山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期中考试试题(Word版附解析)
展开2022-2023学年度第二学期期中考试
高二英语试题(A)
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What probably is the man?
A. A doctor. B. A police officer. C. A firefighter.
2. How is the weather now?
A. Cloudy. B. Windy. C. Rainy.
3. What does the woman think of the price of the car?
A. Too high. B. Quite normal. C. Really low.
4. When did the woman first come to Austria?
A. In March. B. In June. C. In October.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A film. B. A holiday. C. A place.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man do?
A. He’s a customer. B. He’s a guide. C. He’s a bank clerk.
7. What is the woman going to do next?
A. Move to another window.
B Copy some forms.
C. Open a savings account.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What did the woman probably do over her summer vacation?
A. She worked as a waitress.
B. She attended some classes.
C. She traveled around the world.
9. What does the woman suggest doing?
A. Making a video.
B. Contacting David tonight.
C. Visiting a classmate.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. How does the man know what to buy?
A. From a website.
B. From the groom’s friends.
C. From the woman’s friends.
11. Who bought the glass bowls?
A. Dan and Wendy. B. Erica and John. C. Shannon and Dave.
12. How much will the speakers spend for the groom?
A. $50. B. $90. C. $100.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. Who is the woman talking to?
A. A repairman. B. A co worker. C. A neighbor.
14. What’s wrong with the car?
A. It won’t start.
B. Its radio doesn’t work.
C. Its engine dies abnormally.
15. Where did the woman put the car today?
A. At a parking lot. B. In the yard. C. In the garage.
16. What will the man do?
A. Give the woman a lift.
B. Check the car thoroughly.
C. Send the car to a repair shop.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A. Formal rules of a party.
B. Some changes of a party.
C. The timetable of a party.
18. How much does a ticket cost at the Hilton Hotel?
A. $45. B. $40. C. $35.
19. How long is the party supposed to last at the Hilton Hotel?
A. About 5 hours. B. About 6 hours. C. About 7 hours.
20. What does the speaker say about the boss?
A. He is turning 40 years old.
B. He has prepared a birthday cake.
C. He will say goodbye to the company.
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
You’ve probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it’s time to level up your rides, so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.
Death Valley
Approximate distance:100 km loop(环线)
It may sound terrifying, but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed. In reality, it’s the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
This Team Time Trial is very popular among the Beijing cycling community as an early morning ride before work. While it’s not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you’d like to ride with a group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday or Thursday mornings at 5 am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance: 120km loop
It passes a cafe with good (although expensive) food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It’s a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance: 70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back hundreds of years BC. It will be a fun ride here.
1. Why is the northern route named “Death Valley”?
A. It has deadly loops for cars.
B. It is located in a distant place.
C. There is a large tomb on the route.
D. Many accidents have happened along the road.
2. Which of the following covers the shortest distance?
A. Death Valley. B. Tuesday/Thursday TTT.
C. The Verse D. Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
3. What do the last two routes have in common?
A. They both offer a downhill ride. B. They both have adequate bike lanes.
C. They both pass a second-to-none cafe. D. They both offer a view of historical sites.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是几条可以带你进入乡村和迷人山区的骑行路线。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley 部分的“It may sound terrifying, but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed.(这听起来可能很可怕,但北京的骑行者将这条北线命名为“死亡谷”,是因为它经过的巨大坟墓,而不是它目睹的交通事故数量。)”可知,之所以这样命名是因为这条路线会经过巨大的坟墓。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Death Valley部分中的“Approximate distance:100 km loop(环线)(大约距离:100公里环线)”;Tuesday/Thursday TTT 部分中的“Approximate distance: 54km loop(大约距离:54公里环线)”;The Verse 部分中的“Approximate distance: 120km loop(大约距离: 120km环线)”以及Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分中的“Approximate distance: 70km loop(大约距离:70公里环路)”可知,路线最短的应该是Tuesday/Thursday TTT,其只有54公里环路。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Verse部分中的“It’s a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.(到达那里需要一点徒步旅行,但非常值得付出努力,因为您在抵达时可以欣赏到长城的壮丽景色,并且大部分是下坡的车程。)”可以见到长城壮丽的景象,根据Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park部分中的“This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history.(这个公园是北京骑手最接近游览大运河的地方。通州大运河是中国真正的奇迹,也是历史上最伟大的土木工程之一。)”可知,这条线路可以看到大运河,由此可知,这两条路线都可以看到历史遗迹。故选D项。
B
Wind power is a powerful tool for reducing carbon emissions that cause climate change. The turbines (涡轮机), however, can be a threat to birds, which is why experts are looking for ways to prevent the danger.
A company in Boulder, Colorado has produced a camera-and-AI-based technology that can recognize eagles and other birds as they approach in enough time to shut off turbines in their flight paths. Their tool, called IdentiFlight, can detect 5.62 times more bird flights than human observers alone, with an accuracy rate of 94 percent. Using high-precision (高精确度的) visual sensors, the system calculates a bird’s speed and flight path, and if it is on a crash path with a turbine, a signal is sent to shut that turbine down.
Winning an award for its performance in Australia, the tracking system was set up in 2018 and was found to cut eagle deaths at the Cattle Hill Wind Farm by more than four-fifths. Each day signals have shut down their movements an average of 400 times—across the field of 48 turbines— for 2 to 3 minutes each time.
Across the globe, Duke Energy in Wyoming is employing the same technology with impressive results at its Top of the World Wind power Project, which was the first wind site to use the technology. In 2014, IdentiFlight’s maker, Boulder Imaging, used Top of the World for testing after eagles were killed by the turbines, which left Duke Energy in violation (违反) of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. 47 units made of eight wide-angle cameras now constantly pass cross the sky to monitor all 110 turbines.
Bird lover Garry George admits, “Our own science shows that climate change is by far the biggest threat to birds and the places wildlife need to survive. IdentiFlight will make it possible to fight the worst effects of climate change and protect the birds we love in the process.”
4. What can IdentiFlight do?
A. Stop the turbines when birds are spotted.
B. Prevent birds from choosing a crash path.
C. Identify potential threats to wind turbines.
D. Let the turbines make full use of wind power.
5. What does the data in paragraph 3 show about IdentiFlight?
A. It is widely used. B. It received a warm welcome.
C. It is very effective. D. It has a really long service life.
6. Why did Duke Energy work with Boulder Imaging in 2014?
A. It broke the relevant law on bird protection.
B. It responded to the call of Boulder Imaging.
C. It intended to improve its wide-angle cameras.
D. It followed in the Cattle Hill Wind Farm’s footsteps.
7. What is Garry George’s attitude to IdentiFlight?
A. Reserved. B. Approving.
C. Uncertain. D. Unconcerned.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种基于摄像头和人工智能的技术,可以识别老鹰和其他鸟类,以减少风力发电的涡轮机对它们造成的威胁。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Using high-precision (高精确度的) visual sensors, the system calculates a bird’s speed and flight path, and if it is on a crash path with a turbine, a signal is sent to shut that turbine down.”(该系统使用高精度视觉传感器,计算出鸟的速度和飞行路线,如果它与涡轮机处于碰撞路径上,就会发送信号关闭涡轮机)可知,IdentiFlight能够在发现鸟时,停止涡轮机的运作。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Winning an award for its performance in Australia, the tracking system was set up in 2018 and was found to cut eagle deaths at the Cattle Hill Wind Farm by more than four-fifths.”(该跟踪系统于2018年建立,在澳大利亚因其表现而获奖,并被发现将Cattle Hill Wind Farm鹰死亡人数减少了五分之四以上)和“Each day signals have shut down their movements an average of 400 times—across the field of 48 turbines— for 2 to 3 minutes each time.”(每天,信号在48台涡轮机中平均关闭400次,每次关闭2到3分钟)可知,通过这些具体的数据,人们可以看到IdentiFlight系统非常有效地减少了涡轮机对鸟类的威胁和伤害。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2014, IdentiFlight’s maker, Boulder Imaging, used Top of the World for testing after eagles were killed by the turbines, which left Duke Energy in violation (违反) of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.”(2014年,IdentiFlight的制造商Boulder Imaging利用Top of the World在老鹰被涡轮机杀死后进行了测试,这使得Duke Energy违反了《候鸟条约法案》)可知,Duke Energy和Boulder Imaging在2014年合作是因为Duke Energy违反了《候鸟条约法案》。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Garry George所说的话中“IdentiFlight will make it possible to fight the worst effects of climate change and protect the birds we love in the process.”(IdentiFlight将使对抗气候变化的最坏影响成为可能,并在此过程中保护我们喜爱的鸟类)可知,他对IdentiFlight是持支持态度的。故选B。
C
The ocean sustains all life on our planet. It provides food to eat and oxygen to breathe, while playing a key role in making our climate less extreme. But the ocean is becoming considerably warmer, affecting its ability to sustain life. The high temperatures seen around the Mediterranean this year are indicative of rising global temperatures. Research found the sea temperatures recorded in the Mediterranean over the period 2015-2019 were the highest since the recording began in 1982.
Much of the research on ocean heatwaves finds that they affect certain habitats particularly strongly, including coral reefs, seagrass and seaweed. Ocean heatwaves were found to be responsible for the loss of up to 80% of the population of some Mediterranean species between 2015 and 2019.
A mass death event is a single, terrible incident that rapidly destroys large numbers of a species. Over two-thirds of the deaths of ocean creatures occurring on the hard sea floor were in the waters with a depth of only 0-25 meters, which are subject to particularly intense warming and are home to some of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the Mediterranean.
Foundation species are critical in structuring an ecosystem. They act as nursery grounds, provide protection against enemies, and serve as a food source. Foundation species are the key to sustaining biodiversity, and their loss will have impacts on other species. As foundation species, the loss of corals, seagrass and seaweed is particularly concerning.
Additionally, ocean heatwaves often result in displacement(被迫迁徙). Evidence suggests that the exceptional temperatures seen across the Mediterranean this summer may be driving extensive mass displacement. In Greece, scientists have observed a huge increase of invasive(入侵的) species from warmer waters. This includes the lionfish and silver-cheeked toadfish, both of which are poisonous, and carry the potential to cause considerable ecological damage.
Within some branches of the scientific community, the recent intensity and frequency of ocean heatwaves suggests we have arrived at a “climate endgame”. This involves preparation for the full consequences of widespread ocean species death, if emissions are not controlled. The likely damaging Mediterranean ocean heatwaves of this year will only add fuel to such discussions.
8. What can we infer about the Mediterranean?
A. Its worsening ability to sustain life is still being ignored.
B. Its high temperatures are causing damage to human life.
C. Its ocean life is increasingly threatened by climate change.
D. Its surroundings are worsening much faster than expected.
9. Where do the deaths of ocean life tend to happen?
A. On the hard sea floor of broad waters. B. On the hard sea floor of deep waters.
C. On the hard sea floor of shallow waters. D. On the hard sea floor of cold waters.
10. What do we know about the displacement of ocean life?
A. It is damaging the ocean ecosystem. B. It is responsible for global temperatures.
C. It is easily influenced by climate change. D. It is a good way to maintain the ecology.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. The causes of ocean heatwaves around the Mediterranean.
B. The main natural threats to ocean life in the Mediterranean.
C. The advice on dealing with Mediterranean ocean heatwaves.
D. The impacts of ocean heatwaves on life in the Mediterranean.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出海洋对地球生态系统无比重要,但一项对地中海温度的研究记录显示近年来海洋温度显著升高,这将会对生态系统产生极大影响。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ocean heatwaves were found to be responsible for the loss of up to 80% of the population of some Mediterranean species between 2015 and 2019.(人们发现2015到2019年间海洋暖流导致了至多80%某些地中海物种数量的消失)”可知,气候变化、海水变暖(气候变化)给地中海生物种群造成了日益严重的威胁,与C选项描述相符。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Over two-thirds of the deaths of ocean creatures occurring on the hard sea floor were in the waters with a depth of only 0-25 meters, which are subject to particularly intense warming and are home to some of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the Mediterranean.(发生在硬海底上超过三分之二的海洋生物死亡都仅位于0到25米的深度,这些区域受到海水显著变暖的影响,而且是地中海最具生物多样性的生态系统所在之处)”可知,海洋生物死亡主要发生在硬海底上的浅水区域。故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“This includes the lionfish and silver-cheeked toadfish, both of which are poisonous, and carry the potential to cause considerable ecological damage.(这包括狮子鱼和棕斑兔头鲀,两者都是有毒的,且有可能造成严重的生态破坏)”可知,海水变暖导致的物种迁徙可能会造成对海洋生态系统的破坏。故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。总览全文,文章在首段指出海洋对地球生态的重要性,并引入研究记录表明地中海温度显著上升,然后从多方面阐述了海水变暖会造成的严重后果,D选项“地中海热浪对生物的影响”符合文章主旨。故选D项。
D
Artist David Bowie may have sung “Is there life on Mars?” in 1971 but the dream of finding or placing living creatures on the red planet is still alive. Oxygen, of course, is critical. Thanks to a large leap in scientific technology, there is now a machine which can produce oxygen in certain environment, and it is a giant step of Mars exploration. Scientists are thrilled because the Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE) will hopefully make astronauts survive on Mars.
NASA’S Perseverance Mars Rover is a machine of many wonders. Attached to the exploring robot is a particularly innovative device, MOXIE. When started, the device takes several hours to warm up. It then begins filtering(过滤) and pressuring air pulled from Mars’ atmosphere. The air then undergoes an hour-long breakdown process in the part of the machine known as the Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOXE). It breaks air molecules(分子) into carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and oxygen. The collected oxygen is, of course, the breathable element we are all familiar with here on Earth. MOXIE produces 0.2 ounces of oxygen per hour—about as much as a small tree does through photosynthesis(光合作用).
Testing MOXIE’S performance under different conditions is a critical research. “The productivity of MOXIE is unstable,” the investigator Jeffrey Hoffman, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says in a statement. “The atmosphere of Mars is far more changeable than Earth. The density of the air on Mars can vary by a factor or two through the year, and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees. One objective is to show we can run in all seasons.” The team has tested it in fall, winter, and various times of day. They hope to confirm it also works in spring, as well as at dawn and dusk when Mars’ temperatures change rapidly.
Demonstrations of MOXIE’S success offer hope that missions to Mars will be more practicable than previously thought. “To support a human mission to Mars, we have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth, like computers spacesuits and habitats.” Hoffman says. “But oxygen? If you can make it there, go for it you’re way ahead of the game.” Scientists hope a scaled-up model could arrive before astronauts and begin preparing a habitable amount of oxygen for a team of six astronauts arriving months later. The key is how the earlier-arrived MOXIE works without humans.
12. Why are scientists excited?
A. MOXIE helps prepare for human Mars exploration.
B. MOXIE helps confirm the existence of life on Mars.
C. MOXIE is expected to turn Mars into another Earth.
D. MOXIE is the first demonstration of technology on Mars.
13. What is the function of SOXE?
A. To give off oxygen into Mars’ atmosphere. B. To remove oxygen from air molecules.
C. To filter air from Mars’ atmosphere. D. To warm up MOXIE.
14. What is Jeffrey Hoffman’s worry about MOXIE?
A. Its method of transportation. B. Its consumption of energy.
C. Its test result. D. Its adaptation to Mars’ atmosphere.
15. What is the next step for MOXIE?
A. How to land MOXIE on mars. B. How to make MOXIE automatic.
C. How to match equipment with MOXIE. D. How to increase the production of MOXIE.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于科学技术的巨大飞跃,如今一种可以在特定环境中生产氧气的机器MOXIE有望使宇航员在火星上生存。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists are thrilled because the Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE) will hopefully make astronauts survive on Mars.”(科学家们非常激动,因为火星氧气ISRU实验(MOXIE)有望使宇航员在火星上生存。)可知,MOXIE有助于为人类火星探测做准备。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The air then undergoes an hour-long breakdown process in the part of the machine known as the Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOXE). It breaks air molecules(分子) into carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and oxygen.”(然后,空气在被称为固体氧化物电解槽(SOXE)的机器部件中经历长达一个小时的分解过程。它破坏空气分子转化为一氧化碳和氧气。)可知,SOXE的功能是去除空气分子中的氧气。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The team has tested it in fall, winter, and various times of day. They hope to confirm it also works in spring, as well as at dawn and dusk when Mars’ temperatures change rapidly.”(该团队已经在秋季、冬季和一天中的不同时间对其进行了测试。他们希望证实它在春季以及火星温度快速变化的黎明和黄昏也能起作用。)可推知,杰弗里·霍夫曼担心的是MOXIE对火星大气的适应性。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The key is how the earlier-arrived MOXIE works without humans.”(关键是早期到达的MOXIE在没有人类的情况下是如何工作的。)可知, MOXIE的下一步是如何使它在没有人的情况下自动工作,推断出科学家希望MOXIE可以达到自动化。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Let’s take time to think about social media we use. The vast amount of information on it has its positives. ____16____ But there’s always certain content on it that has to be considered carefully, such as posts about diet culture or parenting. A wide variety of conflicting opinions and harmful behaviors that get passed on as facts do harm to unknowing users. ____17____
The problem with much content about mental illnesses is that it quickly becomes a numbers game to gain a huge following on social media platforms. These kinds of accounts are rising in popularity. ____18____
This rat race directly leads to the promotion of unreliable and misleading information and content where creators exaggerate (夸大) their own experiences to make it appear as if they have a mental illness so they can receive more views. ____19____ Moreover, this starts a wave of unsuspecting content viewers incorrectly labeling themselves as facing mental health issues.
____20____ One is to better educate oneself before jumping to any conclusions or taking any action based on ill-informed advice. In that way, people can really reflect on whether they develop these symptoms (症状) because they see them online, or whether these symptoms have always been part of their daily life. Information from professionals should be seen first. Together, smartly consuming media and responsibly creating content can prevent misinformation from spreading throughout the platform.
A. Many people disapprove of it.
B. Possible solutions are suggested.
C. Other users are quick to produce similar content.
D. The same pattern presents itself to mental illnesses.
E. Those symptoms sound like things you experience every day.
F. Some people can find encouragement when engaging in their personal struggles.
G. This takes attention away from those who genuinely spread awareness about mental health.
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了社交媒体上关于精神疾病的各种矛盾的观点、错误的行为被当作事实广泛传播,夸大事实的账户受人追捧,提供真实信息的账户得不到关注,不知情的用户受到了伤害,而解决这一问题需要用户更好地教育自己,不盲目下结论或采取行动。
【16题详解】
根据前文“The vast amount of information on it has its positives.(它的大量信息有其积极的一面。)”和后文“But there’s always certain content on it that has to be considered carefully, such as posts about diet culture or parenting.(但总有一些内容需要仔细考虑,比如关于饮食文化或育儿的帖子。)”可知,本段在讨论社交媒体的利弊,空处需要承接前文,说明积极的一面,和后文形成语义的转折。F项“有些人可以在个人挣扎中找到鼓励。”符合语境。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据前文“But there’s always certain content on it that has to be considered carefully, such as posts about diet culture or parenting. A wide variety of conflicting opinions and harmful behaviors that get passed on as facts do harm to unknowing users.(但总有一些内容需要仔细考虑,比如关于饮食文化或育儿的帖子。各种各样相互矛盾的观点和有害的行为被当作事实传播,对不知情的用户造成了伤害。)”可知,本段后半部分主要讨论社交媒体的弊端,针对饮食文化和育儿方面的信息传播提出了质疑,空处会进一步延伸前文的内容。D项“同样的模式也出现在精神疾病上。”符合语境,其中的“The same pattern”概括了前文的“A wide variety of conflicting opinions and harmful behaviors that get passed on as facts”。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“The problem with much content about mental illnesses is that it quickly becomes a numbers game to gain a huge following on social media platforms. These kinds of accounts are rising in popularity.(很多关于精神疾病的内容的问题在于,它很快就变成了一场数字游戏,目的是在社交媒体平台上获得大量粉丝。这类账户越来越受欢迎。)”可知,本段讨论精神疾病方面信息传播很广泛,空处会延伸说明这种广泛的特质。C项“其他用户很快就会产生类似的内容。”符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据前文“This rat race directly leads to the promotion of unreliable and misleading information and content where creators exaggerate (夸大) their own experiences to make it appear as if they have a mental illness so they can receive more views.(这种激烈的竞争直接导致了不可靠和误导性的信息和内容的推广,创作者夸大自己的经历,使其看起来好像他们有精神疾病,这样他们就可以获得更多的观看量。)”可知,本段在陈述这种不可靠的信息传播的结果,夸大者会收获更多的注意,空处可能会说明如实传播的人的情况。G项“这将注意力从那些真正传播心理健康意识的人身上转移开。”符合语境,其中的“genuinely”和前文的“exaggerate”相对。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文“One is to better educate oneself before jumping to any conclusions or taking any action based on ill-informed advice.(一种是在根据不了解情况的建议做出任何结论或采取任何行动之前,更好地教育自己。)”可知,本段提出了解决上述问题的方法,空处需概括本段的内容。B项“可能的解决方案被提出。”符合语境,呼应后文具体的解决方法。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When my son came home with a backpack filled with certificates(证书) acknowledging his genius in math, English, history, science, and the rest of his eighth grade classes, I was ____21____, until another parent, whose son attended the same school, told me, “All the kids ____22____ them.”
My son is bright. However, I knew he wasn’t good enough to ____23____ certificates from every class because he didn’t work very hard. I shared that ____24____ with the school, and they ____25____ of my comments. The principal believed it was ____26____ to praise every student. He said kids fear failure—if they get poor grades, they’ll ____27____ learning.
I do not agree with ____28____ students who have not worked hard or done something to succeed. Students generally know when they have not earned an award; ____29____, the reward becomes meaningless.
If we do not believe a child can ______30______ something, which is the message that is sent when a reward not truly ______31______ is given, then they will believe the same. ______32______, no pride or self- respect is gained from it. Meanwhile, when ______33______ are low, or even nonexistent, students are not given the opportunity to learn and grow.
Giving children opportunities to succeed, with ______34______ if necessary, is one of the greatest gifts we can give our children. For when they do succeed by working hard, we give them a ______35______ sense of self and they’ll realize they’re more capable than they thought.
21. A. proud B. curious C. confused D. skeptical
22. A. know B. like C. accept D. get
23. A. issue B. receive C. seek D. require
24. A. certificate B. lesson C. opinion D. finding
25. A. disapproved B. talked C. knew D. complained
26. A. harmful B. beneficial C. impossible D. difficult
27. A. end up B. keep up C. speed up D. give up
28. A. helping B. reminding C. rewarding D. punishing
29 A. therefore B. however C. instead D. otherwise
30. A. discover B. tolerate C. complete D. overcome
31. A. offered B. earned C. needed D. desired
32. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. By the way D. In other words
33. A. risks B. pressures C. grades D. expectations
34. A. support B. belief C. sympathy D. interest
35. A. consistent B. negative C. positive D. realistic
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是作者的儿子得到学校的很多奖励证书,但作者认为这些奖励来的太容易,不利于孩子的成长与发展。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当我的儿子带着满满一书包的证书回家时,我感到很自豪,因为他在数学、英语、历史、科学和其他八年级课程上都很有天赋,直到另一位儿子在同一所学校上学的家长告诉我:“所有的孩子都有这些证书。”A. proud骄傲的;B. curious好奇的;C. confused迷惑的;D. skeptical怀疑的。根据上文中的“When my son came home with a backpack filled with certificates(证书) acknowledging his genius in math, English, history, science, and the rest of his eighth grade classes”可知,作者看到这些证书应该是感到“自豪”。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我的儿子带着满满一书包的证书回家时,我感到很自豪,因为他在数学、英语、历史、科学和其他八年级课程上都很有天赋,直到另一位儿子在同一所学校上学的家长告诉我:“所有的孩子都有这些证书。”A. know知道;B. like喜欢;C. accept接受;D. get得到。根据下文中的“He said kids fear failure—if they get poor grades, they’ll ____7____ learning.”可知,学校为了鼓励学生,每个孩子都“得奖”。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:但是,我知道他不够好,不能拿到每个等级的证书,因为他不是很努力。A. issue发布;B. receive接收;得到;C. seek寻找;D. require要求。根据下文中的“because he didn’t work very hard”可知,作者认为自己的儿子不努力,不“应该”得到奖励。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我把这个观点告诉了学校,他们不同意我的观点。A. certificate证书;B. lesson课程;C. opinion观点;D. finding发现。根据上文中的“However, I knew he wasn’t good enough to ____3____ certificates from every class because he didn’t work very hard.”可知,作者把这一“观点”告诉学校。故选C项。
25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我把这个观点告诉了学校,他们不同意我的观点。A. disapproved不赞成;B. talked讨论;C. knew知道;D. complained抱怨。根据下文中的“He said kids fear failure—if they get poor grades, they’ll ____7____ learning.”可知,学校的观点与作者不同,所以此处是“不赞成”作者的观点。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:校长认为表扬每一个学生是有益的。A. harmful有害的;B. beneficial有益的;C. impossible不可能的;D. difficult困难的。根据下文中的“to praise every student”和上文提到学校不赞成作者的观点可知,校长认为多鼓励和表扬对孩子是“有益的”。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:他说孩子们害怕失败——如果他们的成绩不好,他们就会放弃学习。A. end up结束;B. keep up维持;C. speed up加速;D. give up放弃。根据上文中的“He said kids fear failure”可知,孩子们害怕失败,所以成绩不好就会“放弃”学习。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我不同意奖励那些没有努力学习或没有为成功做过什么事情的学生。A. helping帮助;B. reminding提醒;C. rewarding奖励;D. punishing惩罚。根据下文中的“the reward becomes meaningless.”可知,作者对于“奖励”没有努力的孩子是不赞成的。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:因此,奖励变得毫无意义。A. therefore因此;B. however然而;C. instead然而;D. otherwise否则。根据上文中的“Students generally know when they have not earned an award”与下文中的“the reward becomes meaningless.”句意可知,两者之间为因果关系。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们认为一个孩子不能够完成某件事,这是当我们给予一个没有真正获得的奖励时所传递的信息,那么他们也会相信同样的事情。A. discover发现;B. tolerate忍受;C. complete完成;D. overcome克服。根据语境可知,作者认为,一个孩子无法靠自己赢得奖励,而我们却给他奖励时,让孩子只会认为自己真的无法“完成”某件事。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们认为一个孩子不能够完成某件事,这是当我们给予一个没有真正获得的奖励时所传递的信息,那么他们也会相信同样的事情。A. offered提供;B. earned挣得;C. needed需要;D. desired渴望。根据上文中的“Students generally know when they have not earned an award”可知,此处指的是奖励没有被真正地“赢得”。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:因此,没有骄傲或自尊从中获得。A. On the contrary相反;B. As a result因此;C. By the way顺便说一下;D. In other words换句话说。根据下文中的“no pride or self- respect is gained from it.”与上文讲述的内容可知,此处应表示“因果”关系。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:与此同时,当期望很低,甚至不存在时,学生就没有机会学习和成长。A. risks风险;B. pressures压力;C. grades成绩;D. expectations期望。根据上文中的“no pride or self- respect is gained from it.”以及语境可知,此处指的是孩子们的“期望”很低,或者没有期望。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:给孩子成功的机会,必要时给予支持,是我们能给孩子最好的礼物之一。A. support支持;B. belief信念;C. sympathy同情;D. interest兴趣。根据上文中的“Giving children opportunities to succeed”以及下文中的“if necessary”可知,此处指的是给孩子成功的机会,必要的话,给孩子们“支持”。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为当他们通过努力获得成功时,我们会给他们一种积极的自我意识,他们会意识到自己比他们想象的更有能力。A. consistent一致的;B. negative消极的;C. positive积极的;D. realistic现实的。根据上文中的“no pride or self- respect is gained from it”以及下文中的“and they’ll realize they’re more capable than they thought.”可知,此处指的是只有真正通过努力获得成功,孩子们才能获得“积极的”自我体验。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Looking at the development of Western painting over the centuries ____36____(be) perhaps the best way to understand Western art.
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Paintings had religious ____37____(theme). This began to change in the 13th century, ____38____ paintings showed real people in a real environment.
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
During this period, painters began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. ____39____ important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio. Some ____40____(influence) painters built on Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the use of oil paints. This technique reached ____41____(it) height with Rembrandt, who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. In subject matter, the emphasis ____42____(increasing) shifted to people and the world around us.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
After photography ____43____(invent) in the mid- 19 century, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others focused ____44____ people.
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
Some painters tried _____45_____(analyse) the shapes which existed in the natural world with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art.
【答案】36. is 37. themes
38. when 39. An
40. influential
41. its 42. increasingly
43. was invented
44. on 45. to analyse
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要简要介绍了西方绘画的发展史,以帮助更好的理解西方艺术。
【36题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意:回顾几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展也许是理解西方艺术的最好方法。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,结合句意可知,此处讲述的是现在客观情况,所以使用一般现在时态,且动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词为单数。故填is。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意:绘画有宗教主题。分析句子结构可知,此处为名词作宾语,theme为可数名词单数,结合句意可知,宗教主题不止一个,且其前也无限定词,所以此处应使用名词复数。故填themes。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:这种情况在13世纪开始改变,当时的绘画表现的是真实环境中的真实人物。分析句子结构可知,此处为连词引导的定语从句,从句中不缺少主语和宾语,缺少时间状语,所以使用关系副词,先行词the 13th century指的是时间。故填when。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意:一个重要的突破是马萨乔对透视法的运用。分析句子结构可知,breakthrough为可数名词单数,其前没有限定词,所以应使用冠词,结合句意可知,此处表示泛指概念,表示“一个突破”,所使用不定冠词,important的首个音素为元音,且位于句首,首字母大写。故填An。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意:一些有影响力的画家在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的艺术作品。分析句子结构可知,此处为形容词作定语修饰名词painters,influence的形容词为influential意为“有影响力的”符合句意。故填influential。
【41题详解】
考查代词。句意:这种技巧在伦勃朗的时代达到了顶峰,伦勃朗赢得了光影大师的声誉。分析句子结构可知,此空后为名词,所以此处应使用形容词性物主代词,it的形容词性物主代词为its。故填its。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意:在题材上,重点越来越多地转移到我们周围的人和世界。分析句子结构可知,此处为副词作状语修饰动词shifted,increasing的副词应是为increasingly意为“越来越”符合句意。故填increasingly。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意:19世纪中叶摄影术发明后,法国出现了印象派。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语“in the mid- 19 century”可知,此处应为一般过去时态,与句子主语之间为被动关系,且句子主语是第三人称单数。故填was invented。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意:虽然许多印象派画家画的是自然或日常生活场景,但其他人关注的是人。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定短语focus on意为“关注”符合句意。故填on。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:有些画家尽力用立体主义来分析自然界中存在的形状。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作宾语,根据固定用法try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事”符合句意,所以此处应使用不定式形式作宾语,且表示主动意义。故填to analyze。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华,你得知交换生Kathy在省中学生书画大赛中荣获二等奖。请你给她写一封邮件,祝贺她获奖,内容包括:
1. 得知她获奖的消息;
2. 向她表示祝贺;
3. 希望有机会可以和她一同写生。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Kathy,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Kathy,
Word came that you had won the second prize in the Painting and Calligraphy Competition for Middle School Students in our province.
To be frank, no sooner had I heard the big news than I’d like to say “Congratulations” to you. As a matter of fact, it is not surprising because you have a talent for painting and keep practicing it hard. The glory is what exactly you deserve.
By the way, how I wish there would be a chance for me to paint outdoors with you! Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Kathy写一封邮件,祝贺她在省中学生书画大赛中荣获二等奖,内容包括得知她获奖的消息、向她表示祝贺及希望有机会可以和她一同写生。
【详解】1.词汇积累
消息:word→news
坦白地说:to be frank → frankly speaking
机会:chance→opportunity
事实上:as a matter of fact→ in fact
2.句式拓展
同位语从句变宾语从句
原句:Word came that you had won the second prize in the Painting and Calligraphy Competition for Middle School Students in our province.
拓展句:I learnt that you had won the second prize in the Painting and Calligraphy Competition for Middle School Students in our province.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As a matter of fact, it is not surprising because you have a talent for painting and keep practicing it hard.(运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
【高分句型2】The glory is what exactly you deserve.(运用了what引导的表语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I love digging in the back garden. Sometimes, I’d dig for pottery and stuff, but I’ve always wanted to find a fossil (化石). I like finding out about the past. At school, my favourite subject is history. I’ve been watching Andy’s Prehistoric Adventures since I was three. I knew I had a good chance of finding a fossil, because my house was built on a muddy, limestone substrate (石灰岩基质), in Walsall, which means millions of years ago, my garden wasn’t my garden at all—it was a coral reef (珊瑚礁).
On 22 March, it was a sunny day. I came back from school. I asked Dad if I could dig in my favourite spot by the yellow bush near our house, where we had planted potatoes and onions, but he told me not to, because he’d just moved a tree there and it was establishing roots. I went to the back garden instead, taking Dad’s old brown wooden garden tools. I dug a big hole, about a foot deep, which didn’t take very long, where I found a ball of mud with something pointy sticking out the top. I ran into the kitchen screaming. I was so excited. I knew it was a fossil.
At first, I thought it might be a deer’s tooth or a goat’s claw. When Dad washed the mud off, we saw that it had lots of bumpy, wavy lines; we both thought it looked like one of the sea anemones, from the fish tank in his office, but with a horn(触角). Dad sent a video to the Fossil Finds UK Facebook group. A man calling himself an archaeologist (考古学家) replied saying it had the markings of a horn coral from the Palaeozoic era, which is the very beginnings of life on Earth. I had found one of the oldest fossils in England.
We looked in my books and online for more information. We typed our postcode into a British Geology Survey search where you can find out what you’re standing on—ours is the oldest substrate in the area, with lots of clay and limestone, but it’s unusual to find anything so close to the surface. Experts told us that my horn coral lived between 415 million and 480 million years ago. There weren’t even proper fish or sharks then.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me.
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When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist (考古学家).
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【答案】One possible version:
Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me. Since our find, Dad and I have been doing more digging in the garden. We have moved out of the flowerbeds and on to the lawn. We’ve found stone blocks with hundreds of tiny traces from coral. We’ve got 11 pieces in total, but the horn coral is our biggest. The more fossils I got, the more obsessed I became with them.
When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist. In this case, I will be able to study rocks and find out where they came from. I will make a display case for my finds and, one day, I hope to turn my fossils into a mini museum and make it free for people to visit. In addition, I want to spread stories of each fossil across the world.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了作者从小就喜欢历史,喜欢在后花园挖土,希望能够挖出化石。终于有一天,作者挖出了化石,专家认为它有着来自古生代的角珊瑚的痕迹,是英国最古老的化石之一。自此,作者更是和父亲一起坚持不懈地挖掘,并有了更多的发现,作者也因此立志成为一名考古学家,对未来有了清晰的目标。
【详解】1. 段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“在发现角珊瑚之前,我唯一熟悉化石是爸爸给我的鲨鱼牙齿。”可知,第一段可描写作者在发现角珊瑚之后更加有了动力,继续挖掘,有了更多的发现。
②由第二段首句内容“当我长大了,想成为一名考古学家。”可知,第二段可描写作者对未来的憧憬和设想。
2.续写线索:发现角珊瑚之前——发现角珊瑚之后,继续挖掘——发现了更多的化石——对化石越来越迷恋——立志成为考古学家——憧憬并设想未来。
3.词汇激活:
行为类
①发现:find/spot
②获得:get/gain
③希望:hope/expect
情绪类
①痴迷的、着迷的:obsessed/addicted
【点睛】【高分句型1】The more fossils I got, the more obsessed I became with them.(运用了“the+比较级..., the+ 比较级... 越……越……”的句式)
【高分句型2】In this case, I will be able to study rocks and find out where they came from. (运用了以连接副词where引导的宾语从句)
听力答案:1—5 C A C B A 6—10 C A A B A 11—15 A B C C B 16—20 A B C A A
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