高中英语高考复习数词表示方法知识讲解
展开高考英语数词表示方法一、基数词1.1-12 的基数词: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve2.13~19的基数词在个位数上加后缀 -teen构成,并有两个重音。thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 3.20~90等十位数由2-9 加后缀-ty构成。 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 4.21-29由十位数20加个位数1-9 构成,十位和个位之间加连字符号"-",其他十位数以此类推。21 twenty-one、44 forty-four、98 ninety-eight 5.多位数的读法 ① 从后向前数,每三位数加一个",";第一个","号前为thousand(千),第二个","号前为million(百万)……,然后再逐段表达。② 三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。 在美国用法中,这种用法的and往往省略。45,000,000读作 forty-five million632,ooo读作 six hundred and thirty-two thousand二、序数词序数词 = 基数词+th,但以下几个特殊:one- first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth.eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth ……, one hundred -- one hundredth 三、倍数、分数、小数、百分数1.倍数:time(s) twice, three times这个房间有那个房间三个大。 This room is three times as large as that one.2.分数:分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子为2以上时,分母(序数词)应变为复数。三分之一one third, a third; 五分之三three fifths,二分之一one/a half; 四分之一one fourth/ a quarterNote:数短语作主语时,谓语的数由of 后面的名词来决定,名词为可数名词复数,则谓语用复数;名词为不可数名词,谓语用单数。 A third of the land is covered by forests.Two thirds of the workers are working hard.有些分数词也可用half和quarter表示。■1/2→a/one half(不说one second)■1/4→a/one quarter3/4→three quarters/three fourths提示口语中用a half/third/fourth比用 one half/third/fourth普遍。带分数带分数中的整数用基数词表示,加and同分数词隔开。31→ three and a half3-2 /4 three and two quarters52 five and two thirds29万 1→twenty-nine and one fifth提示①用分数词作定语修饰名词时,基数词和序数词之间要加连字号“-”,分数词单独使用或相当于名词时,用不用连字号都可以。三分之一英里→a one-third mile三分之二的多数→a two-thirds majority四分之三的钱 →three-quarters(three quarters) of the money②表示“几分之几”的具体东西时,要用“分数词+of+名词”结构。5/8 inch→five eighths of an inch八分之五英3/5 foot→three fifths of a foot 五分之三英尺③表示“几次方,乘方”时,指数用序数词,底数用基数词。10°→the fifth power of ten (=ten to the fifth power)61°→the tenth power of six (=six to the tenth power)10°→the ninth power of ten (=ten to the ninth power)x*=y(x的4次方是y。)→The fourth power of x is y.3.小数:小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点后面则须将数字一一读出。1.25 读作 one point two five 0.56 读作zero point five six4.百分数:百分号%读作 percent 5% 读作 five percent 四、算式1.加法 A+B=C → A plus B is C.或者 A and B is C.或者 A added to B is C.2.减法 A-B=C →A minus B is C.3.乘法 A×B=C → A times B is C.或者 A multiplied by B is C.4.除法 A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.5.大于 A>B → A is greater than B.6.小于 A<B →A is less than B.五、常见数词的表示法及读法1.章节、页数的读法第一章:the first chapter / Chapter One 第二节:the second section / Section Two第三课:the third lesson / Lesson Three注意:如果页码的数字较长,通常用基数词。第2564页:page two five six four或twenty-five sixty-four2.房间、门牌、电话号码的读法 第305房间:Room three o(零)five 长安街76号:live at seventy-six Chang'an Street 电话号码:204-2244:telephone number two o(zero) four two two(double two) four four十一路公共汽车:Bus(No.) eleven , Bus No.11 or the Number 11 Bus3.年代、日期、时刻的读法 (1)年份是四位数字时,各分成二位来读,1995年: nineteen ninety-five(2)日期使用一般的序数词来读取5月10日:May (the)10th(=May (the)tenth) =the tenth of May(3)时刻通常用基数词来读8: 45 ---- eight forty-five 3:25 ----twenty-five past three3:55 ----- five to four 3:30 ---half past three3:15----a quarter past three 3:45 ----a quarter to four(4)年代表示法: 在二十世纪九十年代 in the 1990's nineteen nineties 或in the 1990s4.基数词的复数形式表示年龄in one’s + 整十的复数 表示在某人几十岁时in one’s teens (13-19)在他五十多岁的时候in his fifties在二十岁出头in one’s early twenties.奔三 in one’s late twenties5.hundred, thousand, million用法:hundred, thousand, million, score(20), dozen(12), decade(10)前面有具体数字,要用单数形式,但如果它们后面有of,那它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具体的数目。eg.two thousand 两千 thousands of 成千上万 hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 数以百万计in twos and threes (三三两两)two hundred boys; hundreds of boys6.几个半的表达法:基数词 + and + a half +名词复数 = 基数词 +名词(单数/复数) +and +a half两个半小时 two and a half hours = two hours and a half六、需注意的问题1.数词+名词用连词符连在一起作定语 eg.四岁的男孩 a four-year-old boy2.有些结构既有基数词又有序数词。eg.前三题the first three questions 最后五分钟the last five minutes