以及回收有助于环保。
4．细节理解题。根据“Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment. They wanted to see exactly how much waste the three R's could save.”可知，他们做这个实验是为了搞清楚三个R可以节省多少废物，故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据“They prepared brochures (手册) to send home to tell the students and their families about recycling.”可知，他们准备宣传册并寄回家告诉学生们和他们的家人关于回收的知识，故选D。
6．推理判断题。马特和萨姆做的实验是为了搞清楚三个R可以节省多少废物，以及回收有助于环保。从这里可以看出他们是有责任心的人，故选A。
7．D    8．C    9．C    10．B

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述logo的简单易懂的设计能帮助我们记住与商标相关的产品或服务，但是其详细的细节我们却很容易忽视。
7．细节理解题。根据“All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to the logo.” 所有这些标志都是为了吸引我们的注意而设计的。它们还能帮助我们记住与商标相关的产品或服务。可知，第一段主要讲的是设计商标的目的，故选D。
8．词义猜测题。根据“We take in so much information every day that the brain works to notice information that does not need to be stored. It allows the unimportant information to disappear gradually from our memory.” 我们每天吸收了如此多的信息，以至于大脑工作来注意那些不需要存储的信息。它让不重要的信息逐渐从我们的记忆中消失。可推断，overlook这里的意思是“忽略”的意思，故答案为C。
9．细节理解题。根据“But there are still many business experts who believe in the importance of a recognizable logo.” 但是仍然有许多商业专家相信一个可识别的标志的重要性，可知A选项“商业专家认为logo的细节是不必要的”的说法是错误的；根据“This repeated exposure leads our brains to remember the basic idea without all of the details.” 这种反复的接触会让我们的大脑记住基本的想法，而不是所有的细节，可知B选项“我们的大脑可以选择注意和记住哪些商标”的说法是错误的；根据“A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details.” 巧妙的设计可能很有趣，但大多数人会忘记细节，可知D选项“人们对商标背后的产品了解得越多，越详细”的说法是错误的，用排除法，故选C。
10．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述logo的简单易懂的设计能帮助我们记住与商标相关的产品或服务，但是其详细的细节我们却很容易忽视，也就是说我们可以从logo里看到什么，故选B。
11．B    12．C    13．A

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲了课堂的评分制度对学生的影响，以及学生们的看法，并结合自己的亲身感受说明了教师通过为不同个性和学习方式的学生提供不同的参与评分方式来提高课堂参与度的重要性。
11．细节理解题。根据“Grading class participation sends the message that shy students are not good students. It makes them feel like they should be outgoing, loud, and able to learn by talking, which makes them feel uncomfortable.” 评分课堂参与度传达出这样一种信息:害羞的学生不是好学生。这让他们觉得他们应该是外向的，大声的，能够通过说话学习，这让他们感到不舒服。可知，评分课堂使一些学生对做自己感到压力，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“Either I would be too slow in raising my hand, or feel too nervous to lift it at all. Imagining my falling grades, wishing that I could somehow be a more outgoing person, suddenly my thoughts would be interrupted by the sound of my classmates getting up to leave, and I would realize that I learned nearly nothing that class.”可知，在这样的课堂上，自己举手慢，紧张不敢举手却又一直想怎么得分，最终被其他学生抢答而最终什么也没学到，结合选项，C选项中“参与评分如何影响学习过程”符合题意，故选C。
13．观点态度题。根据“Teachers can increase class participation by providing different ways of grading participation that are acceptable to different personalities and learning ways.” 教师可以通过为不同个性和学习方式的学生提供不同的参与评分方式来提高课堂参与度。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提醒老师在课堂上合理评分的重要性。故选A。
14．C    15．B    16．C

【分析】本文为一篇应用文，主要是几个野营地点的广告。这些野营地点在法国、威尔士、西班牙和泰国。
14．细节理解题。根据文章内容“The scenery around the park is beautiful and great for walking.”可知，在那里，你可以去公园散步，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据文章内容“a tent（帐篷）is about €28 a day.”可知，一天€28, 故选B。
16．细节理解题。根据文章内容“You can only reach the camp by river boat,”可知，是Four Seasons Tented Camp, 故选C。
17．B    18．C    19．D

【分析】本文为记叙文，讲述一群人为了一个朋友筹钱治病，这群人最终想到用游泳的方式来筹钱。他们让家人，伙伴和邻居都参与筹钱活动。在此次活动中，迪恩比平时游得都快，这使他爸爸很骄傲。
17．细节理解题。根据文章内容“Earlier in the year, Kevin fell ill. He needed expensive medical care that his family couldn't afford…. which led to the idea of swimming.”可知，他们游泳是为了给一个朋友筹钱治病，故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文章内容“Finally, as Dean completed his tenth lap, he knew he was too tired to keep going.”可知，最终迪恩游了10圈。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章内容“"I am so proud of you. That's farther than anyone else has swum today, and I know it's farther than you've ever swum before."”可知，因为迪恩尽了最大的努力，故选D。
20．A    21．D    22．A

【分析】本文为一篇说明文，艺术和科学都具有创造性，研究者通过实验告诉我们，艺术的学习还有助于科学的学习。
20．细节理解题。根据“To test whether and how well art might really improve learning, Hardiman teamed up with other researchers and six local schools.”可知，第二段主要讲述了为什么要做这个实验，即实验的背景知识，故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据文章内容“This suggests that the arts may help students use creative ways of learning on their own.”可知，艺术可以帮助学生使用有创造力的方式去学习。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据文章内容“Some continued to draw or sing to help them remember information,”可知，那些学生继续用艺术上的方式去帮助记忆信息，即他们已经掌握了一些有创造力的学习方法。故选A。
23．A    24．B    25．C    26．D

【分析】本文主要讲述了做任何事，最初的想法是很重要的，只要在初稿上进行修改、加工、打磨等等工序后，一定会把事情做好。
23．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中“I tear up （撕毁）that awful first draft and start again”“我撕掉了那个糟糕的初稿，然后重新开始”和“That's when sentences become complete, when ideas make sense, and when the real work gets done.”“那就是在当句子变得完整时，当想法变得有意义时，当真正的工作完成时。”可知，事情往好的方面发展。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第三段的理解可知，一个计划失败了，但它也是有价值的。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Sara loved running outside but hated the indoor strength training in her fitness program.”“萨拉喜欢在外面跑步，但讨厌健身项目中的室内力量训练。”可知，她应该参加户外培训班。故选C。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了做任何事，最初的想法是很重要的，只要在初稿上进行修改、加工、打磨等等工序后，一定会把事情做好。也就是告诉你如何制定一个可实现的最终计划。故选D。
27．A    28．C    29．A

【分析】本文介绍了William、Addie、Vincent和Grace在COVID-19疫情期间他们的家乡的英雄。
27．细节理解题。根据“William，My hometown hero is my older brother, Jack. ”可知，William的家乡英雄是他的哥哥Jack，故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据“On April 14, 2020, she went to the hospital to give blood.”可知，Addie的妈妈在COVID-19疫情期间去医院献血。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据“She thought it was her duty to keep me safe and my life normal during this pandemic. And she made it.”可知，Grace认为她妈妈在COVID-19疫情期间，尽到了她的职责，保证了她的安全和正常生活，因此认为她是一位有责任心的父母，故选A。
30．C    31．D    32．B

【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了来自纽约的三个女孩了解到电子垃圾中的一些危险化学物质会危害环境和人类，因此她们开始了一项回收运动，以帮助其他学生和社区学习如何正确回收电子垃圾的故事。
30．细节理解题。根据“learned about a growing problem from a reading test they took. The problem is e-waste, short for electronic waste.”可知，女孩们一开始是从她们参加的一项阅读测试中知道了电子垃圾的，故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据“So the girls started a recycling drive to help other students and the community learn about properly recycling e-waste.”可知，“电子垃圾女孩”发起一项回收运动，是为了帮助其他学生和社区学习如何正确回收电子垃圾，故选D。
32．主旨大意题。根据“School tests can be stressful. But they might also encourage you to help change the world.”以及“The E-Waste Girls see a bright future in which projects like theirs will not be needed any more.”结合文章内容，可知“电子垃圾女孩”发起的这个项目，帮助人们改变了世界，由此可知B选项符合题意，故选B。
33．D    34．C    35．B

【分析】文章介绍了澳大利亚皇家墨尔本理工学院的科学家们发明了一种新字体，通过让单词更难读来帮助记忆，以及介绍了这种字体的有关情况。
33．细节理解题。根据“Scientists at RMIT University in Australia have come up with a new font (字体) that can help you remember—by making words harder to read.”可知，发明这种新的字体是为了帮助记忆。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据“Scientists have discovered that people often remembered things better if it was a little bit harder for them to read…This extra work helps your brain remember the ideas better.”可知，如果你在读难以识别的单词，你的大脑就必须更加努力地工作，才能理解你眼睛看到的单词。这些额外的工作可以帮助你的大脑更好地记住这些想法。也就是只有通过努力的识别单词提高记忆力，再由“Probably the most obvious one is that all of the letters have gaps (缺口) in them. When the letters have these gaps, the brain has to fill in the gaps to recognize them.”可知，大脑必须通过填补这些字母上的缺口才能识别它们，由此来加深记忆，C选项“努力识别单词可以提高记忆力”符合题意。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据“The other surprising thing about Sans Forgetica is it slants (倾斜) backwards. You may be used to seeing words written in italics—letters that slant toward the right. Stephen Banham, who helped create Sans Forgetica says, “Backslants are only used in maps to show the position (位置) of rivers.” ”可知，这种字体是与普通的斜体字不同，它是向后倾斜的，即向左倾斜，并且只在地图上用来显示河流的位置。说明这种字母不常被使用，故选B。
36．A    37．B    38．A    39．D

【分析】文章阐述了心存疑虑的益处。
36．细节理解题。根据“People are often likely to think the person who has all of the answers is smarter than the one who asks a lot of questions. As a result, people often try to hide their confusion in, different ways. People sometimes act as if they have the answers. At other times, people make guesses or create an answer even if they know it isn’t right.”可知，人们往往会认为拥有所有答案的人比问很多问题的人更聪明。因此，人们常常试图用不同的方式来掩饰自己的困惑，因此他们掩盖自己的困惑是希望别人对他做出正面的判断，让别人认为他们是聪明的。故选A。
37．推理判断题。根据“In fact, scientific studies show that confusion actually leads to deeper understanding…Students who expressed confusion during the lesson did better on the final test.”可知，科学研究表明困惑实际上会导致更深的理解，在课堂上表达困惑的学生在期末考试中表现得更好。由此可知，困惑对学习有帮助。故选B。
38．词义猜测题。根据“when you decide firmly (坚定地) about some parts of your identity. You make up your mind that you will act in a way that fits your identity.”可知，当你坚定地决定你身份的某些部分时。你下定决心要以符合自己身份的方式行事。及对自己某些部分做出承诺后，要以某种对应的方式来行事，所以单词“commitment”指的是“承诺”，故选A。
39．主旨大意题。根据“So, instead of trying to hide your confusion, try a new method, ask for help, or research different ways to deal with the problem to work through your confusion.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是鼓励人们与其试图掩盖困惑，不如尝试一种新方法，寻求帮助，或者研究不同的方法来处理问题，从而克服困惑。故选D。
40．B    41．A    42．D

【分析】本文是学生们推荐了四位他们认为很优秀的老师的基本情况。
40．细节理解题。根据“Name: Mrs. Corcoran…George”可知，是George推荐的，故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据“Ms. Tymkin is nice to all her students”可知，Tymkin老师对学生们很好，故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“He keeps us happy by telling jokes and playing the guitar”及“He is always willing to help anywhere”可知，因为他乐于助人，经常让学生开心，故选D。
43．C    44．A    45．D

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Kellan在开始训练足球队时，发现大家配合得不好，经过Kellan的教导，他们意识到团队需要每个人一起努力，要互相帮助。
43．细节理解题。根据“But I’m making a flower chain for you”可知，Angela正在做花环，故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据“This picture shows one way each person can help our team… Kellan noticed how everyone in the group slowly changed, sitting up taller and smiling as she mentioned their names and skills.”可知，当Kellan提到每个球员的名字和长处时，每个人都意识到自己的重要性，所以球员们慢慢地改变了。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据“In order to be a team, we need everyone to work together, like loops in a chain. It won’t be easy, but I want every person to try.”可知，Kellan通过展示锁链的图片，希望孩子们了解团队合作的力量。故选D。
46．C    47．A    48．C

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍写作在学习和日常生活中的好处。
46．细节理解题。根据“It’s really interesting for me to read what they’ve written. It gives me a window into my students’ thinking”可知，Kyle Pahigian认为在课上使用写作可以看到她的学生的思维过程。故选C。
47．段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍写作对提高学习是有效的原因，故选A。
48．推理判断题。根据“One effective writing strategy that Graham found was metacognitive prompting (元认知提示), in which students are asked not only to recall information but also to use what they have learned in different situations.”可知，Graham发现的一个有效的写作策略是元认知提示，在这种方法中，学生不仅要回忆信息，而且要在不同的情况下使用他们所学到的知识。故选C。
49．B    50．C    51．D    52．B

【分析】本文主要给我们讲述了如何培养孩子，特别是学徒期父母要引导孩子走向能力和自信，而不是为孩子们做几乎所有的事情，或让孩子们独自面对困难的处境，父母只有在孩子需要帮助的时候才会介入。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段“Roderick said this sink-or-swim method would let his daughter learn to care for herself.”可知，约翰·罗德里克没有帮女儿打开罐头，因为他想让女儿独自解决问题，故选B。
50．词义猜测题。根据第三段“parents are expected to sign children up for extracurricular activities, take part in children’s play at home, reason with children, ask questions and encourage children to express their opinions”以及“…gradual process in which parents’ willingness to be deeply involved in their kids is really important. ”可推测，“intensive parenting”是指父母要对孩子的生活很关心，并愿意深入地参与，故选C。
51．细节理解题。根据最后一段“ Instead of doing almost everything for kids or leaving kids to deal with a difficult situation alone, apprenticeship parents continually balance challenge and support for kids… We only step in if our children need a hand.”可知，必要时，父母应该引导孩子们克服挑战，故选D。
52．最佳标题题。本文给我们介绍了一个培养孩子的方法，就是做好学徒期父母，所以选项B“Apprenticeship Method-a Proper Way to Raise Kids”最符合文章大意，故选B。
53．A    54．D    55．B

【导语】本文主要介绍了四个对世界产生影响的孩子。
53．细节理解题。根据“Cash Daniels, 12, clears rubbish from local rivers”可知Cash Daniels帮助清理河流。故选A。
54．细节理解题。根据“He has collected over 500,000 books for kids”可知他为孩子收集了50多万本书。故选D。
55．细节理解题。根据“Lino encourages others to come up with ideas for inventions”可知他鼓励其他孩子有发明创意。故选B。
56．B    57．A    58．C

【导语】本文主要讲述了Emma想要成为一名兽医，为此她刻苦努力学习。
56．细节理解题。根据“Emma, you’re such a smart girl, but you’re always daydreaming.”可知，Emma总是白日做梦，故选B。
57．细节理解题。根据“What a life that is, she thought. At that moment, Emma could see her future. She was going to be a vet and take care of horses too!”可知，Emma对兽医工作感兴趣，故选A。
58．推理判断题。根据“Doctor Landon said those were important subjects to study if you wanted to be a vet.”可知，Emmay意识到要想实现她的梦想，就必须努力学习，故选C。
59．D    60．D    61．B

【导语】本文主要通过实验证明了教学为什么有帮助。
59．细节理解题。根据“Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect. ”和“But why does teaching help?”可知，此项研究是为了检查“教与学”效果的原因，故选D。
60．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，主要讲述了研究是如何开展的，故选D。
61．推理判断题。根据“The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by retrieval practice”可知，教学得益于检索实践，故选B。
62．C    63．D    64．A    65．B

【导语】本文主要讲述了技术会不会阻碍我们的创造力，作者就此提出了自己的一些建议与看法。
62．推理判断题。根据“Through technology, ideas can be set free and come to life in the physical world.”可知，通过技术，思想可以得到解放，并在现实世界中变得有生命，可见强调了技术对创造力的影响，故选C。
63．词句猜测题。根据“Is there a way to find a balance between technology and human creativity?”和“It is simply a matter of making sure that creativity is not deterred by technology.”可知，在技术和人类创造力之间找到平衡，确保创造力不被技术阻止，因此“deterred”意为“prevented”，故选D。
64．细节理解题。根据“The first way is to reduce our usage of digital devices（数字设备）by setting limits on when, where, and how long we use them,turning off the notifications（通知）on your phone, or putting your phone on “Do Not Disturb”. ”可知，限制手机的使用可以帮助我们发展创造力，故选A。
65．最佳标题题。根据“However, by completely welcoming technology as a part of everyday life, are we losing our ability to create?”可知，本文主要讲述了技术会不会阻碍我们的创造力，选项“Creativity in a World of Technology: Does It Exist?”符合句意，故选B。
66．B    67．B    68．D

【导语】本文主要介绍来自英国的四个青少儿如何获得零花钱并如何支配零花钱。
66．细节理解题。根据“Sam, 15”和“I make £20 every week by working in a store from 3 pm to 5 pm on Sunday.”可知，萨姆每周赚得20英镑。故选B。
67．细节理解题。根据“They give me £60 every month, but I have to help with housework, like doing dishes and taking out the rubbish.”可知，亚娜通过做家务来获得零花钱。故选B。
68．细节理解题。根据“...and I need this job to save money for my university education.”可知，大卫为了读大学而攒钱。故选D。
69．C    70．C    71．D

【导语】本文主要讲述了Akram和Holly为了在学校做自己的爱好，他们克服了很多问题，终于在学校开设了自己喜欢的俱乐部。
69．细节理解题。根据“He wanted to stay at school and do his favorite hobby”可知他想留在学校做他最喜欢的爱好。故选C。
70．细节理解题。根据“he could organize trainee（实习生）teachers to be responsible for the clubs”可知实习教师对俱乐部负责。故选C。
71．推理判断题。根据“Now the school has some exciting after-school clubs. Akram and Holly enjoyed the experience very much”以及上文内容可知学校里有很多俱乐部，他们非常喜欢这个经历，因为他们通过自己的努力解决了一些创建俱乐部遇到的问题。故选D。
72．B    73．C    74．D

【导语】本文主要讲述了背景知识在阅读中起着重要的作用，并针对“教师如何帮助学生建立背景知识”这一问题提出了几点建议。
72．推理判断题。根据“It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading.”及第二段“To understand this, here are two points. ”可知，第二段主要是在解释为什么背景知识很重要，所以作者举这个例子是为了说明这一点。故选B。
73．推理判断题。根据“but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics..... encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.”可知，本段主要是介绍鼓励孩子尽可能多地阅读自己感兴趣的同一主题的书籍，C项“鼓励以主题为中心的广泛阅读”最适合作为主题句。故选C。
74．细节理解题。根据“Begin by teaching words in categories”和“Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.”可知，增加词汇量，发展概念可以帮助建立背景知识。故选D。
75．B    76．A    77．D    78．A

【导语】本文主要讲述了在美国，越来越多的初中和高中现在要求学生在毕业前服务一定时间的社区服务；社区服务带来的益处以及作者的观点。
75．细节理解题。根据“Some people say that many teenagers’ schedules（日常安排）are filled with homework and after-school programs, and forcing them to do other activities will make them stressed out. “Adding community service to teenagers’ already crowded schedules makes it feel like an unpleasant and boring task”可知，在青少年已经很拥挤的时间表上增加社区服务会让人觉得不愉快和无聊，而且让他们压力大；故选B。
76．词句猜测题。根据“However, if many busy teenagers are given a choice, they would simply skip voluntary service.”可知，让许多忙碌的青少年选择，青少年会跳过志愿服务；因此“skip”意为“give up performing”；故选A。
77．推理判断题。根据“But to her surprise, she not only met the service requirement sooner than she’d expected, but also learned a lot, and found that she loved volunteering.”可知，Bellamy Richardson比预期更快地达到了服务要求，而且学到了很多东西；由此可见对学生来说，满足学校的服务需求是可能的，也是有益的；故选D。
78．推理判断题。根据“I suppose community service is something that should be encouraged even if it is just a duty at the beginning.”可知，作者认为社区服务应该被鼓励，即使它只是一种责任；因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了对强制性社区服务表示支持；故选A。
79．At the bottom of a box of old books.    80．No, he didn't.    81．At the start of World War Ⅱ.    82．Because of its encouraging message and its simple design.    83．Keep Calm and You Can Do It.（答案不唯一，合理即可）

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。“Keep Calm and Carry On”是英国常见的印在海报上的信息，它来源于二战，是二战中英国政府用这句话来鼓励人们保持镇定勇敢作战的。
79．根据“they bought a box of old books”和“ he discovered a poster at the bottom of the box.”可知，他在盒子的底部发现了一张海报，故答案为At the bottom of a box of old books.
80．根据“Neither Stuart nor Mary knew anything about the history of the poster”可知，斯图尔特和玛丽都不知道海报的历史，故答案为No, he didn't.
81．根据“At the start of World War Ⅱ, the British government designed three posters and the Keep Calm poster was one of them.”可知，海报首次被设计是在二战初，故答案为At the start of World War Ⅱ.
82．根据“Besides the encouraging message, the simple design of the poster helped lead to its popularity.” 除了要传达鼓舞人心的讯息外，这张海报简洁的设计也让它广受欢迎，可知，海报流行的原因在于它简单的设计和鼓舞人心的信息。故答案为Because of its encouraging message and its simple design.
83．此题为开放性题，学生们可自由发挥。因为是为重要的考试写的标语，所以是为学生加油打气的，故答案为Keep Calm and You Can Do It.（答案不唯一，合理即可）
84．To celebrate and protect all the languages of the world.    85．It is on 21 February.    86．Different themes and different events about International Mother Language Day.    87．Their mother language.    88．(1) A language disappears and dies every two weeks
(2) At least 43% of all languages are at risk, and fewer than 100 of the world's languages are used in the digital world.

【分析】本文主要讲述了设立国际母语日保护世界上所有的语言。
84．根据文章第二段第一句“In 1999, a special day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world was created: International Mother Language Day,”可知，设立母语日的目的是为了庆祝和保护世界所有语言的特别日。故填To celebrate and protect all the languages of the world。
85．根据文章第二段第一句“In 1999, a special day to celebrate and protect all the languages of the world was created: International Mother Language Day, It is on 21 February.”可知，母语日是2月21号。故填It is on 21 February。
86．根据第三段首句“Every year, UNESCO （联合国教科文组织）chooses a different theme （主题） and holds different events.”可知，本段主要介绍了每一年的主题和活动。故填Different themes and different events about International Mother Language Day。
87．根据第四段中“The Director General of UNESCO, Audrey Azouley, pointed out in a recent speech on International Mother Language Day that mother languages "shape millions of developing young minds”.”可知，应该填Their mother language。
88．根据文章第一段和最后一段可知，语言的现状出现了两个问题。故填：(1) A language disappears and dies every two weeks. (2) At least 43% of all languages are at risk, and fewer than 100 of the world's languages are used in the digital world.
89．As we grow, our brain processes words differently.    90．It controls how the body works, how we think and use our senses.    91．19 years old.    92．How Newport’s study was carried out.    93．To know more about how brains work.

【分析】本文主要讲述了随着我们的成长，我们的大脑会在很多方面发生变化。
89．根据第一段中“It shows that as we grow, our brain processes words differently.”可知，研究表明，随着我们的成长，我们的大脑处理语言的方式不同。故填As we grow, our brain processes words differently.
90．根据第二段中“It controls how the body works. It also controls how we think and use our senses.”可知，大脑控制着身体的工作方式，还控制我们如何思考和使用我们的感官。故填It controls how the body works, how we think and use our senses.
91．根据倒数第二段中“By age 19,no activity showed up on the right side.”可知，研究表明，到19岁时，右脑没有任何活动，说明只能使用左脑理解语言。故填19 years old.
92．第五段讲述了参加人员有成年人和孩子，同时会使用高科技设备对脑部进行扫描拍照，根据照片中的斑块数量判断大脑是否活跃，所以该段是在描述整个研究如何进行。故填How Newport’s study was carried out.
93．根据最后一段中“Newport hopes to combine (结合) her study results with work by those scientists to get a more “complete map” of how brains work.”可知，把她的研究和其他人的结合起来，是为了更多了解大脑是如何工作的。故填To know more about how brains work.
94．People feel accepted, included, or a part of something else.    95．Feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.    96．Yes, it is.    97．The importance/benefits of belonging.    98．Their friends, teachers, parents and young people themselves.

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍归属感的相关情况。
94．根据“A sense of belonging means that people feel accepted, included, or a part of something else.”可知，归属感是指人们感到被接受、被包容或成为其他事物的一部分。故填People feel accepted, included, or a part of something else.
95．根据“Not belonging can be related to feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.”可知，没有归属感可能会让你觉得自己毫无价值、自我怀疑和悲伤。故填Feelings of worthlessness, self-doubt and sadness.
96．根据“Feeling no sense of belonging is one of our common emotions and there is nothing wrong with it.”可知，没有归属感是我们共同的情感之一，这没有什么不对的。故填Yes, it is.
97．分析第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍归属感的重要性/好处。故填The importance/benefits of belonging.
98．根据“ Young people who feel supported by their friends are more likely to feel like they belong at school. When young people feel liked and cared for by teachers, they are more likely to report feelings of school belonging. Young people with parents who have positive conversations with their kids about school have also been found to feel high levels of school belonging.”和“Interestingly, you can help with your own sense of belonging as well!”可知，朋友、老师、父母和年轻人自己都能帮助年轻人在学校有归属感。故填Their friends, teachers, parents and young people themselves.
99．400 million tons.    100．When it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried in the ground.
    101．Microplastics.
    102．It includes making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of it.
    103．I think it is necessary. Because the problems of plastic is very serious.


【导语】本文介绍了UNEA要制定一个条约来解决全球塑料问题。
99．根据“It’s reported that now 400 million tons of plastic is produced every year.”可知每年产生4亿吨塑料。故填400 million tons.
100．根据“It gives off dangerous gases（气体）when it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried（掩埋）in the ground.”可知当塑料生产出来、燃烧、掩埋到地下时，会产生有害气体。故填When it’s produced and also when it’s burned or buried in the ground.
101．根据“Instead, it just breaks into smaller and smaller pieces, and finally tiny bits of plastic called microplastics.”可知塑料会分解成越来越小的碎片，最后变成微小的塑料碎片，称为微塑料。故填Microplastics.
102．根据“The treaty is expected to cover the whole plastic ‘life cycle’, including making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of （处理）it. ”可知条约包括如何制造、再利用、回收和处理塑料。故填It includes making it, reusing it, recycling it, and getting rid of it.
103．自由发挥题，合理即可。我认为这是必要的。因为塑料的问题非常严重。故填I think it is necessary. Because the problems of plastic is very serious.
104．Two art teachers, Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss, and their students.    105．Setting up a hotline and making encouraging posters.    106．The students thought of positive messages. Then Ms. Martin recorded them and sorted out the recordings into different parts of the hotline.    107．They could tear off the strips and take with them.    108．The influence of the project on other people and the students.

【导语】本文主要讲述两位小学美术老师和学生一起开展“PepToc”项目帮助人们的故事。
104．根据“Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss are art teachers in a primary school...so they created a project called ‘Pep Toc’ with their students.”可知，两位小学美术老师和他们的学生一起创建“PepToc”项目。故填Two art teachers, Jessica Martin and Asherah Weiss, and their students.
105．根据“The project had two parts—one was setting up a hotline, and the other was making encouraging posters.”可知，这个项目有两个部分：设立热线电话和制作鼓舞人心的海报。故填Setting up a hotline and making encouraging posters.
106．根据“Students working on the hotline thought of what they would like to say. Then Ms. Martin recorded each one, and sorted out（分类）the recordings into different parts of the telephone hotline.”可知，学生们想出能帮助或鼓励人们的话，马丁女士则将这些话录制成录音，并将录音整理到热线电话的不同按键里。故填The students thought of positive messages. Then Ms. Martin recorded them and sorted out the recordings into different parts of the hotline.
107．根据“When people passed by, they could tear off the strips and take with them.”可知，当人们经过海报前，他们可以撕下纸条并带走。故填They could tear off the strips and take with them.
108．细读最后一段可知，本段主要描述这个项目对他人及学生产生的影响。故填The influence of the project on other people and the students.