2023届高考英语阅读理解专练（7）社会现象类

这是一份2023届高考英语阅读理解专练（7）社会现象类，共19页。
（7） 社会现象类

一、
Did you watch the popular TV series Meet Yourself during your winter vacation? In the TV series, the heroine Xu Hongdou travels to a village in Yunnan province and volunteers at a local cafe. She gets free meals in return. As the show finds a growing audience, volunteer travel—an old-yet-modern form of travel similar to Xu's type of work—has attracted more attention.
Volunteer travel refers to taking a trip where all or part of the purpose of the trip is to participate in an arranged service opportunity to help others. These volunteer trips are usually arranged by church organizations, human interest groups or nonprofit organizations, and they take form of equal exchanges. During the trip, volunteer travelers often provide services like teaching, cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange for their help, the volunteers may get free or discounted accommodation, meals and laundry, activities, or classes.
Traditionally, the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. However, just as what Meet Yourself describes, more volunteer trips have taken place within the same countries or regions the volunteers originate from in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine commented that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the fast and stressful pace of urban living. Yang Yan, a founder of a volunteer platform, told the magazine that it has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents to volunteer in rural areas.
People try volunteer travel for several reasons. By working voluntarily while traveling, travelers may make a real, positive impact on the world. The services volunteers provide can be through charities with lower costs for the communities they serve. Another benefit of volunteer travel is that it helps urban residents to experience rural life. For those who are sick of urban pressure but can’t make up their minds whether to move permanently to the countryside, volunteer travel can be a solution. In this way, as Yang comments, travelers can catch some relief from their busy lives, while rural communities also benefit by receiving more customers for local tourism industries and temporary high-quality labor.
1.Why does the author mention Meet Yourself in the beginning of the text?
A. To introduce a new way of travel.
B. To lead up to the topic of the text.
C. To show the popularity of this TV series.
D. To raise readers’ interest in the TV series.
2.What can we learn about volunteer travel from the text?
A. Its only purpose is to help others.
B. It requires travelers to be highly educated.
C. Its travelers can get something in return for their help.
D. It’s typically organized by those who want to make money.
3.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?
A. A new trend of volunteer trips. B. The future of volunteer trips.
C. The significance of volunteer trips. D. Different views on volunteer trips.
4.Why are more urban residents attracted by volunteer projects in rural areas nowadays?
A. To give back to society. B. To get away from busy lives.
C. To provide high-quality labor. D. To support the rural tourism industry.
二、
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world. Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the internet and social media for parenting advice. The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children's development, both academically and emotionally. Modern parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children.
A modern parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children. They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children's ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry(洗衣),clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork. Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. Domestic helpers were also not the norm then, hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework. Living in the pre-internet age, parents were less informed about different parenting methods, and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities, common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors, rather than by social media influences or parenting websites.
There is no one right way to raise a child. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering, who are supportive but not controlling, and who protect but not care too much.
5.What does the underlined word "tapping" mean in paragraph 1?
A. Employing. B.Tracking. C. Monitoring. D. Identifying.
6.What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting?
A.Flexible. B. Efficient. C.Conventional. D. Overinvolved.
7.What do we know about parents in the past?
A. They educated kids in a rigid way.
B. They overestimated their kids' independence.
C. They afforded kids more space for self-growth.
D.They tended to stay away from social activities.
8.What does the text mainly tell us?
A.How to raise all-round children.
B. How to enhance parent-child bonds.
C. How parenting modes have shifted over the years.
D.How information technology boosts people's lifestyles.
三、
Schools in the US and elsewhere are announcing bans on the recently released Al-powered ChatGPT out of fear that students could use the technology to complete their assignments. However, bans may be practically impossible given how difficult it is to detect when text is composed by ChatGPT. Is it instead time to rethink how students are taught and evaluated?
Educators are starting to question what it means to assess, student learning if an AI can write an essay or paper similar to, or even better than, a student would - and the teacher can't tell the difference. Many teachers believe the time-honored learning tradition will be destroyed from the ground up by Chat GPT. The Los Angeles Unified School District in California first blocked the use of ChatGPT on networks and devices in December 2022.
However, removing technology from the classroom can mean undesirable consequences, such as creating more obstacles for students with disabilities, says Trust. Additionally, restricting the use of ChatGPT on school networks and devices can't stop students from using ChatGPT at home and in libraries.
It is also unclear if anti-cheating software can reliably detect Al-assisted writing. OpenAI is working to develop a digital watermark that can help teachers and academics spot students who are using ChatGPT to write essays. OpenAI's attempts to watermark AI text, however, hit limits.
Instead of worrying about how ChatGPT could enable cheating, educators should ask what motivates students to cheat in the first place and work on developing relationships of trust, says Jesse Stommel at the University of Denver in Colorado.
“Talk to students really frankly about what ChatGPT's capable of, what it's not,” says Stommel. “Have students use it to write an essay about Jane Austen and gender dynamics, and then have them read that essay and peer review it and think about what ChatGPT gets right and wrong.”
9.What does the author suggest schools do?
A.Adjust teaching and assessment.
B.Meet different demands from students.
C.Prohibit the use of ChatGPT in classrooms.
D.Break with the traditional teaching method.
10.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.Dark future of ChatGPT. B.Educators' worrying concern.
C.Crisis of traditional learning. D.Difficulty in telling AI's writing.
11.What is the author's attitude toward OpenAI's watermark technology?
A.Amused. B.Hopeful. C.Shocked. D.Doubtful.
12.What can be inferred from Jesse Stommel?
A.AI helps students tell right and wrong.
B.Students should write about famous writers.
C.Educators should guide students to use AI properly.
D.The trust between teachers and students is hard to form.
四、
"If the self or person of today, and that of tomorrow, are not the same, but only like persons, the person of today is really no more interested in what will befall(降临到……头上) the person of tomorrow, than in what will befall any other person," Joseph Butler, a well-known philosopher wrote in 1736.
The theory caught the attention of a researcher called Hal Hershfield, who suspected that a disconnection from our future selves might explain many unreasonable elements of human behaviour including our unwillingness to exercise often.
To find out, Hershfield first had to find a way to measure someone's "future self-continuity". He settled on a simple graphic that presented pairs of circles representing the current self, and a future self (see below). The circles overlapped(重叠) to varying degrees, and the participants had to identify which pair best described how similar and how connected they felt to a future self 10 years from now.

He then compared these responses to his participants' real-life behavior. Hershfield first looked at his participants' real-life savings and he found that the more the participant felt connected to their future self, the more money they had already squirrelled away. What's more, people who score highly on the future self-continuity measure have higher moral standards than the people who struggle to identify with their future selves.
Hershfield confirmed that someone's (in)ability to identify with their future self can have long-term consequences for their overall wellbeing and that our sense of connection to our future selves can be strengthened. You might consider a simple imaginative exercise in which you write a letter to yourself 20 years from now, describing what is most important for you now and your plans for the coming decades.
It might seem strange to start a "conversation" with an imagined person but once your future self becomes alive in your mind, you may find it much easier to make the small personal sacrifices(牺牲) that are essential to preserve your wellbeing.
13.What do we learn about the assumed person described by Joseph Butler?
A.He is a self-centered person.
B.He is curious about his future life.
C.He is bored with the same old routine day after day.
D. He is seldom worried about the long-term consequences of his actions.
14.What were the participants required to do in Hershfield's experiment?
A. Draw a simple graph. B. Select a pair of circles.
C.Predict their overall wellbeing. D. Compare their real-life behaviours.
15.Which of the following best explains "squirrelled away" underlined in paragraph 4?
A.Cost. B.Taken out. C.Donated. D.Set aside.
16.What is a way to lead a happier life according to the text?
A.Considering your future self.
B.Being grateful for what you have.
C.Reflecting on your previous behavior.
D.Making personal sacrifices to help others.
五、
It appears that language can have a fascinating effect on the way we think about time and space. A growing number of experts believe language can influence how we think just as our thoughts and culture can shape how language develops.
Cognitive scientist Lera Boroditsky, one of the pioneers of research into how language manipulates our thoughts, has shown that English speakers typically view time as a horizontal (平的) line. They tend to view time as travelling from left to right, most likely in line with how you are reading the text on this page.
Languages also encode(编码) time in their grammar. In English, the future is one of three simple tenses, along with the past and the present—we say "it rained", "it rains" and "it will rain". But in German, you can say Morgen regnet, which means "it rains tomorrow"—you don't need to build the future into the grammar.
But does this affect how we think? In 2013, Keith Chen, a behavioral economist at the University of California, set out to test whether people who speak languages that are futureless might feel closer to the future than those who speak other languages. For example, German, Chinese, and Japanese have no linguistic barrier between the present and the future, while “future languages”, such as English, French, Italian and Spanish, encourage speakers to view the future as something separate from the present.
He discovered that speakers of futureless languages were more likely to engage in future-focused activities. They were 31% more likely to have put money into savings in any given year and had gained 39% more wealth by retirement. They were also 24% less likely to smoke and 29% more likely to be physically active.
It is becoming increasingly clear that language is influencing how we think about the world around us, which is not to say that any one language is "better" than another. But being aware of how languages differ can help you think, navigate and communicate better. And while being multilingual(多语的) won't necessarily make you a genius, we all can gain a more flexible understanding of the world by learning a new language.
17.What does the underlined word "manipulates" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Weakens. B.Shapes. C.Impacts. D. Deepens.
18.How does the author organize paragraph 3?
A. By listing figures. B.By giving examples.
C.By giving definitions. D. By explaining the reasons.
19.What were speakers of futureless languages likely to do?
A. Smoke and drink. B.Be mentally active.
C. Spend money without restriction. D. Take part in future-focused activities.
20.What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A.One language is much better than another.
B.Being multilingual can help you become a genius.
C.Learning a new language can change your way of life.
D. Language has an impact on how we think about the world.
六、
For centuries, artists usually give people an impression: they are the "Starving Artists", struggling to make ends meet. Henri Murger proved that. He was born the son of a doorman in France. Living in Paris, he was surrounded by creative geniuses and dreamed of joining them, but he grew upset with his failure to earn money.
In 1847, Murger published a book. It's a collection of stories about poverty, which launched the concept of the "Starving Artists" into the public's understanding as the model for a creative life. To this day, it endures as the model for what we imagine when we think of the word "artist".
Today, what we forget is that the story of the "Starving Artist" is a myth. In fact, it is really just an imaginary story. Due to the power of this myth in Murger's book, many of us just want to become lawyers instead of writers, bankers instead of poets, and doctors instead of painters. Nobody wants to struggle ultimately. Thus, we just keep our passion a hobby instead of a career.
In the early Renaissance, artists did not have reputations for being diligent workers. They were considered manual laborers, receiving small amounts of money for their work. Michelangelo Buonarroti, however, changed all that. He was not only a master sculptor but also the most affluent artist of his time. After him, every artist began to see a "new pattern of doing things”, in the words of Bill Wallace, professor of art history at Washington University. Michelangelo established the idea that an artist could become a new figure in society and have a higher social status, and also that he could become financially successful.
Michelangelo did not need to starve for his creations, and neither do you. When we hear the tales and warnings about what it means to be an artist, we must understand an important truth—you don't have to starve and you might as well make a living from your creative talents.
21.What concept is presented in Henri Murger's story collection?
A. Artists are not easy to become well known.
B. Being creative is not a really good thing sometimes.
C. Artists usually experience financial difficulties.
D. One has to be a very creative genius to be an artist.
22.What is described in paragraph 3?
A. People's imagination of artists.
B. People's various comments on being artists.
C. Murger's understanding of artists.
D. The influence of Murger's books.
23.What does the underlined word "affluent" in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Wealthy. B. Controversial. C. Starving. D. Humorous.
24.What's the main purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To ask people to read more tales.
B. To advise people to make use of their talents.
C. To encourage people to lead a rich life.
D. To tell successful artists an important truth.
七、
California's teens can sleep more from July 1st. A new law requires all public high schools to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. half an hour later than the American average. Middle schools (ages 11-14) must start at 8 a. m. or later. For 3.3 million children, this will be a welcome relief.
Poor sleep is associated with several woes. Physical-health problems can include obesity(肥胖). As for mental health, studies have found a link between lack of sleep and feelings of hopelessness, anxiety and depression. Sleep deprivation(缺乏) also seems to increase risky behaviours among teens, such as use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
Concentration suffers. A county in Kentucky that pushed back its school-start time found that car-crash rates among teen drivers fell by nearly 17% (the rest of the state experienced an increase). More sleep improves academic performance. A study of 29 schools in seven states found that attendance and graduation rates improved after start times were moved to after 8:30 a.m.
So why don't the teens just go to bed earlier? During puberty(青春期), adolescents' sleep cycle changes. They begin to go t0 sleep later (by about two hours) and wake up later as well. But they still require a full night's rest--8.5 to 9.5 hours. Early school-start times interrupt this.
California's bill has its critics(批评者).The later start times could mess with parents' schedules. In winter the end of school could occur during dusk, pushing after-school activities later into the evening. The law also upset the teachers' union. The California Teachers Association argued that start times should be decided at the local level. The new law will not apply to rural districts, but all others will have to follow it.
25.What does the underlined word "woes" in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Reasons. B.Factors. C.Cases. D.roblems.
26.What's the reason why the teens fail to go to bed earlier?
A. Teenagers live a colourful night life.
B. Teenagers' sleep cyele has changed as they age.
C. Teenagers are heavily loaded with schoolwork.
D. Teenagers spend more time on after-school activities.
27.What might be the attitude of some parents to the new law?
A.Negative. B.Cautious. C.Supportive. D. Unclear.
28.What's the best title for the text?
A. California's New Bill Has Its Critics
B.A New Law Brings Relief for Tired Teens
C. The Benefits of Later School-Start Times
D. The Influence of Insufficient Sleep on Teenagers
八、
    Collingwood Children’s Farm is an inner-city oasis(绿洲). For 40 years, this scenic farm with pigs, chickens and vegetable gardens has provided a taste of the countryside in Melbourne.
    The four-hectare patch is no throwback to the past. It is providing a glimpse of our future. In a time where a changing climate and population growth are causing concerns about food security, the farm is becoming a model for how we might change our approach to inner-city food production.
    The farm’s primary purpose has always been to support those in the community experiencing disadvantage. However, the not-for-profit has also spent the past year becoming a model of best-practice inner-city agriculture.
    Since mid-2020, an unused field has slowly been transformed into a bio-intensive vegetable garden. On top of that, new horticulturalists (园艺专家) have been employed to help build vegetable gardens that will help the soil.
    Horticulturist Rachel Freeman is head of the farm’s vegetable gardens. Freeman says she is a big believer in the importance of “linking people to food systems and showing people what you can do”. When it comes to showing how to educate and engage the community, this farm is hard to beat.
    In 2019, Collingwood Children’s Farm had an average of 15,000 visitors each month. In April 2020, 17,000 people came through. At that time, Ash and Shacklock were harvesting fast-growing turnips (萝卜) they had sown between cabbages to make the most of the growing space.
    Freeman says the land had a long history of food growing before it became the children’s farm in 1979. The Wurundjeri people cultivated food here for thousands of years before a group of nuns (修女) began growing vegetables on the site in the 1860s.
    Freeman says that the farm has been “in this amazing state of” change with many new projects under way. However, they are happening at a snail’s pace due to the farm’s focus on involving volunteers, especially people with disadvantage. “We do the work slowly with volunteers,” Freeman says. “This is an active space not a botanical one.”
29.What is the main purpose of the farm?
A. To deal with global climate change.
B. To produce safe food for local people.
C. To set a model for inner-city agriculture.
D. To support poor people in the community.
30.What belief does Freeman hold?
A. People should get closely connected. B. Farms should be built big and strong.
C. Involving people in farming matters. D. Education is the key to great success.
31.Why did they sow turnips between cabbages on the farm?
A. To satisfy children’s curiosity.
B. To help cabbages grow better.
C. To attract more visitors to join.
D. To use the growing space fully.
32.What can we learn from these new projects?
A. They are aimed at involving volunteers.
B. They have put volunteers at a disadvantage.
C. They are gaining popularity among children.
D. They have got into some financial difficulties.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“As the show finds a growing audience, volunteer travel—an old-yet-modern form of travel similar to Xu's type of work—has attracted more attention.(随着该节目的观众越来越多,志愿者旅行—一种古老而现代的旅行形式,与徐的工作类型类似—吸引了更多的关注。)”和第二段“Volunteer travel refers to taking a trip where all or part of the purpose of the trip is to participate in an arranged service opportunity to help others.(志愿旅行是指全部或部分旅行目的是参加安排好的帮助他人的服务机会的旅行。)”可知,作者在文章的开头提到Meet Yourself的目的是引出本文的话题,即志愿者旅行。故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the trip, volunteer travelers often provide services like teaching, cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange for their help, the volunteers may get free or discounted accommodation, meals and laundry, activities, or classes.(在旅途中,志愿者经常提供教学、烹饪、动物护理和文化活动等服务。作为对他们帮助的交换,志愿者可以获得免费或折扣的住宿、餐饮和洗衣、活动或课程。)可知,旅行者可以从他们提供的帮助中得到一些回报。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段的“However, just as what Meet Yourself describes, more volunteer trips have taken place within the same countries or regions the volunteers originate from in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine commented that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the fast and stressful pace of urban living. Yang Yan, a founder of a volunteer platform, told the magazine that it has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents to volunteer in rural areas.(然而, 正如Meet Yourself所描述的那样,近年来,越来越多的志愿者旅行发生在他们的原籍国家或地区。《三联生活周刊》评论说,农村地区的志愿者项目现在吸引了更多的城市游客,让他们从快速而紧张的城市生活节奏中解脱出来。一家志愿者平台的创始人Yang Yan在接受该杂志采访时表示,城市居民去农村做志愿者确实已经成为一种日益增长的趋势。)”可知,第三段主要讲的是志愿者旅行的新趋势。故选A。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Lifeweek magazine commented that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the fast and stressful pace of urban living.(《三联生活周刊》评论说,农村地区的志愿者项目现在吸引了更多的城市游客,让他们从快速而紧张的城市生活节奏中解脱出来。)”可知,现在越来越多的城市居民被农村志愿者项目所吸引是为了逃离忙碌的生活。故选B。
二、
5.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“applying the best parenting practices(应用最好的养育方法)”可知,划线词与后文的applying构成并列结构,表示“利用技术”。故划线词与选项A为同义词,意为“利用”。故选A。
6.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“A modem parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children.(一种现代的育儿方式是“直升机式育儿”,父母把太多的注意力放在孩子身上。)”以及“They help children with tasks they're capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters.(他们帮助孩子们完成他们自己能够完成的任务,比如为他们选择活动和朋友,或者打电话给他们的老师讨论作业问题。)”可知,“直升机式育儿”的方式中,在孩子的活动中,父母参与的太多。故选D。
7.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends.(另一方面,过去的父母往往监督较少。孩子们在如何管理学业和选择朋友方面有了更多的控制权。)”可知,过去的父母对孩子监督较少,给予孩子更多的空间。故选C。
8.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.(多年来,随着世界的快速变化,育儿方式也发生了变化。)”以及通读全文可知,文章讲述的是近些年来的育儿模式发生的变化。C选项概括文章主题。故选C。
三、
9.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据首段However, bans maybe practically impossible given how difficult it is to detect when text is composed by ChatGPT. Is it instead time to rethink how students are taught and evaluated?(但是,鉴于检测文本何时由ChatGPT组成是多么困难,因此实际上不可能禁止。现在是时候重新思考如何教授和评估学生了吗?)可知,作者认为推行禁令实际上不太可能,所以用问句的形式提议,到了该重新调整教学和评估的时候了。因此A.Adjust teaching and assessment.(调整教学和评估。)符合题意。故选A项。
10.答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段Educators are starting to question what it means to assess student learning if an AI can write an essay or paper similar to, or even better than, a student would—and the teacher can't tell the difference. Many teachers believe the time—honored learning tradition will be destroyed from the ground up by Chat GPT.(教育工作者开始质疑,如果人工智能可以写出与学生相似甚至更好的论文或论文,那么评估学生的学习意味着什么—而老师无法分辨出其中的区别。许多教师认为,时间—受人尊敬的学习传统将被聊天GPT从头开始摧毁。)可知,教育者开始质疑,如果老师分不清是AI还是学生写的作文时,评估学生学习情况的意义,且ChatGPT也完全摧毁这种历史悠久的学习传统,由此可知,该段主要讲的是教育者的担忧。故选B项。
11.答案：D
解析：观点态度题。根据第四段OpenAI is working to develop a digital watermark that can help teachers and academics spot students who are using ChatGPT to write essays. OpenAI's attempts to watermark AI text, however, hit limits.(OpenAI正在努力开发一种数字水印,可以帮助教师和学者发现使用ChatGPT撰写论文的学生。然而,OpenAl为Al文本加水印的尝试达到了极限。)可知,OpenAI正致力于开发一种数字水印,帮助教师和学者发现使用ChatGPT写论文的学生,但作者认为水印处理技术的尝试有限,由此可推断,作者对OpenAI的水印技术持怀疑态度。A.Amused.有趣的;B.Hopeful.充满希望的;C.Shocked.惊讶的;D.Doubtful.怀疑的。故选D项。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据尾段"Talk to students really frankly about what ChatGPT's capable of, what it's not, " says Stommel. "Have students use it to write an essay about Jane Austen and gender dynamics, and then have them read that essay and peer review it and think about what ChatGPT gets right and wrong."(斯托梅尔说: "坦率地和学生们谈谈ChatGPT能做什么,不能做什么。" "让学生用它来写一篇关于简·奥斯汀和性别动态的文章,然后让他们阅读这篇文章,并进行同行评审,思考ChatGPT在哪些方面是对的,哪些是错的。")可知,Stommel建议教育者与学生开诚布公的谈谈ChatGPT,然后让他们使用ChatGPT写一篇文章,然后对ChatGPT的文章进行评论,由此可推断Stommel建议教育者正确引导学生使用ChatGPT。因此C. Educators should guide students to use AI properly.(教育者要引导学生正确使用Al。)符合题意。故选C项。
四、
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段If the self or person of today, and that of tomorrow, are not the same, but only like persons, the person of today is really no more interested in what will befall (降临到……头上) the person of tomorrow, than in what will befall any other person(如果今天的自我或人与明天的自我或人并不相同,而只是相似的人,那么今天的人对未来将发生什么并不比其他任何人将发生什么更感兴趣)可知,这个假设的人不太会担心自己的行为会有什么长期的后果。故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段The circles overlapped (重叠) to varying degrees, and the participants had to identify which pair best described how similar and how connected they felt to a future self 10 years from now.(这些圆圈在不同程度上重叠,参与者必须确定哪一对最能描述他们与10年后的自己有多相似,以及他们觉得自己有多联系)可知,参与者被要求选出一对圆圈来代表自己。故选B。
15.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段Hershfield first looked at his participants' real-life savings and he found that the more the participant felt connected to their future self, the more money they had already squirrelled away.(赫什菲尔德首先观察了参与者在现实生活中的储蓄,他发现参与者越是觉得自己与未来的自己有联系,他们已经存下的钱就越多。)由此推测,越觉得和未来自我有联系的人存的钱也更多。"squirrelled away"意为"储蓄"。A.Cost花费;B.Taken out取出;C.Donated捐赠;D.Set aside存储、放置一边。故选D。
16.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段Hershfield confirmed that someone's (in) ability to identify with their future self can have long-term consequences for their overall wellbeing and that our sense of connection to our future selves can be strengthened.(Hershfield证实,一个人认同未来自己的能力会对他们的整体幸福产生长期影响,我们与未来自己的联系感会得到加强)以及最后一段It might seem strange to start a "conversation" with an imagined person but once your future self becomes alive in your mind, you may find it much easier to make the small personal sacrifices (牺牲)that are essential to preserve your wellbeing.(和想象中的人开始一段“对话”可能看起来很奇怪,但一旦未来的自己在你的脑海中活跃起来,你可能会发现更容易做出一些个人的小牺牲,这对保持你的幸福至关重。)可推知,如果想要过上幸福的生活,就要考虑将来的自己。故选A。
五、
17.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段“A growing number of experts believe language can influence how we think”可知答案。故选C。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。第三段作者是通过举例子(举英语和德语的例子)来行文的。故选B。
19.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“He discovered that speakers of futureless languages were more likely to engage in future-focused activities.”可知答案。故选D。
20.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。最后一段主要讲语言正在影响我们的思维方式,但并不是说一种语言比另外一种语言好。故选D。
六、
21.答案：C
解析：细节题。根据文章第一段内容,For centuries, artists usually give people an impression: they are the "Starving Artists struggling to make ends meet. Henri Murger proved that.几个世纪以来,艺术家通常给人留下这样的印象:他们是"饥肠辘辘的艺术家,努力维持生计.亨利·穆格证明了这一点,以及文章第二段内容,In 18471 Murger published a book. It's a collection of stories about poverty, which launched the concept of the "Starving Artists" into the public's understanding as the model for a creative life.18471年,穆尔格出版了一本书,这是一本关于贫穷的故事集,它把"饥饿的艺术家"的概念作为创造生活的典范,推向了公众的理解。由此可知,在Henri Murger 的故事集里呈现出的理念是:艺术家经常面临经济问题.结合选项,故选C。
22.答案：D
解析：细节题。根据文章第三段内容,Today, what we forget is that the story of the "Starving Artist" is a myth. In fact, it is really just an imaginary story. Due to the power of this myth in Murger's book many of us just want to become lawyers instead of writers bankers instead of poets, and doctors instead of painters. Nobody wants to struggle ultimately. Thus, we just keep our passion a hobby instead of a career.今天,我们忘记的是,"饥饿的艺术家"的故事是一个神话,事实上,它实际上只是一个虚构的故事,由于在穆尔格的书中这个神话的力量,我们中的许多人只是想成为律师而不是作家、银行家而不是诗人、医生而不是画家.没有人想最终挣扎,因此,我们的故事我们只是把激情作为业余爱好,而不是事业,由此可知,该段落主要讲述的是Murger的书对人们所产生的影响,结合选项,故选D。
23.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第四段内容,He was not only a master sculptor but also the most affluent artist of his time.他不仅是一位雕刻家大师,而且是他那个时代最富有的艺术家,由此可知,Michelangelo是那个时代非常富裕的艺术家,由此可知,划线单词意为“富裕的”,结合选项,故选A。
24.答案：B
解析：写作意图题。根据上文可知,作者想要改变大家对艺术家的固有印象,再结合最后一段内容,you don't have to starve and you might as well make a living from your creative talents.你不必挨饿,你也可以用你的创造力谋生,由此可知,作者建议人们好好利用自己的才能,结合选项,故选B。
七、
25.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“Physical-health problems can include obesity.”的提示可知答案。
26.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“During puberty, adolescents' sleep cycle changes. They begin to go to sleep later(by about two hours)and wake up later as well.”可知答案。
27.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The later start times could mess with parents' schedules. In winter the end of school could occur during dusk, pushing after-school activities later into the evening.”可知答案。
28.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。美国加州颁布法律推迟上学时间,这给广大缺乏睡眠时间的青少年带来了福音。
八、
29.答案：D
解析：题目意为:这个农场的主要目的是什么?A:应对全球气候变化。B:为当地人民生产安全食品。C:为市中心区的农业树立典范。D:帮助社区里的穷人。根据第三段中The farm's primary purpose has always been to support those in the community experiencing disadvantage.(该农场的主要目的一直是支持社区中处于不利地位的人。)可知,社区中处于不利地位的人也就是穷人,农场的主要目的是帮助社区里的穷人。故选D。
30.答案：C
解析：题目意为:弗里曼的信仰是什么?A:人们应该保持紧密的联系。B:农场应该建得又大又坚固。C:让人们参与农业是一件大事。D:教育是取得成功的关键。根据第五段中Freeman says she is a big believer in the importance of "linking people to food systems and showing people what you can do". When it comes to showing how to educate and engage the community, this farm is hard to beat.(弗里曼说,她坚信“将人们与食物系统联系起来,并向人们展示你能做什么”的重要性。当谈到如何教育和参与社区时,这个农场是很难被击败的。)可知,她建议把人们和食物联系起来,也就是让人们参与到生产食物的农业中去,由此可见,她认为人们参与到农业是一件重要的事。故选C。
31.答案：D
解析：题目意为:为什么他们在农场的卷心菜中间播种萝卜?A:满足孩子的好奇心。B:帮助卷心菜更好地成长。C:吸引更多的游客加入。D:充分利用生长空间。根据倒数第三段At that time, Ash and Shacklock were harvesting fast-growing turnips they had sown between cabbages to make the most of the growing space.(当时,阿什和沙克洛克正在收割他们播种在卷心菜之间的快速生长的萝卜,以充分利用种植空间。)可知,在农场的卷心菜中间种萝卜是为了充分利用生长空间。故选D。
32.答案：A
解析：题目意为:我们能从这些新项目中学到什么?A:它们旨在让志愿者参与进来。B:它们把志愿者置于不利地位。C:它们越来越受孩子们的欢迎。D:它们遇到了一些财政困难。根据最后一段Freeman says that the farm has been "in this amazing state of" change with many new projects under way. However, they are happening at a snail's pace due to the farm's focus on involving volunteers, especially people with disadvantage.(弗里曼说,随着许多新项目正在进行中,该农场一直处于“令人惊讶的状态”。然而,由于农场专注于志愿者,尤其是弱势群体的参与,这些事情进展得非常缓慢。)可知,这些新项目旨在让志愿者尤其是弱势群体参与进来。故选A。